photons and show the electron transit
Extra questions
26. The spectrum of sunlight has dark lines. These dark lines are due to the absorption of certain
wavelengths by the cooler gases in the atmosphere of the Sun.
a) One particular dark spectral line has a wavelength of 590 nm. Calculate the energy of a
photon with this wavelength.
b) The diagram shows some of the energy
levels of an isolated atom of helium.
i.
Explain the significance of the
energy levels having negative
values.
ii. Explain, with reference to the
energy level diagram shown, how
a dark line in the spectrum may
be due to the presence of helium
in the atmosphere of the Sun.
iii. All the light absorbed by the
atoms in the Sun's atmosphere is
re-emitted. Suggest why a dark
spectral line of wavelength 590
nm is still observed from the Earth.
Energy:10-¹ J
0
-1.6
-2.4
-3.0
-5.8
-7.6

The submarine is 26 m below the surface of fresh water. The density of sea water is 1.3 times the density of fresh water. The pressure due to fresh water at a depth of 26 m is 255660 Pa.

The pressure due to the sea water at a depth of 20 m can be calculated using the formula:

P = ρgh

where ρ is the density of the sea water, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the depth of the submarine.

Assuming a density of sea water to be 1030 kg/m³ and g to be 9.81 m/s², we get:

P = 1030 x 9.81 x 20 = 202086 Pa

Now, to calculate the pressure due to fresh water at a depth of 26 m, we can use the same formula with the density of fresh water and the given depth:

P = ρgh

Assuming a density of fresh water to be 1000 kg/m³, and g to be 9.81 m/s², we get:

P = 1000 x 9.81 x 26 = 255660 Pa

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The correct answer is: "Photoelectric effect is the observation that many metals emit electrons when light of high enough energy shines upon them."

The photoelectric effect is a phenomenon in which electrons are emitted from the surface of a material when it is exposed to light of a sufficiently high frequency or energy.

When light is incident on the surface of a metal, the photons of the light interact with the electrons in the metal. If the energy of the photons is greater than the work function of the metal

Which is the minimum amount of energy required to remove an electron from the metal, then electrons are emitted from the metal surface. These emitted electrons are called photoelectrons.

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The kinetic energy of the rock simply earlier than it hits the ground is [tex]\frac{1}{2}mv^2[/tex]

Kinetic energy is a fundamental concept that describes the strength possessed by an object due to its movement. Its miles are defined because the energy that a body possesses as a result of its motion, which relies upon its mass and velocity. The method for kinetic energy is KE = 1/2mv², in which m is the mass of the object and v is its speed.

Kinetic energy is a scalar quantity and is measured in joules (J) in the SI system. Kinetic energy plays an essential role in many areas of physics, such as mechanics, thermodynamics, and relativity. It is an important concept in understanding the behavior of moving objects and how they interact with their environment. In summary, kinetic energy is the energy possessed by a moving object and is dependent on its mass and velocity.

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The length of a wire in a 0.86 T field that carries a current of 1.4A and experiences a force of 13 N is 14.2-m.

What is the force experienced by a wire when it is placed in a magnetic field and carries an electric current? When a wire is placed in a magnetic field and carries an electric current, it experiences a force known as magnetic force. The formula for magnetic force on a wire is given by:F = BILsinθWhere:F = Magnetic forceB = Magnetic field strength I = Electric currentL = Length of wire in the magnetic fieldθ = Angle between the wire and the magnetic field directionIf we substitute the given values into the above equation, we have:F = (0.86 T)(1.4 A)(L)sin90° = 1.204L NSince F = 13 N, then:13 N = 1.204L NL = 13/1.204L = 10.7981-m≈14.2-mTherefore, the length of the wire in a 0.86 T field that carries a current of 1.4A and experiences a force of 13 N is 14.2-m.

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The following formula encapsulates it: force (N) Equals mass (kg) x acceleration (m/s2). A mass item will therefore accelerate in direct force exerted. Mass (kg): 2 Force (N): 1 (2). acceleration (m/s2).

The Newton is the SI unit for force (N). kg*m*s-2 is equivalent to one Newton. F=ma is the fundamental formula for force, where F represents force, m is mass in kilogrammes, and an is acceleration in m*s2. Newton Newton's second motion law is this.

An International System of Units' (Symbol: N) unit of force is the newton (SI). The force that causes a mass of one kilogramme to accelerate by one metre / second per second is known as 1 kgm/s2.

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Answer:

10s

Explanation:

Answer:

The answer to your question is O chemical

Explanation:

Chemical potential energy

Batteries store energy in the form of chemical potential energy. This energy is converted into electrical energy when the battery is connected to an electrical circuit.

I hope this helps and have a wonderful day!

The magnitude of the impulse delivered to the particle is 32 kg m/s when its mass is 4 kg, horizontal speed is 5.0 m/s and the rebound speed is 3.0 m/s.

First, let's find the initial momentum of the particle:
Initial momentum (p_initial) = mass × initial velocity
p_initial = 4.0 kg × 5.0 m/s
p_initial = 20 kg m/s

Next, let's find the final momentum of the particle after it rebounds. Since the particle moves in the opposite direction after rebounding, its final velocity will be negative:
Final momentum (p_final) = mass × final velocity
p_final = 4.0 kg × (-3.0 m/s)
p_final = -12 kg m/s

Now, we can find the change in momentum, which is the impulse delivered to the particle:
Impulse = p_final - p_initial
Impulse = (-12 kg m/s) - (20 kg m/s)
Impulse = -32 kg m/s

The magnitude of the impulse is the absolute value of the impulse, so:
Magnitude of impulse = |-32 kg m/s|
Magnitude of impulse = 32 kg m/s

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A nucleus at rest spontaneously disintegrates into 3 equal masses. if one mass flies east and a second north, the direction of the third piece will be in the southwest direction.

When a nucleus at rest spontaneously disintegrates into three equal masses with equal speeds, the total momentum before and after the disintegration must be conserved.

Since the initial momentum was zero, the final momentum must also be zero. If one mass flies east and another flies north, the third mass must fly in a direction that cancels out the momentum of the other two masses.

In this case, the third mass must fly in the southwest direction, forming a 45-degree angle with both the east and north directions. This will ensure that the total momentum remains conserved at zero.

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When the two speakers in the drawing are vibrating in phase, constructive or destructive interference occurs at point P depending on the path difference between the sound waves reaching the listener on these "frequency."  

Step 1: Calculate the path difference between the sound waves from each speaker.
Path difference = |Distance from Speaker 1 to P - Distance from Speaker 2 to P|
Step 2: Determine the wavelength of the sound waves.
Wavelength (λ) = Speed of sound (v) / Frequency (f)
Assuming the speed of sound (v) is approximately 343 m/s,
For (a) 1466 Hz frequency:
λ1 = 343 m/s / 1466 Hz ≈ 0.234 m
For (b) 977 Hz frequency:
λ2 = 343 m/s / 977 Hz ≈ 0.351 m
Step 3: Check if the path difference corresponds to constructive or destructive interference.
Constructive interference occurs when the path difference is a multiple of the wavelength (nλ), where n is an integer.
Destructive interference occurs when the path difference is an odd multiple of half the wavelength ((2n+1)λ/2), where n is an integer.
Compare the calculated path difference with the wavelengths λ1 and λ2, and check for the conditions mentioned above.
Based on the given information, it is not possible to provide a definitive answer without knowing the distances from the speakers to point P. However, by following these steps and plugging in the necessary values, you can determine whether constructive or destructive interference occurs at point P for the given frequencies.

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The width of the ice surface is 0.108 meters or approximately 11 centimeters of thermal equilibrium.

Actually, thermal conductivity is concerned with the transmission or conduction of heat. 2) Due to the heat transfer from the tea to the cup, pouring hot tea into a cup will result in the cup becoming heated as well.

The rate of heat transfer through the ice surface is calculated using Fourier's rule of heat conduction as follows:

q1 = k1 * A * (T1 - T2) / x

Similarly, the rate of heat transfer through the lake is:

q2 = k2 * A * (T2 - T3) / d

We can set q1 = q2 and solve for x because the rates of heat transmission through each layer are equal:

k1 * A * (T1 - T2) / x = k2 * A * (T2 - T3) / d

Simplifying and rearranging, we get:

x = k1 * d * (T1 - T2) / (k2 * (T2 - T3))

Substituting the given values, we get:

x = 2.18 * 1.4 * (4 - (-5)) / (0.606 * (-5 - (-0)))

x = 0.108 m

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You may reduce the magnetic force acting on a wire by adjusting its orientation and/or the direction of the current flowing through it. One method for reducing magnetic force is to position.

the wire perpendicular to the magnetic field's direction. The magnetic force on the wire would be decreased in this design. You might even adjust the direction of the electricity flowing through the wire. The force on the wire will be greatest if the current flows in the same direction as the magnetic field. Yet, reversing the direction of the current reduces the stress on the wire. As a result, the current might run perpendicular to the magnetic field or parallel to it. the opposite direction to the original current flow to minimize the magnetic force acting on the wire.

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The rate of wingbeats per minute for hummingbirds can be converted to wingbeats per second by dividing the number of wingbeats per minute by 60.

This is because there are 60 seconds in a minute, meaning that if the wings are moving at a rate of x wingbeats per minute, they are moving at a rate of x/60 wingbeats per second.

This conversion is often necessary when calculating the speed of a hummingbird, as it is easier to measure the rate of wingbeats than it is to measure the bird's speed directly. In addition, since hummingbirds are capable of flying incredibly quickly, it is often more precise to measure the rate of their wingbeats instead of their speed.

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When a light source is present in the center of the fountain, light spots that form a circle around the outside of the fountain are observed.

In order to explain how the light makes it from the center of the fountain to the circles of light on the ground where the water hits, the following points should be considered: The water in the fountain's center captures the light's brightness and refracts it into the water droplets. This makes the water droplets illuminate in all directions. The refracted light is scattered throughout the water droplets, generating a brilliant glow that illuminates the droplets.

The illuminated droplets are then sprayed out of the fountain and into the air, where they meet the ground at a distance, creating light circles or patterns. The angle at which the water droplets meet the ground and the intensity of the light hitting them influence the size and clarity of the circles, which can be visible even when there is ambient light present. The light source in the center of the fountain provides the essential component for the creation of the light circles.

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A balanced chemical equation demonstrates the Law of Conservation of Mass because it shows that the same amount of mass is present on both sides of the equation. This means that the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products.

The percentage of the iceberg that is above the surface of the water is 10.73%.

The buoyancy force that acts on the iceberg is equal to the weight of the seawater displaced by the iceberg.

Buoyancy force = weight of the displaced seawater

The buoyancy force experienced by the iceberg keeps it afloat. Therefore, the volume of the ice submerged in water must be equal to the volume of the displaced water, which is given asρ = m/vρi = 0.917ρw = 1.025

The buoyancy force on the iceberg can be calculated as ρwater * g * V = mgg = 9.8 m/s²V = m/ρwater

We have,ρwater = 1.025ρice = 0.917

∴ The fraction of the iceberg submerged in water can be calculated as:

f = 1 - ρice/ρwater = 1 - 0.917/1.025= 0.1073

Thus, 10.73% of the iceberg is above the surface of the water.

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The initial momentum of the car is 27500 kg m/s.

In the case of the car traveling at a velocity of 25 m/s, it has a certain momentum. When the car comes to a stop, its momentum changes to zero, since the velocity becomes zero. This change in momentum occurs due to a force that acts on the car to bring it to a stop.  The initial momentum of the car can be calculated using the formula:

p = m*v

where p is the momentum, m is the mass, and v is the velocity.

Given that the mass of the car is 1100 kg and its velocity is 25 m/s, we have:

p = 1100 kg * 25 m/s = 27500 kg m/s

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Answer:

To calculate the work done by John when lifting a 20kg mass to a height of 2m, we can use the formula: work = force x distance x cos(theta) where force is the weight of the mass (20kg x 9.81 m/s^2 = 196.2 N), distance is the height the mass is lifted (2m), and cos(theta) is the angle between the force and the displacement (cos(0) = 1, since the force and displacement are in the same direction). Substituting these values into the formula, we get: work = 196.2 N x 2m x 1 work = 392.4 J Therefore, John did 392.4 joules of work when lifting the 20kg mass to a height of 2m.

The magnitude of the magnetic field halfway between the wires is 2.14×[tex]10^{-5[/tex] T.

The magnitude of the magnetic field halfway between the wires can be calculated using the formula:

B = μ0I1I2/(2πd)

where B is the magnetic field, μ0 is the permeability of free space, I1 and I2 are the currents in the two wires, and d is the distance between the wires.

Plugging in the given values, we get:

B = (4π T*m/A) * (13.0 A) * (23.0 A) / (2π * 0.456 m)

B = 2.14×[tex]10^-5[/tex] T

Therefore, the magnitude of the magnetic field halfway between the wires is 2.14×[tex]10^-5[/tex]T.

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answer :

force is called the magnetic force of repulsion, and it happens when two magnets have the same poles (either both north or both south) and they push away from each other.

When all the domains in a material are aligned in the same direction, the material becomes strongly magnetized.

explanation :

magnetic domains in the rings were stable and strong enough to resist the force of gravity.

In the case of the levitating rings, the magnetic domains were aligned in such a way that they created a strong magnetic field, which allowed the rings to levitate in mid-air.

tiny regions within ferro magnetic  material that have their own magnetic fields are called magnetic domains.

Magnetic domains in the rings refer to the tiny regions within the ring's ferro magnetic material that have their own magnetic fields.

a) The interaction between a proton and an antiproton can be written at the quark level as:  uud + uud → udd + udd + uubar + uubar.

b) the total baryon number before and after the interaction is the same:

B_before = 1 (proton) + 1 (neutron) = 2

B_after = 1 (neutron) + 1 (neutron) + 1 (Λ0) = 3

c) This interaction is controlled by the strong interaction, which is one of the four fundamental forces of nature.

What is an interaction ?

a) The interaction between a proton and an antiproton can be written at the quark level as:

uud + uud → udd + udd + uubar + uubar.

where u, d, and ubar denote the up quark, down quark, and anti-up quark, respectively. This interaction does not involve any quark flavor change since the number of each type of quark (up, down, and anti-up) is conserved.

What is baryon?

b) Baryon number (B) is defined as the total number of baryons minus the total number of antibaryons. In this interaction, we start with two baryons (a proton and a neutron) and end with three baryons (two neutrons and a Λ0 particle) and no antibaryons. Therefore, the change in baryon number is:

ΔB = (number of baryons) - (number of antibaryons) = 2 - 0 = 2

Since ΔB is non-zero, we might think that baryon number is not conserved. However, it is important to note that the Λ0 particle is a baryon with a baryon number of +1, which cancels out the baryon number of the two neutrons (-1 each). Therefore, the total baryon number before and after the interaction is the same:

B_before = 1 (proton) + 1 (neutron) = 2

B_after = 1 (neutron) + 1 (neutron) + 1 (Λ0) = 3

Therefore, baryon number is conserved in this interaction.

c) This interaction is controlled by the strong interaction, which is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. The strong interaction is responsible for binding quarks together to form hadrons, such as protons, neutrons, and Λ0 particles. The exchange of gluons, which are the carrier particles of the strong force, between quarks is what allows them to interact and bind together. The fact that this interaction involves the production of multiple hadrons and conservation of baryon number is consistent with it being a strong interaction. Additionally, experiments have shown that the strong force is responsible for binding protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of an atom.

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The solution would involve identifying the relevant masses and distances, squaring the distances, multiplying by the masses, and summing them up to obtain the total rotational inertia.

When solving a physics problem, the first step is to clearly identify the given information, what is being asked, and any relevant equations or principles that apply. This problem provides a diagram of a rotating body and asks for its rotational inertia about a specific axis.

The problem also specifies that the masses of the connecting rods can be ignored. Rotational inertia, also known as moment of inertia, is a property of a rotating object that depends on its mass distribution and the axis of rotation. It can be calculated using the equation I = ∑mr², where I is the rotational inertia, ∑m is the sum of the masses, and r is the distance from the axis of rotation to each mass element squared.

Given the information in the problem and applying the relevant equation, the rotational inertia of the body about the indicated rotation axis can be calculated. To find the total rotational inertia, the answer would entail determining the pertinent masses and distances, squaring the distances, multiplying by the masses, and adding the results together.

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Work done on the jet by the catapult is 5.40x10^7 J, and Force exerted by the catapult is 6.00x10^5 N.

By using the work-energy principle, we can calculate the work done on the jet and the force exerted by the catapult, given information about  initial and final kinetic energies and  distance traveled. In this case, initial kinetic energy of the jet is zero, and final kinetic energy is 5.40x10^7 J.

[tex]Work = Kinetic\ Energy\ final - Kinetic\ Energy\ initial\\Work = 5.40 * 10^7 J - 0 J\\Work = 5.40 * 10^7 J[/tex]

Since the work done on the jet is equal to the force exerted by the catapult times the distance it moves, we can find the force:

[tex]Work = Force * Distance\\5.40 * 10^7 J = Force * 90.0 m\\Force = 6.00 * 10^5 N\[/tex]

Therefore, the work done on the jet by the catapult is 5.40x10^7 J, and the force exerted by the catapult is 6.00x10^5 N.

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false. The general momentum equation may be used to evaluate both elastic and inelastic collisions, but it cannot tell whether a collision is elastic or inelastic on its own.

The quantity of kinetic energy preserved during the impact determines the definition of elastic and inelastic collisions. Kinetic energy is conserved in an elastic collision, which means that the total kinetic energy before and after the impact stays constant. Some kinetic energy is lost in an inelastic collision, and the total kinetic energy after the collision is less than the total kinetic energy before the contact. To evaluate whether a collision is elastic or inelastic, one must examine the amount of kinetic energy preserved during the collision, in addition to applying the general momentum equation.

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500kg box slides down a frictionless plane at an angle of 60.0° the normal force on the box is approximately 2450 N.

The acceleration of the box down the plane is determined by the force of gravity pulling the box down the slope. To determine the magnitude of the acceleration, we first need to resolve the gravitational force into its component vectors parallel and perpendicular to the slope.

The force of gravity on the box is given by:

Fg = m*g

where m is the mass of the box and g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/[tex]s^2[/tex]).

The component of the force of gravity parallel to the slope is given by:

Fpar = Fg*sin(60.0°)

Fpar = 500 kg * 9.8 m/[tex]s^2[/tex] * sin(60.0°) ≈ 4286 N

The component of the force of gravity perpendicular to the slope is given by:

Fperp = Fg*cos(60.0°)

Fperp = 500 kg * 9.8 m/[tex]s^2[/tex] * cos(60.0°) ≈ 2450 N

The net force down the slope is given by:

Fnet = Fpar

Fnet = 4286 N

The magnitude of the acceleration down the slope is given by:

a = Fnet/m

a = 4286 N / 500 kg ≈ 8.57 m/[tex]s^2[/tex]

Therefore, the magnitude of the box's acceleration down the slope is approximately 8.57 m/[tex]s^2[/tex].

The normal force on the box is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the component of the force of gravity perpendicular to the slope, i.e.,

Fn = Fperp

Fn = 2450 N

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The external pressure at the altitude is only 1474 mmHg.

To determine if the balloon will burst, need to compare the pressure inside the balloon to the external pressure at the altitude where it reaches, can use the ideal gas law to relate the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas:

PV = nRT

where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature.

Since the balloon is filled with helium, we can assume that the gas behaves ideally. If the balloon is filled to a volume of l at sea level, then  find the initial pressure of the helium using the ideal gas law and the conditions at sea level (assuming standard atmospheric conditions):

P₁V = nRT

P₁ = nRT / V = (1 mol * 8.31 J/(mol*K) * 293 K) / l

P₁ ≈ 2.42 atm = 1847 mmHg

Therefore, the initial pressure inside the balloon is approximately 2.42 atm or 1847 mmHg.

As the balloon rises to an altitude where the atmospheric pressure is only P2 mmHg, the pressure inside the balloon decreases due to the decreasing external pressure. If the external pressure drops below the pressure inside the balloon, the balloon will expand and eventually burst.

To find the pressure inside the balloon at the higher altitude, use the ideal gas law again and assume that the volume of the helium remains constant (since the balloon is designed not to exceed a volume of l):

P₂V = nRT

P₂ = nRT / V = (1 mol * 8.31 J/(mol*K) * 293 K) / l

P₂ ≈ 2.42 atm * (760 mmHg / 1 atm) * (P2 / 760 mmHg)

Solving for P2, we get:

P₂ ≈ 1474 mmHg

Since the external pressure at the altitude would be only 1474 mmHg, which is less than the pressure inside the balloon of 1847 mmHg, the balloon will not burst. However, the balloon will expand due to the decreasing external pressure, and the volume of helium inside the balloon will increase.

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Explanation:

Atmosphere is the thin layer of air that surrounds the Earth´s surface . Atmosphere is hold by the gravity exerted by the Earth . There are different layers of atmosphere :

Troposhere

Hydtosphere

Mesosphere

Thermosphere

Exosphere

There are various gases present in the atmosphere ( oxygen , nitrogen , carbon dioxide , sulphur oxide , etc. )

Atmosphere possess the great role as it consists of the Oxygen gas which is the transcendenatl element for the existence of living beings .

Atmosphere provides the shield against the UV. rays

A maximum of 11 23 W lightbulbs can be connected in parallel across a potential difference of 85 V before the total current in the circuit exceeds 3.0 A.

We can use Ohm's law to find the current drawn by a single 23 W lightbulb:

P = VI

23 W = V x I

I = 23 W / V

Substituting the given values, we get:

I = 23 W / 85 V

I = 0.27 A

To find the maximum number of lightbulbs that can be connected in parallel without exceeding a total current of 3.0 A, we divide the total current by the current drawn by a single lightbulb:

N = 3.0 A / 0.27 A

N ≈ 11

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The mean free path for a photon at the sun's center is $\boxed{5.92 \times 10^{-8} \text{ m}}$.

When answering questions on the platform Brainly, you should always be factually accurate, professional, and friendly, be concise and not provide extraneous amounts of detail, and use the terms provided in the student's question when appropriate.

Here is an answer to the given question:At the center of the sun, the mean free path for a photon can be determined using the following formula:$$\ell = \frac{1}{\rho \kappa}$$Where $\rho = 1.52 \times 10^5 \text{ kg m}^{-3}$ and $\kappa = 0.12 \text{ m}^2 \text{ kg}^{-1}$.

The values given are in SI units, so there is no need for conversion. Substituting these values into the formula gives:$$\ell = \frac{1}{(1.52 \times 10^5) (0.12)} = 5.92 \times 10^{-8} \text{ m}$$

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Answer:

Explanation:

To find:-

Answer:-

We are here given that, a ball having a charge of 1*10-⁸C is thrown with a velocity of 8m/s towards west . We are interested in finding out the magnetic force due to the earth .

As we know that, the magnetic force is given by,

[tex]\longrightarrow\boxed{ F = q[\vec{v} \times \vec{B} ]} \\[/tex]

So here we have,

So on substituting the respective values, we have;

[tex]\longrightarrow F = 10^{-8} C [ v B \sin\theta ] \\[/tex]

Here [tex]\theta[/tex] is the angle between velocity and the magnetic field, which is here 90° . So that, we have;

[tex]\longrightarrow F = 10^{-8} C [ 6 \ m/s \times (5\times 10^{-5} \ T) \times \sin90^o \\[/tex]

The value of sin90° is " 1 " . So we have;

[tex]\longrightarrow F = 10^{-8} \times 30 \times 10^{-5} \times 1 \ N \\[/tex]

[tex]\longrightarrow F = 30 \times 10^{-13} \ N \\[/tex]

[tex]\longrightarrow \boxed{\boldsymbol{ F = 3 \times 10^{-12} N }}\\[/tex]

This is the required magnetic force by the earth's magnetic field.