Answer:
Journal Entries
1. A corporation issued 8,000 shares of $20 par value common stock for $192,000 cash:
Debit Cash Account $192,000
Credit Common Stock $160,000
Credit Paid-in In Excess of Par $32,000
To record the issue of 8,000 shares of $20 par value.
2. A corporation issued 4,000 shares of no-par common stock to its promoters in exchange for their efforts, estimated to be worth $47,000. The stock has a $1 per share stated value:
Debit Retained Earnings $4,000
Credit Common Stock $4,000
To record the issue of 4,000 shares of $1 stated value.
3. A corporation issued 4,000 shares of no-par common stock to its promoters in exchange for their efforts, estimated to be worth $47,000. The stock has no stated value:
Debit Retained Earnings $47,000
Credit Common Stock $47,000
To record the issue of 4,000 shares of no stated value.
4. A corporation issued 2,000 shares of $100 par value preferred stock for $247,000 cash:
Debit Cash $247,000
Credit Preferred Stock $200,000
Credit Paid-in In Excess of Par $47,000
To record the issue of 2,000 shares of $100 par value.
Explanation:
Shares can be issued at par value, above, or below par value. When they are issued at par value, the Cash Account or Retained Accounts or Asset Account is debited, while the Stock account is credited. If they are above par value, the difference in at par and above is credited to the Paid-in In Excess of Par account or Additional Paid-in Capital account. When they are issued below the par value, the difference between cash received and the stock account is debited to Paid-in In Excess of Par account.
The stated value of a share is like the par value. Some shares have no stated value and are recorded at whichever value is prevailing at the time of the issue.
Farrow Co. expects to sell 200,000 units of its product in the next period with the following results:
Sales (200,000 units) $3,000,000
Costs and expenses:
Direct materials 400,000
Direct labor 800,000
Overhead 200,000
Selling expenses 300,000
Administrative expenses 514,000
Total costs and expenses 2,214,000
Net income $786,000
The company has an opportunity to sell 20,000 additional units at $13 per unit. The additional sales would not affect its current expected sales. Direct materials and labor costs per unit would be the same for the additional units as they are for the regular units. However, the additional volume would create the following incremental costs:
1. total overhead would increase by 15%
2. administrative expenses would increase by $86,000.
Required:
Calculate the combined total net income if the company accepts the offer to sell additional units at the reduced price of $13 per unit.
Answer:
Combined net income =$810,000
Explanation:
In order to carry out an incremental analysis, only relevant cash flows should be considered.
The relevant cash flows from accepting the special order are the variable costs and the sales revenue plus the incremental cost of overhead and administrative cost . Please, note that the fixed costs are not relevant for this decision. Simply because they would be incurred either way.
The relevant cash flows include:
The sales revenueThe variable cost And the increase in overhead and administrative costSelling price per unit = $13
Variable cost per unit of additional sales
= (Direct material + Direct labour cost)/200,000 = 6
Analysis of incremental net income
$
Additional sales revenue ( 13×× 20,000) = 260,000
Incremental variable cost (6 × 20,000) = 120000
Incremental overhead (15%× 200,000) = (30000)
Incremental admin cost (86,000)
Net income from additional sales 24,000
Combined net income = original Net income + Additional net income
= 786,000 + 24000 = $810,000
Combined net income =$810,000
Exercise D Viking Corporation is operating at 80% of capacity, which means it produces 8,000 units. Variable cost is $100 per unit. Wholesaler Y offers to buy 2,000 additional units at $120 per unit. Wholesaler Z proposes to buy 1,500 additional units at $140 per unit. Which offer, if either, should Viking Corporation accept
Answer:
Results are below.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
The variable cost is $100 per unit.
Wholesaler Y offers to buy 2,000 additional units at $120 per unit.
Wholesaler Z proposes to buy 1,500 additional units at $140 per unit.
We need to choose the best alternative, in this case, the one with the higher increase in income:
Effect on income= total contribution margin
Wholesaler Y:
Effect on income= 2,000*(120 - 100)= $40,000 increase
Wholesaler Z:
Effect on income= 1,500*(140 - 100)= $60,000 increase
The best option is to sell the units to Wholesaler Z. If Wholesaler Y accepts, you can still sell 500 more units.
Many companies secure financing from various sources with various payback periods. Not all funding sources are the same, and in fact, some can come with a pretty high cost to the firm. These costs could include high interest rates, long payback periods, and increased ownership in the firm which could result in lost control.
Please analyze the funding options listed, and determine if the option is usually a short-term or long-term strategy.
a. Line of credit
b. Commercial paper
c. Trade credit Bank loan of 10 months
d. Bond
e. Stock
f. Bank loan of 20 months
Answer:
a. Line of credit - Long-term strategy
A line of credit is a long-term strategy because businesses obtain lines of credit for their use over long periods of time. The particular characteristic is that a line of credit is only used when the business decides to do so, so it works almost like a credit card.
b. Commercial paper - Short-term strategy
Commercial paper is a short-term debt that is issued by firms when they have problems to pay operating expenses. They are unsecured, and pay a specific amount of interest.
c. Trade credit Bank loan of 10 months - Short-term strategy
In financial accounting, loans that last for less than a year are categorized as short-term liabilities, therefore, a trade credit bank loan of 10 months is a short-term strategy.
d. Bond - Long-term strategy
While some bonds are issued for the short-term, the majority of them are issued for the long-term, with some of them lasting 10 years or more.
e. Stock - Long-term strategy
Buying or issuing stock is also a long-term strategy, specially because the dividend of the stock is only paid out once every year, unlike other debt instruments that pay interest immediately.
f. Bank loan of 20 months - Long-term strategy
A bank loan of more than 1 years is considered a long-term liability in financial accounting, therefore, a bank loan of 20 months is part of a long-term strategy.
Analyzing the given funding options and placing them in their right categories would be:
A. Line of credit - Long-term strategy B. Commercial paper - Short-term strategy C. Trade credit Bank loan of 10 months - Short-term strategy D. Bond - Long-term strategy E. Stock - Long-term strategy F. Bank loan of 20 months - Long-term strategyA long term strategy is one which financial institutions use to secure their assets for the foreseeable future while a short term strategy is used for short term gains on stocks and finances.
With this in mind, we can see that there are different funding options which are short or long term as the case may be, which depends on the amount of profit which the business wants to accrue.
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the next dividend pwyment by Savitz, inc., will be 1.88 per share. YThe dividends are anticipated to maintain a growth rate of 4 percent forever. If the stock currently sells foe 37 per share, what is the required return?
Answer: 9.08%
Explanation:
Using the Gordon Growth model, a required return on a stock can be calculated if the stock price, next dividend and constant growth rate is given.
Stock Price = [tex]\frac{Next Dividend}{Required return - growth rate}[/tex]
37 = [tex]\frac{1.88}{r - 0.04}[/tex]
37(r - 0.04) = 1.88
r - 0.04 = 1.88/37
r = 1.88/37 + 0.04
r = 9.08%
Cheyenne Corp. had the following transactions during the current period.
Mar. 2 Issued 4,000 shares of $4 par value common stock to attorneys in payment of a bill for $21,200 for services performed in helping the company to incorporate.
June 12 Issued 56,400 shares of $4 par value common stock for cash of $305,500.
July 11 Issued 1,950 shares of $100 par value preferred stock for cash at $130 per share.
Nov. 28 Purchased 2,560 shares of treasury stock for $78,500.
Journalize the transactions.
Answer:
Mar. 2 Issued 4,000 shares of $4 par value common stock to attorneys in payment of a bill for $21,200 for services performed in helping the company to incorporate.
Dr Incorporation expenses 21,200
Cr Common stock 16,000
Cr Additional paid in capital - common stocks 5,200
June 12 Issued 56,400 shares of $4 par value common stock for cash of $305,500.
Dr Cash 305,500
Cr Common stocks 225,600
Cr Additional paid in capital - common stocks 79,900
July 11 Issued 1,950 shares of $100 par value preferred stock for cash at $130 per share.
Dr Cash 253,500
Cr Preferred stocks 195,000
Cr Additional paid in capital - preferred stocks 58,500
Nov. 28 Purchased 2,560 shares of treasury stock for $78,500.
Dr Treasury stocks 78,500
Cr Cash 78,500
Treasury stocks account is a contra equity account which decreases the value of stockholders' equity.
The table below represents how Marco feels about chocolate candy bars.
a. Fill in the missing values for total and marginal utility.
Marco's Utility
Chocolate Candy Bars Total Utility (utils) Marginal Utility (utils)
0 0 —
1 25
2 17
3 54
4
5 66 4
6 –1
b. Suppose Marco currently has two candy bars. You tell Marco you will give him either a soda, which gives him 22 utils of happiness, or two additional candy bars. Which is he likely to prefer?
options soda or two extra candy bars
Answer:
A. Chocolate Candy Bars Total Utility (utils) Marginal Utility (utils
0 0 —
1 25 25
2 42 17
3 54 12
4 62 8
5 66 4
6 65 –1
2. Soda
Explanation:
A.Chocolate Candy Bars Total Utility (utils) Marginal Utility (utils)
0 0 —
1 25 25
2 42 17
3 54 12
4 62 8
5 66 4
6 65 –1
1. In a situation where the consumption go up from 0 to 1, this means that total utility will from 0 to 25.
Therefore the , marginal utility will be 25 (25 – 0).
2. Total utility will be 42(25+17)
3. Marginal utility will be 12 (54-42)
4. The total utility for quantity of 5 is 66, while the marginal utility is 4.
Hence the total utility will be 62 (66 – 4) while marginal utility will be 4(12-8)
6. Total utility will be 65(66-1)
B. Based on( A )above Marco already has two candy bars, which gave him a total utility of 42 this means that when we Add soda his utility would increase to 64 (42 + 22)
And in a situation where he consumes four candy bars which is 2 candy bars + another 2 extra candy bars this means his utility will be only 62.
Based on this Soda will be the preferred one
Les is concerned that his variable cost per unit projection for a project may not be reliable. Which type of analysis will best help him determine the effect that an incorrect variable cost estimate could have on the final outcome of the project
Answer:
Cost Volume Profit Analysis (CVP)
Explanation:
The Cost Volume Profit Analysis (CVP) shows the change in profit or loss as a result of change in the (1) cost structure (variable and fixed costs), (2) sales revenue and (3) level of activity.
Thus this would be helpful to Les in determining the effect that an incorrect variable cost estimate could have on the final outcome of the project by altering the cost structure.
When a negative amount is in the base period and a positive amount is in the analysis period (or vice versa), a meaningful percent change cannot be calculated.
A. True
B. False
Answer:
false
Explanation:
for example, the base year has a value of -10 and the period of analysis as a value of 5, percentage change is -1.5 or 150%
the base year has a value of 5 and the period of analysis as a value of -10 percentage change is -300%
A project that costs $1,900 to install will provide annual cash flows of $500 for the next 5 years. The firm accepts projects with payback periods of less than 4 years.
a. What is this project's payback period?
b. Will the project be accepted?
Yes
No
c. What is project NPV if the discount rate is 4%?
Answer:
A. 3.8 YEARS
B YES
C $325.91
Explanation:
Payback period is the amount of time it takes to recover the amount invested in a project from its cumulative cash flows.
payback period = amount invested / cash flows
$1,900 / $500 = 3.8 years
the project should be accepted because the payback period is less than the maximum acceptable year
Net present value is the present value of after tax cash flows from an investment less the amount invested.
NPV can be calculated using a financial calculator
cash flow in year 0 = $-1900
cash flow each year from year 1 to 5 = $500
I = 4%
NPV = $325.91
To find the NPV using a financial calculator:
1. Input the cash flow values by pressing the CF button. After inputting the value, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
2. after inputting all the cash flows, press the NPV button, input the value for I, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
3. Press compute
For a variety of reasons, a bank sometimes will hold more reserves than is legally required. These reserves are known as excess reserves. How does holding excess reserves affect the degree to which the money supply will change
Answer: D. The money supply will decrease as banks loan out less money.
Explanation:
The money supply in the Economy is inversely related to the amount of reserves that a bank holds. This is because the higher the reserves held, the less the banks will have to borrow out and the less new money can be created from the money loaned out. Holding excess reserves therefore results in less money supply.
Farrow Co. expects to sell 400,000 units of its product in the next period with the following results.
Sales (400,000 units) $ 6,000,000
Costs and expenses
Direct materials 800,000
Direct labor 1,600,000
Overhead 400,000
Selling expenses 600,000
Administrative expenses 1,028,000
Total costs and expenses 4,428,000
Net income $ 1,572,000
The company has an opportunity to sell 40,000 additional units at $12 per unit. The additional sales would not affect its current expected sales. Direct materials and labor costs per unit would be the same for the additional units as they are for the regular units. However, the additional volume would create the following incremental costs: (1) total overhead would increase by 16% and (2) administrative expenses would increase by $172,000.
Calculate the combined total net income if the company accepts the offer to sell additional units at the reduced price of $12 per unit.
Normal Volume Additional Volume Combined Total
Costs and expenses:
Total costs and expenses
Incremental income (loss)
from new business
Answer:
the combined total net income = $ 1,576,000
Incremental Income = $4,000
Explanation:
Calculation of the combined total net income if the company accepts the offer to sell additional units at the reduced price of $12 per unit.
Sales (400,000 units) $ 6,000,000
Additional Sales (40,000 units × $12) $480,000
Combined Sales $6,480,000
Costs and expenses :
Direct materials (800,000 + (800,000 / 400,000 × 40,000)) ( $880,000)
Direct labor (1,600,000 + (1,600,000 / 400,000 × 40,000)) ( $1,760,000)
Overhead 400,000 × 1.16 ($464,000)
Selling expenses ($600,000 )
Administrative expenses ($1,028,000 + $172,000) ($1,200,000)
Net income $ 1,576,000
Incremental Income / (loss)
Net Income After Accepting Offer $ 1,576,000
Less Income Before Accepting Offer $ 1,572,000
Incremental Income / (loss) $4,000
Joe wants to start an SEP-IRA that will have $460,000 in it when he retires in 15 years. How much should he invest semiannually in his IRA to do this if the interest is 15% compounded semiannually?
Answer:
$4,448.77
Explanation:
time until retirement = 15 years x 2 semiannual contributions = 30 payments
interest rate =15% / 2 = 7.5%
future value = $460,000
we can use the future value of an annuity formula:
future value = payment x annuity factor
FV annuity factor 7.5%, 30 periods = 103.3994
payment = future value / annuity factor
payment = $460,000 / 103.3994 = $4,448.77
The amount that should be invested is $4,448.77.
Calculation of the amount:Since
time until retirement = 15 years x 2
= 30 payments
And,
interest rate =15% / 2 = 7.5%
Also,
future value = $460,000
Now we can use the future value of an annuity formula:
Here,
future value = payment x annuity factor
where,
FV annuity factor 7.5%, 30 periods = 103.3994
So,
payment = future value / annuity factor
= $460,000 / 103.3994
= $4,448.77
hence, The amount that should be invested is $4,448.77.
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For a risk-free return rate of 5%, a market risk premium of 6%, what is the required rate of return for a security with a beta coefficient of 1.5?
Answer:
14%
Explanation:
required rate of return = risk free rate of return + ( risk premium x beta)
5% + 1.5 x 6% = 14%
The perceived demand for a monopolistic competitor
uses the weighted-average method in its process costing system. In their first processing department, the company worked on 1,050 equivalent units of production with respect to conversion costs in April. Additional information for April is: Beginning inventory 230 units 40% complete Started 1,345 units Completed and transferred out 700 units Q: The % of completion of the ending inventory in work-in-process with respect to conversion cost is:
Answer:
The % of completion of the ending inventory in work-in-process with respect to conversion cost is: 40%.
Explanation:
First Calculate the Physical units in Ending Work in Process Inventory.
Physical units in Ending Work in Process Inventory = Beginning Work in Process inventory + Started Units - Units Completed and transferred out
Thus, Ending Work in Process Inventory = 230 + 1,345 - 700
= 875
Then, Calculate the Equivalent Units of Ending Work in Process Inventory.
Total equivalent units of production - conversion costs 1,050
Less Units Completed and transferred out (700)
Equivalent Units of Ending Work in Process Inventory 350
Finally Calculate the % of completion of the ending inventory in work-in-process with respect to conversion cost
The % of completion = Equivalent units of Ending Work in Process Inventory/ Physical units in Ending Work in Process Inventory × 100
= 350 / 875 × 100
= 40%
During 2016, Basler Manufacturing produced 60,000 units and sold 55,000 for $10 per unit. Variable manufacturing costs were $5 per unit. Annual fixed manufacturing overhead was $120,000 ($2 per unit). Variable selling and administrative costs were $1 per unit sold, and fixed selling and administrative costs were $30,000.
Required:
Prepare an absorption costing income statement.
Answer:
Instructions are below.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Production= 60,000 units
Units sold= 55,000
Selling price per unit= $10
Variable manufacturing costs were $5 per unit.
Annual fixed manufacturing overhead was $120,000 ($2 per unit). Variable selling and administrative costs were $1 per unit sold
Fixed selling and administrative costs were $30,000.
The absorption costing method includes the unitary fixed overhead costs to the cost of goods sold.
Sales= 55,000*10= 550,000
COGS= (5 + 2)*55,000= (385,000)
Gross profit= 165,000
Total selling and administrative costs=(1*55,000)+30,000= (85,000)
Net operating income= 80,000
A city mandates that all businesses who sell goods and services to the city must pay at least a living wage to their workers that is substantially above what low-skilled workers are currently being paid. Which of the following will result in a greater decrease in employment of low-skilled workers who were working for the affected businesses?
a. The city's demand for the services that businesses supply them in highly inelastic.
b. Low-skilled workers represent a small fraction of the costs of doing business with the city.
c. Higher-skilled workers are readily available at the higher wage.
d. Low-skilled workers are complements with other inputs providing city services.
Answer:
c. Higher-skilled workers are readily available at the higher wage.
Explanation:
the government decree would make the cost of hiring low skilled labour higher. As, a result there would be a reduction in the quantity demanded of low skilled labour.
if High skilled workers are readily available at the higher wage this would lead to a greater decrease in employment of low-skilled workers. Employers would ask themselves why pay the same high wages high skilled labour earns to low skilled labour when high skilled labour can be hired at the same price since most likely higher skilled workers would carry out the tasks better than lower skilled labour ?
Average costs _______initially due to the presence of fixed costs and then rise due to _________ a. rise; increasing fixed costs b. fall; decreasing marginal costs c. fall ; increasing marginal costs d. rise; decreasing fixed costs
Answer:
C. fall; increasing marginal costs.
Explanation:
Option C is the correct answer because initially, the average costs fall due to increasing return or production of more units. When output increases, the average fixed cost slopes downwards. Moreover, when the average cost falls, marginal cost also falls and it starts rising as the marginal cost cuts the average cost at its minimum point. However, after cutting at the minimum point, marginal cost increases, and due to which average cost also increases.
A perfectly competitive firm has a. A perfectly elastic demand for its products b. A perfectly inelastic demand for its products c. A downward sloping demand for its products d. None of the above
Answer: a. A perfectly elastic demand for its products
Explanation:
In a Perfect Competition, the market sets the price at which firms are able to sell their goods and services. As a result, this price that is set is equal to the demand for goods and services thereby making the Demand curve a horizontal line which signifies perfect elasticity. What this shows is that if another firm attempts to sell the same good at a higher price, they will be unable to sell.
With Price being equal to demand it will also be equal to both Marginal and Average revenue for the good because the company receives the same additional revenue for every unit sold.
If a customer is reluctant to try a new product because she's afraid it might make her ill, the company offering it is most likely facing ________ barrier.
Answer: Risk barrier
Explanation:
With every new product or innovation, there is a risk that things will not work well. This risk is divided into 4 types;
Physical risk where the product might be harmful physicallyEconomic risk depending on the cost of the productPerformance risk Social Risk where a person wonders how the public will perceive them for using the product.The customer is facing a Physical risk barrier when she encountered the new product. As it has not been tried and tested by others, using it as a pioneer means that she will not know what she is getting into and so she worries that there is a chance it will harm her physically and make her ill.
The following information concerns the intangible assets of Epstein Corporation: On June 30, 2021, Epstein completed the acquisition of the Johnstone Corporation for $2,420,000 in cash. The fair value of the net identifiable assets of Johnstone was $2,050,000. Included in the assets purchased from Johnstone was a patent that was valued at $91,200. The remaining legal life of the patent was 13 years, but Epstein believes that the patent will only be useful for another eight years. Epstein acquired a franchise on October 1, 2021, by paying an initial franchise fee of $250,800. The contractual life of the franchise is 11 years. Required: 1. Prepare year-end adjusting journal entries to record amortization expense on the intangibles at December 31, 2021. 2. Prepare the intangible asset section of the December 31, 2021, balance she
Answers:
a. Acquisition of cost of corporation = $2,420,000
Less: Fair value of net identifiable assets = $2,050,000
Cost of good will = $370,000
Note: Goods will is not amortized
b. Cost of patent purchase = $91,200
Legal life = 13 years
Estimated useful life= 8 years
Ammortization = Cost / Estimated useful life
= $91,200/8 years
=$11,400
Ammortization per annum is $11,400
Patent is purchased on 30/6/2021
Calculation of amortization for 6 months periods
Amortization for 6 months (July-December)= $11,400 * 6/12
=$5,700
Note: Amortization should be amortized on basis of their amortized value that is, 8 years.
c. Calculation of amortization cost for franchise
Cost = $250,800
Life=11
Purchased on 1/10/2021
Amortization = Cost / Estimated useful life
= $250,080/11
=$22,800
Amortization per annum is $22,800
Calculation of the amortization for 3 month period=
Amortization of 3 month (Oct-Dec.) = $22,800 * 3/12
=$5,700
d, Journal Entries Debit$ Credit$
Amortization Expenses 5,700
Patent 5,700
(To record the amortization expenses)
Amortization Expenses 5,700
Franchise 5,700
(To record the amortization expenses)
e. Partial Balance Sheet
Assets $ $
Current Assets
Long term Assets
Tangible assets 2,050,000
Intangible assets
Goodwill 370,000
Patent 91,200
Less: Accumulated Depreciation 11,400 79,800
Franchise 250,800
Less: Accumulated Depreciation 22,800 228,000
The potential benefits lost by taking a specific action when two or more alternative choices are available is known as a(n):
Answer:
Opportunity costs
Explanation:
The potential benefits lost by taking a specific action when two or more alternative choices are available is known as opportunity costs.
Opportunity cost has to do with losing other alternatives by chosing to go with one alternative. Hence it is also called foregone alternative. It has to do with making a decision or choice to give up something in order to get something else which may be of more value.
Bogart Company is considering two alternatives. Alternative A will have revenues of $147,400 and costs of $103,400. Alternative B will have revenues of $188,200 and costs of $121,600. Compare Alternative A to Alternative B showing incremental revenues, costs, and net income.
Answer:
B is better than A
Explanation:
Here, we want to compare “A” to “B”. It means if B’s amount is higher than A’s amount, it should be positive; If B’s amount is lower than A’s amount, it should be negative.
Net income for each alternative = Revenues – Costs
Since the net income is positive, B is better than A.
Please check attachment for for actual tabular calculations
Sager Industries is considering an investment in equipment that will replace direct labor. The equipment has a cost of $86,000 with a $7,000 residual value and a 10-year life. The equipment will replace three employees who has an average total wages of $15,810 per year. In addition, the equipment will have operating and energy costs of $4,190 per year. Determine the average rate of return on the equipment, giving effect to straight-line depreciation on the investment.
Answer:
130.77%
Explanation:
depreciation expense per year using straight method = (purchase cost - salvage value) / useful life = ($86,000 - $7,000) / 10 = $7,900
total costs = depreciation expense + operating and energy costs = $7,900 + $4,190 = $12,090
average rate of return = total savings / total costs = $15,810 / $12,090 = 1.30769 = 130.77%
In the U.S., the command-and-control environmental laws of the early 1970s, together with the ensuing amendments and updates that have been made to them over time,
A. were necessary as US industries had zero incentive to control pollution.
B. were an inexpensive incentive for industrial polluters to improve performance.
C. are given considerable credit for cleaner air and water in recent decades.
D. draws distinctions between the needs of firms and costly equipment upgrades.
The correct answer is C. are given considerable credit for cleaner air and water in recent decades.
Explanation:
The command-and-control environmental laws are a set of policies first proposed in the early 1970s that protected the environment by limiting the pollution levels. Also, the government demanded certain changes in production methods or the use of technologies to reduce pollution.
Moreover, these regulations are considered to be the main factor that contributed to the reduction in air and water pollution because since the laws were approved air and water pollution had decreased in the country. Also, it is believed these laws protected ecosystems and natural resources, which contributes to the conservation of nature. Thus, these laws "are given considerable credit for cleaner air and water in recent decades".
Salty Sensations Snacks Company manufactures three types of snack foods: tortilla chips, potato chips, and pretzels. The company has budgeted the following costs for the upcoming period:
Factory depreciation $13,645
Indirect labor 33,817
Factory electricity 3,856
Indirect materials 8,010
Selling expenses 18,985
Administrative expenses 10,679
Total costs $88,992
Factory overhead is allocated to the three products on the basis of processing hours. The products had the following production budget and processing hours per case:
Budgeted Volume (Cases) Processing Hours Per Case
Tortilla chips 1,500 0.15
Potato chips 3,600 0.12
Pretzels 2,700 0.10
Total 7,800
Required:
a. Determine the single plant-wide factory overhead rate.
b. Use the factory overhead rate in (a) to determine the amount of total and per-case factory overhead allocated to each of the three products under generally accepted accounting principles.
Answer:
a. $64 per hour
b. Tortilla chips = $9.60, Potato chips = $7.68 , Pretzels = $6.40
Explanation:
Plant-wide factory overhead rate = Budgeted Overhead / Budgeted Activity
Calculation of Budgeted Overheads :
Hint : Consider only Indirect Manufacturing Costs
Factory depreciation $13,645
Indirect labor $33,817
Factory electricity $3,856
Indirect materials $8,010
Total $59,328
Calculation of Budgeted Hours :
Tortilla chips (1,500 × 0.15) = 225
Potato chips (3,600 × 0.12) = 432
Pretzels (2,700 × 0.10 ) = 270
Total = 927
Plant-wide factory overhead rate = $59,328 / 927
= $64 per hour
Factory overhead allocated to each of the three products :
Tortilla chips (0.15 × $64) = $9.60
Potato chips 0.12 × $64) = $7.68
Pretzels (0.10 × $64) = $6.40
Stu deposited $400 in an account three years ago. Last year, he deposited $250 and plans to deposit $300 next year. The rate is 3 percent. Which one of these correctly states a portion of the formula needed to compute the future value five years from today
Answer and Explanation:
Future value = Present value x (1+i)^n, where
n = number of years
I = interest rate
From the question n = 8 years for the amount $400 ,
n= 7years for $250 ,
n=4years for $300
interest = 3%= 0.03
Future value of $400 = 400 (1 + 0.03)^8 = $506.71
Future value of $ 250 = 250 (1+0.03)^7 = $307.47
Future value of $ 300 =300(1+0.03)^4 = $337.65
____________the market school aruges that forward exchange rates do the best possible job for forecasting future spot exchange rates, so investing in exchagne rate forecasting services would be a waste of time.
Answer:
Efficient market school.
Explanation:
Efficient market school is the market school which argues that forward exchange rates do the best possible job for forecasting future spot exchange rates, so investing in exchange rate forecasting services would be a waste of time because it is impossible to have a consistent alpha generation on a risk adjusted excess returns basis as market prices are only affected by new informations.
The efficient market school also known as the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) is a hypothesis that states that asset (share) prices reflect all information and it is very much impossible to consistently beat the market.
Also, forward exchange rates are exchange rates controlling foreign exchange transactions at a specific future date or time.
Hence, according to the efficient market school it would be a waste of time investing in exchange rate forecasting services because all the information about an asset or security is already factored into their prices and as a result of the randomness of the market.
At December 31, 2017, Hawke Company reports the following results for its calendar year.
Cash sales $1,905,000
Credit sales 5,682,000.
In addition, its unadjusted trial balance includes the following items.
Accounts receivable $1,270,100 debit
Allowance for doubtful accounts 16,580 debit
Reqiured:
1. Prepare the adjusting entry for this company to recognize bad debts under each of the following independent assumptions.
A. Bad debts are estimated to be 1.5% of credit sales.
B. Bad debts are estimated to be 1% of total sales.
C. An aging analysis estimates that 5% of year-end accounts receivable are uncollectible.
2. Show how Accounts Receivable and the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts appear on its December 31, 2015, balance sheet given the facts in part 1a.
3. Show how Accounts Receivable and the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts appear on its December 31, 2015, balance sheet given the facts in part 1c.
Answer:
Hawke Company
1. Adjusting Entries to recognize bad debts under the following independent assumptions:
A. Bad debts are estimated to be 1.5% of credit sales:
Debit Bad Debts Expense $73,400
Credit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $73,400
To record bad debts expenses and bring the allowance for doubtful accounts balance to $56,820.
B. Bad debts are estimated to be 1% of total sales:
Debit Bad Debts Expense $92,450
Credit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $92,450
To record bad debts expenses and bring the allowance for doubtful accounts balance to $75,870.
C. An aging analysis estimates that 5% of year-end accounts receivable are uncollectible:
Debit Bad Debts Expense $80,085
Credit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $80,085
To record bad debts expenses and bring the allowance for doubtful accounts balance to $63,505.
2. Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2015:
A. Accounts Receivable $1,270,100
less allowance for doubtful accounts 56,820
Net balance $1,213,280
3. Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2015:
C. Accounts Receivable $1,270,100
less allowance for doubtful accounts 63,505
Net balance $1,206,595
Explanation:
a) Data:
Cash sales $1,905,000
Credit sales 5,682,000
Accounts Receivable $1,270,100
Allowance for doubtful accounts $16,580 debit
1. Bad debts = 1.5% of $5,682,000 = $56,820
2. Bad debts are estimated to be 1% of total sales:
Bad debts = 1% of $7,587,000 = $75,870
3. An aging analysis estimates that 5% of year-end accounts receivable are uncollectible:
Bad debts = 5% of $1,270,100 = $63,505
The adjusting entries to recognize bad debts including how Accounts Receivable and the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts appear on its December 31, 2015 balance sheet are:
1a. Journal entry to estimate Bad debts at 1.5% of credit sales.
First step is to calculate the Bad debt accrual
Bad debt accrual=Total credit sales × Bad debt accrual percentage
Bad debt accrual=$ 5,682,000×1.5%
Bad debt accrual=$85,230
Second step is to calculate Bad debt expense for Dec 31
Bad debt accrual $85,230
Less Allowance for doubtful account balance ($16,580)
Bad debt expense for Dec 31 $101,810
Third step is to prepare the Adjusting Entry
Debit Bad debt expense $101,810
Credit Allowance for doubtful account $101,810
(To record Bad debts at 1.5% of credit sales)
1b. Journal entry to estimate Bad debts at 1% of credit sales.
First step is to calculate the Bad debt accrual
Total credit sales $5,682,000
Total cash sales $1,905,000
Total sales $7,587,000
($5,682,000+$1,905,000)
Bad debt accrual % 1%
Bad debt accrual $75,870
($7,587,000× 1%)
Second step is to calculate Bad debt expense for Dec 31
Bad debt accrual $75,870
Less Allowance for doubtful account balance ($16,580)
Bad debt expense for Dec 31 $92,450
Third step is to prepare the Adjusting Entry
Debit Bad debt expense $92,450
Credit Allowance for doubtful account $92,450
(To record Bad debts at 1% of credit sales)
1c. Journal entry to estimate 5% of year-end accounts receivable are uncollectible
First step is to calculate the Bad debt accrual
Accounts Receivable $1,270,100
Bad debt accrual % 5.0%
Bad debt accrual $63,505
($1,270,100×5%)
Second step is to calculate Bad debt expense for Dec 31
Bad debt accrual $63,505
Less Allowance for doubtful account balance ($16,580)
Bad debt expense for Dec 31 $80,085
Third step is to prepare the Adjusting Entry
Debit Bad debt expense $80,085
Credit Allowance for doubtful account $80,085
(To record accounts receivable uncollectible)
2. How Accounts Receivable and the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts should appear on its December 31, 2015, balance sheet:
Balance Sheet as on December 31, 2015
Accounts Receivable (gross) $1,270,100
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts $101,810
Accounts Receivable (net) $1,168,290
3. How Accounts Receivable and the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts should appear on its December 31, 2015, balance sheet:
Balance Sheet as on December 31, 2015
Accounts Receivable (gross) $1,270,100
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts $80,085
Accounts Receivable (net) $1,190,015
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Ohno Company specializes in manufacturing a unique model of bicycle helmet. The model is well accepted by consumers, and the company has enough orders to keep the factory production at 10,000 helmets per month (80% of its full capacity). Ohno's monthly manufacturing cost and other expense data are as follows. Rent on factory equipment $11,000 Insurance on factory building 1,500 Raw materials (plastics, polystyrene, etc.) 75,000 Utility costs for factory 900 Supplies for general office 300 Wages for assembly line workers 58,000 Depreciation on office equipment 800 Miscellaneous materials (glue, thread, etc.) 1,100 Factory manager's salary 5,700 Property taxes on factory building 400 Advertising for helmets 14,000 Sales commissions 10,000 Depreciation on factory building 1,500 Margin check figures provide key numbers to confirm that you are on the right track. Instructions
(a) Prepare an answer sheet with the following column headings. Product Costs Cost Item Direct Materials Direct Labor Manufacturing Overhead Period Costs Enter each cost item on your answer sheet, placing the dollar amount under the appropriate headings. Total the dollar amounts in each of the columns. DM $75,000 DL $58,000 MO $22,100 PC $25,100
(b) Compute the cost to produce one helmet. P1-2A Classify manufacturing costs into different categories and compute the unit cost. (LO 2), AP Bell Company, a manufacturer of audio systems, started its production in October 2017.
Answer:
a)
Cost Item Direct Direct Manufacturing Period
materials labor overhead costs
Rent on $11,000
factory equip.
Insurance on $1,500
factory building
Raw $75,000
materials
Utility costs $900
for factory
Supplies for $300
general office
Wages for $58,000
assembly line
Dep. on office $800
equip.
Miscellaneous $1,100
materials
Factory manager's $5,700
salary
Property taxes $400
on factory building
Advertising $14,000
for helmets
Sales $10,000
commissions
Dep. on factory $1,500
building
TOTAL $75,000 $58,000 $22,100 $25,100
b) the cost to produce one helmet = total manufacturing costs / total output = ($75,000 + $58,000 + $22,100) / 10,000 helmets = $15.51