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In aerobic respiration, one glucose molecule results in a net ATP gain of 38 ATP.

For every oxidised glucose molecule, 38 ATP molecules can be created during cellular respiration. The oxidation of biological fuels in the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, during the process of cellular respiration results in considerable amounts of energy that are utilised to power the primary production of ATP.

Cellular respiration is the process through which chemical energy from food is transformed into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in an organism's cells, followed by the expulsion of waste materials. Respiration occurs during catabolic reactions, which break large molecules down into smaller ones and release energy. Respiration is one of the primary methods through which a cell releases chemical energy to fuel cellular activity. The total reaction is composed of various biochemical steps.        

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Answer:

Plant cells

Explanation:

The purpose of the chloroplast is to make sugars that feed the cell's machinery.

Answer:

Plant Cells require Chloroplasts.

Explanation:

A chloroplast is an organelle ( an organ within a cell) of a plant cell, who's main purpose is to convert energy from the Sun into chemical potential energy, otherwise known as photosynthesis.

The Giant’s Causeway and Devils Tower are two naturally-formed rock formations that are both located in different parts of the world and are known for their respective geological and cultural significance. Despite their vastly different locations, these two formations have many similarities.

Both the Giant’s Causeway and Devils Tower were formed by volcanic activity. The Giant’s Causeway was formed approximately 60 million years ago when a volcanic eruption caused large basalt columns to form. Devils Tower was formed even earlier, around 50 million years ago, when a volcanic intrusion solidified and created the towering formation.

Both formations have also been carved by erosion over time. The Giant’s Causeway is made up of thousands of basalt columns, which have been carved by the sea into their current shape. Devils Tower is a single, towering column of igneous rock that is estimated to have been eroded by the Belle Fourche River over millions of years.

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The correct answer to the question is b. Fatty acids of less than 12 carbons enter the lymphatic system packaged in chylomicrons.

After absorption, fatty acids are taken up by the lymphatic system and transported in the form of chylomicrons. Chylomicrons are lipoproteins composed of lipids, proteins and other substances, and are the largest form of lipoproteins.

Chylomicrons are mainly composed of triglycerides and cholesterol esters, and are responsible for the transport of fatty acids from the small intestine to the rest of the body. These chylomicrons contain fatty acids of less than 12 carbons, which are then transported throughout the body via the lymphatic system.

Once the fatty acids reach the liver, they are either metabolized or stored as fats. In order to enter the blood, fatty acids of 16 or more carbons must be packaged in lipoproteins, such as very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). These VLDLs are then transported to the liver via the portal vein.

In summary, fatty acids of less than 12 carbons enter the lymphatic system packaged in chylomicrons, while fatty acids of 16 or more carbons enter the blood and then the liver via the portal vein.

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Biochemical pathways are well organized and structured pathways which convert substrate into an end product by a series of steps. So the correct option is C

Biochemical pathways are also known as metabolic pathways. Glycolysis is a fundamental and key biochemical pathway with its mechanism taking place in the body of nearly all living organisms and acts as a major source of supplying energy to the body in the form adenosine triphosphates (ATP).

Different chemical reactions occuring at each step are linked together to generate an entire set of well defined mechanisms. Various  reactants, products and intermediates are known as metabolites usually catalyzed by predefined enzymes in various enzymatic reactions.

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The four components of Mendel's theory that resulted in the Law of Separation are as follows:

1. Variations in genetic features are explained by alternate versions of genes.

2. The creature acquires two alleles of her for each attribute (one from each parent).

3. When two alleles vary at a locus, one (dominant) controls the appearance of the organism. There is no discernible influence of recessive alleles on appearance.

4. The law of segregation states that during gametogenesis, two alleles of an inherited characteristic separate, resulting in distinct gametes.

Mendel's first law outlines how two copies of a gene's alleles break into gametes. During gametogenesis, Mendel's second law outlines the independent ordering of alleles from distinct genes.

Each gamete receives just one randomly picked copy of the gene when an organism produces gametes. This is referred to as the Law of Segragation. Punnett squares can be used to predict genetic cross offspring genotypes (allele combinations) and phenotypes (observable attributes).

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Answer:

it's called foot inversion

normally the foot can perform inversion upto 30 degrees...I hope this helps

The statement that best explains the state of the water cycle in this ecosystem is: Water stays predominantly in lakes or groundwater sources.

The correct option is C.

The entire group of organisms and the natural setting in which they live together make up an ecosystem. Through nutrient cycles and energy exchanges, these biotic and abiotic elements are interconnected. Photosynthesis is the mechanism by which energy enters the system and is absorbed into plant tissue.

Since no rainfall occurs during the year of study in the ecosystem, the water is present in lakes and underground water.

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Becasue of their high productivity and quality of soil the biome types that have lost the greatest percentage of theri original area to humans are grassland

The grassland biome is one of the most productive and diverse biomes on the planet, making it a prime target for human development and agricultural activities. Unfortunately, due to its high productivity and quality of soil, grassland biomes have lost the greatest percentage of their original area to humans.

Grasslands are found on every continent except Antarctica, and they typically have cool winters and warm summers. The soil in grasslands is very fertile and able to support a variety of plants, animals, and other organisms. This makes it an ideal location for agriculture, and many humans have taken advantage of this by clearing the land and converting it to farmland.

Not only have humans cleared grassland for farming, but they have also converted large areas to urban and suburban development. The combination of these two activities has caused a dramatic reduction in the amount of grassland that is available to animals and other organisms.

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Xylem is a type of specialized vascular plant tissue that moves water and other substances from the roots of the plant to its leaves and other organs.

Xylem is composed of tube-like structures that transport water, minerals, and other organic compounds. Xylem is found in both vascular and nonvascular plants, but it is the primary mechanism by which water moves within the plant in nonvascular plants.

Xylem consists of two types of cells: tracheids and vessel elements. Tracheids are long, slender cells that form the walls of the xylem. They are connected end-to-end, forming a continuous tube. Vessel elements are shorter, wider cells that are arranged in a ring, creating a tube-like structure. The walls of the vessel elements are perforated, allowing water and other substances to move freely through them.

Xylem is important for the health of the plant. It is responsible for providing the plant with the water and other substances it needs to stay alive. It also helps to transport nutrients and other essential materials, such as hormones and proteins, throughout the plant. Without xylem, plants would not be able to survive.

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Answer

(mitosis steps first)

Prophase II: Starting cells are the haploid cells made in meiosis I. Chromosomes condense.

Metaphase II: Chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate.

Anaphase II: Sister chromatids separate to opposite ends of the cell.

Telophase II: Newly forming gametes are haploid, and each chromosome now has just one chromatid.

Production of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) gas which is proposed to be banned in India, is used in refrigerators.

The correct option is B

Chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons are formed as volatile derivatives of methane, ethane, and propane. They are fully or partially halogenated hydrocarbons that contain carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and fluorine. Freon, a brand name owned by DuPont, is another frequent name for them.

They were used formerly as refrigerants in refrigerators. However, it was discovered that the ozone layer in Earth's atmosphere, which shields the planet from the sun's harmful UV rays, might be destroyed by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). CFCs were widely utilized as refrigerant gases and as propellants in aerosol sprays when the scientists published their findings in 1974.

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Answer:

d. they live inside host cells

Organelle helps the cell maintain homeostasis are Cell membrane, Mitochondria, Autophagosomes, Lysosomes

The cell's outer layer, or cell membrane, acts as a largely permeable barrier to the extracellular environment. The cell membrane is a semi-permeable barrier that only permits certain chemicals to enter the cell.

Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, but they also actively contribute to homeostasis. The cytoplasmic levels of nutrients are detected by mitochondria, which are also involved in the breakdown of lipids.

By destroying and eliminating hazardous substances including outdated or damaged organelles, pathogens, protein aggregates, and storing nutrients like lipid droplets, autophagosomes contribute to homeostasis. These dangerous chemicals are delivered to lysosomes by autophagosomes. The primary recyclers within a cell are lysosomes. They export their remains outside the cell after digesting the deadly chemicals.

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The portion of the plant that is directly involved in the pollination process is the flower portion that is present in the second option, as the flower has the female part that can fertilize to give rise to the zygote.

In plants, the pollination process happens, and as a result, a new plant is developed and the pollination can be carried out by many factors, such as the wind, honey bees, and others, and they help the flowers be fertilized.

Hence, the portion of the plant that is directly involved in the pollination process is the flower portion that is present in the second option, as the flower has the female part that can fertilize to give rise to the zygote.

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Answer:

The second option, the pink flower

Explanation:

Answer:

d. four

Explanation:

Carbon can form maximum of four bonds to other atoms due to its electronic configuration and valence electron counts).

The selections below do not necessarily affect the body's need for salts in terms of membrane permeability.

Aldosterone, a hormone made in the kidneys' adrenal cortex, promotes water and Na+ reabsorption from extracellular fluids through diffusion. One mechanism for regulating aldosterone secretion is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway.

When dissolved in a liquid, such as blood, electrolytes, which are minerals, have an electric charge. The sodium, magnesium, chloride, and bicarbonate in the blood assist control neuron and muscle activity and keep the acid-base balance stable.

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The enzyme that can proof-read the DNA molecule during the process of DNA replication is called DNA polymerase. DNA polymerase is responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing strand of DNA during replication.

Some DNA polymerases, such as DNA polymerase III and DNA polymerase I, have a proofreading exonuclease activity that allows them to remove any nucleotides that are not correctly paired with the template strand during replication.

The proofreading exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase works by recognizing mismatches between the nucleotides that have been added to the growing strand and the template strand. When a mismatch is detected, the exonuclease activity of the enzyme removes the incorrectly paired nucleotide, allowing the polymerase to add the correct nucleotide in its place.

This proofreading activity increases the accuracy of DNA replication, reducing the number of errors made during replication to approximately 1 in 10^5 nucleotides.

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An example of how scientists can better understand a complex system by studying its smaller component parts is looking at how cells work.

What are Cells?

Cells basically are the basic building blocks of all living things. They are the smallest units of life, and they make up all organisms, from single-celled bacteria to complex plants and animals. Cells are made up of many different parts, including a nucleus, mitochondria, and cytoplasm. Cells are able to reproduce, grow, and specialize to form the various tissues and organs of the body.

They are the basic building blocks of all living things, and understanding how cells work can help scientists better understand how the body and its systems work as a whole. By studying the components of cells such as proteins, DNA, and organelles, scientists can gain insight into how the complex functions of the body operate, and how diseases such as cancer may be caused or treated.

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If left untreated, squamous cell carcinoma of the external ear can spread through the temporal bone causing hearing loss, facial paralysis and dizziness.

Squamous cell cancer or carcinoma is a type of a skin cancer which develops in the squamous cells of the skin. This type of cancer can be very aggressive and spread to different parts of the body.

Squamous cell cancer present in the external ear can grow deeper in the body and is very likely to spread to other parts. If the tumor is left untreated and grows happens to grow into the temporal bone of the ear, it is possible that it can cause effects like hearing loss, dizziness, and even facial paralysis.

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a. Pericardiumb. Pulmonary circuitc. Systemic circuitd. Atriae. Septum

The energy available to the organisms in Level 3 will be much less than the 25,000,000 kilocalories that are produced in the ecosystem each year.

This is because energy is lost due to metabolic processes, respiration, and other losses as the energy moves from one trophic level to the next.

For example, in a typical food chain, producers are at the bottom and represent about 10% of the total energy available. This means that of the 25,000,000 kilocalories produced each year, only 2,500,000 kilocalories are available for the primary consumers in Level 2. As the energy moves up the pyramid, the amount of energy available to each level decreases. By the time it reaches Level 3, only a fraction of the original energy remains.

In addition to energy losses as the energy moves up the pyramid, organisms in Level 3 may also compete with each other for the available energy. This competition will further reduce the amount of energy available to them.

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The Circulatory system works with the respiratory system to circulate blood and oxygen throughout the body.

The respiratory system is supported by the circulatory system, which carries blood to and from the lungs. The circulatory system is made up of the heart and blood arteries. The circulatory system assists in moving nutrients and oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and organs. Additionally, it aids in the removal of trash and carbon dioxide.

The network of organs and tissues that aids in breathing is known as the respiratory system. It consists of your blood vessels, lungs, and airways. The respiratory system also includes the muscles that propel your lungs. Together, these components help the body circulate oxygen and eliminate waste gases like carbon dioxide.

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Answer: Choice A

Explanation:

The total number of moths captured yearly is five. Inwhichoneis light moths and the other three are dark moths.

Moths come in a wide range of sizes, with wingspans that range from roughly 4 mm (0.16 inch) to nearly 30 cm (about 1 foot). They are highly adaptive and can survive anywhere but in arctic regions. Moths have scale-like coverings on their wings, body, and legs that fall off when the insect is handled. Moths have sturdier bodies and duller coloring than butterflies. Moths also have recognizable thick or feathered antennae. Moths retain their wings stretched at their sides or folded tent-like over their bodies when at rest, whereas butterflies hold their wings upright.

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In Point insertion DNA sequence is changed by adding one or more nucleotides to the gene. In deletion DNA sequence changed by removing at least one nucleotide in a gene.

In general, a Point mutation refers to alteration in a single base pair of DNA by substitution, deletion, or insertion of a single nitrogenous base. most common example of point mutation is sickle cell anemia. that consists of mutation in a single base pair in the beta-globin chain of hemoglobin pigment in the blood cells.

While , deletion mutation generally takes place when part of a DNA molecule is not copied during DNA replication. Thus the uncopied part remains as small as a single nucleotide or as an entire chromosome.

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When individuals experience incongruity between their genital anatomy and gender role, they experience gender dysphoria.

When your gender is inconsistent with how you identified at birth, this is referred to as gender incongruence. Gender incongruent individuals may identify as transgender (trans) or gender varied. Some transgender people experience gender dysphoria, which is the psychological distress brought on by a discrepancy between one's assigned sex at birth and one's gender identity.

People who identify as transgender might choose to socially confirm their gender (such as by changing their name and pronouns) or legally affirm their gender in a variety of ways (such as changing the gender markers on official documents), medical affirmation (such as pubertal suppression or hormones that promote gender equality), and/or surgical affirmation (e.g., vaginoplasty, facial feminization surgery, breast augmentation, masculine chest reconstruction, etc.).

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