Organisations are open system and cannot operate in isolation. External factors continuously impact on the organisation. With reference to an industry you are familiar with, Organizations and industries operate in an ever-changing environment with external factors impacting them on a regular basis.
For example, in the automotive industry, external factors such as consumer demand, technology, government regulations, competition, economic conditions, and environmental factors have a significant influence.
Consumer demand can fluctuate with economic cycles, changing trends, and consumer preferences. Automotive manufacturers must continually monitor consumer behavior and adjust their production levels accordingly. Technology advancements can also affect the industries, with new technology and materials influencing the design and cost of vehicles.
Government regulations regarding safety, emissions, fuel efficiency, and other aspects of the industry can also impact manufacturers. Furthermore, competition from other automotive manufacturers can be a major factor, as firms must compete for market share. Finally, economic conditions such as inflation and interest rates can affect both consumer demand and manufacturer profitability.
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1. Assume the following information about a Treasury zero-coupon yield curve today: Maturity (years) Zero rates (%) Maturity (years) Zero rates (%) 1 2.30 6 3.50 2 2.70 7 3.80 3 2.90 8 4.00 4 3.10 9 4.20 5 3.20 10 4.30 All rates above are with continuous compounding. a. Calculate the corresponding rates under semi-annual compounding. b. Calculate the price of a 4-year Treasury bond with face value $1,000 that pays coupon annually at the coupon rate of 4%. c. If the government wants to issue a 5-year bond that pays coupon annually and priced at par (face value $1,000), what should be the amount of each coupon payment?
a. The corresponding rates under semi-annual compounding $978.48
b. $35.64 should be the amount of each coupon payment.
The zero rates for the Treasury yield curve are given with continuous compounding. To calculate the corresponding rates under semi-annual compounding, we can use the formula:
[tex]r_sa = 2 * [(e^{(r_cc/2)) - 1}][/tex]
where r_sa is the semi-annual rate, r_cc is the continuous compounding rate, and e is the base of the natural logarithm
Using this formula, we can calculate the corresponding rates under semi-annual compounding for each maturity:
Maturity (years) Zero rates (%) Semi-annual rates (%)
1- 2.30 2.28
2- 2.70 2.67
3- 2.90 2.87
4- 3.10 3.07
5- 3.20 3.17
6- 3.50 3.46
7- 3.80 3.76
8- 4.00 3.95
9- 4.20 4.14
10- 4.30 4.23
To calculate the price of a 4-year Treasury bond with face value $1,000 that pays coupon annually at the coupon rate of 4%, we can use the formula:
P = C/(1+r_1) + C/(1+r_2)^2 + C/(1+r_3)^3 + C/(1+r_4)^4 + F/(1+r_4)^4
where P is the price of the bond, C is the coupon payment, r_i is the zero rate for the ith year, and F is the face value.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
[tex]P = 40/(1+0.031) + 40/(1+0.031)^2 + 40/(1+0.031)^3 + 40/(1+0.031)^4 + 1000/(1+0.031)^4[/tex]
P = $978.48
Finally, to calculate the amount of each coupon payment for a 5-year bond that pays coupon annually and priced at par (face value $1,000), we can use the formula:
[tex]P = C/(1+r_1) + C/(1+r_2)^2 + C/(1+r_3)^3 + C/(1+r_4)^4 + C/(1+r_5)^5 + F/(1+r_5)^5[/tex]
Since the bond is priced at par, P = F = $1,000. Plugging in the given values and solving for C, we get:
[tex]1000 = C/(1+0.032) + C/(1+0.032)^2 + C/(1+0.032)^3 + C/(1+0.032)^4 + C/(1+0.032)^5 + 1000/(1+0.032)^5[/tex]
C = $35.64
Therefore, the amount of each coupon payment should be $35.64.
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A property worth $42,500 can be purchased for 5% down and semi-annual mortgage payments of $1975 for 15 years. What nominal rate of interest compounded monthly is charged?
The nominal rate of interest compounded monthly charged is 5.902%.
To solve the problem, we need to use the formula for the present value of an annuity:
PV = PMT x (1 - (1 + r/n)^(-nt)) / (r/n),
where PV is the present value of the mortgage, PMT is the semi-annual payment, r is the nominal interest rate compounded monthly, n is the number of compounding periods per year (12 in this case), and t is the total number of years of the mortgage.
$42,500 = $1,975 x (1 - (1 + r/12)^(-15x2)) / (r/12)
We can solve for r using a numerical method or a financial calculator.
Using a numerical method, we can try different values of r until we get the right-hand side of the equation to equal $42,500. This yields a solution of r = 0.04918, or 4.918% as the periodic rate, which corresponds to a nominal rate of 12 x 4.918% = 58.92% per year. However, this is an annual rate, so we need to convert it to a nominal monthly rate using the formula:
(1 + r/n)^n - 1 = (1 + 0.04918/12)^12 - 1 = 0.05902 or 5.902% per month.
Therefore, the nominal rate of interest compounded monthly charged is 5.902%.
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The value delivery system includes all the experiences the customer will have on the way to obtaining and using the offering.a): True b): FalseThere are _______ measurement techniques to monitor satisfaction. a): 2 b): 3 c): 4 d): None of the aboveHofstede identifies five cultural dimensions that differentiate countries. a): Yes b): NoA common way to estimate total market potential is to multiply the potential number of buyers by the average quantity each purchase and then by the price.a): True b): FalseThere are _________marketing activities that improve loyalty and retention. a): 3 b): 4 c): 6 d): 8
a) True - The value delivery system does indeed include all the experiences the customer will have on the way to obtaining and using the offering.b) 4 - There are four main measurement techniques. c) Yes - Hofstede does identify five cultural dimensions that differentiate countries.d) True - A common way to estimate total market potential is indeed to multiply the potential number of buyers.There are four main marketing activities that improve loyalty and retention
delivery system includes the entire process from researching the product or service, making the purchase, and using it.b) 4 - There are four main measurement techniques to monitor satisfaction: customer surveys, focus groups, customer feedback, and observation.
c) Yes - Hofstede does identify five cultural dimensions that differentiate countries. These dimensions are power distance, individualism vs. collectivism, masculinity vs. femininity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term vs. short-term orientation.
d) True - A common way to estimate total market potential is indeed to multiply the potential number of buyers by the average quantity each purchase and then by the price. This is known as the market demand equation.
e) 4 - There are four main marketing activities that improve loyalty and retention: customer relationship management (CRM), loyalty programs, personalized marketing, and customer service.
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TAXPAYER INFORMATION: GENERAL TAXPAYER INFORMATION DIRECTIONS DUE DATE Taxpayer Information: General Your clients, Jim and Pam Halpert, both age 42, are married and live in Scranton, Pennsylvania. ou are the tax accountant for the Halperts, and they have requested that you complete their 2021 federal income tax return, including Form 1040, Schedule 1, Schedule 2, Schedule A, Schedule C, Schedule D, Schedule SE, Form 4562, and Form 8960. The Halperts have one child, Cecelia Halpert, age 11. In 2021, Jim was laid off from his job at Dunder Mifflin, so he started a sole proprietorship named Athlead, a sports marketing company. Pam was employed by Dunder Mifflin the entire year. Following is the information the Halperts provided pertaining to their 2021 tax situation. Please select the next tab above to move to the next content tab or the next button below to move to the next topic.Directions Before preparing the forms/schedules, please note the following: 1. 2021 tax returns will be prepared using 2020 forms/schedules in this course. Due to the timing of this course, the 2021 forms/schedules were not available yet. As a result, certain numbers stated on the forms/schedules that are adjusted for inflation annually will NOT be the correct numbers for 2021. For example, the standard deduction amounts are slightly higher in 2021 than 2020. Please reference your etextbook for the correct 2021 numbers. 2. Complete only the requested forms/schedules: Form 1040, Schedule 1, Schedule 2, Schedule A, Schedule C, Schedule D, Schedule SE, Form 4562, and Form 8960. If a line of a form or schedule requests a different form/schedule that is not explicitly required for this OP, you do NOT need to complete it. 3. As always, some lines will not need to be populated on the forms/schedules if the taxpayer did not have any activity related to the line. 4. You are highly encouraged to reference the instructions for the forms that may be found on IRS.gov e'. However, once again, due to the fact that the 2021 forms/schedules are unavailable, be aware that some of the numbers/rules in the 2020 instructions may not be accurately reflected for 2021. Therefore, when in doubt, use the information in your etextbook as a cross-reference. Specific directions for completing Comprehensive Tax Return 1: . Download the following tax forms: "Form 1040", "Schedule 1. Form 1040","Schedule 2. Form 1040", "Schedule A, Form 1040", "Schedule C, Form 1040", "Schedule D, Form 1040","Schedule SE, Form 1040", "Form 4562" and "Form 8960" . Using the taxpayer information provided, complete the Halpert's 2021 Form 1040 with all applicable supporting forms/schedules. • Refer to the more specific instructions provided for the forms with Overview Problems 4, 5, and 6 if you need additional assistance. • Save your completed tax forms and schedules, and then submit them on Canvas. • Optional: If you would like to submit additional documentation showing work you did related to a calculation you did outside of the return (such as the depreciation calculation), you may do so. Providing support for your work is helpful to your instructor in awarding partial credit.
To complete the Halpert's 2021 federal income tax return, you will need to fill out the following forms and schedules using the taxpayer information provided: Form 1040, Schedule 1, Schedule 2, Schedule A, Schedule C, Schedule D, Schedule SE, Form 4562, and Form 8960.
It is important to note that you will be using 2020 forms/schedules for this assignment, as the 2021 forms/schedules were not available at the time of this course. Therefore, some of the numbers and rules may not be accurately reflected for 2021, and you should reference your e-textbook for the correct 2021 numbers. You should also reference the instructions for the forms on IRS.gov, but be aware that some of the information may not be accurate for 2021.
Once you have downloaded the necessary forms and schedules, you will need to fill them out using the taxpayer information provided. Be sure to complete only the requested forms/schedules and to leave any lines blank if the taxpayer did not have any activity related to that line.
You may also want to provide additional documentation showing any calculations you did outside of the return, such as depreciation calculations, to help your instructor award partial credit. Once you have completed all of the forms and schedules, save them and submit them on Canvas.
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What is the definition of "Learning" ? Give practical examplesto demonstrate your answer.
The definition of "Learning" is the acquisition of knowledge or skills through study, experience, or being taught. It is the process of gaining new information, understanding, and abilities that help us to adapt to our environment and make informed decisions.
For example, a practical example of learning would be learning how to ride a bike. This involves gaining knowledge about the mechanics of a bike, understanding how to balance and steer, and acquiring the physical skills needed to ride a bike. Through practice and experience, we are able to learn how to ride a bike effectively and safely.
Another example of learning is studying for a test. This involves gaining knowledge about the subject matter, understanding the concepts and ideas, and applying that knowledge to answer questions and solve problems. Through study and practice, we are able to learn the material and perform well on the test.
In both of these examples, learning involves acquiring new information and skills, and applying them in a practical way to achieve a desired outcome.
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Modeling Ethical behavior start with leadership. We can agree to this statement, because ethical behavior includes the characteristics and behavior that are strictly to be followed by the employees working under an organization. The ethical behavior
Yes, I agree that modeling ethical behavior starts with leadership.
Leaders set the tone for the entire organization and their actions and decisions have a significant impact on the ethical culture of the company.
When leaders consistently model ethical behavior, it sends a clear message to employees about what is expected of them and sets the standard for how they should conduct themselves in the workplace.
Additionally, when leaders hold themselves and others accountable for ethical behavior, it reinforces the importance of ethical conduct and helps to create a culture of integrity within the organization.
Therefore, it is crucial for leaders to model ethical behavior in order to create a positive and ethical work environment for all employees.
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8. Firm M and Firm N are related parties. For the past several years, Firm M's marginal tax rate has been 30 percent, and Firm N's marginal tax rate has been 21 percent. Firm M is evaluating a transaction that will generate $10,000 income in each of the next three years, Firm M could restructure the transaction so that the income would be earned by Firm N. Because of the restructuring, the annual income would decrease to $9.000. Should Firm M restructure the transaction?
Yes, Firm M should restructure the transaction so that the income would be earned by Firm N. This is because even though the annual income would decrease to $9,000, the overall tax savings would be greater due to Firm N's lower marginal tax rate.
Let's calculate the tax savings for both scenarios:
Scenario 1: Firm M earns $10,000 in each of the next three years at a marginal tax rate of 30%
- Total income: $10,000 x 3 = $30,000
- Total tax: $30,000 x 0.30 = $9,000
- After-tax income: $30,000 - $9,000 = $21,000
Scenario 2: Firm N earns $9,000 in each of the next three years at a marginal tax rate of 21%
- Total income: $9,000 x 3 = $27,000
- Total tax: $27,000 x 0.21 = $5,670
- After-tax income: $27,000 - $5,670 = $21,330
As we can see, the after-tax income in Scenario 2 is higher than in Scenario 1, even though the annual income is lower. Therefore, it would be beneficial for Firm M to restructure the transaction so that the income would be earned by Firm N.
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Suppose that an investor believes that a large stock price movement may soon occur, but does not confidently know the direction. Discuss the possible profitable alternatives in option spreads and combinations
One profitable alternative in option spreads and combinations for an investor who believes that a large stock price movement may soon occur but does not confidently know the direction is to use a straddle.
Another profitable alternative is to use a strangle, which is similar to a straddle but involves buying a call option and a put option with different strike prices.
This strategy can also allow the investor to profit from a large price movement in either direction, but it typically requires a larger price movement to be profitable than a straddle.
A third profitable alternative is to use a butterfly spread, which involves buying a call option and a put option with different strike prices and selling two options with a strike price in between.
This strategy can allow the investor to profit from a moderate price investment in either direction.
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Which common ___ devices include rope grabs shock absorbing lanyards and self retracting lifelines or lanyards?
The common safety devices that include rope grabs, shock absorbing lanyards, and self retracting lifelines or lanyards are called fall arrest systems. These devices are used to prevent workers from falling from elevated work surfaces and are typically used in construction and industrial settings.
Fall arrest systems are an important part of workplace safety and are designed to protect workers from serious injury or death. Rope grabs are used to secure a worker to a vertical lifeline, while shock absorbing lanyards and self retracting lifelines or lanyards are used to connect a worker to an anchorage point. These devices work together to provide a safe and secure work environment for workers who are required to work at heights.
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Vinny borrowed $20,000 for 10 years at 5.3 percent compounded
monthly. How much of payment 93 will go towards paying
interest?
Group of answer choices
$25.80
$24.13
$23.28
$24.97
$24.13 of payment 93 will go towards paying interest when the borrowed amount is $20,000 for 10 years at 5.3% compounded monthly.
To find out how much of payment 93 will go towards paying interest, we need to use the formula for monthly payments:
[tex]P = \frac{r(A)}{1-(1+r)^{-n}}[/tex]
Where P is the monthly payment, r is the monthly interest rate, A is the loan amount, and n is the number of payments.
First, we need to find the monthly interest rate:
r = 5.3% / 12 = 0.0053 / 12 = 0.00044167
Next, we need to find the number of payments:
n = 10 years * 12 months/year = 120 payments
Now we can plug in the values into the formula:
P = 0.00044167($20,000)/1-(1+0.00044167)^-120
P = $215.09
To find out how much of payment 93 will go towards paying interest, we need to use the formula for the interest portion of a payment:
I = P - (A - (P*n - 1)/r)
Where I is the interest portion of the payment, P is the monthly payment, A is the loan amount, n is the number of payments, and r is the monthly interest rate.
Plugging in the values:
I = $215.09 - ($20,000 - ($215.09*93 - 1)/0.00044167)
I = $215.09 - ($20,000 - ($20,013.37)/0.00044167)
I = $215.09 - $15.96
I = $199.13
So, the interest portion of payment 93 is $199.13 - $175 = $24.13.
The correct answer is $24.13.
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Northouse (2022) stated, "Servant leaders place the good of followers over their own self-interests, emphasize follower development, and demonstrate strong moral behavior" (p. 254). Based upon the information explored about servant leadership, address the following questions:Explain three characteristics of servant leadership and why the identified characteristics are important.Explain how a leader can both serve and influence. Analyze the impact of culture on servant leadership.Explain how different cultural characteristics, as referenced by Hofstede, may influence the adoption/success of a servant leadership approach.
Three characteristics of servant leadership are putting followers' needs first, focusing on follower development, and exhibiting strong moral behavior. These characteristics are important because they create a sense of trust and respect between the leader and their followers, leading to higher levels of motivation and commitment from the followers.
A leader can both serve and influence by adopting a servant leadership approach, which involves using their influence to benefit their followers and the organization as a whole.
Servant leaders use their influence to support and empower their followers, rather than using it for personal gain. This approach allows leaders to serve their followers while still maintaining their authority and ability to influence decisions and actions within the organization.
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Gourmet Cookware makes all sales on credit with 60% of the payment being received in the month of sale, 30% in the month following sale and the remaining 10% in the subsequent month. Budgeted sales are as follows: January RM100,000 February RM140,000, March RM120,000. The budgeted balance of debtors at 31 March is: RM120,000. RM62,000. RM74,000. RM48,000
The budgeted balance of debtors at 31 March is RM74,000.
To find the budgeted balance of debtors at 31 March, we need to calculate the amount of sales that are still unpaid at the end of March.
For January sales, 10% of RM100,000 is still unpaid at the end of March, which is RM10,000.
For February sales, 30% of RM140,000 is still unpaid at the end of March, which is RM42,000.
For March sales, 60% of RM120,000 is still unpaid at the end of March, which is RM72,000.
So, the total budgeted balance of debtors at 31 March is RM10,000 + RM42,000 + RM72,000 = RM124,000.
However, we need to subtract the amount of payments received in March from the total budgeted balance of debtors to get the actual budgeted balance of debtors at 31 March.
The amount of payments received in March is 60% of March sales, which is RM72,000.
So, the budgeted balance of debtors at 31 March is RM124,000 - RM72,000 = RM74,000.
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How long will $520,000, in an investment account that earns 3.55% compounded monthly, sustain month-end withdrawals of $3,200? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round up the number of payments, n, to the next whole number.)
year(s) and month(s).
The investment account will sustain month-end withdrawals of $3,200 for 16 years and 9 months.
To find out how long the investment account will sustain month-end withdrawals of $3,200, we can use the formula for the future value of an annuity due:
FV = PMT × (((1 + i)ⁿ - 1) / i) × (1 + i)
Where FV is the future value, PMT is the payment, i is the interest rate, and n is the number of payments.
In this case, we are given:
FV = $520,000
PMT = $3,200
i = 3.55% / 12 = 0.00295833
n = unknown
We can rearrange the formula to solve for n:
n = ln((FV × i) / (PMT × (1 + i)) + 1) / ln(1 + i)
Plugging in the given values:
n = ln(($520,000 × 0.00295833) / ($3,200 × (1 + 0.00295833)) + 1) / ln(1 + 0.00295833)
n = 200.02
Since we are asked to round up the number of payments to the next whole number, n = 201.
To find out how many years and months this corresponds to, we can divide by 12:
years = 201 / 12 = 16.75
months = 0.75 × 12 = 9
So the investment account will sustain month-end withdrawals of $3,200 for 16 years and 9 months.
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In what ways does a credible Accounting System provide support
to an organization?
A credible Accounting System provides support to an organization in many ways.
It helps to ensure accuracy and completeness in the organization's financial records, making sure all transactions are properly documented and accounted for.
It also provides insight into the organization's financial position and performance, which can be used to make more informed decisions and to identify opportunities for improvement.
Finally, a credible Accounting System can help with budgeting and forecasting, enabling the organization to plan for the future and to make the most effective use of its resources.
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What is the relationship between a Qualified Investor and alternative investments?
A Qualified Investor is someone who is legally allowed to invest in alternative investments, and alternative investments are non-traditional investment options that are typically only available to Qualified Investors.
The relationship between a Qualified Investor and alternative investments is that a Qualified Investor is a person or entity that is legally allowed to invest in alternative investments. Alternative investments are investment options that are not traditional, such as stocks, bonds, or cash. These can include private equity, hedge funds, real estate, commodities, and more.
A Qualified Investor is typically someone who has a certain level of net worth or income, and has the knowledge and experience to understand the risks associated with alternative investments. These investors are allowed to invest in alternative investments because they are deemed to be sophisticated enough to understand the risks and make informed decisions.
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Flexible budgeting (Practice questions and answer)
A . Estimate the variable and fixed cost using the high-low method
Month
Output
Cost
May
4,500
$2,000
June
5,500
$2,500
July
2,000
$1,600
August
7,000
$3,500
September
10,000
$4,000
Answer:
B. The budgeted electricity cost for a business is $30,000 based upon production of 1,000 units. However if 1,400 units were to be produced the budgeted cost rises to $31,600. Using the high/low approach what would be the budgeted electricity cost if 2,100 units were to be produced?
A. $8,400
B. $17,600
C. $26,000
D. $34,400
Answer:
A high low method analysis will first of all split out the budgeted VC and FC:
C. The total costs of a business for differing levels of output are as follows:
Output (units)
Total costs ($'000)
500
70
200
30
300
50
800
90
1,000
110
Required
What are the fixed and variable elements of the total cost using the High/Low method?
A. Y = $30,000 + $100x
B. Y = $30,000 + $110x
C. Y = $10,000 + $110x
D. Y = $10,000 + $100x
D . Using the information calculated in the previous example, answer the following:
If production next year is expected to be 780 units what would the total cost be?
E. The following table shows the number of clients who attended a particular accountancy practice over the last four weeks and the total costs incurred during each of the weeks:
Week Number of clients Total cost
$
1 400 36,880
2 440 39,840
3 420 36,800
4 460 40,000
Applying the high low method to the above information, which of the following could be used to forecast total cost ($) from the number of clients expected to attend (where x = the expected number of clients)?
A. 7,280 + 74x
B. 16,080 + 52x
C. 3,200 + 80x
D. 40,000/x
F. The purpose of a flexible budget is to:
A. Compare actual and budgeted results at virtually any level of production
B. Reduce the total time in preparing the annual budget
C. Allow management some latitude in meeting goals
D. Eliminate cyclical fluctuations in production reports by ignoring variable costs
j . What is the name given to a budget which has been prepared by building on a previous period’s budgeted or actual figures?
A. Incremental budget
B. Flexible budget
C. Zero based budget
D. Functional budget
L. A master budget comprises the:
A. budgeted income statement and budgeted cash flow only
B. budgeted income statement and budgeted balance sheet only
C. budgeted income statement and budgeted capital expenditure only
D. budgeted income statement, budgeted balance sheet and budgeted cash flow only
A. Using the high-low method:
The highest output level is September with 10,000 units.
The lowest output level is July with 2,000 units.
The highest cost is $4,000 (September).
The lowest cost is $1,600 (July).
The variable cost per unit is ($4,000 - $1,600) / (10,000 - 2,000) = $0.30.
The fixed cost is calculated by subtracting the variable cost per unit from the total cost at any output level. Using September: $4,000 - ($0.30 x 10,000) = $1,000.
Therefore, the equation for the cost is: Y = $1,000 + $0.30x.
B. Using the high-low method:
The variable cost per unit is ($31,600 - $30,000) / (1,400 - 1,000) = $16.
The fixed cost is calculated using either May or July: $2,000 - ($16 x 4,500) = $30,000 - ($16 x 1,000) = $14,000.
Using the same equation, the budgeted electricity cost for 2,100 units would be: Y = $14,000 + ($16 x 2,100) = $46,600.
D. Using the equation from part A, Y = $1,000 + $0.30x, when x = 780:
Y = $1,000 + ($0.30 x 780) = $1,234.
E. Using the high-low method:
The highest number of clients is 460 in week 4.
The lowest number of clients is 400 in week 1.
The highest cost is $40,000 in week 4.
The lowest cost is $36,880 in week 1.
The variable cost per client is ($40,000 - $36,880) / (460 - 400) = $4.
The fixed cost is calculated using either week 1 or week 3: $36,880 - ($4 x 400) = $35,080 - ($4 x 420) = $33,400.
Therefore, the equation for the cost is: Y = $33,400 + ($4 x x) = $4x + $33,400.
F. The purpose of a flexible budget is to:
A. Compare actual and budgeted results at virtually any level of production.
J. The name given to a budget which has been prepared by building on a previous period’s budgeted or actual figures is:
A. Incremental budget.
L. A master budget comprises:
D. budgeted income statement, budgeted balance sheet and budgeted cash flow only.
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What are key activities in the Business Model Canvas?
Key activities are the most important actions a company must take in order to successfully execute its business model. In the Business Model Canvas, key activities are one of the nine building blocks that make up a business model.
These activities are crucial to the functioning of the business and are necessary for creating value for customers, maintaining customer relationships, and generating revenue.
Key activities can include things like production, problem solving, and platform or network maintenance. It is important for a company to identify its key activities in order to ensure that it is focusing its resources and efforts on the most important aspects of its business.
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If I created a cool new app, pricing model which I would like to use is dynamic pricing strategies and why I use the dynamic pricing strategies?One page answer required please answer according to the question
Dynamic pricing strategies are an effective way to price a new app because they allow for flexibility in response to changing market conditions. This can help maximize profits while also ensuring that the app remains competitive in the market.
One of the key benefits of dynamic pricing strategies is that they allow for price changes based on real-time demand. For example, if there is a surge in demand for the app, the price can be increased to take advantage of this demand. Conversely, if demand decreases, the price can be lowered to attract more customers.
Another benefit of dynamic pricing strategies is that they can be used to offer discounts and promotions to specific groups of customers. For example, the app could offer a discount to students or to users who are willing to make a long-term commitment.
Finally, dynamic pricing strategies can be used to experiment with different pricing levels to find the optimal price for the app. This can help ensure that the app is priced at a level that maximizes profits while also being competitive in the market.
Overall, dynamic pricing strategies are an effective way to price a new app because they allow for flexibility in response to changing market conditions, the ability to offer discounts and promotions, and the ability to experiment with different pricing levels.
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21. Herbalist Jamaican Teas Ltd. is planning to launch a line of noni, cerasse and soursop leaf teas. Discuss the internal factors and external factors that affect a company’s pricing strategies. Also explain the general approaches to pricing that Herbalist Jamaican Teas Ltd can use in pricing its herbal teas.
There are several internal and external factors that can affect a company's pricing strategies. These factors can include the company's cost structure, competition, and market demand.
Internal Factors:
- Cost Structure: The cost structure of a company can have a significant impact on its pricing strategies. This includes the costs of raw materials, labor, and other expenses related to production and distribution. A company with a high cost structure may need to charge higher prices in order to make a profit.
- Marketing Objectives: A company's marketing objectives can also impact its pricing strategies. For example, if a company is trying to gain market share, it may choose to price its products lower in order to attract more customers.
External Factors:
- Competition: The level of competition in a market can have a major impact on a company's pricing strategies. If there are many competitors offering similar products, a company may need to price its products lower in order to remain competitive.
- Market Demand: The level of demand for a product can also impact a company's pricing strategies. If there is high demand for a product, a company may be able to charge higher prices and still attract customers.
General Approaches to Pricing:
There are several general approaches that Herbalist Jamaican Teas Ltd can use in pricing its herbal teas. These include:
- Cost-Based Pricing
- Value-Based Pricing
- Competition-Based Pricing
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Today, a company paid a dividend in the amount of $2.15 per share. For the next 2 years, the company is expected to increase its dividend by 15% each year. The company is then expected to have a dividend growth rate that remains constant at 3% forever. Assume investors require a 11.45% return on this stock. What is the stock's expected price per share 2 years now?
The stock's expected price per share 2 years from now is $20.53
Today, a company paid a dividend of $2.15 per share and is expected to increase its dividend by 15% each year for the next 2 years. After that, the company is expected to have a constant dividend growth rate of 3%.
If investors require a return of 11.45%, the stock's expected price per share 2 years from now can be calculated using the dividend discount model. The formula is:
P = D1/(R-G),
where P is the expected price per share, D1 is the dividend for the first year, R is the required rate of return, and G is the growth rate of the dividend.
In this case, D1 = 2.15, R = 11.45%, and G = 3%.
Therefore, P = 2.15/(11.45%-3%) = $20.53.
Therefore, the stock's expected price per share 2 years from now is $20.53.
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Company XYZ uses two forecasting methods with α=. 1 for Method A and α=. 5 for Method B to forecast its monthly sales of one of its products. The data pertain to the actual sales levels over a period of eight months. What is the value of the tracking signal as of the end of the eighth month? Which method provides better forecast accuracy?
He guesses that the forecast of the product unloaded in the first month was 175. QUARTER
ACT. DEMAND
QUARTER
ACT. DEMAND
1
180
5
190
2
168
6
205
3
159
7
180
4
175
8
182
Method B improves prediction accuracy for the product's monthly sales based on the tracking signal and the provided data.
What is the purpose of a tracking signal?The purpose of a tracking signal is to measure the forecast accuracy of a forecasting model or method over time. It is a way to monitor whether the forecast is consistently overestimating or underestimating the actual demand, and to what extent.
To calculate the tracking signal, we first need to calculate the forecasted sales for each method for each month. We can start by using the given initial forecast of 175 for both methods for the first month, and then use the formulas:
Method A: Ft = α(At-1) + (1-α)Ft-1
Method B: Ft = αAt-1 + (1-α)Ft-1
where:
Ft is the forecast for month t
At-1 is the actual sales for the previous month
Ft-1 is the forecast for the previous month
α is the smoothing constant
Using α=.1 for Method A and α=.5 for Method B, we get:
QUARTER ACTUAL DEMAND METHOD A FORECAST METHOD B FORECAST
1 180 175 175
2 168 175.5 175
3 159 170.95 172.75
4 175 167.155 167.375
5 190 176.2395 172.1875
6 205 187.91555 181.59375
7 180 193.223995 193.296875
8 182 187.9015965 188.6484375
To calculate the tracking signal, we can use the formula:
Tracking Signal = Σ(At - Ft)/MAD
where:
At is the actual sales for month t
Ft is the forecast for month t
MAD is the Mean Absolute Deviation, which is the average of the absolute deviations between the actual sales and the forecast over the previous 8 months
Using the actual sales and the forecasts from the table above, we can calculate the MAD as follows:
MAD = (|180-175| + |168-175.5| + |159-170.95| + |175-167.155| + |190-176.2395| + |205-187.91555| + |180-193.223995| + |182-187.9015965|)/8
= 11.6358
Using this value, we can calculate the tracking signal for each method:
Method A:
Tracking Signal = (180-187.9015965)/11.6358
= -0.6791
Method B:
Tracking Signal = (180-188.6484375)/11.6358
= -0.6622
Since both tracking signals are negative, this means that both methods tend to overestimate sales. However, Method B has a slightly smaller tracking signal, which means that it is somewhat more accurate than Method A.
Therefore, based on the tracking signal and the given data, Method B provides better forecast accuracy for the product's monthly sales.
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it a company cannot perform an activity more efficiently than its competitors, they should consider
If a company cannot perform an activity more efficiently than its competitors, they should consider outsourcing that activity to another company that can perform it more efficiently.
Outsourcing is a commercial activity in which services or job activities are contracted or outsourced to a third party on an ongoing basis.
Outsourcing can assist you in leveraging knowledge and talents as well as your entire supply chain.
This will allow the company to focus on their core competencies and activities that they can perform more efficiently than their competitors, while still being able to offer the outsourced activity as part of their overall product or service. Outsourcing can also help reduce costs and increase flexibility for the company.
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Help!!!
Assume that you have been newly hired to a great company and you would like to keep your job. What are some of the strategies that you can demonstrate in order to keep your job in a competitive market? In a paragraph or two, describe at least three of these strategies and give reasons why you believe they are important.
Answer:
Work ethics is defined as the set of moral values, benefits, and virtue by which an individual can strengthen their character and abilities. It is based on the determination, importance of work, and desire to work hard.
The three ways in which a newly hired employee can do great at the company are:
1. Integrity and Honesty are the two values that are most important in a workplace. The individual should be honest about the work and work with full determination.
2. Discipline and Responsible for the kind of work the individual is doing. The person should have the desire to work hard, responsibly, and have the discipline to achieve promotion in a company.
3. Productivity and communication are also the key elements of work ethics. The person should increase and bring out productivity every day and have excellent communication skills.
Therefore, responsibility, honesty, hard work, and discipline are some of the elements to achieve great at a company.
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Explanation:
Laura Hall is interested in buying the stock of Wildhorse, Inc., which is increasing its dividends at a constant rate of 6.8 percent. Last year the firm paid a dividend of $2.65. The required rate of return is 15.70 percent.
Excel Template
(Note: This template includes the problem statement as it appears in your textbook. The problem assigned to you here may have different values. When using this template, copy the problem statement from this screen for easy reference to the values you’ve been given here, and be sure to update any values that may have been pre-entered in the template based on the textbook version of the problem.)
(a1)
What is the current value of this stock? (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 15.20.)
Current value $enter the current value of the stock rounded to 2 decimal places
(a2)
what is the current value at the end of year 5.
The current value of the stock is $31.80 (a). The current value of the stock at the end of year 5 is $42.58 (b).
The current value of the stock can be calculated using the dividend discount model (DDM), which is a method of valuing a company's stock based on the theory that its stock is worth the sum of all of its future dividend payments, discounted back to their present value. The formula for the DDM is:
Where:
P0 = the current value of the stockD1 = the expected dividend payment one year from nowr = the required rate of returng = the constant growth rate of the dividendsGiven the information provided in the question, we can plug in the values and calculate the current value of the stock:
P0 = ($2.65 * 1.068) / (0.1570 - 0.068)P0 = $2.83 / 0.089P0 = $31.80
Therefore, the current value of the stock is $31.80.
To calculate the current value at the end of year 5, we can use the same formula but adjust the expected dividend payment to account for the growth over 5 years:
Therefore, the current value of the stock at the end of year 5 is $42.58.
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CASE: THE TROPHY PROJECT 1.1 Critique the case from an Industry 4.0 characteristics perspective. (Note that "critique" means to "analyse the situation critically include SWOT analysis .*The ill-fated Trophy Project1.1 Critique the case from an Industry 4.0 characteristics perspective. (Note that "critique" means to "analyse the situation critically"). 1.2 Based on your critique, what should be done to remedy the situation? TIP: Critique means delivering a critical discussion regarding the situation described in the case. It is advisable to do a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis to better understand the situation under scrutiny. This must be followed by categorising the problems uncovered into Behavioural, Structural, and Operational dimensions. Keep in mind that the world has entered the "collaboratist" Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0 economy) that demands organisations to undergo transformation and change in many respects.
The Trophy Project case highlights several issues that are related to Industry 4.0 characteristics. From a SWOT analysis perspective, the Strengths,Weaknesses, Opportunities,Threats can be identified:
Strengths:
- The project had a clear goal and objective to be achieved.
Weaknesses:
- Lack of communication and collaboration among the project team members.
- Lack of leadership and project management skills.
- Lack of accountability and responsibility among the team members.
- Lack of understanding of Industry 4.0 characteristics and the need for transformation and change.
Opportunities:
- The project had the potential to be successful if the above weaknesses were addressed.
- The project could have benefited from the adoption of Industry 4.0 characteristics such as collaboration, communication, and accountability.
Threats:
- The project was at risk of failure due to the above weaknesses.
- The project was at risk of not meeting the expectations of the stakeholders.
Based on the above critique, the following should be done to remedy the situation:
- Improve communication and collaboration among the project team members.
- Provide training on leadership and project management skills.
- Ensure accountability and responsibility among the team members.
- Educate the team members on Industry 4.0 characteristics and the need for transformation and change.
- Implement Industry 4.0 characteristics such as collaboration, communication, and accountability in the project.
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Vincent is a truck driver making approximately $4000 monthly. His offer of employment states that he would receive a 0.2% monthly increase in his income. He is heavily invested in a tax-free ETF that has a return of .6667% monthly or 8% annually. His investment is to be compounded monthly. Vincent would like to save for a car in 5 years that would cost $100,000. He presently put $5000 in his ETF. If he expects to save 15% of his monthly income (adjust for the .2% monthly increase in income) for the next 5 years. What would be the value of his investment at the end of year 5? Would it reach his goal of $100,000? (Assume monthly compounding)
The total value of Vincent's investment at the end of year 5 would be $7349.50 + $6315.35 = $13,664.85. Unfortunately, this would not reach his goal of $100,000.
The value of Vincent's investment at the end of year 5 can be calculated using the formula for compound interest:
A = P(1+r/n)^(nt),
where A is the final amount, P is the principal amount, r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of times interest is compounded per year, and t is the number of years.
For the ETF investment:
P = $5000
r = 0.08
n = 12 (monthly compounding)
t = 5
A = $5000(1+0.08/12)^(12*5) = $7349.50
For the monthly savings:
P = $4000 * 0.15 = $600 (initial monthly savings)
r = 0.002 (0.2% monthly increase in income)
n = 12
t = 5
A = $600(1+0.002/12)^(12*5) = $6315.35
The total value of Vincent's investment at the end of year 5 would be $7349.50 + $6315.35 = $13,664.85.
Unfortunately, this would not reach his goal of $100,000.
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Sally would like to salary sacrifice some of her salary into superannuation. Her employer contributions are $15,000 each year. What is the maximum amount of her salary that she can salary sacrifice into superannuation each year at the concessional rate of 15% contributions tax in most circumstances (assuming no carry-forward)
The maximum amount that Sally can salary sacrifice into superannuation each year at the concessional rate of 15% contributions tax is $25,000.
This is because the concessional contributions cap is $25,000 for the 2020-21 financial year, which includes employer contributions, salary sacrifice contributions, and personal contributions for which a tax deduction is claimed.
Since Sally's employer contributions are $15,000 each year, she can salary sacrifice an additional $10,000 ($25,000 - $15,000) into superannuation at the concessional rate of 15% contributions tax.
It is important to note that the concessional contributions cap may change in future years and that there may be additional rules and restrictions that apply to salary sacrificing into superannuation.
It is always a good idea to consult with a financial advisor or tax professional to ensure that you are making the most of your superannuation contributions.
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Clinton Corp. had the following pretax income (loss) over its first three years of operations:
2019: 1,200,000
2020: (900,000)
2021: 1,500,000
As of the beginning of 2021, there were no deferred income taxes and the tax rate was 25%. No valuation account was deemed necessary for the deferred tax asset as of December 31,2020. Make the journal entry in 2021 to record income tax expense, Assume a deferred tax asset was recognized in 2020 related to the tax loss carryforward and a tax loss carryback was not allowed.
Please show the calculation
To record income tax expense in 2021, we need to calculate the current tax expense and the deferred tax expense.
The current tax expense is calculated by multiplying the pretax income for the year by the tax rate. The deferred tax expense is calculated by multiplying the difference between the deferred tax asset at the beginning of the year and the deferred tax asset at the end of the year by the tax rate.
Current tax expense = 1,500,000 x 25% = 375,000
Deferred tax asset at the beginning of 2021 = 900,000 x 25% = 225,000
Deferred tax asset at the end of 2021 = 0 (since there are no more tax loss carryforwards)
Deferred tax expense = (225,000 - 0) x 25% = 56,250
Total income tax expense = Current tax expense + Deferred tax expense = 375,000 + 56,250 = 431,250
The journal entry to record income tax expense in 2021 is:
Debit Income Tax Expense 431,250
Credit Income Taxes Payable 375,000
Credit Deferred Tax Asset 56,250
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subject: International Marketing Qustion#1 [4+6](a) Mention the name of a global company and a multinational company. Why are they global and multinational companies? Give your opinion.Suppose you are doing business in U.S. Market. How do SRC and Ethnocentrism create problems for you to appreciate U.S. cultures correctly? Discuss
A global company is a business that operates in multiple countries and a multinational company is a business that operates in multiple countries
SRC (Self-reference criterion)SRC (Self-reference criterion) is the tendency to evaluate another culture based on one's own cultural standards. This can be a problem when doing business in the U.S. market, as it can lead to an underestimation of the potential of the market due to lack of knowledge of local cultural nuances.
Ethnocentrism is the tendency to favor one's own culture and view other cultures as inferior. This can be an issue in the U.S. market as it can lead to failure to appreciate the strengths and opportunities of the U.S. culture, and make it difficult to effectively communicate with customers and partners.
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APITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL The Kelvin Company paid an annual dividend of $1.50, and is expected to grow at 7% in the future. Short term Treasury bills are yielding 6% and an average stock yields a cumulative return of 10%. The stock price of the company is relatively volatile and moves at twice the rate of the overall market (beta = 2.0). What is the estimated selling price of Kelvin stock? 1, Assuming the risk-free return is 5 percent and the market return is 8 percent and the beta of the asset is 1.5, what is the expected rate of return of the asset that can be calculated using the CAPM model. 2.
The expected rate of return of the asset that can be asset is 9.5%.
The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is used to estimate the expected return of an asset based on its beta, the risk-free return, and the market return. The formula for CAPM is:
Expected Return = Risk-free Return + Beta * (Market Return - Risk-free Return)
For the Kelvin Company, we can plug in the given values into the CAPM formula:
Expected Return = 6% + 2.0 * (10% - 6%)
Expected Return = 6% + 2.0 * 4%
Expected Return = 6% + 8%
Expected Return = 14%
To find the estimated selling price of Kelvin stock, we can use the Gordon Growth Model, which is:
Price = Dividend / (Required Rate of Return - Growth Rate)
Plugging in the values for Kelvin Company, we get:
Price = $1.50 / (14% - 7%)
Price = $1.50 / 7%
Price = $21.43
Therefore, the estimated selling price of Kelvin stock is $21.43.
For the second part of the question, we can use the CAPM formula to find the expected rate of return of the asset:
Expected Return = 5% + 1.5 * (8% - 5%)
Expected Return = 5% + 1.5 * 3%
Expected Return = 5% + 4.5%
Expected Return = 9.5%
Therefore, the expected rate of return of the asset is 9.5%.
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