Broken windows (hence the theory's name), vandalism, loitering, public drinking, jaywalking, and evasion of transportation fare create an urban environment that encourages even more crime and disorder.
2. A defense against criminal liability known as strict liability is one in which the defendant asserts that the consumption of narcotics rendered him or her incapable of forming the necessary intent to commit a crime. a strong argument when the intoxication was unintentional.
3. One of the most significant discoveries of the 20th century was the discovery of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA for short. Not only has it been used to solve a lot of crimes, but it has also acquitted wrongfully convicted people and solved a lot of cold cases.
4. The term The term "insanity defense" refers to a legal concept rather than a medical one. This indicates that having a mental illness alone does not constitute insanity. refers to a legal concept rather than a medical one. This indicates that having a mental illness alone does not constitute insanity.
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The Freedom of Information Act was created to afford the public information into government activities. After reading the article, do you believe that government agencies should be able to use exemptions to conceal information requested by the public? Are there other ways to provide the public information without disclosing trade secrets or personal information to the public?
The question of whether government agencies should be able to use exemptions to conceal information requested by the public is a complex one.
While transparency in government activities is crucial for accountability, there may be valid reasons for exemptions to protect certain information, such as trade secrets or personal data.
However, it is essential to strike a balance between transparency and the need for confidentiality. One alternative approach is to implement robust procedures for redaction, ensuring that sensitive information is appropriately removed while still providing relevant information to the public.
Additionally, promoting proactive disclosure of non-sensitive information and increasing public access to anonymized data can also enhance transparency while safeguarding private and confidential information.
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Given the three R's of sentencing (Restitution, Rehabilitation, and Retribution) explain which best ensures faith in the criminal justice system and has the best outcomes.
Explain how Diversion from the criminal justice system would effect the communities faith in the criminal justice system.
Rehabilitation best ensures faith in the criminal justice system and has the best outcomes.
Rehabilitation focuses on addressing the underlying causes of criminal behavior, providing offenders with the tools and support necessary to reintegrate into society as law-abiding citizens. By prioritizing rehabilitation, the criminal justice system demonstrates a commitment to transforming individuals and reducing recidivism rates, ultimately promoting public safety and community well-being.
It offers hope for offenders to change their lives, encourages empathy and understanding, and reinforces the belief that people can be rehabilitated. This approach aligns with progressive ideals of rehabilitation and offers a more inclusive and compassionate justice system, which fosters trust and confidence among communities and stakeholders.
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Identify at least three criminal justice stories in the media.
Can you identify an ideology associated with the story? What
questions are presented by the issues presented? What data is
presented? Is
Criminal justice stories in the media The death of George Floyd in police custody. The ideology associated with this story is systemic racism within law enforcement agencies.
The questions presented by this issue are whether or not police officers are adequately trained to de-escalate situations without using excessive force and whether or not police departments are held accountable for officers who abuse their power. Data presented in this story includes body camera footage of the incident, witness testimony, and statistics on police brutality.
The college admissions scandal involving celebrities and wealthy families. The ideology associated with this story is the prevalence of white privilege and elitism in higher education. The questions presented by this issue are whether or not wealthy families have an unfair advantage in the college admissions process, whether or not standardized testing is an accurate measure of academic potential, and whether or not students from low-income backgrounds are disproportionately affected by this system.
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Q2 - Select the option that is an INCORRECT response to the following statement: Why is governance of technology so important?
A: Technology is an enabler
B: Technological developments are disruptive and pose risks and opportunities
C: Technology enables the protection and accessibility of information
D: Employees through reckless behaviour cause the most technology breaches
Answer: D: Employees through reckless behaviour cause the most technology breaches
Explanation: This response is incorrect because it does not address the importance of governance of technology. While employee behavior can be a factor in technology breaches, it is not the only reason why governance of technology is important. The other options (A, B, and C) provide valid reasons for why governance of technology is important.
Q2 - Select the option that is an INCORRECT response to the following statement: Why is governance of technology so important? A: Technology is an enabler B: Technological developments are disruptive and pose risks and opportunities C: Technology enables the protection and accessibility of information D: Employees through reckless behaviour cause the most technology breaches
Answer:C: Technology enables the protection and accessibility of information
Explanation:
I need to find and cite 3 mandatory authorities discussed in the
Brown V. Hammond case, and 3 persuasive authorities relevant to the
case.
In legal practice, Mandatory authority refers to a primary source of law that a court must follow when making its decision. The three mandatory authorities discussed in a case typically vary depending on the jurisdiction, subject matter, and other case-specific factors are Statutes,Precedents and Constitutional provisions.
However, here are three examples of mandatory authorities that could be discussed in a case:
1. Statutes: This refers to the written laws enacted by legislative bodies. Courts must follow the language and requirements of applicable statutes when making their decisions. For instance, if a case involves a dispute over the interpretation of a particular statutory provision, a court may rely on the text of the statute, its legislative history, and other related materials.
2. Precedents: This refers to the prior decisions made by higher courts in similar cases. Courts are generally bound to follow the holdings of prior cases from higher courts within their jurisdiction. For example, if a case involves a novel legal issue, a court may look to the relevant precedent from the same jurisdiction or from other jurisdictions with similar legal standards.
3. Constitutional provisions: This refers to the provisions contained in the federal or state constitutions. Courts are required to follow the dictates of the constitution when interpreting and applying the law. If a case involves a constitutional issue, a court may analyze the relevant constitutional text, history, and case law to reach its decision.
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In American Politics, should we alter the Constitutional
amendment process to make ratification of amendments like the Equal
Rights Amendment easier? Why or why not?
Yes, we should alter the Constitutional amendment process to make ratification of amendments like the Equal Rights Amendment easier.
The current amendment process outlined in the Constitution requires a supermajority of states to ratify an amendment, which has proven to be an arduous and lengthy process. By making it easier to ratify amendments like the Equal Rights Amendment, which seeks to ensure gender equality, we can expedite progress towards achieving fundamental rights for all citizens.
This change would reflect the evolving values and priorities of society, ensuring that the Constitution remains a living document capable of addressing contemporary challenges. Simplifying the ratification process would promote inclusivity, equality, and social justice, reinforcing the democratic ideals upon which the United States was founded.
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Case Study: ALS & ICE Bucket challenge
The purpose of this assignment is to address one or more public administration topics within the case, justify the analysis with relevant references, and make clear and reasonable recommendations.
Read the case study attached. Then, complete the following:
Problem Statement (about 200 words)
Key/Core problem identification in your own words
Analysis and Theory Application (about 500 words)
Specific external academic references to apply to identified problem
Must use a minimum of 5 external academic references
Recommendations (about 200 words)
1-2 specific recommendations
The problem statement, analysis and theory application, and recommendation should be in the context of public budgeting and finance.
The Case Study Analysis assignment must be cohesive, readable, and well-structured. It must be the student’s original writing (no block quotes)
Problem Statement The problem that is associated with the ALS & ICE Bucket challenge is a Public Administration problem.
This challenge involves a charitable movement that was initiated by ALS in the US. ALS disease is an illness that damages neurons that are responsible for voluntary muscle movements.
The disease causes muscle stiffness, weakness, and difficulty in moving. The initiative aimed at raising awareness about the disease and raising money to finance research on the cure for ALS.
This movement created a buzz on social media, especially after celebrities participated in the challenge.The major problem with this initiative was the use of the funds collected. The money was used for a wider range of purposes, not necessarily for finding a cure for the disease.
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Hamilton states "It proves incontestably, that the judiciary is beyond comparison the weakest of the three departments of power." Why are the courts often considered the weakest branch? Do you agree? Why or why not? Make sure and discuss how judicial review arises, and how judicial review might change Hamilton's argument. Why might it do so?
The statement by Hamilton, that the judiciary is "beyond comparison the weakest of the three departments of power," reflects the perception that the courts, compared to the executive and legislative branches.
Limited enforcement powers Unlike the administrative branch, which has the authority to apply laws, and the legislative branch, which can produce or amend laws, the bar's power is primarily centered around interpreting and applying being laws. The courts calculate on other branches to apply their opinions, which can limit their direct impact.
Lack of direct control over coffers The bar depends on the superintendent and legislative branches for backing, staffing, and structure. This dependence can produce vulnerabilities and implicit limitations on the court's capability to serve singly. Non-partisan nature The courts are designed to be unprejudiced andnon-partisan, making them less susceptible to political influence.
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Lilith is employed as a skydiving instructor and describes herself as a renegade. She has been arrested six times for reckless driving and twice for identity theft. She has testified in court that she
Obsessive-Compulsive personality disorder best hits Lilith . Disorder characterized by a pattern of unwelcome thoughts and worries that cause you to engage in routine activities . Option B is correct .
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by a pattern of unwelcome thoughts and worries (obsessions) that cause you to engage in routine activities (compulsions). We may attempt to ignore or stop these obsessions, but doing so only serves to exacerbate your distress and anxiety. These compulsions and obsessions interfere with daily activities and cause significant distress. In the end, you feel compelled to engage in compulsive behaviors in an effort to relieve pressure. Despite efforts to ignore or get rid of unpleasant thoughts or urges, they make you want more.
This causes OCD's vicious pattern of more ritualistic behavior. OCD frequently revolves around particular themes, such as an excessive fear of microorganism contamination. You might wash your hands obsessively until they are red and chapped to alleviate your concerns about contamination.
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Complete question as follows :
Lilith is employed as a skydiving instructor and describes herself as a renegade. She has been arrested six times for reckless driving and twice for identity theft. She has testified in court that she has never committed a crime in her life, that her coworkers were framing her, and that they should be arrested instead. Which personality disorder best hits Lilith?
A. Borderline
B. Obsessive-Compulsive
C. Paranoid
D. Antisocial
NAME OF UNIT: CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR IN SOUTH AFRICA: A PSHYCHOSOCIAL APPROACH
1. What might some of the multiple causes of criminal behaviour be? (Maximum 300 words)
2. What might some of the multiple causes of criminal behaviour be? (Maximum 300 words)
3. How might psychophysiological factors be related to criminal behaviour? (Maximum 300 words)
4. What are the legal, social, and psychological definitions of delinquency? (Maximum 300 words)
5. What are the legal, social, and psychological definitions of delinquency? (Maximum 300 words)
6. What are the legal, social, and psychological definitions of delinquency? (Maximum 300 words)
Crime has many different causes. People break the law for a variety of reasons, including low self-esteem, liquor and drug abuse, poverty, and parental neglect.
Some people are more likely to commit crimes because of the circumstances in which they were born. It is undeniable that poor housing, social inequality, low educational attainment, poor diet, low self-esteem, and impulsivity are all interrelated factors that contribute to criminal behavior and substance use. Criminals share a number of characteristics with one another.
3. More importantly, psycho physiological research can contribute to the understanding of criminality and delinquency theories by revealing the mechanisms that underpin deviant behavior. Character factors impact one's proclivity towards horrendous act. Insane ism anticipated self-detailed misconduct, while high maniacal ism and neuroticism anticipated under socialization, as indicated by Levine ET Al
4. Wrongdoing alludes to conduct that abuses cultural lawful or moral standards; It typically refers to actions that, if carried out by an adult, would be considered illegal. Numerous individual circumstances and characteristics have been linked to the emergence of adolescent delinquency. Age, gender, issues during pregnancy and delivery, impulsivity, aggression, and substance abuse are individual traits.
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What are the 3 main areas of gender inequality in the world?
The three main areas of gender inequality in the world are: economic inequality, political underrepresentation, and gender-based violence and discrimination.
Economic inequality refers to the disparity in opportunities and outcomes between men and women in terms of employment, wages, and access to resources. In many countries, women tend to be concentrated in low-paying jobs and are often paid less than men for performing the same work. This is known as the gender pay gap. Additionally, women face barriers in accessing credit, land ownership, and entrepreneurship opportunities, limiting their economic independence and empowerment.
For example, in some countries, women are more likely to work in unpaid or informal sectors, such as domestic work or agriculture, which lack legal protections and benefits. This perpetuates a cycle of poverty and restricts their ability to improve their socio-economic status.
Political underrepresentation refers to the unequal representation of women in positions of power and decision-making. Women are often underrepresented in political offices, parliaments, and leadership roles. This lack of representation hampers the ability to address gender-specific issues and implement policies that promote gender equality.
For instance, in many countries, women face challenges in participating in politics due to cultural, societal, and structural barriers. These barriers include discriminatory laws, social norms, lack of support networks, and limited access to education and resources.
Gender-based violence and discrimination encompasses various forms of violence, such as domestic violence, sexual harassment, trafficking, and harmful practices like child marriage and female genital mutilation. Gender-based violence and discrimination undermine women's rights and contribute to the perpetuation of gender inequality.
For example, in some societies, harmful traditional practices restrict girls' access to education, limit their choices, and perpetuate gender roles that reinforce inequality. Discrimination and violence against women create a climate of fear and insecurity, impeding their ability to fully participate in society.
It is important to note that gender inequality is a complex issue that varies across cultures and contexts. These three areas provide a general framework to understand the main aspects of gender inequality, but there may be additional dimensions and specific challenges in different regions of the world.
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Examine the Labour Laws in Montserrat relating to termination of the employment contract. Do you think that they are fair? (Cite at least 4 case laws to support your answer using the IRAC principle). Case laws must be from any Country in the Caribbean.
Infractions of employment contracts are impacted by Saint Vincent and Grenadine's labor laws in the following ways.
The employee may be fired by the employer without stating a reason if the necessary notice of termination is given in accordance with this section's requirements. The employer is permitted to revoke the employee's employment agreement at any time and without cause, as long as they give them compensation equal to their wages during the notice period.
Unless notice of termination has been given to the employee in accordance with this section, the employer may terminate an employee's contract if the employee is ill or wounded and unable to execute work-related responsibilities.
Until the The employer may fire the employee for any cause, including but not limited to the employee's conduct, after giving the employee notice of termination in accordance with this section. Regardless of anything to the contrary in this section, if the employer has reasonable grounds to believe that the employee has committed serious misconduct, it may terminate the employee's employment without cause by giving notice of termination or by paying the employee in lieu of notice.
This clause only applies if the employer has cause to think that the employee committed a very serious offence. The employer cannot terminate the employee's contract without cause if this stipulation is not followed.
If an employee is let go without cause in accordance with this provision and meets the qualifications, they are entitled to severance pay.
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Complete question is
Examine The Labour Laws In Montserrat Relating To Termination Of The Employment Contract. Do You Think That They Are Fair? (Cite At Least 4 Case Laws To Support Your Answer Using The IRAC Principle). Case Laws Must Be From Any Country In The Caribbean.
Examine the Labour Laws in Montserrat relating to termination of the employment contract. Do you think that they are fair? (Cite at least 4 case laws to support your answer using the IRAC principle). Case laws must be from any Country in the Caribbean.
Provide a substantive and thoughtful commentary that reflects on
something learned about the federal judiciary
The federal judiciary is the judicial branch of the federal government. It comprises of the Supreme Court and the lesser federal courts that Congress established. The Supreme Court and the High Court are the only courts with the authority to decide on rights under the federal legal system.
An organized community is regulated by a structure or a collection of people, frequently a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government typically comprises of the legislative, executive, and judicial departments. Government serves as both a mechanism for formulating and enforcing organizational policy. In many countries, a statement outlining the principles and philosophy of the government serves as the equivalent of a constitution.
Even though all entities have governance, the word "government" is commonly used to more specifically refer to the approximately 200 distinct national governments and related institutions. Between these two fundamental subcategories of contemporary political systems are democracies, totalitarian regimes, and authoritarian regimes with a variety of hybrid regimes.
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1. What were the factors that led to the new imperialism? What were the impacts of the new imperialism on the colonies and the mother country?
2. What factors combined to bring about Germany’s defeat in World War I? What were the penalties to be paid by the Germans according to the Treaty of Versailles, and why were they so harsh?
1. The factors behind new imperialism were economic, political, and ideological motivations; impacts included colonization and exploitation.
2. Factors for Germany's defeat in WWI included exhaustion, economic strain, and internal unrest; Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh penalties for accountability.
1. The variables that prompted the new government were essentially financial, political, and philosophical inspirations. Financial elements incorporated the quest for new business sectors, natural substances, and venture open doors.
Political variables included public rivalry, vital contemplations, and the craving for international strength. Philosophically, there was a faith in social prevalence and the mission over "edify" and spread Western qualities.
The effects of the new colonialism on states incorporated the deficiency of power, double-dealing of assets, social digestion, and social interruptions. Settlements were many times financially took advantage of, prompting disparities and neediness.
The homeland profited from modest assets and extended markets, which powered modern development. Nonetheless, there were additionally costs like the channel of assets and the potential for reaction from colonized populaces.
2. Germany's loss in The Second Great War was a consequence of various elements. These included military weariness, financial strain, barricade, interior agitation, and the passage of the US into the conflict. The German armed force was pushed back on various fronts, and the Associated powers acquired the high ground.
As per the Deal of Versailles, Germany was to have to deal with critical damages. These included regional misfortunes, significant monetary repayments, demilitarization, and the acknowledgment of war responsibility.
The punishments were brutal on the grounds that the triumphant Associated powers looked to debilitate Germany both monetarily and militarily. They needed to forestall future animosity and guarantee German responsibility for the conflict.
The seriousness of the punishments, be that as it may, would later be viewed as adding to Germany's embarrassment, monetary emergency, and the ascent of patriotism, at last making way for The Second Great War.
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1. What is the importance, if any, of officer intent and motive in the "objective standard of reasonable force" under the current state of the law?
The importance of officer intent and motive in the "objective standard of reasonable force" under the current state of the law can vary depending on the jurisdiction and the specific circumstances of the case.
However, it is generally recognized that the objective standard focuses on the perspective of a reasonable officer in the same situation, rather than the subjective intent or motive of the individual officer involved. Here's a further explanation:Objective Standard of Reasonable Force: The objective standard of reasonable force is a legal principle used to assess whether a law enforcement officer's use of force was justified under the Fourth Amendment's prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures. It considers what a reasonable officer, with similar training and experience, would have done in the same circumstances.
Focus on Objective Factors: When determining the reasonableness of force, courts typically focus on the objective facts known to the officer at the time of the incident. This includes factors such as the severity of the alleged crime, the threat posed by the suspect, and whether the suspect actively resisted or posed a danger to others.
Subjective Intent and Motive: While officer intent and motive can be relevant in certain legal contexts, such as determining the officer's state of mind or assessing potential constitutional violations, they are generally not given significant weight in the objective reasonableness analysis of the use of force. The focus is primarily on the reasonableness of the officer's actions based on the circumstances known to them at the time, rather than the officer's personal motives or subjective intent.
Qualified Immunity and Objective Reasonableness: Qualified immunity is a legal doctrine that shields government officials, including law enforcement officers, from liability for civil damages under certain circumstances. To determine if an officer is entitled to qualified immunity, courts typically consider whether the officer's conduct violated clearly established constitutional rights as determined by the objective reasonableness standard. This analysis is focused on the objective facts rather than the officer's subjective intent.
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Reinforcement is to punishment as?
A. positive is to negative
B. decrease is to increase C. giving is to receiving D. bad is to good
E. increase is to decrease
Answer:
A. positive is to negative
Explanation:
Freire basically argues that the oppressed are prisoners dominated by oppresses and that only by becoming aware of their imprisonment can they be liberated? What do you think he means? How does this idea correlate with other social/historical issues?
In such a scenario, a rehabilitation program ought to be prioritized. The thought is great since it adjusts to the convicts' freedoms and the common liberties.
It additionally assists one with getting back to the typical stream of life. On the other hand, it lightens the prison's load. The term "imprisonment" refers to a type of confinement in which the accused or offender does not have to work as hard as they would in "rigorous" imprisonment.
Basic detainment is granted where a fine will not adequate as to fill the need of the discipline. One strategy aims to reduce the likelihood that people who would otherwise commit crimes will do so after being released (individual deterrence) and to deter those who would otherwise commit crimes (general deterrence).
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