pls help me for my work I have 20 mins left :((

When ochre starfish are removed from intertidal communities in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, the mussels, which are a favorite food of starfish, become dominant and the number of sessile animal species declines. The interactions between the mussels and the other sessile animals that are not eaten by starfish is an example of competitive exclusion.

Competitive exclusion is a principle in ecology stating that two species competing for the same limited resource cannot coexist in the same environment. One species will always outcompete the other, leading to the decline or extinction of the less competitive species.

In this case, when ochre starfish are removed, the predation pressure on mussels is reduced, allowing them to thrive and compete with other sessile species for space and resources. As a result, the mussels become dominant and outcompete other sessile species, leading to a decline in their numbers.

This example highlights the importance of top predators like ochre starfish in maintaining the balance and biodiversity within ecosystems. The presence of predators can limit the growth of certain species, preventing them from dominating the environment and ensuring the survival of a diverse range of other species.

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The components needed for a Sanger sequencing reaction include: (a) Template DNA (b) A primer to bind one strand of DNA (d) DNA polymerase (e) Deoxynucleotides (dNTPs) (f) Di-deoxynucleotides (ddNTPs)

To perform a Sanger sequencing reaction, several components are required. These components include template DNA, a primer to bind one strand of DNA, DNA polymerase, deoxynucleotides (dNTPs), and di-deoxynucleotides (ddNTPs).

The template DNA serves as the starting point for the sequencing reaction. The primer binds to the template DNA, providing a starting point for DNA polymerase to begin replicating the DNA sequence. In Sanger sequencing, only one primer is necessary as the reaction is performed in a single direction.

DNA polymerase is required to elongate the DNA sequence, adding new nucleotides to the growing strand of DNA. Deoxynucleotides (dNTPs) are the building blocks of DNA and are necessary for elongation. Di-deoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) are also required but in a limited quantity. These nucleotides lack a 3' hydroxyl group, which means that when they are incorporated into the growing strand of DNA, the polymerase can no longer add nucleotides. This results in a chain termination, producing fragments of DNA of different lengths that can be analyzed to determine the sequence.

In summary, a Sanger sequencing reaction requires template DNA, a primer, DNA polymerase, deoxynucleotides (dNTPs), and di-deoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) to produce fragments of DNA that can be analyzed to determine the sequence.

The complete question is;

What components are needed for a Sanger sequencing reaction (select all)? Explain in 200 words

(a) template DNA

(b) a primer to bind one strand of DNA

(c) 2 primers - 1 to bind the top strand of DNA and 1 to bind the bottom strand of DNA

(d) DNA polymerase

(e) deoxynucleotides (dNTPs)

(f) di-deoxynucleotides (ddNTPs)

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One concern about GM crops is that GM crops will harm wildlife.

Genetically modified crops (GM crops) are those that have been genetically altered in order to enhance their attributes. These crops have the ability to resist disease, insects, and herbicides, as well as improve food quality and yield.

The concern regarding GM crops is that they can have unintended negative impacts on the environment, human health, and food security.

One of these impacts is the potential to harm wildlife. GM crops may be toxic to animals that consume them or rely on them for food, causing disruption to ecosystems and damaging populations of wildlife as a result.

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If a child who lives in an inner city presents with signs of encephalopathy, and examination shows radio-dense deposits in the epiphyses of their long bones and anemia with basophilic stippling of red cells, the likely cause of this is lead poisoning.

When a child who lives in an inner city presents with signs of encephalopathy, and examination shows radio-dense deposits in the epiphyses of their long bones and anemia with basophilic stippling of red cells, the likely cause of this is lead poisoning. Lead poisoning is a type of poisoning that occurs when lead builds up in the body, usually over a period of months or years. Even tiny amounts of lead can be hazardous, and lead poisoning can cause a variety of health problems, including developmental delays, learning difficulties, and seizures, among others.

Lead poisoning is caused by exposure to lead, which can occur in a variety of ways, including through contaminated soil, dust, water, and food. Children who live in inner-city environments, where lead is often present in high concentrations due to factors such as lead paint and leaded gasoline, are particularly vulnerable to lead poisoning.

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Marcia should look for cilia in the respiratory tract, where they play an important role in the innate immune mechanisms of the human body.

The respiratory tract is lined with mucous membranes that contain ciliated cells, which use their hair-like projections to move mucus and trapped particles upward and out of the airways, preventing them from entering the lungs. This mechanism helps to protect the lungs from harmful particles and pathogens in the environment. Additionally, cilia are also found in other locations in the body, such as the fallopian tubes, where they aid in the movement of eggs towards the uterus.

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The ground-squirrel population has experienced a genetic bottleneck due to the earthquake.

A genetic bottleneck occurs when a population undergoes a drastic reduction in size, which can result in a loss of genetic diversity. In this case, the earthquake killed 98% of the squirrels, leaving only a small surviving population. This surviving population had a different genetic makeup than the initial population, with a higher frequency of individuals with broader stripes.

It is important to note that the broader stripes may or may not have been the reason for the survival of the individuals with this trait. It could be that the surviving individuals happened to have broader stripes by chance, or there could be some other factor that led to their survival.

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Explanation:

The true statement about the relationship between biotic and abiotic factors is: Abiotic factors determine the composition of biotic factors in an ecosystem. The correct option is B.

Biotic factors refer to living things in an ecosystem. These include animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria, among others. Abiotic factors, on the other hand, refer to non-living things that affect the environment. These include sunlight, temperature, water, soil, and air.

Biotic and abiotic factors are interconnected, meaning that they influence each other. Abiotic factors affect the behavior, growth, and distribution of biotic factors. Biotic factors also affect abiotic factors. For example, sunlight is an abiotic factor that is important for plant growth.

Plants are biotic factors that produce oxygen, which is an abiotic factor that animals need for respiration. Therefore, the composition of biotic factors in an ecosystem is determined by the abiotic factors present.

Therefore, the correct option is B.

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The statement "the selection of an appropriate euthanasia method should address considerations of humaneness to the animal, safety for the staff and onlookers, and experimental needs" is true concerning euthanasia of mice.

Choosing the right method is crucial for ensuring the welfare of the animal and the safety of those involved in the process. It is important to take into account the humaneness of the method, as well as any potential risks to staff and observers, and the specific requirements of the experiment.

While neonatal mice may have different sensitivities to certain euthanasia methods, such as carbon dioxide, experimental criteria alone should not determine the acceptable method.

Moreover, once respiration stops in mice euthanized with carbon dioxide, it is essential to confirm the death of the animal before placing it in an airtight bag and transferring it to the necropsy refrigerator, as cessation of breathing may not always be a definitive indicator of death.

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The statement that is true concerning inversions in evolution is "inversions lead to suppression of recombination, which allows adaptive alleles to remain without threat of crossing over".

An inversion is a gene mutation that occurs when a segment of a chromosome is flipped or reversed. There are two types of inverses: pericenter inverse and pericenter inverse. Inversions can have a significant impact on a population's genetic variation.

Recombination is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Inversion prevents recombination from occurring in the inversion segment, which can be beneficial in certain circumstances.

Blocking this recombination allows the preservation of favorable genetic combinations in the inversion, which can increase adaptation and potentially lead to new species formation.

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The reproductive organ of the flower which sticks up higher than the other organs is pistil. The color of pistil may differ in every species of flower.

Pistil in a flower is the female reproductive part. The pistil constitutes of three components: stigma, style and ovary. The stigma is the topmost part of the flower which it sticky in nature. This is so that the pollens can stick over it for the process of fertilization. The stigma usually us covered with pollens so hence the color of stigma is actually the color of pollens stuck on it.

Flower is the whole reproductive part of the plants. The flower is comprised of various components like the sepals, petals, stamen and pistil. The petals are colorful whose function is to attract the pollinators towards itself. The actual reproductive parts are the stamen and pistil.

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Just from the independent assortment that takes place during meiosis, there are roughly 8 million potential genetic options for each gamete we generate in humans.

During fertilisation, there are roughly 64 trillion different ways that a gamete might join to create an offspring.As a result, the chromosomal combinations of two gametes are almost never identical. There are hundreds to thousands of distinct genes on each chromosome. Homologous chromosomes are randomly allocated to daughter cells during cell division during meiosis, whereas distinct chromosomes segregate apart from one another.It produces gametes with distinctive chromosomal arrangements.

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Out of the provided options, the following statement is true of kinetochores: they are sites at which microtubules attach to chromosomes. Kinetochores are essential structures in the process of cell division.

Kinetochores are protein complexes that form on the centromere region of a chromosome, serving as an attachment point for spindle fibers (microtubules) during cell division.
In the process of mitosis, the following steps involving kinetochores occur:
1. During the prophase, the chromosomes condense, and kinetochores start to assemble at the centromere region of each sister chromatid.
2. In the prometaphase, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers (microtubules) extend from the centrosomes. The kinetochores on each sister chromatid capture the spindle fibers, ensuring proper attachment.
3. At the metaphase, the chromosomes align at the cell's equator (also known as the metaphase plate), with the help of kinetochores and spindle fibers.
4. In the anaphase, the sister chromatids separate as the kinetochores' spindle fibers shorten and pull the chromatids toward opposite poles of the cell.
5. During the telophase and cytokinesis, the separated chromatids reach the cell poles, the nuclear envelope re-forms, and the cell divides.
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Using twin studies and other methods, researchers have examined how genetics and environment affect phenotypic.

When Edward Thorndike (1905) used fifty pairs of twins for the first study utilising psychological exams, this element was still not fully known. The idea that familial effects fade with age was first put forth in this work.

Along with her colleague, psychiatrist Viola Bernard, Neubauer designed the experiment to examine one of psychology's most important issues: nature versus nurture, or whether environment or heredity has a greater influence on human behaviour.

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Consequently, sexual development may infer that "sex" refers to a collection of biological characteristics present in both humans and animals. The term "sex" refers to a set of biological traits in both humans and animals.

The main factors include physico-physiological traits such chromosomes, gene expression, hormone levels and functions, and reproductive/sexual anatomy. Genes, hormones, and reproductive organs, including the genitalia, are all involved in a group of unusual disorders referred to as variations in sex development.

It shows that a person's sex development is different from what most other people experience. Terms like Diverse Sex Development, Differences in Sex Characteristics, and Disorders of Sex Development are occasionally used. Some DSD adults and kids choose to use the term "intersex" to describe their condition.

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A flatworm typically hunts and eats other organisms to obtain its food. Flatworms are carnivorous and have a simple digestive system that consists of a mouth, pharynx, and gut.

They use their mouth to capture prey, such as small invertebrates, and their pharynx to suck in and digest their food.

Some flatworms, such as certain species of planaria, are scavengers and may feed on decaying organic matter. However, this is not their primary mode of obtaining food, as their digestive system is better suited to processing animal tissue.

Flatworms do not undergo photosynthesis, as they are not photosynthetic organisms and do not have chloroplasts or other structures required for this process. They also do not filter pond water, as their diet consists primarily of solid food sources.

In summary, flatworms are carnivorous organisms that hunt and eat other organisms as their primary mode of obtaining food.

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By looking at forelimbs of several vertebrates (animals with backbones), we can see that they have similar bone structure even though limbs have completely different functions/ forms. This tells scientists that these organisms all have a common ancestry or shared evolutionary history.

By looking at the forelimbs of vertebrates, scientists can see that they have  similar bone structure even though the limbs have different functions or appearances. This similarity suggests that vertebrates all share common ancestor, which had a forelimb with similar bone structure.

The presence of homologous structures, such as the forelimbs, provides evidence for evolution and helps scientists understand the relationships between different species. By comparing homologous structures, scientists can infer evolutionary relationships between organisms and reconstruct evolutionary history of life on Earth.

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Renewable resources are those that can be replenished naturally and relatively quickly, such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass.

They are often considered environmentally friendly because they emit less pollution and greenhouse gases than nonrenewable resources. However, their implementation can sometimes be limited by their intermittency, as some of them, like wind and solar, depend on weather conditions.

Nonrenewable resources, on the other hand, are finite and take millions of years to form, such as fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas. They are extracted by mining or drilling and are often used as energy sources. However, their use can have negative impacts on the environment, such as air and water pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.

It is essential to balance the use of both renewable and nonrenewable resources to ensure sustainable development and reduce negative environmental impacts. While renewable resources are increasingly being adopted due to their potential for reducing pollution, nonrenewable resources will continue to play a significant role in the world's energy mix for the foreseeable future.

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Operon sequences method of gene regulation is used by prokaryotic cells to promote or inhibit transcription Option(1)

At the transcriptional level, prokaryotic cells control the expression of their genes. Repressive control, activator control, and inducible control are the three mechanisms used to regulate an operon's transcription. More transcription takes place when more protein is needed.

As a result, transcriptional regulation is primarily responsible for controlling gene expression in prokaryotic cells.

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Full Question: what method of gene regulation is used by prokaryotic cells to promote or inhibit transcription? responses

The most likely impact of the new selective pressures imposed by global warming on the relationship between plant species that flower in response to increasing daily temperatures and their pollinators is that migrating pollinators will start migrating earlier in the year and will switch from spring-flowering plants to summer-flowering plants.

As temperatures increase, the plant species will flower earlier in the spring in response to rising temperatures. However, if the pollinators continue to migrate based on changes in day length and the position of the sun, they may miss the early flowering of the plants and the opportunity to pollinate them.

As a result, the pollinators may start to shift their migration patterns to later in the year when summer-flowering plants are in bloom. This could lead to changes in the timing of flowering and pollination, as well as potential disruptions to the ecosystem.

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Alfred Russel Wallace, a British naturalist and one of the co-discoverers of evolution by natural selection, proposed an explanation for why placental mammals were found predominantly west of the Wallace Line, and marsupial mammals were found predominantly east of the line.

Wallace noted that the Wallace Line, which separates Bali and Lombok from the bigger landmasses of Asia to the west and Australia to the east, correlates to a deep oceanic trench. According to his theory, the Wallace Line served as a biogeographical divide between two distinct biotic zones, each of which had its own specific flora and fauna.

Wallace claimed that due to the eastern region's isolation from the rest of the world for millions of years, unique species, such as marsupial animals, have been able to evolve there. This region includes Australia and the nearby islands. Contrarily, the western region, which encompasses Southeast Asia and much of mainland Asia, had been linked to the larger landmasses of Africa and Eurasia, enabling the interchange of species, including placental animals, across these continents.

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According to the data provided The magnitude of the electric field in the membrane is 7.78 × 107 V/m.

The magnitude of the electric field in the membrane can be calculated as follows:

Potential outside the membrane = 70 mV

Potential inside the membrane = 0 mV

We know that,

Electric field = (Potential difference) / (Distance)

The potential difference across the membrane = Potential outside the membrane - Potential inside the membrane

= 70 mV - 0 mV

= 70 mV

Distance across the membrane = thickness of the membrane= 9.0 × 10-9 m

Therefore, the magnitude of the electric field in the membrane is given as:

Electric field = (Potential difference) / (Distance)

= 70 mV / 9.0 × 10^-9 m

= 7.78 × 10^7 V/m

Therefore, the magnitude is 7.78 × 107 V/m.

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The probable question may be:

Use the following data for all cell membrane problems that follow:

-   Potential outside the membrane is higher than that inside by 70 mV

-   Membrane surface area is 5 × 10^- 9 m 2 .

-   Membrane thickness is 9 . 0 × 10^- 9 m .

-   Membrane dielectric is constant 5.

-   Membrane resistance is 5 . 0 × 10^9 Ω .

What is the magnetitude of the electric field in the membrane?

The components is typically acknowledged as Volume = L(A + the rectangular root of (A*B) + B) divided via three Trapezoidal method: This approach is also used in calculating volume with contour lines. The components is Volume = L x 1/2 (A1 + A2) cubic meter.29-Dec-2021

There are 3 kinds of contour traces you will see on a map: intermediate, index, and supplementary.

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A contour interval is the vertical distance or difference in elevation between contour lines. Index contours are bold or thicker strains that appear at each and every fifth contour line. If the numbers related with specific contour lines are increasing, the elevation of the terrain is additionally increasing.

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Answer:

On hot or windy days, water evaporates more quickly and the plant loses more water. It may close the stomata to prevent too much water loss - however, most plants cannot continue to photosynthesize as there is no further gas exchange.

Explanation:

The stomata controls the amount of water a plant intakes as well as being responsible for controlling gas exchange between plants. If the stomata closes in order to prevent the plant from losing too much water, it also prevents the exchange of gases like CO2 which causes photosynthesis to cease.

Lac operon is regulated by a repressor protein known as lac repressor. It is also regulated by inducer protein called CAP. It is inducible, under negative and positive control.

Lac operon has a CAP site, where the CAP is bound, followed by a promoter protein which is overlapped with Lac repressor which is followed by genes lacZ, lacY and lacA. The gene expression is switched off by default by the Lac repressor.

Energy production from glucose is always preferred when it is present, because it requires less energy and less steps. But when lactose is the only sugar of choice, the gene is expressed.

When glucose is present and lactose absent - cAMP levels are low due to increased level of oxygen. Repressor is bind to the site. No transcription occurs.

When glucose and lactose are present- Lac repressor is released due to the presence of allolactose. But low cAMP levels and CAP cannot bind to the site. Transcription happens limitedly.

When glucose and lactose absent - no transcription

When glucose absent and lactose present - High levels of cAMP, so CAP binds to the site. Allolactose binds with repressor and the transcription occurs.

So, lac operon is inducible under negative and positive control.

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The most likely ultimate cause for the early metamorphosis in the tadpoles is the change in environmental conditions, such as the drying up of the pond, food restriction, increased salinity, and increased population density.

The ultimate cause for the early metamorphosis in tadpoles living in drying ponds is the lack of resources (food and water). When the pond starts to dry up, the amount of water in the pond decreases, resulting in increased salinity. Food also becomes scarce due to the decreased water volume. The increased density of the tadpole population further exacerbates the problem, leading to a lack of resources for the tadpoles. These environmental cues act as a trigger for metamorphosis, which allows the tadpoles to transform into adult frogs earlier than usual.

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Answer:

Explanation:

the male first. those are signs of a heart attack and he could die quickly. it would take longer for the woman to bleed out.

The 63-year-old male should be prioritized over the lady for the emergency care as he has pain in the chest and unable to breathe correctly which are signs of a heart attack.

The symptoms of a heart attack include chest pain, weakness, shortness of breath, and pain in the jaws, neck, back, arms, and shoulder.

A heart attack happens if a part of the heart does not get enough blood. If the blood flow to the heart muscles is not restored, it may severely damage them. The most common cause of a heart attack is a coronary artery disease. Sometimes the blood flow is als stopped due to the sudden contraction of the artery or a severe spasm. These may be a less common cause of heart attack.

The chances of heart attack can be minimized by doing some physical activity, change in the diet, stress management, avoiding smoking and other lifestyle changes which may be helpful for reduced risk of a heart attack.

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Answer:

humans

Explanation:

Answer:

The chloroplast contains chlorophyll, which catches the sun's energy to use.

Explanation:

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The adaptive advantage of light-colored skin that helps explain its evolution in high latitudes is that it aids in the production of vitamin D.

Vitamin D is produced when the skin is exposed to sunlight. In high latitudes, there is less sunlight, so having lighter skin allows for more efficient production of vitamin D. Vitamin D is important for the absorption of calcium and other nutrients, so it is important for overall health and well-being. There are other adaptive advantages to light-colored skin as well.

For example, it helps prevent skin cancer by allowing for more efficient repair of DNA damage caused by UV radiation. Additionally, it aids in the digestion of milk by allowing for more efficient conversion of sunlight into vitamin D, which is necessary for the absorption of calcium from milk. These adaptations are important for survival in high latitudes where sunlight is less abundant.

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