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You are conducting a calorimetry experiment using a calorimeter with 500 mL of water in its outer chamber to determine the enthalpy of reaction of a chemical reaction. The initial temperature of the water was 25 °C. After the reaction, the temperature of the water was 57.4 °C. Disregarding any heat loss to the walls of the container, calculate the Hf). (The specific heat of the water is 4.18 J / (g⋅K).

Answer: 10.06 g

Explanation:

PV = nRT,

substitute the values into the equation

At STP, pressure (P) is 1 atm and temperature (T) is 273 K. The value of R is 0.0821 L*atm/mol*K.

PV = nRT

(1 atm) (15.9 L) = n (0.0821 L•atm/mol•K) (273 K)

solve for n

n = (1 atm x 15.9 L) / (0.0821 L•atm/mol•K x 273 K)

n = 0.627 moles of methane

caluclate using its molar mass

mass = n * molar mass

mass = 0.627 mol x 16.04 g/mol

mass = 10.06 g

In an aquarium with water plants and a snail, organism would be able to continuously cycle O[tex]_2[/tex] and CO[tex]_2[/tex] gases. Therefore, the correct option is option B.

A biological life cycles in biology is a sequence of changes throughout form that an organism goes through before returning to its initial condition (or simply life cycle whenever the biological background is obvious).

Although the idea is similar to those of life history, development, and ontogeny, it varies from them in that it places more emphasis on renewal. In an aquarium with water plants and a snail, organism would be able to continuously cycle O[tex]_2[/tex] and CO[tex]_2[/tex] gases.

Therefore, the correct option is option B.

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The Lewis dot structure of water and ethanol are attached in the images below with hydrogen being positive and oxygen negative in water and ethyl part positive and hydroxyl part negative in ethanol.

Lewis dot structures are also called as electron dot structures and can be drawn if the molecular formula of a compound is known. It provides information regarding the nature of bond and the position of atoms .

They are also capable of exhibiting the lone pair if any present in a molecule or compound.Lewis defined a base to be an electron pair donor and an acid to be an electron pair acceptor.

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The chemical formula CH₂O contains 3 elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

The chemical formula CH₂O represents formaldehyde, which is a simple organic compound.

To determine the number of elements in this formula, we count the different types of atoms that are present. In this case, there are three different types of atoms: carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O).

Therefore, the chemical formula CH₂O contains 3 elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

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Answer:

28,359.1 J/mol

Explanation:

ΔG = ΔG° + RTln(Q)

the given conditions are non-standard, so calculate the values of Q and ΔG°.

the reaction for the dissociation of nitrous acid is:

HNO₂ ⇌ H⁺ + NO₂⁻

the equilibrium constant expression for the reaction is:

K = [H⁺][NO₂⁻]/[HNO₂]

At pH = 1.30, [H⁺] = 10^(-pH) = 5.01×10^(-2) M

substitute the given values into the expression:

K = (5.01×10^(-2))(6.0×10^(-4))/(0.25) = 1.203×10^(-5)

To calculate ΔG°, use the relationship between ΔG° and K:

ΔG° = -RTln(K)

Substitutethe values of R, T, and K:

ΔG° = -(8.314 J/mol·K)(298 K)ln(1.203×10^(-5)) = 27,615.7 J/mol

use the equation for ΔG:

ΔG = ΔG° + RTln(Q)

Substitute the values of ΔG°, R, T, and Q:

ΔG = 27,615.7 J/mol + (8.314 J/mol·K)(298 K)ln((5.01×10^(-2))(6.0×10^(-4))/(0.25)) = 28,359.1 J/mol

Therefore, the value of ΔG for this solution of nitrous acid is 28,359.1 J/mol.

By using the ideal gas law to solve this problem and we get the volume of the container is approximately 1383 liters.

What is ideal gas law?

The ideal gas law is a fundamental equation in the study of thermodynamics and describes the behavior of an ideal gas. The ideal gas law relates the pressure (P), volume (V), number of moles (n), and temperature (T) of a gas:

                           PV = nRT

The ideal gas law assumes that the gas particles have negligible volume and do not interact with each other, except through elastic collisions. While real gases deviate from this ideal behavior at high pressures and low temperatures, the ideal gas law is still a useful approximation for many practical applications.

We can use the ideal gas law to solve this problem:

PV = nRT

where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature.

First, we need to convert the temperature to Kelvin:

770.56 K = 497.41 °C + 273.15

T = 1043.56 K

Next, we can plug in the values and solve for V:

V = (nRT)/P

V = (3.7522 mol)(0.08206 L·atm/(mol·K))(1043.56 K)/(7.25 atm)

V ≈ 1383 L

Therefore, the volume of the container is approximately 1383 liters.

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For the below mentioned reason, Haber's method operates at the ideal temperature of 450C:

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The number of atoms in 0.0082g of gold is 2.50 x 10^19 atoms.

What is a molar mass in chemistry?

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, usually expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). It is a fundamental concept in chemistry that allows us to relate the mass of a substance to the number of atoms or molecules present.

The molar mass of gold (Au) is approximately 197 g/mol. To find the number of atoms in 0.0082 g of gold, we first need to calculate the number of moles of gold present:

moles of gold = mass of gold / molar mass of gold moles of gold = 0.0082 g / 197 g/mol moles of gold = 4.16 x 10^-5 mol

Next, we can use Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol) to convert the number of moles to the number of atoms:

number of atoms = moles of gold x Avogadro's number number of atoms = 4.16 x 10^-5 mol x 6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol number of atoms = 2.50 x 10^19 atoms

Therefore, there are approximately 2.50 x 10^19 atoms in 0.0082 g of gold.

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900moles are 5.42x10²⁶ atoms of calcium.

What does the Avogadro number mean?

Avogadro's number, or the quantity of units contained in one mole of any material, is 6.02214076* 10²³. Depending on the material and the reaction's characteristics, the units could be electrons, atoms, ions, or molecules (if any).

It indicates the quantity of atoms or molecules in a substance or an element per gram of the respective unit. The number is 6.022*10
²³, which is obtained by dividing the atomic mass of an element by the actual mass of its atom.

There are 6.02*10²³ atoms in one mole

So, 5.42x10²⁶ atoms of calcium will be [tex]5.42x10^{26}/6.02*10 ^{23[/tex] moles i.e.

900moles.

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Answer:

0.67752kg

Explanation:

Mole ratio of LiOH to Li3N

=n(LiOH)/n(Li3N

=3/4

Its molarity of [tex]ZnCl_{2}[/tex]  produced by the full reaction of 20.0 g of zinc with [tex]CuCl_{2}[/tex] is 1.364 M.

The proportion of solute moles to solution length is known as molarity. By dividing the number of moles of HCl but by amount (L) of the fluid where it had been dissolved, we may get the acid solution's molarity.

Molarity of product Zinc Chloride which is formed when 25.0 g of Zinc completely reacts with copper(II) chloride:

[tex]ZN(s) + CuCl_{2} (aq)[/tex] → [tex]ZnCl _{2} (aq) + Cu(s)[/tex]

Firstly no of moles of Zn can be obtained from :  

[tex]Moles of Zn = \frac{Mass of Zn }{ Molar mass of Zn}[/tex], molar mass of Zn = 65.38 g/mol  

hence moles of Zn = 25.0 g / 65.38 g/mol = 0.382 mol.

Now some conversion are needed to be done like:

1 m L = 0.001 L

Volume of solution = 285 mL

Hence 285 mL = 285 × 0.001 L = 0.28 L

Finally Molarity of [tex]ZnCl_{2}[/tex] can be calculated by:  

Molarity of [tex]ZnCl_{2}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{number of moles of solute }{volume of solution in litres}[/tex]

Molarity = [tex]\frac{0.382mol}{0.28L}[/tex]

             = 1.364 M.

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No, as they both have positive charges and ionic compounds form due to the attraction of opposite charges.

In the case given, Na and Zn both have +1 charges. They cannot be compatible for forming an ionic compound. The metal ion and its charge should be written first, then the nonmetal ion and its charge. Decide how many of each ion are required for the positive and negative charges to balance each other out, as the complex as a whole need to be electrically neutral.

The crisscross approach is an alternative to writing a valid formula for an ionic chemical. With this technique, each ion charge's numerical value is crossed across to form the subscript of the other ion. Charges' indicators are removed.

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I'm writing to you about an important land use conservation issue that has been gaining attention recently: preserving and protecting public lands.

Issue is a term used to describe an unresolved problem or conflict. It can apply to any area of life, from personal relationships to global politics. An issue can be caused by many different factors, and can be addressed through a variety of methods. In some cases, an issue may be resolved through compromise or negotiation. In other cases, a resolution may require more formal methods, such as a court ruling or a change in a law.

As population growth and development continue to put a strain on our limited public land resources, it is essential that we work to conserve and protect these areas for future generations.
Public lands are used for a variety of important reasons, including recreation, wildlife habitat, timber production, and extractive resource extraction. Unfortunately, these areas are often threatened by development, recreational use, and resource extraction. To alleviate this issue, we need to take steps to protect these lands from further destruction by creating and enforcing regulations that prevent development and resource extraction. Additionally, we need to ensure that these areas are properly managed and maintained so that they can continue to provide a variety of benefits to the public.
There are a variety of ways that individuals can get involved in helping to protect public lands. One way is to join or support local organizations that are actively working to protect these areas. Additionally, individuals can write letters to their representatives to let them know their opinions on land use issues. Finally, individuals can volunteer their time to help with conservation or management efforts at public lands.
I hope you will join me in taking action to protect our public lands. Together, we can ensure that these areas remain available for future generations to enjoy.

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The carburizing time necessary to achieve a carbon concentration of 0.30 wt% at a position 4 mm into an iron-carbon alloy is 63.4 hours.

To determine the carburizing time necessary to achieve a carbon concentration of 0.30 wt% at a position 4 mm into an iron-carbon alloy, we can use Fick's second law of diffusion:

[tex]DC_{surface} / 2 = (C_{surface} - C_{4mm}) / erf(x / (2 * \sqrt{Dt} ))\\[/tex]

where D is the diffusion coefficient, [tex]C{surface}\\[/tex] is the surface carbon concentration (0.90 wt%), C_4mm is the carbon concentration at the position 4 mm into the alloy (0.10 wt%), x is the distance from the surface (4 mm), and t is the carburizing time we want to find.

We can use the diffusion coefficient for γ-Fe at 1100°C from Table 5.2, which is D = [tex]6.0 * 10^{-12} m^2/s.[/tex]

Substituting the given values, we get:

[tex](6.0 * 10^{-12} m^2/s) * (0.90 - 0.30) / 2 = (0.90 - 0.10) / erf(4 mm / (2 * \sqrt{6.0 * 10^{-12} m^2/s} ))[/tex]

Simplifying the left-hand side, we get:

[tex]1.8 * 10^{-12} m^2/s = (0.80) / erf(4 mm / (2 * \sqrt{(6.0 * 10^{-12} m^2/s) * t)})))[/tex]

Taking the inverse error function of both sides, we get:

[tex]erf(4 mm / (2 * \sqrt{6.0 * 10^{-12} m^2/s) * t)} ) = 0.000346[/tex]

Substituting this back into the previous equation, we get:

[tex]1.8 * 10^{-12} m^2/s = (0.80) / 0.000346[/tex]

Solving for t, we get:

t = 63.4 hours

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Answer: 4129.38 kPa

Explanation:

P=nRT/V= 25 molesx 8.314 x 298.15 / 15=

The rate of the reaction is correlated with the variation in concentration of each reactant and product, as can be seen from the rate expressions provided.

Rate = 1/2 [D] / [H] / [T]

This demonstrates that the reaction's rate and [H] concentration change are directly inversely related. Given that [D] is vanishing at a rate of 0.74 mol/L/s, the following conclusions can be drawn:

[D]/[t] = -0.74 mol/Ls We can solve for [H] / t by substituting this value into the rate expression above: Rate = 1/2 [D] / [H] / [T], ([H] / t) = -1/2 (-0.74 mol/Ls), [H]/[t] = 2(0.74 mol/L s) = 1.48 mol/L s With [D] decreasing at a rate of 0.74 mol/L, [H] is therefore increasing at a rate of 1.48 mol/L/s.

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(a) The reaction was titrated quickly to prevent further reaction between the reactants and products.

(bi) Number of moles of ethanoic acid left in the equilibrium mixture = 0.42 mol

ii) Number of moles of ethanoic acid reacted is 0.08 mol

iii) the number of moles of ethanol reacted is also 0.08 mol.

iv) Number of moles of ethanol left in the equilibrium mixture = 0.92 mol

(e) The equilibrium constant for the reaction between ethanoic acid and ethanol at room temperature is 0.209 dm^3/mol.

(a) The reaction was titrated quickly to prevent further reaction between the reactants and products. The equilibrium between ethanoic acid and ethanol is reversible, and the addition of sodium hydroxide (a strong base) can shift the equilibrium towards the formation of the products. By titrating quickly, the equilibrium is essentially "frozen" at the moment of titration, and the moles of each reactant and product present in the equilibrium mixture can be determined.

(b) The balanced equation for the reaction between ethanoic acid and ethanol is:

CH3COOH + C2H5OH ⇌ CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

(i) Number of moles of ethanoic acid left in the equilibrium mixture:

Number of moles of sodium hydroxide used = 40 cm^3 × 2 mol/dm^3 = 0.08 mol

Since the stoichiometric ratio between sodium hydroxide and ethanoic acid is 1:1, the number of moles of ethanoic acid reacted is also 0.08 mol.

Number of moles of ethanoic acid left in the equilibrium mixture = 0.5 mol - 0.08 mol = 0.42 mol

(ii) Number of moles of ethanoic acid reacted:

0.08 mol

(iii) Number of moles of ethanol reacted:

Since the stoichiometric ratio between ethanol and ethanoic acid is 1:1, the number of moles of ethanol reacted is also 0.08 mol.

(iv) Number of moles of ethanol left in the equilibrium mixture:

Number of moles of ethanol initially present = 1 mol

Number of moles of ethanol reacted = 0.08 mol

Number of moles of ethanol left in the equilibrium mixture = 1 mol - 0.08 mol = 0.92 mol

(e) The equilibrium constant (Kc) for the reaction can be calculated using the concentrations of the reactants and products at equilibrium. At equilibrium, the concentration of each component can be calculated as follows:

[ethanoic acid] = 0.42 mol / 1 dm^3 = 0.42 mol/dm^3

[ethanol] = 0.92 mol / 1 dm^3 = 0.92 mol/dm^3

[ethyl ethanoate] = 0.08 mol / 1 dm^3 = 0.08 mol/dm^3

Kc = ([ethyl ethanoate] x [H2O]) / ([ethanoic acid] x [ethanol])

= (0.08 mol/dm^3) / (0.42 mol/dm^3 x 0.92 mol/dm^3)

= 0.209 dm^3/mol

Therefore, the equilibrium constant for the reaction between ethanoic acid and ethanol at room temperature is 0.209 dm^3/mol.

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Note that the point at which oxygen changes from liquid to gas is 90k. See the attached graph.

To plot the data, we can use a line graph with temperature (T) on the x-axis and density (d) on the y-axis. Here is a plot of the data:

From the plot, we can see that the density of oxygen decreases as the temperature increases. At around 90 K, there is a significant drop in density, indicating a change in state from liquid to gas. We can circle this temperature as the point at which oxygen changes from liquid to gas.

Therefore, we can circle the temperature 90 K as the point at which oxygen changes from liquid to gas.

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The concentration of K2CO3 (Potassium carbonate) in the solution is 0.000235 M.

To determine the concentration of K2CO3 in a solution, we need to calculate the number of moles of K2CO3 and divide it by the total volume of the solution.

First, let's calculate the number of moles of K2CO3:

molar mass of K2CO3 = 2(39.1 g/mol) + 12.0 g/mol + 3(16.0 g/mol) = 138.2 g/mol

moles of K2CO3 = 17.8 g / 138.2 g/mol = 0.1287 mol

Next, let's calculate the total volume of the solution:

total mass of solution = 546 g

Assuming the density of the solution is 1 g/mL, we can find the volume of the solution:

volume of solution = 546 mL

Finally, we can calculate the concentration of K2CO3:

concentration of K2CO3 = moles of K2CO3 / volume of solution

= 0.1287 mol / 546 mL

= 0.000235 M

Therefore, the concentration of K2CO3 in the solution is 0.000235 M.

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Answer:

Therefore, approximately 8.5 mL of chlorine gas can be produced from the decomposition of 25 g of aluminum chloride at 28°C and 750 mmHg.

Explanation:

The decomposition of aluminum chloride will not produce oxygen. Instead, it produces aluminum oxide and chlorine gas. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:

2AlCl3(s) → Al2O3(s) + 3Cl2(g)

To determine the volume of chlorine gas produced from the decomposition of 25 g of aluminum chloride, we need to use the ideal gas law, which is PV = nRT, where P is the pressure of the gas in atmospheres, V is the volume of the gas in liters, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant (0.0821 L·atm/mol·K), and T is the temperature of the gas in Kelvin.

First, we need to determine the number of moles of aluminum chloride. The molar mass of AlCl3 is 133.34 g/mol, so:

25 g AlCl3 × (1 mol AlCl3/133.34 g AlCl3) = 0.187 moles AlCl3

According to the balanced chemical equation, 2 moles of AlCl3 will produce 3 moles of Cl2 gas. Therefore, 0.187 moles of AlCl3 will produce:

0.187 moles AlCl3 × (3 moles Cl2/2 moles AlCl3) = 0.2805 moles Cl2

Now we can use the ideal gas law to calculate the volume of Cl2 gas produced. We need to convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin by adding 273.15.

PV = nRT

V = nRT/P

V = (0.2805 mol) × (0.0821 L·atm/mol·K) × (301.15 K) / (750 mmHg × 1 atm/760 mmHg)

V = 0.0085 L or 8.5 mL (rounded to two significant figures)

Therefore, approximately 8.5 mL of chlorine gas can be produced from the decomposition of 25 g of aluminum chloride at 28°C and 750 mmHg.

275K is the kelvin temperature of the gas

What does the word "temperature" mean?

Temperature is a unit used to convey hotness or coldness on any of a number of scales, including Fahrenheit and Celsius. According to temperature, heat energy will naturally move from a hotter (body with a higher temperature) to a colder (body with a lower temperature) (one at a lower temperature).

Although a Celsius temperature is never equal to a Kelvin temperature, a shift of one degree Celsius equals a change of one Kelvin. On the Kelvin scale, there are no negative temps. Subtract 273.15 from the Kelvin temperature to get the Fahrenheit equivalent.

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Barium, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen are the four elements found in the chemical equation given in the question.

An element is a pure substance that cannot be transformed into simpler compounds through any physical or chemical process. The atoms that make up an element are all of the same kind. There are three categories for elements: metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. The symbols used to symbolize different elements in the given equation is Ba (barium), N (Nitrogen), O (oxygen), and H (hydrogen). The reaction is:

Ba₃N₂ + 6H₂O → 3Ba(OH)₂ + 2NH₃

Chemical reaction is the transformation of one or more chemical reactants into one or more distinct products. Chemical elements or chemical compounds make up substances. In a chemical reaction, the atoms that make up the reactants are rearranged to produce various products.

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Considering the Boyle's law, the pressure will be 5693.998 mmHg if the volume is changed to 23 L if the molar mass and temperature are held constant.

Boyle's law states that the pressure of a gas in a closed container is inversely proportional to the volume of the container, when the temperature is constant and is expressed mathematically as:

P×V= k

where

Considering an initial state 1 and a final state 2, it is fulfilled:

P₁×V₁= P₂×V₂

In this case, you know:

Replacing in Boyle's law:

25 atm× 19 L= P₂× 23 L

Solving:

(25 atm× 19 L)÷ 23 L= P₂

20.65 atm= 15693.998 mmHg= P₂ (being 1 atm= 760 mmHg)

Finally, the pressure will be 5693.998 mmHg.

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An  hypothetical scenario is going to be used for this experiment.

Hypothetical Scenario:

The experiment aimed to test the effectiveness of different types of basketballs on shooting accuracy. Three test groups were created: one group was given a standard rubber basketball, another group was given a leather basketball, and the third group was given a synthetic basketball. Ten shots were taken with each ball and the number of hits were recorded.

Data Analysis:

Conclusion:

Based on the findings, Rutherford's hypothesis was reasonable.

Therefore, the  results of the basketball experiment do not relate to Rutherford's hypothesis.

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One H2SO4 molecule has a 98 Atomic Weight Unit atomic mass. H2SO4 has an atomic mass of 98 grams per mole. One mole of H2SO4 is therefore present in 98 grams of H2SO4.

A powerful mineral acid with chemical formula H2SO4, sulfuric acid is extremely corrosive. It is a viscous liquid with a pungent-ethereal aroma that is soluble in water throughout all concentrations and ranges in color from colorless to slightly yellow.

An extremely potent acid is sulfuric acid (H2SO4). An indication of a powerful acid is that sulfuric acid totally dissociates in water. Also, when a strong base reacts with a strong acid, the result is neutral salt and water. A neutral salt called Na2SO4 is created when the strong base NaOH and sulfuric acid are combined.

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Therefore, the mole ratio of CuCl₂ to Cu is 1:1.

In chemistry, a mole is a unit used to measure the amount of a substance. One mole of a substance is equal to the number of atoms, molecules, or particles in that substance equal to the Avogadro's number. The mass of one mole of a substance in grams is numerically equal to its atomic or molecular mass in atomic mass units (amu). The concept of moles is important in chemical calculations involving reactions and stoichiometry.

Here,

The mole ratio for CuCl₂ to Cu can be determined from the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between CuCl₂ and Cu:

CuCl₂ + Cu → Cu₂Cl₂

From the balanced equation, it can be seen that 1 mole of CuCl₂ reacts with 1 mole of Cu to produce 1 mole of Cu₂Cl₂.

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The properties of gas are that  they are easy to compress and they will expend to fill their container as well as they occupy more space then the liquids and solids they originated from.

An imaginary gas which perfectly obeys gas laws is called as an ideal gas. It is a hypothetical gas whose molecules do not occupy any space and have no interactions among themselves.

This is the formula:

P . V = n . R. T

where P respresents the pressure of the gas, the V the volume where the gas is contained and T refers to the absolute T (T° in K)

R is the Universal Gases constant → 8.31 J/K.mol or 0.082 L.atm/mol.

Therefore, The properties of gas are that  they are easy to compress and they will expend to fill their container as well as they occupy more space then the liquids and solids they originated from.

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Burning 1000 grams of gasoline results in about 2.3 kilograms (5.1 pounds) of carbon dioxide.

One carbon atom and two oxygen atoms make up the odorless, naturally occurring gas known as carbon dioxide (CO2). The atmosphere of Earth contains most of it, which makes up roughly 0.04 percent of the air there.

Moreover, the respiration of animals, the burning of fossil fuels, and the fermentation of carbohydrates in beer and wine all produce carbon dioxide as byproducts.

A crucial component of the carbon cycle that occurs naturally on Earth and influences climate is carbon dioxide. Animals breathe out carbon dioxide whereas plants absorb it during photosynthesis.

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