Job costing is a method of costing that is used by companies to allocate costs to specific jobs or orders. Job costing is a system of costing that is used to assign costs to specific jobs or orders. Job costing is used by companies to allocate costs to specific jobs or orders.
In this scenario, we have to calculate the manufacturing cost of job 309.
So,
To calculate the manufacturing cost of job 309, we will have to follow the given steps:
Identify the formula
Calculate the predetermined overhead rate Calculate the manufacturing cost of Job 309Formula for calculating manufacturing cost:
Direct materials + Direct Labor + Manufacturing Overhead = Total Manufacturing Cost
Predetermined Overhead Rate = Estimated Overhead Costs / Estimated Activity Level
Step 1:
Identify the Formula
The formula for calculating the manufacturing cost of job 309 is given below:
Direct materials + Direct Labor + Manufacturing Overhead = Total Manufacturing Cost
Step 2:
Calculate the Predetermined Overhead Rate The formula to calculate the predetermined overhead rate is given below:
Predetermined Overhead Rate = Estimated Overhead Costs / Estimated Activity Level
Given below is the information that is required to calculate the predetermined overhead rate:
Estimated Overhead Costs = $2,400,000Estimated Activity Level = 800,000 Machine Hours Predetermined Overhead Rate = Estimated Overhead Costs / Estimated Activity Level
Predetermined Overhead Rate = $2,400,000 / 800,000 Machine Hours
Predetermined Overhead Rate = $3 per Machine Hour
Step 3:
Calculate the Manufacturing Cost of Job 309Given below is the information that is required to calculate the manufacturing cost of job 309:
Direct Materials = $15,000Direct Labor = $10,000Machine Hours = 200 Manufacturing Overhead = Predetermined Overhead Rate * Machine Hours
Manufacturing Overhead = $3 per Machine Hour * 200 Machine Hours
Manufacturing Overhead = $600Manufacturing Cost of Job 309 = Direct Materials + Direct Labor + Manufacturing Overhead
Manufacturing Cost of Job 309 = $15,000 + $10,000 + $600Manufacturing Cost of Job 309 = $25,600Requirement
2. How much will the City of Jonestown pay for this playground equipment?
To calculate how much the City of Jonestown will pay for the playground equipment, we will have to add the profit margin to the manufacturing cost of job 309.
Let's assume that the profit margin is 20%.
Manufacturing Cost of Job 309 = $25,600
Profit Margin = 20% of Manufacturing Cost of Job 309
Profit Margin = 20/100 * $25,600
Profit Margin = $5,120
Total Cost of Playground Equipment = Manufacturing Cost of Job 309 + Profit Margin
Total Cost of Playground Equipment = $25,600 + $5,120
Total Cost of Playground Equipment = $30,720
Therefore, the City of Jonestown will pay $30,720 for this playground equipment.
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The Boyd company makes custom t-shirts. It gets blank t-shirts from a supplier. It puts the blank shirts in their shirt press machine, adds the necessary fabric ink, and out comes a custom t-shirt that they sell online for $30. In this story what would be classified as an intermediate good? Select one: a. The custom shirt that is sold for $30 b. Just the shirt press machine c. Just the fabric ink d. Both the blank t-shirts and the fabric ink
In the given story, the intermediate goods would be the blank t-shirts and the fabric ink. These goods are used as inputs in the production process to create the final custom t-shirts. Here option D is the correct answer.
Intermediate goods are products that are used as inputs in the production process to create the final goods. In this case, the blank t-shirts and the fabric ink are essential components in the production of the custom t-shirts.
The blank t-shirts serve as the base material onto which the design is printed, and the fabric ink is the medium used to create the customized design on the t-shirts.
The shirt press machine, although a necessary tool in the production process, would not be classified as an intermediate good because it is a capital good or a fixed asset.
Capital goods are used repeatedly in the production process to create final goods or services. In this case, the shirt press machine is not consumed or transformed in the production process but is instead a tool used to facilitate the creation of custom t-shirts.
Therefore, the intermediate goods in this story are the blank t-shirts and the fabric ink as they are both directly involved in the transformation process to produce the final custom t-shirts.
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Business strategy refers to ...
Select one:
a. The maximization of the profits of the company.
b. The analysis of the environment, the market and the competitors.
c. The analysis of the characteristics of the company and its competences.
d. The establishment of planned goals that are carried out effectively. It is the answer to the question: Where do we want to go?
Business strategy refers to the establishment of planned goals that are carried out effectively. It is the answer to the question: Where do we want to go? The correct option is (d).
Business strategy is defined as a long-term plan of action that is developed to achieve specific goals and objectives for a business. Business strategy is intended to be a roadmap for the organization that helps to answer fundamental questions about the company, such as "What business are we in?" and "Where do we want to go?"
In addition to setting goals and objectives, business strategy also involves the analysis of the characteristics of the company and its competences, as well as the analysis of the environment, the market, and the competitors.
Business strategy involves identifying opportunities and threats, and developing a plan that leverages strengths while mitigating weaknesses in order to achieve success.
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What analogy is sometimes used to describe the sales process?
spiral
funnel
boomerang
arrow
Answer:
The analogy that is sometimes used to describe the sales process is the "sales funnel". This refers to the journey a prospective customer goes through to become a customer , starting with awareness and ending with purchase. The funnel represents the stages of this journey, including awareness, interest, consideration, intent, evaluation, and purchase.
Explanation:
Answer:
funnel
Explanation:
The analogy that is often used to describe the sales process is the "funnel." The sales funnel represents the journey that a potential customer goes through from initial awareness of a product or service to the final purchase. It illustrates the process of narrowing down a larger pool of prospects into a smaller group of qualified leads and eventually converting them into customers. The funnel analogy emphasizes the progressive stages of the sales process, where prospects move through different stages of interest and engagement.
Describe the concepts of multiplier and accelerator. their
differences and potental interactions Use appropriate diagram(s) to
illustrate and explain your answer
Multiplier and accelerator concepts are essential macroeconomic theories that are widely used in economic analysis. They help explain the dynamics of changes in output and income in the economy. Both concepts relate to the degree of responsiveness of economic variables to changes in other variables.
While the multiplier refers to the relationship between changes in investment and changes in income, the accelerator refers to the relationship between changes in output and changes in capital stock. This paper will describe these concepts and their differences and potential interactions using appropriate diagrams. The multiplier concept is an essential theory of economics that explains how changes in investment affect changes in income in the economy. The multiplier effect occurs when an initial change in investment results in a more significant change in output.
In conclusion, the multiplier and accelerator concepts are essential theories of macroeconomics that explain the dynamics of changes in output and income. These concepts interact in various ways, creating a positive feedback loop that reinforces economic growth and development.
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A. Dinda plans to borrow money from a bank in the amount of Rp200,000,000. He will repay the loan every year for 5 years. The bank where Dinda borrows money has an annual interest rate of 9% which is compounded every 2 months. How much does Dinda have to pay in total each year? B. At the end of the third year. The bank where Dinda borrows has a policy change where the interest rate on the loan per year changes to 7% which is compounded every month. If Dinda wants to apply the new regulation to the repayment of her loan, she must pay a refinancing fee of 2% of the initial loan amount. Should Dinda continue to implement the original plan, or take advantage of the new regulations?
In order to calculate the total amount Dinda has to pay each year, we need to use the formula for compound interest:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt), where A is the final amount, P is the principal amount, r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of times interest is compounded per year, and t is the number of years.
A. To find the total amount Dinda has to pay each year, we need to calculate the future value of the loan amount after 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, and 5 years, respectively.
1. After 1 year: A = 200,000,000(1 + 0.09/6)^(6*1) = 200,000,000(1 + 0.015)^(6) ≈ 200,000,000(1.015)^(6) ≈ 228,309,686.61.
2. After 2 years: A = 200,000,000(1 + 0.09/6)^(6*2) ≈ 200,000,000(1.015)^(12) ≈ 259,438,256.41.
3. After 3 years: A = 200,000,000(1 + 0.09/6)^(6*3) ≈ 200,000,000(1.015)^(18) ≈ 295,368,047.84.
4. After 4 years: A = 200,000,000(1 + 0.09/6)^(6*4) ≈ 200,000,000(1.015)^(24) ≈ 336,406,777.77.
5. After 5 years: A = 200,000,000(1 + 0.09/6)^(6*5) ≈ 200,000,000(1.015)^(30) ≈ 383,958,664.06.
Therefore, Dinda has to pay approximately Rp228,309,686.61 in the first year, Rp31,128,569.80 in the second year, Rp35,929,791.43 in the third year, Rp41,048,729.93 in the fourth year, and Rp46,551,886.29 in the fifth year.
B. If Dinda wants to apply the new regulation, she would need to pay a refinancing fee of 2% of the initial loan amount, which is Rp200,000,000 * 0.02 = Rp4,000,000.
Comparing the two options, Dinda should calculate the total amount she would have to pay if she continues with the original plan for the remaining 2 years, and compare it with the new regulation option. If the new regulation option results in a lower total payment, she should take advantage of it. Otherwise, she should continue with the original plan.
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According to a report prepared by the Information and Communications Technology Council (ICTC) called The Next Talent Wave: Navigating the Digital Shift—Outlook 2021 (ICTC, 2017) several transformative technologies are affecting business in Canada.
These technologies include:
blockchain
artificial intelligence (AI)
data analytics
cloud technologies
Research one of these topics. Use sources from within the last five years to inform your understanding of the topic.
In a report address the following questions:
Using the example of eHermes from the beginning of Part 1 in the Experiencing MIS textbook, describe the uses of this technology in the context of management information systems for eHermes. How can it be applied to the management functions of the organization?
Define and give a description of your chosen technology. What are some specific applications of this technology? Give examples of products such as software, platforms, hardware or services that utilize this technology in relation to management information systems.
What problems does this technology address?
What are potential drawbacks, limitations or negative issues associated with this technology?
Write a report in Microsoft Word that includes the following:
· Title page
· Table of contents
· Introduction
· How you gathered information
· A description of the technology in relation to management information systems
· Problems the technology can potentially address
· The potential limitations of the technology
· A conclusion
· References
The report should be approximately 1500 words, not including Title page, Table of contents and References. Use the formatting set out in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th edition) (ISBN 13: 978-1433832161; ISBN 10: 143383216X).
Cite any sources used.
In the contemporary business environment, there are several transformative technologies that have an impact on businesses in Canada. Some of these technologies are blockchain, artificial intelligence, data analytics, and cloud technologies.
Data analytics can be used to identify patterns that may indicate fraudulent activity. For instance, data analytics can be used to identify transactions that are outside the norm or transactions that occur at unusual times.Data analytics has several potential drawbacks and limitations. One of the potential drawbacks of data analytics is that it can be expensive to implement. Data analytics requires sophisticated software and hardware, and it can be expensive to train employees to use this software.
Another potential drawback of data analytics is that it can be time-consuming. Data analytics requires a significant amount of data to be analyzed, and it can be time-consuming to analyze this data. Data analytics can also be limited by the quality of the data that is being analyzed. If the data is incomplete or inaccurate, the insights that are derived from data analytics may not be reliable.In conclusion, data analytics is a crucial tool for modern businesses.
As such, businesses need to evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of data analytics before implementing this technology into their business processes.
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Suppose that the required reserve is $400 billion, excess reserve is $500 billion, currency in
circulation is $2000 billion, and the currency ratio is 0.5.
(a) Calculate the money supply, and the money multiplier.
(b) Suppose the central bank conducts an open market purchase of $500 billion of bonds
from commercial banks. Assuming the ratios you calculated in part (a) remain the same, predict the
change of the money supply, and the resulting money supply in the market after the purchase.
(c) Can the money multiplier value be less than 1? Explain your answer.
(d) In March 2020, the Fed removed reserve requirements for all U.S. banks (0%). What
is the main reason behind the Fed’s decision? Explain using the money multiplier.
a)Money Supply = $2900 billion, Money multiplier = 2. (b) Change in Money Supply = $500 billion and resulting money supply = $3400 billion (c) No, it cannot be. (d) Provide greater flexibility and liquidity to the banking system.
(a) Currency in Circulation = $2000 billion
Deposits = Money Supply - Currency in Circulation
Deposits = Money Supply - $2000 billion
Excess Reserves = Deposits - Required Reserves
$500 billion = Deposits - $400 billion
Deposits = $500 billion + $400 billion
Deposits = $900 billion
Money Supply = Currency in Circulation + Deposits
Money Supply = $2000 billion + $900 billion
Money Supply = $2900 billion
Thus, the money supply is $2900 billion.
Money Multiplier = 1 / Reserve Ratio
Reserve Ratio = 1 - Currency Ratio
Reserve Ratio = 1 - 0.5
Reserve Ratio = 0.5
Money Multiplier = 1 / Reserve Ratio
Money Multiplier = 1 / 0.5
Money Multiplier = 2
(b) Change in Money Supply = Change in Excess Reserves
Change in Money Supply = $500 billion
The resulting money supply after the purchase would be:
Money Supply = Initial Money Supply + Change in Money Supply
Money Supply = $2900 billion + $500 billion
Money Supply = $3400 billion
Thus, the resulting money supply in the market after the purchase would be $3400 billion.
(c) The money multiplier value cannot be less than 1. The money multiplier represents the relationship between the change in the money supply and the change in the monetary base (such as excess reserves).
If the money multiplier is less than 1, it would mean that the change in the monetary base leads to a smaller change in the money supply, which is not how the multiplier process typically operates.
(d) The Federal Reserve's decision to remove reserve requirements for all U.S. banks in March 2020 aimed to provide flexibility and liquidity to the banking system.
It allows banks to have more freedom in lending and managing their balance sheets. With a 0% reserve requirement, the money multiplier becomes infinite, enabling banks to expand lending activities without reserve constraints.
Thus, this change increases the potential money supply in the economy, enhancing the effectiveness of monetary policy and promoting economic growth.
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Lxpenditure Please Draw the full expenditure model bellow filling in all the amounts Expenditure
Unfortunately, your question seems to be incomplete. It is not clear what type of expenditure model you are referring to, or what specific amounts need to be filled in.
Please provide more information or context so that I can assist you better. Additionally.
if you have a specific question related to an expenditure model, feel free to ask it and I will do my best to provide a helpful response.
Remember to include all necessary information in your question to ensure that I can provide a complete and accurate answer.
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Consider That 2 Agents Make Up The Demand Side Of A Market. Person A's Marginal Benefits Are MBA = 60 - 0.25QA, And Person B's Marginal Benefits Are MB = 60 - QB. Find And Graph The Equation For Market-Level Marginal Benefits. (B) Consider That 2 Agents Make Up The Supply Side Of A Market. Producer 1 'S Marginalcost Is MC, = 5 + 0.5Q1, And Producer 2'S
(a) Consider that 2 agents make up the demand side of a market. Person A's marginal benefits are MBA = 60 - 0.25QA, and person B's marginal benefits are MB = 60 - QB. Find and graph the equation for market-level marginal benefits. (b) Consider that 2 agents make up the supply side of a market. Producer 1 's marginalcost is MC, = 5 + 0.5Q1, and producer 2's marginal cost is MC2 = 5 + Q. Find and graph the equation for market-level marginal cost. (c) Consider that 3 agents make up the supply side of a market. Producer 1's marginal cost is MG, = 3 + 0.3Q1, and producer 2's marginal cost is MC2 = 4 + 0.6Qz, and producer 3's marginal cost is MC,=1 + 0.103. Find and graph the equation for market-level marginal cost.
Find and graph the equation for market-level marginal benefits. The formula for market-level marginal benefits is MB = 60 - QB - QA. The market-level marginal benefits can be calculated by adding the individual marginal benefits of Person A and Person B.
The equation will be: MB = MBA + MBBMBA = 60 - 0.25QA and MBB = 60 - QB. Summing the two equations we have: MB = 60 - 0.25QA + 60 - QBMB = 120 - 0.25QA - QB, Now the graph for this equation will be as follows: Figure : Market-level marginal benefits(b) Find and graph the equation for market-level marginal cost The formula for market-level marginal cost is MC = MC1 + MC2. The market-level marginal cost can be calculated by adding the individual marginal cost of Producer 1 and Producer 2. The equation will be:MC1 = 5 + 0.5Q1 and MC2 = 5 + Q. Summing the two equations we have: MC = 5 + 0.5Q1 + 5 + QMC = 10 + 1.5QNow the graph for this equation will be as follows: Figure : Market-level marginal cost(c) Find and graph the equation for market-level marginal cost.
The formula for market-level marginal cost is MC = MC1 + MC2 + MC3. The market-level marginal cost can be calculated by adding the individual marginal cost of Producer 1, Producer 2 and Producer 3.
MC1 = 3 + 0.3Q1, MC2 = 4 + 0.6Q2 and MC3 = 1 + 0.103Q3
MC = 3 + 0.3Q1 + 4 + 0.6Q2 + 1 + 0.103Q3MC = 8 + 0.3Q1 + 0.6Q2 + 0.103Q3
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1. You are an operation manager in shoe manufacturing, and your boss requests you to have the analysis for expanding. Please discuss the role of logistics variables in the decision as to where to locate a plant or distribution center?
In today’s business environment, traditional brick-and-mortar retailers are turning to the Internet to provide customers with alternatives to purchase products. The clear trend is that omnichannel is popular for retailers, please identify what is omnichannel? how is it different from a typical retail channel? You can name one or two companies that play an important role in omnichannel networks.
You are a sourcing manager in power equipment manufacturing, currently, you have one project to do the second source For customized cables, please explain what criteria are commonly used in this selection process? Which criteria should be given the highest priority? Why?
As an operations manager in the shoe manufacturing business, it is essential to consider logistics variables when analyzing the expansion process.
Omni-channel is a term used in retail that refers to the use of multiple channels to reach customers. These channels include online stores, brick-and-mortar stores, mobile apps, and social media platforms. The difference between a typical retail channel and an omnichannel is that the former usually only involves a physical store, while the latter involves multiple channels.
In the selection process for customized cables, there are several criteria that are commonly used. These criteria include the quality of the cable, price, delivery time, supplier's reputation, and technical support. The criteria that should be given the highest priority is the quality of the cable. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the cable is of the highest quality possible.
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The Harry and Belinda Johnson Family Might Have a Career Change
Harry has started out fine in his career as his responsibilities have increased since he began working there about five years ago. Belinda recently attended a conference for those in her stock brokerage field and by chance she dropped in at the "career search" room. She saw job opportunities there that fit her skill set that offered salaries of $81,000 to $83,000 in nearby Parkville, Missouri, only about a 30-minute commute away.
If a new employer offered Belinda $83,000 to move and the relative cost index for the new community was 119, how does that compare to her current salary of $80,000 in Kansas City assuming the index in the latter is 124? Round your answer to nearest whole dollar.
Parkville salary of $83,000 is equal to $ in buying power in Kansas City.
Do you think she should take the new job?
The Parkville salary as adjusted -Select-falls belowrises aboveItem 2 the Kansas City salary so she -Select-shouldshould notItem 3 take the new job.
Belinda's new salary in terms of buying power in Kansas City is $86,066.39.
The new salary of Belinda offered by the new employer in Parkville, Missouri = $83,000The relative cost index for the new community = 119The current salary of Belinda in Kansas City = $80,000
The relative cost index for Kansas City = 124
To calculate Belinda's new salary in terms of buying power in Kansas City:
The formula used to calculate new salary is: New Salary in old city = (New Salary in a new city / Relative Cost Index of the new city) × Relative Cost Index of the old city
New Salary in old city = ($83,000 / 119) × 124 = $86, 066.39
Therefore, This salary is higher than her current salary of $80,000 so she should take the new job.
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Explain what is meant by "sufficient appropriate audit evidence" and describe four factors that affect the reliability of audit evidence.
The reliability of audit evidence is influenced by the nature, source, timeliness, and objectivity of the evidence. Collecting sufficient and appropriate audit evidence is crucial to support the auditor's opinion.
Sufficient and appropriate audit evidence refers to evidence that is both enough in quantity and relevant in quality to support the audit opinion. The reliability of audit evidence can be influenced by several factors, which are briefly explained below:
Nature of Evidence:
The type of evidence chosen by the auditor depends on the nature of the financial statement item being examined. For example, when verifying accounts payable, the auditor would prefer documentary evidence (such as invoices and payment receipts) rather than relying solely on verbal confirmations from the vendor.
Source of Evidence:
The origin of the evidence can impact its reliability. Evidence generated within the client's organization and not available to external parties may be considered less reliable. On the other hand, evidence obtained from independent external sources, such as bank statements or third-party confirmations, is generally considered more reliable.
Timeliness of Evidence:
Audit evidence obtained in a timely manner is more reliable than evidence collected at the end of the reporting period. Timely evidence allows the auditor to identify and address any issues promptly, reducing the risk of errors or omissions going unnoticed.
Objectivity of Evidence:
Objective evidence is generally more reliable than subjective evidence, as subjective evidence is open to interpretation. Audit evidence should be free from bias or external influence. For example, an invoice prepared by a vendor is considered more objective evidence compared to a client's internal record of the same invoice.
To summarize, the reliability of audit evidence is influenced by the nature, source, timeliness, and objectivity of the evidence. Collecting sufficient and appropriate audit evidence is crucial to support the auditor's opinion.
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Read the paragraph below, taken from full an article from The Star, 29 March 2014. Is the MIA's latest report a clear snapshot of audit quality in Malaysia? It's easy to be sceptical about self-assessment exercises. How many people can be wholly critical and objective when evaluating what they see in the mirror? And surely fewer still are secure and honest enough to share the full results with the rest of the world. So how should we view the Practice Review Report released this week by the Malaysian Institute of Accountant (MIA)? The tricky element here is that the institute is a regulator as well as a professional body. Is the report an authoritative, warts-and-all survey of the profession that the institute oversees, or is it something that promotes the interests of MIA members? Then again, these objectives don't have to be mutually exclusive. When steps are taken to elevate the standards of the profession-starting with identification of problems - the accountants have much to gain. In his message in the report, MIA president Johan Idris (who also chairs the institute's Practice Review Committee) wrote, "The findings of practice review have significant educational content and are beneficial to practitioners. They serve to guide our practitioners in training their staff and alerting them to many pitfalls that may derail them in the course of carrying out the policies and procedures of the firm." The institute's media release expanded this point: "This quality assessment programme will drive consistency and raise the bar on audit quality, thereby underpinning public confidence in the accountancy profession." Required: Who are the responsible parties that involved with the practice review and why? (i) (ii) (iii) What is the objective of practice review? Findings from practice review are beneficial to practitioners. How do you think practitioner may benefit from it? (vi) Identify at least three (3) challenges audit firms faced in practicing audits in Malaysia and solutions to the challenges. (Total: 15 marks) (Total Question 1: 35 marks)
(i) The Malaysian Institute of Accountants (MIA) and the Practice Review Committee are responsible for conducting the practice review.
(ii) The objective of the practice review is to identify problems and issues in the accounting profession and to promote consistency in the quality of audits. The quality assessment program drives consistency and raises the bar on audit quality, thereby underpinning public confidence in the accountancy profession.
(iii) The findings from the practice review are beneficial to practitioners. They serve as a guide for practitioners to train their staff and alert them to many pitfalls that may derail them in the course of carrying out the policies and procedures of the firm. It helps practitioners to improve their quality of work and to maintain their professional skills and knowledge.
(vi) Three challenges audit firms faced in practicing audits in Malaysia and solutions to the challenges are:
Lack of technical skills and knowledge: The lack of technical skills and knowledge can be solved by providing training and education to the employees. The audit firms can also hire experienced and knowledgeable professionals to guide and mentor the employees.Time constraints: The time constraints can be addressed by planning and scheduling the audits effectively. Audit firms can use technology and software tools to automate the audit process, which will save time and increase productivity.Pressure from clients: The pressure from clients can be handled by maintaining independence and objectivity in the audit process. Audit firms should have clear policies and procedures in place to deal with such situations. They should communicate effectively with their clients and manage their expectations to ensure a smooth audit process.Learn more about audits:
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As a Marketing company
What are your organizational leadership structure and governance structure?
What structures and mechanisms make up your organization’s leadership system?
What are the reporting relationships among your governance board, senior leaders, and parent organization as appropriate?
As a marketing company, our organizational leadership structure includes a hierarchical model with several departments, each with their own managers. The departments include Sales, Marketing, Creative, Production, and Finance.
The Sales and Marketing departments work together to generate leads and promote our services to potential clients. The Creative department works to design and create advertising campaigns for our clients, while the Production department ensures the campaigns are executed flawlessly. The Finance department handles all financial matters, such as budgeting and financial reporting.Our governance structure includes a board of directors that oversees the company's strategic direction and ensures that the company operates within legal and ethical guidelines. The board of directors is responsible for appointing senior leaders, including the CEO, who is responsible for the day-to-day operations of the company. The CEO works closely with the senior leadership team, which includes the heads of each department, to ensure that the company is meeting its goals and objectives. The senior leadership team reports directly to the CEO, who then reports to the board of directors. This reporting relationship ensures that the board is aware of the company's operations and that the senior leadership team is accountable for their performance.
Overall, our organizational leadership and governance structures are designed to ensure that we operate efficiently and effectively while maintaining the highest standards of ethical and legal conduct. We believe that by having a clear structure and reporting relationships, we can better serve our clients and achieve our goals as a company.
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Should the law allow an employer to fire an employee without a good reason? Conduct research to provide examples to support your position and use your own personal employment experiences when possible. Have you observed situations where an employee was fired? Did the employer give a reason? Do you believe the employer’s actions were legal?
The employment at will doctrine implies that an employer can terminate an employee for any reason, but there are exceptions. Employers should not be permitted to dismiss an employee without any good reason because it can cause great harm to the employee, particularly if the dismissal occurs suddenly.
A sudden termination may leave an employee with no means of supporting themselves and their family. Employees have the right to a fair dismissal procedure that allows them to contest their termination if they believe they were unfairly treated. Employees who are dismissed without any good reason or explanation may experience emotional stress, which can impact their ability to secure future employment.
Contrary to popular belief, employers must provide a valid reason for terminating an employee. If they cannot offer a reason, the termination is not lawful. Employers may dismiss an employee for any of the following reasons: poor performance, redundancy, theft, insubordination, and so on. If an employer terminates an employee for a good cause, they should be able to demonstrate it.
The following is a personal experience.
One of my colleagues was fired from our company after being caught stealing goods from the company's store. The employer was obligated to dismiss him since stealing is considered a crime. As a result, the employer's actions were legal and reasonable. The firing of an employee without a good reason is not justified under any circumstances. It is critical for employers to adhere to fair dismissal procedures and to provide clear reasons for terminating employees.
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A company has $1,350 in inventory, $4,791 in net fixed assets, $640 in accounts receivable, $282 in cash, $594 in accounts payable, $991 in long-term debt, and $5,386 in equity. What are the company's total assets? Multiple Choice $7,063 $8,052 $7.657 $12,449
The company's total assets are $7,063. In this case option A is correct
To calculate the total assets of the company, you need to sum up all the individual asset values.
Given:
Inventory = $1,350
Net fixed assets = $4,791
Accounts receivable = $640
Cash = $282
Total current assets = Inventory + Accounts receivable + Cash
Total current assets = $1,350 + $640 + $282
Total current assets = $2,272
Total assets = Total current assets + Net fixed assets
Total assets = $2,272 + $4,791
Total assets = $7,063
Therefore, the company's total assets are $7,063.
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The plant capacities and customer orders are as follows. (a) Develop a network model and a linear programming formulation of this problem. (i) network model (Submit a file with a maximum size of 1 MB.) Choose File no file selected This answer has not been graded yet. Use index number 5 for this type of node. Enter "DNE" in any unused answer blanks.) Max xij≥0 for all i,j (b) How many units should each plant produce for each customer to maximize profits? xjj≥0 for all i,j. (b) How many units should each plant produce for each customer to maximize profits? Optimal Solution (c) Which customer demands will not be met? Distributor 1 will have a shortfall of units. Distributor 2 will have a shortfall of units. Distributor 3 will have a shortfall of units. Distributor 4 will have a shortfall of units.
(a) The network model is formulated as a linear programming problem with the objective function and constraints.
(b) To maximize profit, the optimal production quantities for each plant and distributor combination are provided.
(c) The customer demands that will not be met are specified for each distributor.
(a) Network Model: Linear Programming Formulation:
Maximize Z = 29x11 + 30x12 + 28x13 + 23x14 + 26x21 + 28x22 + 25x23 + 22x24 + 30x31 + 32x32 + 30x33 + 25x34 + 21x41 + 24x42 + 22x43 + 23x44
Subject to:
x11 + x12 + x13 + x14 ≤ 40
x21 + x22 + x23 + x24 ≤ 30
x31 + x32 + x33 + x34 ≤ 25
x41 + x42 + x43 + x44 ≤ 20
x11 + x21 + x31 + x41 ≥ 20
x12 + x22 + x32 + x42 ≥ 15
x13 + x23 + x33 + x43 ≥ 25
x14 + x24 + x34 + x44 ≥ 15
xi,j ≥ 0
(b) To maximize profit, each plant must produce the following number of units for each customer:
2 units from Plant 1 to Distributor 1 and 4 units from Plant 2 to Distributor 1
2 units from Plant 1 to Distributor 2 and 3 units from Plant 2 to Distributor 2
3 units from Plant 1 to Distributor 3 and 4 units from Plant 2 to Distributor 3
4 units from Plant 1 to Distributor 4 and 1 unit from Plant 2 to Distributor 4
(c) The customer demands that will not be met are as follows:
Distributor 1 will have a shortfall of 2 units.
Distributor 2 will have a shortfall of 1 unit.
Distributor 3 will have a shortfall of 1 unit.
Distributor 4 will have a shortfall of 1 unit.
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Journalize the entries for October 31 and November 19. If an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank. b. What is the total amount invested (total paid-in capital) by all stockholders as of November 19 ?
Stockholders' capital, also known as shareholders' equity or owners' equity, refers to the portion of a company's total assets that is attributable to the shareholders or owners of the company. It represents the residual interest in the company's assets after deducting liabilities.
A. 2021-10-31 (October 31)
Cash = 160,000 shares x $11 per share = $1,760,000
Common Stock = 160,000 shares x $8 per share = $1,280,000
2021-11-19 (November 19)
Cash = 30,000 shares x $51 per share = $1,530,000
Preferred Stock = 30,000 shares x $15 per share = $450,000
B. b. Total amount invested by all the stockholders as of November 19 = Common stockholders' capital + Preferred stockholder's capital
= $1,760,000 + $1,530,000
= $3,290,000
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After training, Mary Fernandez, a computer technician, had an average observed time for memory-chip tests of 15 seconds. Mary's performance rating is 100%. The firm has a personal fatigue and delay allowance of 18%. a) The normal time for this process = seconds (round your response to two decimal places). b) The standard time for this process = seconds (round your response to two decimal places).
The firm has a personal fatigue and delay allowance of 18%. After training, Mary Fernandez, a computer technician, had an average observed time for memory-chip tests of 15 seconds, and her performance rating is 100%.
Normal Time:Normal time refers to the expected or average time it would take to complete a task without taking into account any external factors like fatigue, distractions, delays, or disruptions.The Personal Fatigue and Delay Allowance formula is: Personal fatigue and delay allowance = Normal Time * % Fatigue and Delay AllowanceGiven the % Fatigue and Delay Allowance = 18%Normal Time = Observed time/ Performance rating= 15 / 1= 15 secondsFatigue and Delay Allowance = 15 * 18/100 = 2.7 secondsNormal time = Observed time + Personal fatigue and delay allowance= 15 + 2.7= 17.7 seconds.
Standard Time:Standard time refers to the ideal time it takes to complete a task. It includes personal fatigue and delay allowances, plus any other external factors that might affect task performance. The standard time formula is: Standard Time = Normal Time * Performance RatingThe Performance Rating = 100%Given the Normal Time = 17.7 secondsStandard Time = Normal Time * Performance rating= 17.7 * 100 / 100= 17.7 secondsTherefore, a) Normal Time = 17.7 seconds and b) Standard Time = 17.7 seconds.
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at
age 20 someone sets up an ira with an apr of 6 % at the end of each
minth he deposits 35 in the account. how much will the ita contain
when he retires at 65
The Individual Retirement Account IRA will contain $16,110.92 when the person retires at age 65,
The amount in the Individual Retirement Account (IRA) when the person retires at age 65 can be calculated using the formula for the future value of an annuity.
The formula is:
FV = PMT × [(1 + i)ⁿ - 1] / i
Where FV is the future value,
PMT is the periodic payment,
i is the interest rate per period, and
n is the number of periods.
In this case, PMT is $35,
i is 0.06 / 12 = 0.005,
and
n is 12 × (65 - 20) = 540.
FV = $35 × [(1 + 0.005)⁵⁴⁰ - 1] / 0.005
FV = $35 × 460.283
FV = $16,110.92
Therefore, the IRA will contain $16,110.92 when the person retires at age 65, assuming the monthly deposit of $35 and the annual percentage rate of 6% remains constant and there are no withdrawals.
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Article: Macon, Inc Author: Harold Kerzner Macon was a fifty-year-old company in the business of developing test equipment for the tyre industry. The company had a history of segregated departments with very focused functional line managers. The company had two major technical departments: mechanical engineering and electrical engineering. Both departments reported to a vice president for engineering, whose background was always mechanical engineering. For this reason, the company focused all projects from a mechanical engineering perspective. The significance of the test equipment's electrical control system was often minimized when, in reality, the electrical control systems were what made Macon's equipment outperform that of the competition. Because of the strong autonomy of the departments, internal competition existed. Line managers were frequently competing with one another rather than focusing on the best interest of Macon. Each would hope the other would be the cause for project delays instead of working together to avoid project delays altogether. Once dates slipped, fingers were pointed and the problem would worsen over time. One of Macon's customers had a service department that always blamed engineering for all of their problems. If the machine was not assembled correctly, it was engineering's fault for not documenting it clearly enough. If a component failed, it was engineering's fault for not designing it correctly. No matter what problem occurred in the field, customer service would always put the blame on engineering. As might be expected, engineering would blame most problems on production claiming that production did not assemble the equipment correctly and did not maintain the proper level of quality. Engineering would design a product and then throw it over the fence to production without ever going down to the manufacturing floor to help with its assembly. Errors or suggestions reported from production to engineering were being ignored. Engineers often perceived the assemblers as incapable of improving the design. Production ultimately assembled the product and shipped it out to the customer. Oftentimes during assembly, the production people would change the design as they saw fit without involving engineering. This would cause severe problems with documentation. Customer service would later inform engineering that the documentation was incorrect, once again causing conflict among all departments. The president of Macon was a strong believer in project management. Unfortunately, his preaching fell upon deaf ears. The culture was just too strong. Projects were failing miserably. Some failures were attributed to the lack of sponsorship or commitment from line managers. One project failed as the result of a project leader who failed to control scope. Each day the project would fall further behind because work was being added with very little regard for the project's completion date. Project estimates were based upon a "gut feel" rather than upon sound quantitative data. The delay in shipping dates was creating more and more frustration for the customers. The customers began assigning their own project managers as "watchdogs" to look out for their companies' best interests. The primary function of these "watchdog" project managers was to ensure that the equipment purchased would be delivered on time and complete. This involvement by the customers was becoming more prominent than ever before. The president decided that action was needed to achieve some degree of excellence in project management. The question was what action to take, and when. Source: Kerzner (2013) Answer ALL the questions in this section. Question 1 (10 Marks) Identify and analyse the main project scope and time management issues at Macon, Inc. Question 2 (20 Marks) What action would you advise the president to take to "achieve some degree of excellence in project management"?
Question 1: Identify and analyze the main project scope and time management issues at Macon, Inc. (10 Marks)
Answer:
Macon, Inc had several project scope and time management issues, which can be outlined as follows:
Scope management issues: Their project estimates were always based on a "gut feeling," rather than sound quantitative data. Their projects often failed as a result of a project leader who failed to control the project's scope. Projects had inadequate sponsorship and commitment from line managers. Time management issues:
Macon's customers began to assign their own project managers to act as "watchdogs" to ensure that the equipment purchased was delivered on time and complete. The delay in shipping dates caused increasing frustration for customers. Projects were delayed due to work being added with little regard for the project's completion date. Because of project delays, internal competition existed among line managers. Project delays were compounded by finger-pointing and a lack of cooperation between departments because of the company's segregated department structure.The strong autonomy of the departments resulted in engineers blaming production and vice versa. Production often changed the design as they saw fit during assembly, causing severe documentation issues.
Question 2:
What action would you advise the president to take to "achieve some degree of excellence in project management"?
(20 Marks)
Answer:
To achieve some degree of excellence in project management, the president of Macon, Inc. should consider the following:
He should introduce a project management office (PMO) to improve project management discipline throughout the company. The PMO should develop and introduce a project management framework to manage projects consistently across the organization. The PMO should conduct project management training to provide a common understanding of project management and tools to everyone involved in a project. The PMO should establish project management metrics to measure project performance and drive continuous improvement. The PMO should ensure that projects are selected based on a sound business case and alignment with the company's strategic goals.
The PMO should establish a governance structure to provide senior management with visibility and oversight of projects. The PMO should introduce a project portfolio management (PPM) approach to manage project demand and resource constraints.
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An $ 18,000 mortgage on which 8 percent interest is paid , compounded monthly , is to be paid off in 15 years in equal monthly installments . What is the total amount of interest paid during the life of this mortgage ?
The total amount of interest paid during the life of this mortgage is $30,884.4.
Given data:
Mortgage = $18000
Rate of interest = 8%
Time = 15 years
Now, we need to find the total amount of interest paid during the life of this mortgage.
In order to find the total amount of interest, we need to first calculate the monthly payment using the formula of the present value of an annuity.
Present value of an annuity formula is given by:
PMT = (PV * r) / [1 - (1 + r)^(-n)]
Where,
PV = Present Value or Principal
r = Rate of interest per period
n = Total number of periods
PMT = Payment per period
Substituting the values, we get:
PMT = (18000 * 0.08/12) / [1 - (1 + 0.08/12)^(-15*12)]
On solving this equation, we get PMT = $171.58 (approx)
Therefore, the monthly payment is $171.58.
Now, we can find the total amount of interest paid by multiplying the monthly payment by the number of payments and then subtracting the principal amount.
Total amount of interest paid = (Number of payments * Payment per period) - Principal amount
Number of payments = 15 * 12
= 180
Hence,Total amount of interest paid
= (180 * 171.58) - 18000
= $30,884.4
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Cabi is a women's fashion clothing brand based in Los Angeles, California. Cabi's design team in Los Angeles creates its fashion line sixteen months to two years in advance. The design team selects fabrics and other details to create the clothes. Cabi then hires manufacturers in China to produce the items according to the specifications. Once completed, the garments are shipped to California on container ships that take up to two months in transit. It's a complex process but one that enables Cabi to control costs. Which method is Cabi using to engage in global marketing? a. Joint venture b. Contract manufacturing c. Licensing d. Franchisin
The method Cabi is using to engage in global marketing is called- B. contract manufacturing.
What is it?Contract manufacturing is a process whereby one company provides raw materials or components to another company for the production of finished goods. Cabi selects manufacturers in China to produce the clothing line according to the specifications provided by the design team in Los Angeles, California. It is cost-effective for Cabi to use contract manufacturing because the production costs are low due to low labor costs in China and also because Cabi can focus on designing and marketing the clothes.Cabi is able to control the manufacturing process, maintain quality control, and keep costs low while leveraging its expertise in design and marketing.The manufacturer, on the other hand, gains a stable source of income and access to new markets.
Hence, option b. is correct.
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What is a WBS, and what is the underlying philosophy (or thought paradigm) that justifies the approach? Please list three best practices for developing a WBS. What are some common mistakes people make in creating a WBS?
A work breakdown structure (WBS) is a visual, hierarchical decomposition of a project into smaller, more manageable parts. The WBS is a valuable project planning tool that helps project managers and other stakeholders understand the scope of a project, assign responsibilities, and estimate resource requirements.
The following is the philosophy behind WBS and best practices for creating a WBS.
Philosophy behind WBS
The underlying philosophy of the WBS is that by breaking a project down into smaller, more manageable pieces, it is easier to plan, control, and track. It is based on the principle that it is simpler to manage small components than it is to manage a large, complex project as a whole.
Best practices for creating a WBS
1. Start with the end in mind - Identify the end product and then work backward to identify the components needed to achieve that goal.
2. Use a visual approach - Use graphics, charts, and diagrams to convey the breakdown structure, which will make it easier to understand and communicate.
Common mistakes in creating a WBS
1. Lack of detail - The WBS should be detailed enough to identify all components of the project.
2. Inaccurate decomposition - When decomposing the project, make sure each level is distinct and exclusive, and nothing is missed.
The WBS establishes the framework for project planning and control and enables the identification of tasks and resources required to complete each element of the project.
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Define the term "Governance" and explain how global economic
governance has evolved since
the 1945?
Governance refers to the processes and structures through which decisions are made and implemented in a group or organization. It encompasses the establishment of policies, regulations, and guidelines that guide the behavior of individuals and ensure accountability.
Since 1945, global economic governance has evolved significantly. Here is the main answer with an explanation:
1. Post-World War II: The establishment of the Bretton Woods institutions, such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, marked the beginning of global economic governance. These institutions were created to promote economic stability and development through international cooperation.
2. Decolonization and the rise of new states: As more countries gained independence, they became members of global economic governance institutions. This led to a more inclusive and diverse global economic governance system.
3. Expansion of trade: The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which later became the World Trade Organization (WTO), was established to promote global trade and reduce barriers. This brought about a shift towards more trade-oriented global economic governance.
4. Financial crises and reforms: The 1970s and 1980s witnessed various financial crises, leading to the development of new mechanisms for financial governance. This includes the creation of the Financial Stability Board (FSB) and increased regulation of global financial markets.
5. Regional integration: The formation of regional economic organizations, such as the European Union and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), has led to the emergence of regional economic governance structures alongside global ones.
6. The rise of emerging economies: With the increasing economic power of countries like China, India, and Brazil, there has been a call for a more representative and equitable global economic governance system. This has led to efforts to reform existing institutions and give emerging economies a greater voice.
In summary, global economic governance has evolved since 1945 through the establishment of international institutions, expansion of trade, financial crises and reforms, regional integration, and the rise of emerging economies. These changes have aimed to promote stability, development, and inclusiveness in the global economy.
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A $6000 bond that pays 7% semi-annually is redeemable at par in 20 years. Calculate the purchase price if it is sold to yield 5% compounded semi-annually (Purchase price of a bond is equal to the present value of the redemption price plus the present value of the interest payments). RICE
The purchase price of the bond is $1,673.91. Redemption value = $6000Rate = 7% compounded semi-annuallyPurchase price = ?N = 20 semi-annual periodsYTM = 5% compounded semi-annuallySemi-annual coupon payment = 7% / 2 = 3.5%
The present value of an ordinary annuity is given by the formula: PV = R x [(1 - (1 + i)^-n) / i],Where R = cash flowi = interest raten = number of periods. PV = 3.5 x [(1 - (1 + 0.05/2)^-40) / (0.05/2)]PV = $70.4462. The present value of the face value is given by the formula: PV = FV / (1 + i)nWhere FV = face valuePV = present valuei = interest raten = number of periodsPV = 6000 / (1 + 0.05/2)^40PV = $1,603.46
The purchase price of the bond is equal to the present value of the future interest payments plus the present value of the face value.Purchase price = PV of face value + PV of the interest paymentsPurchase price = $1,603.46 + $70.4462Purchase price = $1,673.91Therefore, the purchase price of the bond is $1,673.91.
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If you buy stock for $10,000 and later sell it for $5,500 during 2021 and you have no further capital gains or losses, how much can you claim as capital losses on your future tax returns?
A. $4,500 of capital losses can be claimed on your 2021 tax return
B. $3,000 of capital losses can be claimed on your 2021 tax return and nothing on future tax returns
C. Capital losses cannot be claimed on tax returns
D. $3,000 of capital losses can be claimed on your 2021 tax return and $1,500 can be claimed on your 2022 tax return
Therefore, the correct answer is option B. $3,000 of capital losses can be claimed on your 2021 tax return and nothing on future tax returns.
According to the information provided, if you buy stock for $10,000 and later sell it for $5,500 during 2021 with no further capital gains or losses, you can claim capital losses on your future tax returns.
The maximum amount that can be claimed as capital losses on your tax returns is $3,000 per year. Option B states that $3,000 of capital losses can be claimed on your 2021 tax return and nothing on future tax returns. This is the correct answer.
The remaining loss of $4,500 ($10,000 - $5,500) cannot be claimed on your 2021 tax return, as the maximum deduction is limited to $3,000 per year. However, the unused portion of the capital loss can be carried forward to future tax years.
Therefore, you would be able to claim $3,000 of capital losses on your 2021 tax return, and the remaining $1,500 of the loss can be carried forward to future tax years. It is important to note that the specific rules and limitations for capital loss carryforwards may vary depending on your jurisdiction, so it is advisable to consult with a tax professional or refer to the tax regulations applicable to your situation to ensure accurate reporting.
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1. Nieman and Garcia are partners with capital balances of $24,000 and $36,000 respectively. Vegas purchases one-half of Garcia’s interest for $20,000. Show the necessary journal entry to admit Vegas into the partnership. Account Debit Credit
2. Johnson and Morikawa are partners with capital balances of $96,000 and $72,000 respectively. Hagen purchases one-fourth of Johnson’s interest for $30,000 and one-fourth of Morikawas’ interest for 20,000. Show the necessary journal entry to admit Hagen into the partnership. Account Debit Credit
3. Woods, Nicklaus, and Player are partners with capital balances of $200,000, $150,000, and $100,000 respectively. Woods sells his entire interest to Nicklaus (50%) and Player (50%). In return, Nicklaus and Player pay Woods $150,000 each. Show the necessary journal entry for the withdrawal of Woods from the partnership. Account Debit Credit
4. Rawls, Webb, and Inkster are partners with capital balances of $100,000, $80,000and $60,000 respectively. Inkster sells her entire interest to Rawls for $75,000. Show the necessary journal entry for the withdrawal of Inkster from the partnership. Account Debit Credit
1. Nieman and Garcia are partners with capital balances of $24,000 and $36,000 respectively. Vegas purchases one-half of Garcia’s interest for $20,000. Show the necessary journal entry to admit Vegas into the partnership. Account Debit Credit
Vegas capital share: $18,000 ($36,000 ÷ 2)
Garcia new capital share: $18,000 ($36,000 ÷ 2)
Garcia, Capital ($36,000) - $18,000
Vegas, Capital - $18,000
Cash - $20,000
2. Johnson and Morikawa are partners with capital balances of $96,000 and $72,000 respectively. Hagen purchases one-fourth of Johnson’s interest for $30,000 and one-fourth of Morikawas’ interest for $20,000. Show the necessary journal entry to admit Hagen into the partnership. Account Debit Credit
Johnson new capital share: $72,000 × 3/4 = $54,000
Morikawa new capital share: $54,000 × 3/4 = $40,500
Hagen capital share: $37,500 ($30,000 + $20,000/2)
Johnson, Capital - $18,000
Morikawa, Capital - $13,500
Cash - $50,000
Hagen, Capital - $37,500
3. Woods, Nicklaus, and Player are partners with capital balances of $200,000, $150,000, and $100,000 respectively. Woods sells his entire interest to Nicklaus (50%) and Player (50%). In return, Nicklaus and Player pay Woods $150,000 each. Show the necessary journal entry for the withdrawal of Woods from the partnership. Account Debit Credit
Cash - $300,000
Nicklaus, Capital - $100,000
Player, Capital - $100,000
Woods, Capital - $200,000
4. Rawls, Webb, and Inkster are partners with capital balances of $100,000, $80,000, and $60,000 respectively. Inkster sells her entire interest to Rawls for $75,000. Show the necessary journal entry for the withdrawal of Inkster from the partnership. Account Debit Credit
Cash - $75,000
Rawls, Capital - $135,000 ($100,000 + $75,000)
Inkster, Capital - $0
Goodwill - $20,000 ($135,000 - $100,000 - $75,000)
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In analyzing the threat from potential competition, one needs to consider: Select one: a. both potential entry and exit barriers. b. potential entry barriers. c. potential exit barriers. In , a firm focuses on understanding its competencies and resources vis-à-vis its Select one: a. external analysis; clients b. strategic delivery; clients c. strategic delivery; customers d. internal analysis; competitors
The answer to the first question is "b. potential entry barriers".The answer to the second question is "d. internal analysis; competitors".
1. In analyzing the threat from potential competition, one needs to consider: Potential entry barriers are considered in analyzing the threat from potential competition. Entry barriers may come in many forms such as economies of scale, patents and trademarks, government regulations, and exclusive contracts that keep potential competitors from entering the market. Hence, option b. is the correct answer.
2. In , a firm focuses on understanding its competencies and resources vis-à-vis its Internal analysis; competitors are focused on understanding a company's competencies and resources vis-à-vis its competitors. It is an internal evaluation of a firm's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
The evaluation is usually focused on the resources, personnel, technology, and other attributes that give the firm a competitive advantage over its competitors. Hence, option d. is the correct answer.
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Is Purchasing a key component of SCM, or is it the other way around?
Purchasing is a key component of Supply Chain Management (SCM). Supply Chain Management encompasses the end-to-end coordination and integration of various activities involved in delivering products or services to customers. Purchasing, on the other hand, focuses specifically on the acquisition of goods or services from external suppliers.
Purchasing plays a vital role within SCM as it involves activities such as supplier selection, negotiation, order placement, and managing supplier relationships. It is responsible for ensuring that the right materials or services are procured at the right time, in the right quantities, and at the right cost.
Effective purchasing practices are essential for optimizing the overall supply chain performance. By strategically managing the purchasing function, organizations can achieve cost savings, ensure timely availability of materials, maintain quality standards, and mitigate risks associated with the supply of goods or services.
Therefore, while purchasing is a key component of SCM, it is just one part of the broader supply chain management framework that encompasses other functions such as logistics, inventory management, demand planning, and customer relationship management.
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