a. Cyclically balanced budget
b. Annually balanced budget
c. Functional finance
d. Annually balanced budget
e. Functional finance
Cyclically balanced budget is one which is balanced over a business cycle instead of yearly. Such a budget makes sure that the needs of economy are met during various stages of business cycle. When the economy is on a stage of growth, or a boom, a cyclically balanced budget would increase taxes and reduce spending so that the aggregate demand stays low.
Until the Great Depression, budget was balanced each year, which is characterised by increased taxation and spending cuts by the government. Both of this forced the economy into a worse state during the Great Depression. During recession and depression, the economy needs to be stimulated and money should be injected, both of which cannot be done through a balanced budget.
Functional finance puts greater emphasis on the effects of government spending and taxation instead of the concept of balanced budget. Such fiscal policy measures can improve various factors like unemployment and public good availability by focusing on these factors through various policies. Unemployment can only be rectified through greater spending and reduced taxation, which is possible through functional finance
During a recession, the economy is at a stage of negative growth. The only policy response that can improve such a situation is by injecting more money into the economy and by stimulating aggregate demand. But through an annually balanced budget, the emphasis is on keeping the revenue and expenditure equal, which means greater taxation and spending cuts. This can worsen a recession.
In case of functional finance, more emphasis is placed on the effect certain policies can have on the economy. It boosts employment and other factors. But at the same time, it does not take into consideration the impact of the fiscal policy measures on the business cycle.
Until the 1930s, conventional wisdom held that the federal government should have a balanced budget each year, meaning that expenditures would equal revenue and no more for each fiscal year. However, the coming of the Great Depression, which brought a drastic increase in expenditure alongside an increase in spending, showed how this approach would only worsen the situation during times of recession and another approach would be needed.
A cyclically balanced budget does not seek to balance the budget each year, but rather keep it balanced along with the business cycle. The goal here is to decrease spending and increase taxes during economic expansions as a way to soften the blow, or even create a surplus, in preparation for the inevitable contraction of the economy.
The functional finance approach argues that policy makers should focus on providing the public with the goods and services they demand and ignore the business cycle while focusing on maintaining employment. A budget deficit or surplus is of secondary concern to adherents of this approach.
Phil Frugal has been saving his pennies since he was 5 years old. He is now 45 and deposits his savings in a bank. His pennies total $5,000. Using this information and your knowledge of the banking system, select the best match for each item. Then calculate the values of reserves, required reserves, and excess reserves. Assume a required reserve ratio of 10%.
a. The amount of interest the bank must charge on a loan
b. The amount of funds banks must, by law, hold in reserve
c. The amount a bank has on hand to fulfill the cash demands of its customers and the reserve requirements of the Fed
d. The amount of reserves the bank owes to other banks
e. The maximum amount of reserves available for loans
f. The amount of reserves the bank must set aside to loan to member banks
WORD BANK:
required reserves
excess reserves
reserves
none of these
Enter the values of reserves, excess reserves, and required reserves.
Reserves: $__________
Excess reserves: $___________
Required reserves: $____________
If his pennies total is $5,000 and required reserve ratio is 10%. Reserves $500; Excess reserves $4,500; Required reserves $5,000.
Reserves, excess reserves and required reservesa. Reserves
Reserves=Pennies total×Reserve ratio
Reserves=$5000×0.10
Reserves= $500
b. Excess reserves
Excess reserves=Pennies total+Reserves
Excess reserves=$5000-$500
Excess reserves= $4,500
c. Required Reserves:
Required reserves=Reserves+Excess reserves
Required reserves=$5,000
Therefore Reserves $500; Excess reserves $4,500; Required reserves $5,000.
Learn more about reserves, excess reserves and required reserves here:https://brainly.com/question/23266308
Answer:
a. The amount of interest the bank must charge on a loan
none of these
b. The amount of funds banks must, by law, hold in reserve
required reserves
c. The amount a bank has on hand to fulfill the cash demands of its customers and the reserve requirements of the Fed
reserves
d. The amount of reserves the bank owes to other banks
none of these
e. The maximum amount of reserves available for loans
excess reserves
f. The amount of reserves the bank must set aside to loan to member banks
none of these
Enter the values of reserves, excess reserves, and required reserves.
Reserves: $5000
Excess reserves: $4500
Required reserves: $500
Explanation:
Reserves refer are the cash a bank keeps on hand to meet the cash demands of customers and the deposits the bank holds at the Fed. In this case, reserves amount to $5,000.
Required reserves are the portion of reserves banks are required by law to keep in their vaults or on deposit at the Fed. Banks are not permitted to loan required reserves. A required reserve ratio of 10%, as given in the problem, means that 10% of Phil's deposit of $5,000 must be set aside by the bank.
Excess reserves are the reserves left over after the bank has taken out required reserves. This is the maximum amount a bank can loan out to borrowers. In this case, the bank has
Required reserves on deposit=deposit × reserve ratio=$5000×0.10=$500
Excess reserves=$5000−$500=$4500
What is the correct definition of global interdependence?
nations helping those still under the yoke of colonialism to win their freedom
international rulers forming bonds based on shared values rather than economic needs
developing nations receiving financial aid, support, and charity from developed nations
nations and populations relying on each other for resources, goods, and services
The correct definition of global interdependence from among the above statements is nations and populations relying on each other for resources, goods, and services
What is global interdependence?As the name implies, global interdependence can simply be defined as a phenomenon or a process whereby nations depend each other mutually for resources, goods, and services
So therefore, the correct definition of global interdependence from among the above statements is nations and populations relying on each other for resources, goods, and services
Learn more about global interdependence:
https://brainly.com/question/9969291
#SPJ1
Answer:
d
Explanation:
look above you
Describe the nature and lifestyle of the people during different seasons
joe mama so fat"she joined the hunger games thinking it was a eating competition"
Explanation:
How has the country of Japan and the people who live there been affected by
the 2011 earthquake and tsunami?
Answer:
An estimated 20,000 people were dead or missing and close to 500,000 people were forced to evacuate. In addition, a nuclear power plant meltdown triggered a nuclear emergency. The direct economic loss from the earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear disaster is estimated at $360 billion.
two roles of a community leader
Answer:
1. Work with the community members on problems and try to resolve them.
Explanation:
2. Be a leader, have clear goals and objectives.
I am needing help making a graph for supply and demand with todays gas prices. someone help!!!! :)
Answer:
Like demand, supply can be illustrated using a table or a graph. A supply schedule is a table, like a table below, that shows the quantity supplied at a range.
“The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age.”
Which of the following reflects the source and impact of this quote?
A. The 19th amendment protects the right to vote for all legal adults. Before this amendment, voters had to not only be an adult but also serve in the armed forces and be a high school graduate before they could vote.
B. The 26th amendment protects the right to vote for all legal adults. Before this amendment, young adults could be in college or even serving the military in combat but not be eligible to choose their leaders for a few years.
C. The 19th amendment prevents states from allowing minors to vote. Before this amendment, widespread voter fraud was an issue throughout the states, as parents would vote multiple times using their children's names.
D. The 26th amendment prevents states from allowing minors to vote. Before this amendment, candidates directed their campaigns at children and teens through cartoons rather than focusing on real political issues.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
D. The 26th amendment prevents states from allowing minors to vote. Before this amendment, candidates directed their campaigns at children and teens through cartoons rather than focusing on real political issues.
Why is water so important? If you were without water, what can you do to find a clean water source?
Our bodies are 79% water and it's required to live. We use it in most meals because it has a stable boiling point of 100 degrees which draws a clear line. And of course how else can the Britts say a bottol of wah uh.
To find a water source drinkable people usually drill up water pockets that are all in the earths crust. Water springs also exist. If you are in the forest, using a sock and sand can get you up to speed but I'm no survival expert.
Why was the Egyptian civilization able to develop peacefully?
a
It was isolated by physical geography.
b
It made alliances by trading with other civilizations.
c
It had few people willing to explore the outside world.
d
It was disinterested in training an army.
Answer:
A. It was isolated by physical geography.
Explanation:
The Nile River's physical features prevented enemies to attack the Egyptians. So the Egyptians civilization developed peacefully. Food, water, trade, transportation, fertile soil for planting, protection. … The Nile River was important to early Egyptians because it had fertile land.
Hope this helped! Have a nice day!
Please give Brainliest when you can.
-Jaron, King of Carthya.
what are the areas of economic strength for japan
Answer:
privileged location in a dynamic region
in your own view, how can social media be used in teaching and learning in higher education?
Answer:
Social media promotes self-directed learning, which prepares students to search for answers and make decisions independently. When reinforced in a classroom setting, these social media skills can be guided and refined to produce better learning outcomes and critical awareness.
Explanation:
The nation of Cantania regularly experiences changes in its national budget situation. In some years, Cantania operates with a budget deficit, while in other years it experiences a budget surplus. Please classify each of the possible consequences into the appropriate category of the budget circumstance most likely to cause them.
Answer:
Increase in Budget Surplus would be there when
-The government of Cantania stops borrowing from foreign nations.
-More funds are made available for private investment in physical capital.
Increase in the Budget deficit would be there when
-Interest rates in Catania rise
-Cantania's government increases its demand for financial capital
Explanation:
As an increase in budget surplus occurs, more financial capital is made available to the government. The government will thus no longer have to borrow from outside sources, and more funds become available for private investment.
When there is an increase in the budget deficit, the government requires more financial capital, so there will be an increase in quantity of financial capital demanded. Interest rates are likely to rise as a result of the higher competition for financial capital.
How is what i learn in a world politics course relevant to my life and my responsibilities as a citizen in a democratic country?
The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 aimed to promote equality of opportunity with which two provisions? Group of answer choices:
a provision that required schools to show positive test results for all subcategories of children and a provision that allowed parents of children in failing schools to transfer their children to better schools
a provision that mandated a standardized national test to evaluate all K-12 students and a provision that provided scholarships for students in failing public schools to attend private schools
a provision that mandated a standardized national test to evaluate all K-12 students and a provision that created federally run “scholarship academies” for low-income students that scored highly on the national tests
a provision that outlawed all standardized testing in K-12 schools and a provision that mandated busing to integrate racially homogenous schools
Answer:
1.The major focus of No Child Left Behind is to close student achievement gaps by providing all children with a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high-quality education.
2.The primary benefit of the No Child Left Behind Act was that it allowed each state in the US to develop their own achievement standards. It placed an emphasis on annual testing for those skills, tracking academic process for individual students, and improving teacher qualifications.
Explanation:
i hope this helps
For each statement determine if it is a characteristic of a lease or a purchase of a vehicle buying a vehicle leasing a vehicle.
Answer:
nobremod/nobremod nobremod/nobremod
What steps could be taken to prevent light pollution?
Answer:
Turn the lights off when you're not using them, replace outdoor lights(if you have any) with low glare ones, and replace bulbs with more efficient ones. Something you could also do is aim outdoor lights downwards and pull down the blinds or shut the curtain.
Explanation:
Hope this helps:)...if not then sorry for wasting your time and may God bless you:)
according to peter berger which is a major characteristic of modernization brainly?
A. A decrease in small traditional communities
B. An Orientation to look toward the past
C. A Decrease in social diversity
D. A decrease in personal choice
Peter Berger believes that a major characteristic of modernization is a. A decrease in small traditional communities.
How do we know that modernization is happening?When there is modernization, communities will become larger and more urban and modern in nature.
This means that small traditional communities will decrease in number which is what Peter Berger meant.
Find out more on modernization at https://brainly.com/question/21726373.
#SPJ1
What is the MOST likely reason the author included Aadya Joshi’s plant database?
The author included Aadya Joshi’s plant database to present facts about native Indian plants.
What is database?It should be noted that database simply means an organized collection of structured information and data.
In this case, the author included Aadya Joshi’s plant database to present facts about native Indian plants.
Learn more about database on:
https://brainly.com/question/26066799
Given the equation of exchange set forth by the quantity theory of money (M×V=P×Q) , where M is the supply of money, V is the velocity of money, P is the price level, and Q is real output, which of the statements best defines V ?
The average of level of prices for a given basket of goods.
The quantity of goods and services produced within an economy.
The average number of times a dollar is spent in a given period of time.
The total amount of currency, coins, and banking sector.
Answer:
Explanation:
The quantity of goods and services produced within an economy.
Consider the different characteristics of the aggregate demand curve and the short‑run aggregate supply curve. For each statement below, determine which curve is being described.
a. Desired purchases of goods and services at different price levels
b. Shifts when productivity changes
c. Shifts when consumer wealth changes
d. Upward‑sloping
e. Real GDP that firms produce at various price levels
f. Shifts when the cost of oil changes significantly
g. Downward‑sloping
WORD BANK
aggregate demand
short-run aggregate supply
Answer:
a. aggregate demand
b. short-run aggregate supply
c. aggregate demand
d. short-run aggregate supply
e. short-run aggregate supply
f. short-run aggregate supply
g. aggregate demand
Explanation:
Aggregate Demand: The aggregate demand curve shows the level of output of goods and services demanded at different price levels. It slopes downwards because as the price level decreases, the quantity of goods and services demanded rises. Any change in consumption, investment, government spending, or net exports causes the aggregate demand curve to shift. A change in consumer wealth allows households to purchase more goods and services at all price levels. As a result, the aggregate demand curve shifts.
Short‑Run Aggregate Supply: The short‑run aggregate supply shows the level of output firms will produce at various price levels. In the short‑run, it slopes upwards because, as prices increase and input costs remain fixed, profits will increase with output. Any change in the cost of production shifts the short‑run aggregate supply curve. A change in the cost of oil shifts the aggregate supply curve, since oil is a major input in the production and transportation of most goods. A change in productivity changes the efficiency of firms, causing costs to change and the short‑run aggregate supply curve to shift.
Does the WTO impact State Sovereignty
What is a check on the power of the Supreme Court?
Answer:
judicial branch is the answer
Explanation:
have a nice day
What obstacle was faced by both Central Pacific and Union Pacific workers?
attacks from Indigenous People on the plains
danger from blasting through the Sierra Nevada
harsh weather conditions
loss of workers to the Gold Rush
Answer:
Harsh Weather Conditions
Explanation:
Such conditions make it hard to work which also decreases their quality as well.
A chimpanzee and a pine tree have very little in common. However, because they are both living things, we can be certain that they both
A . use the sunlight to make their own food
B . travel with other members of their species
C . have a skeleton which allows them to move
D. are made up of one or more cells
Answer:
D
Explanation:
d is the Best option. yes yes yes
The tenth amendment of the U.S. Constitution limits the power of the federal government by granting powers to the states. This is an example of how the United States practices: apportionment. charterism. federalism. popular sovereignty.
An example of how the United states practices federalism is because the tenth amendment of the U.S. Constitution limits the power of the federal government by granting powers to the states.
What is FederalismFederalism is a mixed system of government which combines the central government with the state or regional government into a single political system.
Federalism ensure that power is allocated to the federating regions for easy and efficient administration.
#SPJ1
Learn more about federalism at https://brainly.com/question/985210
Suppose that the required reserve ratio is 7.00 %. What is the simple money (deposit) multiplier? Round to two decimal places.
money multiplier: _________
Increasing the reserve ratio will ___(increase / decrease)___ the money multiplier.
The simple money multiplier is calculated as
Money Mutilplier = 1 / required reserve ratio
Money Multiplier = 1 / 0.07
Money Multiplier = 14.29
Increasing the reserve ratio will decrease the Money Mutilplier.
Money Mutilplier and reserve ratio has inverse relationship between them i.e increasing the reserve ratio will decrease the money Mutilplier and vice versa. Because the reserve ratio is in the denominator of the fraction, an increase in the reserve ratio decreases the multiplier.
Fredrick Douglass inspired the abolitionist movement by..
A.) Publishing the anti-slavery newspaper The North Star
B.) Writing Uncle Toms Cabin
C.) Organizing Underground Railroad
D.) Becoming the first African American Senator
The way that Fredrick Douglass inspired movement to abolish slavery was by A.) Publishing the anti-slavery newspaper The North Star.
What did Frederick Douglass do?He was the publisher of the North Star Newspaper which was known to broadcast anti-slavery rhetoric.
This had the impact of educating people on why slavery should be abolished, as well as inspiring people in the abolitionist movement.
In conclusion, option A is correct.
Find out more on Fredrick Douglass at https://brainly.com/question/13896424.
what is the importance of industry
Explanation:
A strong manufacturing creates a broad foundation on which the rest of the country economic sector grows. Manufacturing production and the workers they employ generate demand for other manufactured goods.
1) How does the vision of the underworld transform from Homer to Virgil to Dante
Answer:
They are gradually worsening
Explanation:
Homer: Homer depicts the land of the dead as gloomy, frightening, dark and generally unpleasant for his heroes to endure. There is nothing rewarding about an existence there.
Virgil:Virgil’s underworld ethical scores are settled. Those that have done well in life get beautiful afterlives, joyful and happy things surround their eternity. Those that have been evil in their lives are physically punished.
Dante: Dante sees Hell depicted as nine concentric circles of torment located within the Earth; The circles are concentric, representing a gradual increase in wickedness, and culminating at the centre of the earth, where Satan is held in bondage. The sinners of each circle are punished for eternity in a fashion fitting their crimes
A basketball player deliberately tried to injure opposing players during the game. Near the end of the game, he falls and is injured. A fan comments that the player deserved the injury. The fan’s sentiments best represent what social psychological phenomenon?
The fan’s sentiments best represent what social psychological phenomenon called just-world phenomenon.
What is just-world phenomenon?It should be noted that just-world phenomenon is the belief that people deserve what they get.
In this case, thus is illustrated as the basketball player deliberately tried to injure opposing players during the game and near the end of the game, he falls and is injured.
Learn more about psychology on:
https://brainly.com/question/12011520