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29. Define the terms.
exclusive jurisdiction:
concurrent jurisdiction:
original jurisdiction:
appellate jurisdiction:
Answers
Exclusive jurisdiction refers to a legal authority or power held by a court or other judicial body to hear and decide certain types of cases to the exclusion of all other courts.
What is an Example?For example, some federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction over patent disputes.
Concurrent jurisdiction is when two or more courts have the authority to hear and decide the same type of case. For example, both federal and state courts may have concurrent jurisdiction over certain types of civil cases.
Original jurisdiction refers to a court's power to hear a case for the first time. This is typically the trial court level, where evidence is presented, and a decision is made. In contrast, appellate jurisdiction refers to a court's power to review and potentially overturn decisions made by lower courts, typically on legal grounds rather than factual ones.
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SCENARIO TWO FACTS: Potter is a professional jockey who has been riding in horse races for ten years. Just after he left the starting gate, Potter's horse veered away from another horse approaching on his right and stumbled on a clod of dirt in the racetrack. Potter fell and injured his back. Potter sued the racetrack owners for failure to use due care in maintaining the racetrack.
1. Explain what, if any, responsibility each party has regarding the injuries sustained from the attack. Plaintiff Defendant
2. What, if any, claim does the plaintiff have? Explain
3. What, if any, affirmative defense does the defense have?Explain
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The plaintiff is Potter, the professional jockey who was riding in the horse race and got injured. The defendant is the racetrack owners, who are responsible for maintaining the racetrack.
What is the responsibility each party has?1. In this scenario, the plaintiff is Potter, the professional jockey who was riding in the horse race and got injured. The defendant is the racetrack owners, who are responsible for maintaining the racetrack.
The plaintiff may argue that the defendant had a duty of care to ensure that the racetrack was safe for the horses and jockeys to ride on. The defendant, on the other hand, may argue that they took all reasonable measures to maintain the racetrack, and the plaintiff's injuries were caused by the horse's behavior.
2. The plaintiff may have a claim for negligence against the defendant. Negligence is a legal theory that holds individuals or organizations responsible for the harm they cause as a result of their failure to take reasonable care to prevent that harm.
In this case, the plaintiff may argue that the defendant failed to use due care in maintaining the racetrack, which led to the plaintiff's injuries. To succeed in a negligence claim, the plaintiff must prove that the defendant had a duty of care, breached that duty, and that the breach caused the plaintiff's injuries.
3. The defendant may have an affirmative defense of assumption of risk. Assumption of risk is a legal theory that holds that if a person engages in a risky activity, they accept the risks associated with that activity. In this case, the defendant may argue that the plaintiff, as a professional jockey, assumed the risks associated with riding in a horse race, including the risk of injury.
The defendant may also argue that the plaintiff was aware of the dangers of horse racing and chose to participate anyway, thereby assuming the risk of injury. To succeed with an assumption of risk defense, the defendant must prove that the plaintiff knew of the risks and voluntarily chose to assume them.
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What are some arguments in favor of and opposing the reduction of police discretion?
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Answer:
Arguments supporting and opposing the acceptance of gratuities and benefits A. Arguments in support of acceptance Appreciation Natural and reasonable to show appreciation to those providing a public service. Rude to refuse. Not significant Gratuities are not significant enough to buy or cultivate favour.
The estimated cost to America for traffic crashes caused by underage drinkers is more than ___________ billion dollars per year.
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Answer:
According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in 2010, the estimated economic cost of crashes involving underage drinking was $24 billion per year in the United States. However, it is important to note that this figure may have changed in recent years due to various factors such as changes in traffic laws, population growth, and changes in alcohol consumption patterns.
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What is racial profiling in law enforcement, and what are some of the methods that have been prescribed to stop it?
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Answer:
Racial profiling refers to the process by which law enforce- ment relies on generalizations based on race, colour, descent or national or ethnic origin, rather than objective evidence or individual behaviour, to subject people to stops, detailed searches, identity checks and investiga- tions
Please choose the most common units of astronomical distances used in astronomy. Choose three.
Feet (ft)
Parsec (pc)
Centimeters (cm)
Miles (mi)
Light-year (ly)
Meter (m)
Astronomical Unit (AU)
Solar-year (sy)
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The textbook names four generalizations about American law enforcement. Identify those four generalizations.
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Answer:
Law enforcement agencies at the federal, state, county, and municipal levels. Federal law enforcement agencies, which are officially part of the executive branch of the United States government, are separate from other law enforcement agencies as well as legislative and judicial bodies.
Explanation:
Brainliest Please!
Explain the doctrine of legal guilt.
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Answer:
Legal culpability relates to whether the prosecutor can establish beyond a reasonable doubt that you committed the crime. Whether you committed the crime or not, you are not legally guilty unless the prosecution has enough evidence to convict you beyond a reasonable doubt in front of a court or jury.
Explanation:
Brainliset Please!
How do different governments influence one another?
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Governments can influence each other in various ways, including through diplomacy, economic ties, military alliances, cultural exchange, and international organizations. Here are some examples:
Diplomacy: Governments can engage in diplomatic efforts to promote their interests and influence other countries. This can include negotiations, treaties, and agreements between governments to address issues of mutual concern, such as trade, security, or environmental protection.
Economic ties: Governments can influence each other through their economic relations, such as trade agreements and foreign investment. Economic sanctions or tariffs can also be used to pressure governments to change their policies.
Military alliances: Governments can form alliances with other countries for mutual defense and security. These alliances can influence each other's military strategies and policies, as well as their relationships with other countries.
Cultural exchange: Governments can promote cultural exchange and cooperation through programs such as student exchanges, cultural festivals, and language programs. This can help foster understanding and positive relationships between countries.
International organizations: Governments can influence each other through international organizations such as the United Nations, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund. These organizations provide a forum for countries to cooperate on global issues, such as climate change, human rights, and economic development.
Overall, governments can influence each other in a range of ways, and the nature of these interactions depends on the specific goals and priorities of each government.
Since the Gideon v. Wainwright legacy guaranteed the right to legal representation, all public defenders are ethically bound to be independent and take no direction from the government. How did this decision create equity in the legal system?
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The Gideon v. Wainwright decision created equity in the legal system by ensuring that all defendants, regardless of their financial status, have the right to legal representation.
Prior to this decision, only those who could afford an attorney had access to legal representation, leaving many indigent defendants to represent themselves in court. This led to a significant disadvantage for those defendants and often resulted in unjust outcomes. By guaranteeing the right to legal representation, the decision ensured that all defendants would have access to a trained legal advocate who could help ensure their laws were protected and provide them with a fair trial. Public defenders, who are ethically bound to be independent and take no direction from the government, were established to provide legal representation to those who could not afford to hire an attorney. This has helped level the playing field and created greater equity in the legal system by ensuring that all defendants have access to competent legal representation.
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Using the Department of Justice Organizational Chart, identify three federal law enforcement agencies that are of interest to you.
Once you have identified the three agencies that are of interest to you, go to the agency’s website and research the requirements and training for each agency. Make a chart that identifies the following information for all three agencies:
What is the minimum age for applicants?
What are the minimum physical requirements – hearing, vision, etc. – for all applicants?
What is the minimum education requirement for applicants?
Are there any physical tests that measure specific physical abilities? If so, what are those abilities?
Is there a background check? What areas are covered by the check?
Is there a psychological evaluation, lie detector test, or similar kind of test to measure mental characteristics and mental health?
Where does training take place? Is this the same facility for all applicants? Why or why not?
How long is training?
What is covered in training?
How are candidates evaluated during training? Are there options to retake tests that are failed?
Once training is completed, what is the next step in the career path? Describe this step, whether it is additional training, a field placement, or something else.
Once you have answered all of the above questions for each agency, compare and contrast the agencies. Write a 450-word discussion of the similarities and differences between the agencies that you studied. Make sure to address why these agencies show similarities or differences.
Make sure your work is typed in a standard 12-point font, spell-checked, and double spaced, and submit your work to your teacher.
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Answer:
Using the Department of Justice Organizational Chart, identify three federal law enforcement agencies that are of interest to you.
Once you have identified the three agencies that are of interest to you, go to the agency’s website and research the requirements and training for each agency. Make a chart that identifies the following information for all three agencies:
What is the minimum age for applicants?
What is the minimum education requirement?
What kind of training is required?
Agency Minimum Age Minimum Education Requirement Training Required
FBI 23 Bachelor's Degree 21-week training at FBI Academy
DEA 21 Bachelor's Degree 16-week training at DEA Training Academy
ATF 21 Bachelor's Degree 24-week training at ATF Academy
What are the minimum physical requirements – hearing, vision, etc. – for all applicants?
What is the minimum education requirement for applicants?
Minimum Physical Requirements:
Hearing: Applicants must be able to hear with or without the use of a hearing aid.
Vision: Applicants must have visual acuity of at least 20/40 in each eye, with or without corrective lenses.
Minimum Education Requirement:
Applicants must have at least a high school diploma or equivalent.
NOTE: PLEASE PROVIDE SPECIFIC QUESTION
Fruit Tree Negligence. Mr. Mattingly, a farmer, has a legal right to apply pesticides to his fruit trees. One year, he decided to hire a crop-dusting airplane to spread a pesticide on his orchard. An unexpected gust of wind blew the chemical onto a neighbor's beehives, killing all the bees, The neighbor sued Mattingly for the value of the 60 beehives. Mattingly argued that a good fruit farmer has to apply pesticides and that the crop duster had exercised extreme caution in applying the chemical.
1. Was Mr. Mattingly negligent? Should strict liability apply to this case?
2. How should Mr. Mattingly defend this case? Explain.
3. How would you decide this case? Explain your answer.
Answers
Yes, Mr. Mattingly was negligent. Although he had a legal right to apply pesticides to his fruit trees, he also had a duty to do so in a manner that did not cause harm to his neighbors.
Mr. Mattingly could defend this case by arguing that he acted with reasonable care in hiring a crop-dusting airplane to apply the pesticide and that the unexpected gust of wind was an unforeseeable event that he could not have prevented.
In deciding this case, the court would need to consider whether Mr. Mattingly breached his duty to take reasonable care to prevent harm to his neighbor's property.
What is Negligence?Negligence is a legal concept that refers to the failure of an individual or entity to exercise reasonable care, resulting in harm or injury to another person or property. To establish negligence, a plaintiff must prove four elements:
Duty: The defendant owed a duty of care to the plaintiff;Breach: The defendant breached that duty of care by failing to act with reasonable care or skill;Causation: The defendant's breach of duty caused harm or injury to the plaintiff; andDamages: The plaintiff suffered actual damages as a result of the harm or injury.In other words, negligence occurs when someone fails to take reasonable care to prevent harm to others, and that failure results in harm or injury. Negligence is a common legal concept in many areas of law, including personal injury, medical malpractice, and product liability.
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What is a legal custom
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Answer: A legal custom is the established pattern of behavior that can be objectively verified within a particular social setting. A claim can be carried out in defense of "what has always been done and accepted by law".
Compare the average kinetic energy of molecules of a cold solution to the average kinetic energy of molecules in a warm solution.
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Answer:
Explanation: giải phương trình
{2x + 3y=0
4x -3y=0
The average kinetic energy of molecules in a cold solution is lower than the average kinetic energy of molecules in a warm solution. This is because the temperature of a solution is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules in the solution.
The average kinetic energy of the molecules in a solution increases along with the increase in temperature.
A molecule's kinetic energy is the energy it has as a result of motion. Joules (J) are used to measure it. The average kinetic energy of a collection of molecules is calculated by multiplying the total kinetic energy by the total number of molecules in the collection.
A molecule's temperature has a direct relationship with its kinetic energy. This implies that a molecule's kinetic energy grows along with its temperature. Kinetic energy and temperature are related by the following equation: KE = 3/2kT
where KE is the molecule's kinetic energy, k is Boltzmann's constant, and T is the molecule's temperature.
Because the molecules in a cold solution have low temperatures, they also have low average kinetic energies. Since the molecules in a heated solution have high temperatures, they also have high average kinetic energies.
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Geographic Location of the Mass Prison Era
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Answer:In recent history, the rapid increase in incarceration started with the tough-on-crime, law-and-order, war-on-drugs policies initiated by President Nixon and established by President Reagan. Presidents Bush and Clinton continued those policies and exacerbated them with Clinton's 1994 crime bill.
Explanation:
In recent history, the rapid increase in incarceration started with the tough-on-crime, law-and-order, war-on-drugs policies initiated by President Nixon and established by President Reagan. Presidents Bush and Clinton continued those policies and exacerbated them with Clinton's 1994 crime bill.
CAN YOU IDENTIFY ANY BIASES THIS AUTHOR MIGHT HAVE?
These 3 Common Arguments For Preserving the Electoral College Are Wrong from TIME Magazine
Why We Need the Electoral College from Real Clear Politics
This proposal calls for popular vote to determine the winner from PBS NewsHour
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Answer:
cannot speculate on the personal biases of any author as it would require knowledge about their thoughts, beliefs, and values, which I do not possess. However, I can say that each of these articles presents a different perspective on the Electoral College and its role in American politics. It is up to the reader to critically evaluate the arguments presented and consider any potential biases or assumptions underlying them.
In the context of strategies used in drug enforcement in the US, explain crop eradication and the problems associated with its implementation.
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Answer:
Manual eradication or aerial spraying of a herbicide combination, the major element of which is glyphosate, is used to eliminate drug crops in the United States under the trade name Roundup®. Eradication can be carried out freely or involuntarily by growers.
Explanation:
Brainliest, please!
Not allowing women to serve in high ranking combat positions has long been argued to
be a form of
?
O Discrimination
O Humiliation
O Popularization
O Segregation
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Answer: Option B, Humiliation
Explanation: Even though this is not my type of work, i say B because humiliation would be considered mocking, so I'm guessing they mocked women thinking they didn't have the capabilities.
A summary court martial tries enlisted personnel for smaller, noncapital crimes.
O
True
O
False
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Why do police generally not like to respond to domestic violence calls?
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Answer:
Domestic violence in India includes any form of violence suffered by a person from a biological relative but typically is the violence suffered by a woman by male members of her family or relatives. Although Men also suffer Domestic violence, the law under IPC 498A specifically protects only women.
How are US Supreme Court justices placed in their positions?
A. nonpartisan election
B. congressional election
C. appointment
D. partisan election
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Answer:
c
Explanation:
all us justices are nominated by the President, confirmed by the Senate, and hold a life tenure
Which historical events have caused American authorities to want to surveil persons?
There may be more than one correct answer. Be sure to select all that apply.
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Please provide an example of each stage of Lawrence Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory in either a single event or separate events for each stage in your scenario (which may be factual or fictional);
1.) Pre-conventional
2.) Conventional
3.) Post-conventional
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What is a legal custom
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Answer:
A legal custom is the established pattern of behavior that can be objectively verified within a particular social setting. A claim can be carried out in defense of "what has always been done and accepted by law".
Explanation:
List and explain the two reasons the American criminal justice system is a non-system.
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Answer:
This article discusses contemporary criticism of the present criminal justice system, which has been labeled a "nonsystem" since its three primary components—law enforcement, courts, and correction—are frequently mismanaged and inefficient.
Explanation:
Brainliest, Please!
Ikemba is a Marine judge advocate defending three enlisted Marines from the charge of having abused enemy
combatants captured in a recent raid on a terrorist camp. What area of law does Ikemba's case involve?
O
administrative
O
international
O
operations
O
criminal
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Answer:
The answer to your question would be "criminal".
write a thesis about Bentleys law
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Bentley's law, also known as the principle of anticipatory repudiation, is a legal concept that allows a party to a contract to terminate the agreement if they have reason to believe that the other party will not fulfill their obligations. This law serves as a crucial tool in contract law, as it seeks to prevent future disputes and promote efficiency in negotiations. The principle of anticipatory repudiation provides a legal framework for parties to act in good faith, encouraging them to fulfill their contractual obligations promptly and honorably. Through the application of Bentley's law, parties can better preserve and protect their rights, thus promoting fairness and equity in the contractual relationship.
what were the crimes commited during the mass prison era
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Answer:
Murder
Negligent manslaughter
Robbery
Using the links for the federal agencies below, respond to the prompts across the top of the chart.
What of the Purpose/Objective of these Agencies?
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-
U.S. Forest Service (FS)-
National Park Service (NPS)-
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS)-
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)-
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-
Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)-
Bureau of Land Management (BLM)-
Office of Environmental Management (OEM)-
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Answer:
The prompt is asking for an analysis of how the policies of each federal agency listed are impacting the health of the Chesapeake Bay. To evaluate this, we can use the Bay Report Card provided by the Chesapeake Bay Foundation.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): The EPA plays a key role in implementing and enforcing federal policies that affect the Chesapeake Bay. Its policies focus on reducing pollution and restoring water quality in the Bay. The Bay Report Card shows that the overall health of the Bay has improved in recent years, with the water quality score improving from a D+ in 2010 to a C in 2020. This suggests that the EPA's policies are having a positive impact on the health of the Bay.
U.S. Forest Service (FS): The FS manages national forests and grasslands, which can impact the Chesapeake Bay through its watersheds. The Bay Report Card notes that forested land is a key contributor to the health of the Bay, as it helps to filter pollution and reduce erosion. Therefore, the policies of the FS that promote forest conservation and restoration can have a positive impact on the health of the Bay.
National Park Service (NPS): The NPS manages several parks and historic sites in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Its policies aim to protect and restore natural resources in these areas, which can have a positive impact on the health of the Bay. For example, NPS policies that promote the restoration of wetlands and other critical habitats can help improve water quality in the Bay.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS): The FWS is responsible for protecting and restoring fish and wildlife habitats in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Its policies focus on reducing pollution and improving water quality, which can have a positive impact on the health of the Bay. The Bay Report Card notes that the health of the Bay is closely linked to the health of its fish and wildlife populations, making the policies of the FWS critical to the overall health of the Bay.
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS): The USGS conducts research and provides data on natural resources in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Its policies aim to improve our understanding of the Bay's ecology and the factors that impact its health. The data and research provided by the USGS can be used to inform policies aimed at reducing pollution and improving water quality in the Bay.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA): NOAA is responsible for protecting and restoring ocean and coastal ecosystems, including the Chesapeake Bay. Its policies focus on reducing pollution and restoring habitats, which can have a positive impact on the health of the Bay. The Bay Report Card notes that the health of the Bay is closely linked to the health of its coastal habitats, making the policies of NOAA critical to the overall health of the Bay.
Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS): The NRCS is responsible for helping farmers and landowners implement conservation practices that protect natural resources, including the Chesapeake Bay. Its policies focus on reducing pollution and improving soil health, which can have a positive impact on the health of the Bay. The Bay Report Card notes that agricultural practices are a key contributor to the health of the Bay, making the policies of the NRCS critical to the overall health of the Bay.
Bureau of Land Management (BLM): The BLM manages public lands in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, including forests, wetlands, and other critical habitats. Its policies aim to protect and restore these lands, which can have a positive impact on the health of the Bay. The Bay Report Card notes that the health of the Bay is closely linked to the health of its natural resources, making the policies of the BLM critical to the overall health of the Bay.
Office of Environmental Management (OEM): The OEM is responsible for managing the cleanup of hazardous waste sites and reducing environmental risks in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Its policies focus on identifying and addressing sources of pollution, which can have a positive impact on the health of the Bay. The Bay Report Card notes that reducing pollution is critical to improving the health of the Bay, making the policies of the OEM critical to the overall health of the Bay.
In summary, the policies of each federal agency listed can have a positive impact on the health of the Chesapeake Bay by reducing pollution, improving water quality, and protecting critical habitats. The Bay Report Card shows that the health of the Bay has improved in recent years, suggesting that the policies of these agencies are having a positive impact. However, continued efforts are needed to further improve the health of the Bay and ensure its sustainability for future generations.
Explain how the three I’s of police selection (intelligence, integrity, and interaction skills) relate to the success of a police officer.
Answers
Answer:
Under Integrity, the text mentions that police should have a lifestyle that allowsthem to stay honest. Do you think that the salaries that police earn are enough toallow a comfortable lifestyle? Why or why not?•Under Interaction Skills, the text states that police should get along with peopleof diverse backgrounds. This includes not just racial minorities, but also women,people from different income levels, children, and the elderly. In general, why doyou think the breakdown in communication occurs when it does
Even though he's only 19 years old, Bennie has witnessed more murders than he can
count in his St. Louis neighborhood. He's been involved in his neighborhood gang
since he was in elementary school and has committed many illegal acts he felt
pressured to do. However, he's come to the point where he's making some contacts
outside of his gang friends when he walks to another neighborhood where his friend
Donny has moved. Donny tells him about other activities he's involved in, such as a
community center basketball program. By the time he turns 21, Bennie has started
spending less time with his friends in the gang and more time connected with his
friend Donny and Donny's welcoming family. He began to reject the view that the
gang is central to his life or that killing is "necessary to survive" as he used to believe.
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Murder is defined as the unlawful killing of another human without reason or legitimate argument, particularly the unlawful killing of another human with hatred in mind.
How is a homicide defined?Murder is defined as the unlawful killing of another human without reason or legitimate argument, particularly the unlawful killing of another human with hatred in mind.
Depending on the region, this state of thought may differentiate murder from other types of unlawful homicide, such as manslaughter. Manslaughter is defined as murdering done without malice[note 1] and caused by reasonable provocation or reduced ability. Where it is acknowledged, involuntary manslaughter is a shooting that lacks all but the most diluted guilty purpose and carelessness.
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