prenatal kynurenine exposure in rats: age-dependent changes in nmda receptor expression and conditioned fear responding

Answers

Answer 1

Rationale: Levels of kynurenic acid (KYNA), an endogenous terrible modulator of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) and antagonist at glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), are expanded in the talent of patients with schizophrenia (SZ). In rats, dietary exposure to KYNA's immediately precursor kynurenine at some stage in the final week of gestation produces neurochemical and cognitive deficits in maturity that resemble these viewed in patients with SZ.

Objectives: The current experiments examined whether prenatal kynurenine publicity results in age-dependent adjustments in the kynurenine pathway (KP), expression of selected receptors, and cognitive function.

Methods: Pregnant dams have been fed unadulterated mash (progeny = ECON) or mash containing kynurenine (100 mg/day; progeny = EKYN) from embryonic day (ED) 15 to 22. Male offspring have been assessed as juveniles, i.e., prior to puberty (postnatal day [PD] 32), or as adults (PD70) for intelligence KYNA levels, α7nAChR and NMDAR gene expression, and performance on a hint worry conditioning (TFC) task.

Results: KYNA degrees have been similar between juvenile ECON and EKYN rats, whereas EKYN adults exhibited a ~3-fold amplify in intelligence KYNA relative to ECONs. NR2A expression was constantly reduced (30-40 %) in EKYN rats at each ages. Compared to ECON adults, there used to be a 50 % reduction in NR1, and a vogue toward diminished α7nAChR expression, in grownup EKYN rats. Surprisingly, juvenile EKYN rats performed considerably higher in the TFC paradigm than controls, whereas person EKYN animals confirmed the estimated deficits.

Conclusions: Collectively, our results provide evidence that KP changes in the fetal talent alter neuronal improvement and cause age-dependent results on neurochemistry and cognitive performance.

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Related Questions

How many daughter cells are produced in mitosis? Are they diploids or haploids? How do you know?





How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis?
Are they diploids or haploids? How do you know?
Describe the daughter cells of mitosis in terms of genetic information
Describe the daughter cells of meiosis in terms of genetic information

I WILL GIVE BRAINIST AND I GIVE 50 POINTS

Answers

Answer:

25

Explanation:

chomisons are in a cell

Scientist combine engineer skin in a laboratory to treat severe Burns and other types of skin injuries despite all engineer tissues grown from living cells the cellular process enables the so to grow in develop into tissue is

Answers

Answer:

mitosis

Explanation:

The cellular process that enables the cells to grow and develop into tissue is mitosis.

Mitosis involves the division of the vegetative cells of the body and is important for the growth and development of organisms as well as in the healing of wounds or the replacement of damaged cells/tissues.

Hence, in treating burns and other types of skin injuries, the cells of the skin are stimulated to divide rapidly by mitosis so as to replace the damaged cells due to the injury. By doing so, the injured area heals.

PLZZZZZ ANSWER What is the advantage of genetic connections and disadvantage

Answers

Answer:

Genetic testing also helps individuals trace their family lines, not just to learn more about their own ancestry and heritage, but to identify and forge new relationships with relatives A sense of relief from uncertainty.

Reduce the risk of cancer by making certain lifestyle changes if you have a positive result.

In-depth knowledge about your cancer risk.

Information to help make informed medical and lifestyle decisions

Explanation:

A television remote control is used to direct pulses of electromagnetic radiation to a receiver on a television. What does this
communication between the remote control and the television illustrate about electromagnetic radiation?
A It possesses energy inversely proportional to its frequency
B
It is a longitudinal wave.
С
It transfers energy without transferring mass,
D
It diffracts and accelerates in air

Answers

It is c trust me that what I said

Answer:

Answers for the whole test are:

1.Infrared waves have lower frequencies than ultraviolet waves. Since frequency and energy are directly proportional, infrared waves also have less energy than ultraviolet waves.

2.The student should model a convex lens because it directs light toward the center of the lens.

3.It transfers energy without transferring mass.

4. to disinfect surgical rooms

5. X-rays would be best because they are high-energy waves that can penetrate solids.

Thank you

Good luck on your success.

Give 5.0 stars if 100%

The 2018 fires in California have been the deadliest in history. The fires use the Oxygen in the atmosphere and the carbon in the wood and produce Carbon Dioxide and water. What type of reaction is this?
First answer gets brainliest

Answers

Answer:

I believe it would be d

Explanation:

I looked up the definition for all of them and answer d is basically the scientific word for fire plus it includes oxygen it in it so that should be your answer let me know if I'm wrong

sub-saharan africans show the largest genetic diversity of any human population. this is likely to have resulted from a. a small breeding population, maintaining genetic diversity. b. the accumulation of genetic mutations over long periods of time. c. the introduction of genetic diversity from europe and asia. d. the accumulation of genetic mutations over the last 10 years.

Answers

accumulations of genetic mutations over time.

Genetic and epigenetic changes compound over time to cause cancer. While aging and chronic inflammation are the major causes of epigenetic changes, carcinogenic substances, UV radiation, and other conditions can also cause genetic changes. Our prior exposure levels and life history are reflected in the accumulation and patterns of changes in normal cells. The majority of accumulated changes are regarded as passengers, although they are linked to cancer drivers as they accumulate. Although only hypothesized for genetic changes, this has been demonstrated for aberrant DNA methylation. However, modern technology has made it possible to assess uncommon point mutations, and research has revealed that the rates of their accumulation do actually correspond with cancer risk.

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Please Help Make Sure you explain your answer i will be marking brainliest to the first person who is correct:)
SCIENCE....,,,,

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Lower pressure= higher up in the water

anything that goes up to the twilight zone or ocean surface loses pressure. Deep ocean to trench is the only one that descends.

How does a vaccine effect your body's antibodies?

Answers

Answer:

Read this you will find the answer :)

Explanation:

The body identifies antigens as dangerous and stimulates antibodies to attack them. ... The first time the body encounters a germ, it can take several days to make and ... disease just before or just after vaccination could develop symptoms

What role does oxygen play in the ETC (electron transport chain) of cellular respiration?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation: In cellular respiration, oxygen is the final electron acceptor. Oxygen accepts the electrons after they have passed through the electron transport chain and ATPase, the enzyme responsible for creating high-energy ATP molecules.

Explanation:

What muscle is commonly injured while sleeping?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

If you sleep on your back, a pillow that is too thick can strain the curvature of your spine and your neck muscles. If your pillow is too thin, side-sleeping can strain the muscles on the side of your neck

Muscular endurance is the amount of force that can be exerted by a single contraction of the muscle. True or false?.

Answers

False: The amount of force that can be exerted by a single muscle contraction determines muscular endurance.

What is the muscular endurance?

The capacity of a muscle or group of muscles to sustain repeated contractions against a force over an extended period of time is known as muscular endurance. The more repetitions you could perform, the stronger your muscle endurance was.

Why is muscle endurance important?

There are numerous reasons why muscular strength and endurance are crucial: increase the endurance with which you can carry out tasks like opening doors, lifting boxes, or chopping wood. lessen the chance of damage. assist you in maintaining a healthy weight.

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what would be the result in macromolecule structure and function if the world was based on a small nonpolar lipid

Answers

Changes is macro molecule structures are expected among other things.

Briefing :

There would be significant changes to proteins and carbohydrates if the Earth were built on a tiny non-polar lipid rather than water. Basic alterations in an organism might include solubility, catabolism, metabolism, and absorption. Because there aren't enough dissolved media, a lot of water-soluble material would become immobile.

However, other stuff that is soluble in fat will be very mobile and well absorbed. Sessile organisms that rely on nutrients that are dissolved in water for absorption, such as trees, will lose this capability. Finally, abiotic variables like precipitation and rock weathering will be affected. There will no longer be polar cap freezing or ice melting, and there will be an influx of a non-evaporating liquid.

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Identify the three reactants for photosynthesis (HELP)

Answers

Answer:

the three reactants are carbon dioxide, water and sunlight.

there's not rly any explanation needed.

Answer: carbon dioxide (6CO2), water (6H2O) and sunlight (energy)

A graph of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration over time is shown. Scientists are investigating the cause of the large increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration since about 1800. Which of the following provides the best explanation for the increase of carbon in our atmosphere?
A. Frequent eruptions of large volcanoes.
B. Naturally occurring fluctuations of in the carbon cycle.
C. Utilization of fossil fuels by humans for industrialization.
D. An increase in the sea level due to melting of ice.​

Answers

Answer:

C. Utilization of fossil fuels by humans for industrialization.

Explanation:

Frequent eruptions of large volcanoes were happening long before humans and will happen after humans too. They are not the reason why we are seeing so much CO2 in the last 200 years.

There are some naturally occurring fluctuations of carbon but not to the degree that we are seeing.

Melting of ice and sea levels rising is due to the global warming problem caused by our dependency on fossil fuels.

If it was alive at one time it will always be considered a biotic factor

T OR F

Answers

Answer:

True I think

Explanation:

The shape of a blackbody curve depends on what single property of the blackbody?.

Answers

The shape of a blackbody curve depends on the single property of the temperature of the blackbody. It is the only single property of the blackbody that affects the shape of a blackbody curve.

Temperature completely determines the shape of a blackbody curve as it shows a wide variety of results by their amount in the increased or decreased state.

Blackbody Curve is the curve that represents the intensity of spread of the radiation that is emitted by any type of object. The curve drawn sometimes refers to a mathematical type of idealization which is known as a blackbody as it is an object that is capable of absorbing all kinds of radiation falling upon it.

Each curve will show an intensity of radiation that exists over a wide range of wavelengths as it is emitted at a particular temperature by the blackbody.

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help if you can please match the answers with the questions

Answers

The description of groups are marked as follows:

Alkali metal, Group 1 = very reactive and soft metals.

Halogens, group 17 = very reactive nonmetals.

Noble Gases, Group 18 = very unreactive nonmetals.

Alkaline earth metals , group 2 = Not as soft as alkali metals. Reactive metals, but not quite as reactive as alkali metals.

What are groups in p eriodic table?

The groups of the periodic table is the column that is numbered from 1 to 18 from left to right of the periodic table.

Each group has a specific name attached to it some of which includes the following:

Alkali metal, Group 1 = very reactive and soft metals

Halogens, group 17 = very reactive nonmetals.

Noble Gases, Group 18 = very unreactive nonmetals.

Alkaline earth metals , group 2 = Not as soft as alkali metals. Reactive metals, but not quite as reactive as alkali metals.

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Which molecule synthesized by plants is a major source of energy for cellular processesin both plants and animals?

Answers

Answer:

The sun is the ultimate source of life for all living beings. In photosynthesis, plants transform light energy to chemical energy. Animals are receiving nutrition from eating vegetables. The only source of energy that a cell can use is a molecule called adenosine triphosphate .

Which one of the following factors does NOT affect Earth’s climate?

A. Ocean Currents
B. Energy from the Sun
C. Elevation
D. Soil Composition​

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

its just not any other one

Our soil cleans our water, feeds our trees and crops with vital nutrients, and controls numerous significant greenhouse gases in addition to helping to maintain the Earth's temperature. Thus option D is correct.

What is the soil impact on Earth climate?

On a smaller scale, soil can also affect climate. More so than drier, looser soils, wetter or denser soils hold heat and stabilize the environment from temperature variations.

In deserts, the temperature can rise by more than 60 °F in a single day. The largest repository for terrestrial carbon is healthy soil. In the carbon cycle, soils are essential because they absorb carbon from decaying plant tissue.

By storing carbon (carbon sequestration) and reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere, soils can be effectively managed to mitigate climate change.

Therefore, soil composition​ factors does NOT alter Earth’s climate.

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a transcutaneous pacemaker is most likely an intervention for which dysrhythmia? a. second-degree atrioventricular block, type i b. second-degree atrioventricular block, type ii c. wolff-parkinson-white syndrome d. wandering atrial pacemaker

Answers

A transcutaneous pacemaker is most likely an intervention for second-degree atrioventricular block, type ii dysrhythmia.

What is transcutaneous pacemaker?

A temporary method of pacing a patient's heart during a medical emergency is transcutaneous pacing (TCP), often known as external pacing. While some contemporary defibrillators can perform both tasks, transcutaneous pacing and defibrillation use pads and an electrical stimulus to the heart respectively. Defibrillation is used in more serious instances, such as ventricular fibrillation and other shockable rhythms. Electric current pulses are delivered through the patient's chest during transcutaneous pacing to stimulate the heart's contraction.

An unusually slow heart rate is the most typical transcutaneous pacing indication. By definition, bradycardia is a heart rate in an adult patient that is less than 60 beats per minute.

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What role do white blood cells perform in a human body?

protect against pathogens
conducting electrical impulses
secreting enzymes
carrying oxygen

Answers

White blood cells protect you against illness and disease. so Protect against pathogens

White blood cells are the ones that protect the body against pathogens. The correct option is A.

What are white blood cells?

White blood cells are components of the immune system. They aid the body's defense against infection and other diseases.

There are generally the following types of white blood cells:

Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils).MonocytesLymphocytes.

Thus, the correct option is A.

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List the 3 main types of heat transfer.

Answers

Answer:

conduction convection and radiation

Explanation:

I think

Which sphere of the Earth system includes snowfields, ice caps, and frozen ground?

Answers

Sorry if this is incorrect but cryopsphere ?

you are on a committee that is planning whether or not to build a tidal power plant near a diverse and healthy coastal habitat. describe at least two

Answers

The answer to the following question is-

Pros-

- Renewable.

- doesn't need fuel.

- Emission-free

- A trustworthy plant can endure 100 years.

- High performance

- reliable results

- can perhaps act as a storm surge barrier.

- Local rather than global environmental effects

Cons

- costly to construct

- extremely specific to place (only 20 sites identified with high potential)

- Requires non-continuous, grid-backup, or storage

- Barricades might prevent access to open water

- can alter the tidal level in the vicinity.

- Fish, marine mammals, and birds are affected

- upends normal tidal cycles

- reduces the salinity of tidal basins

- collects trash, waste, and pollution close to the coast

- decreases ocean kinetic energy

What is tidal power plant?

Tidal power or tidal energy is converted into usable types of power, primarily electricity, using a variety of techniques.

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Building a movie theater

What are the 4 benefits and costs of building a movie theater?

(In biology)

Answers

Answer:

Experience Instead Of A Possession. So many people realize that they don't want their homes or their lives filled with possessions.

Birthday Or Anniversary Event.

High-Quality Picture.

Only The Best Acting

HELP!!!
what is a component of cell theories
○Cells come from bacteria
○cells come from cells
○cells come from nonliving matter
○cells come from non-cells​

Answers

Answer:

cells come from cells

Explanation:

The component of cell theories is that all cells come from already existing cells by division.

The component of the cell is that it is the primary element of life and that all the living things are made of one or more cells.

New cells come from the old ones by division and it means that no living thing can come into being through the non-living thing.

Where can the following organelle be found:
Chromosomes

Prokaryotic Cells

Animal Cells

Plant Cells

Answers

Chromosomes found in sex cells, prokaryotic cells found in insects, animal cells found in humans/animals and plant cells found in plants

Where do chylomicrons go after leaving the epithelial cells of the small intestine

Answers

Answer:

Later they are used as our energy sources and git stored in our muscles.

Explanation:

The chylomicrons are transported to the circulatory system. Once in the circulation, they can either go to the liver or be stored in fat cells that comprise adipose tissue found throughout the body.

Hope it helps!

all you need is in the photo ​

Answers

Answer:

An example of abiotic factor include temperature, light and water. A seasonal

variation temp and precipitation will have a great impact on the population in the ecosystem

A mutation in the code for a trait may not always change the expression of that trait. What advantage does this provide cells?

Answers

Answer:

D:Some changes in the DNA sequence will not cause a change in the protein produced.

Explanation:

I did the test

Answer: D

Explanation:

I’m taking the test!

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Does the patient protection and affordable care act provide healthcare insurance to every individual living in the United states? Why or why not? A dynamic stretch is safe or unsafe Here's a box plot that summarizes the average monthly rainfall of several cities.A horizontal boxplot is plotted along a horizontal axis marked from 0 to 8, in increments of 0.5, labeled Monthly rainfall (centimeters). A left whisker extends from 3.5 to 5.5. The box extends from 5.5 to 7 and is divided into 2 parts by a vertical line segment at 6. The right whisker extends from 7 to 7.5. All values estimated.A horizontal boxplot is plotted along a horizontal axis marked from 0 to 8, in increments of 0.5, labeled Monthly rainfall (centimeters). A left whisker extends from 3.5 to 5.5. The box extends from 5.5 to 7 and is divided into 2 parts by a vertical line segment at 6. The right whisker extends from 7 to 7.5. All values estimated.Find the range of the data. 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ASAP can someone help me with this will mark you brainliest PLEASE HELP ME SOMEBODY ASAP I WILL TRY TO GIVE BRAINLIEST!!! Which one is the correct answer? 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If m F L G = 14 x + 5 and m H L G = 17 x 1 , find m F L H . During Dr. Martins visit with Mr. Hickman, he discovers that the patient has gained 22 pounds since his visit 4 months ago and that his triglycerides are high. Dr. Martin wants to check the recommended adult dosage of the cholesterol-lowering drug he intends to prescribe; calculate the patients body mass index (BMI) based on his height and weight; and give Mr. Hickman a patient education brochure explaining the link between physical inactivity, being overweight, and type 2 diabetes. Which of these functions can he accomplish using his practices EHR system? How would Dr. Martin go about gathering this information? How might the use of CDS tools help manage Mr. Hickmans diagnosis? when attending a networking event, question 23 options: meet one person and make sure they understand what your business is. tell others about your bad experiences with various local businesses. make sure you are selling and move on when your contact starts talking about her services. focus on the problems you can solve rather than listing the products or service that you sell. One group of nursing home patients drinks orange juice before watching aninformative film. A similar group drinks water before watching the same film.After the film, both groups are tested for their memory of the film's contents.Here, the independent variable is: