only about 2.5% of all the water on our planet is freshwater. however, ________.

The region that transitions between a river and the sea is called an estuary.

Estuaries are dynamic and complex ecosystems where freshwater from the river mixes with saltwater from the sea. The mixing of these two types of water creates a unique environment that supports a wide range of plant and animal species.

Estuaries also provide important ecosystem services, such as filtering pollutants, stabilizing shorelines, and supporting commercial and recreational activities like fishing and boating. However, estuaries are also vulnerable to human activities such as pollution, land use changes, and climate change, which can impact the health and productivity of these important habitats.

For more about estuary:

https://brainly.com/question/14681370

#SPJ11

The landform created here is a valley in a V shape as a result of river erosion, hence that is the solution. Its source is close to the river's upper course.

Hills and mountains frequently feature valleys that resemble a V. The rapid current and high grades of these rivers create these valleys in their upper courses.

Moving rivers and streams create the first valley cuts in a V-shape. The valley is V-shaped, with steep cliffs and a narrow floor that, from a distance, like the letter "V." The valley was formed by erosion over time.

In the upper part of the river, vertical erosion is more common. In comparison to the top of the river channel, rivers remove more materials.

Complete question is:

Identify the structure landform in figure 2. 1?

To know more about landforms, click:

https://brainly.com/question/22196245

#SPJ4

The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak is not just a work of fine art but also a historical document that reflects the US government's interest in westward expansion and exploration.

The painting, created by artist Albert Bierstadt in 1863, captures the stunning beauty of the Rocky Mountains and features Lander's Peak, a prominent summit in the Wyoming region.

At the time of the painting's creation, the US government was actively pursuing westward expansion through the exploration and mapping of the western territories. The government sponsored expeditions, such as those led by John C. Fremont and Isaac Stevens, to survey and map the region, as well as to establish a presence in the area.

The painting, with its grandiose depiction of the western landscape, was not only a reflection of Bierstadt's artistic vision but also a celebration of the government's efforts in westward expansion and exploration. It served to inspire and generate public support for further exploration and settlement of the western territories.

Learn more about westward here:

https://brainly.com/question/29774506

#SPJ4

The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak is an 1863 artwork by American artist Albert Bierstadt. While the artwork depicts the Rocky Mountains beautifully, it also serves as an expedition record of the government's interest in creating western expansion routes.

During the 1800s, the United States government was eager to push westward and chart new territory. The picture portrays a mountain peak named after explorer Frederick Lander, who was commissioned by the government to chart a path from Fort Kearny in Nebraska to the Pacific Coast.

Bierstadt's painting contributed to the popularization of the American West and the promotion of western expansion. Although the government was interested in recording aboriginal customs and conserving unspoilt scenery, these were neither the major objectives for the Lander expedition or the creation of Bierstadt's picture.

Overall, Lander's Peak in the Rocky Mountains serves as a record of the United States government's efforts to push westward and claim new territory.

Learn more about Albert Bierstadt:

https://brainly.com/question/13820915

#SPJ4

Complete question:

Apart from its status as fine art, The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak is also an expedition record of government interest in

a) opening western expansion routes.

b) documenting native culture.

c) preserving unspoiled nature.

d) education about the environment.

This statement is True. Due to the tidal forces exerted by Jupiter, Io experiences constant flexing and stretching which generates heat and keeps the interior molten.

It is believed that Io has a relatively thin solid crust over a layer of molten rock, and this is due to the ongoing tidal stresses.

Thus,due to tidal stresses, it is likely that most of Io is molten, with a relatively thin solid crust. The tidal forces from Jupiter and other nearby moons generate immense heat within Io, keeping a significant portion of its interior in a molten state.

Learn more about Jupiter here:- brainly.com/question/20979520

#SPJ11

The given statement "Most forests do not follow a strict pattern of being rainy for half the year and dry for the other half" is false because the climate and rainfall patterns in forests can vary greatly depending on the location and other environmental factors.

For example, tropical rainforests generally experience consistent rainfall throughout the year, while temperate forests may have wetter seasons in the spring and fall, and drier seasons in the summer and winter. However, these patterns are not always consistent and can vary from year to year.

Additionally, some forests may have more consistent rainfall due to proximity to bodies of water or other factors. It is important to remember that while some generalizations can be made about forest climates, each forest is unique and can have its own distinct weather patterns.

For more about environmental factors:

https://brainly.com/question/29517743

#SPJ11

The thermohaline conveyor is the combined global-scale flow of surface and deep water.

The combined global-scale flow of surface and deep water is known as the thermohaline conveyor.  

The global oceanic circulation pattern known as the "thermohaline conveyor" is influenced by variations in temperature and salinity and has an impact on global climate and weather patterns.

The combined flow of deep and surface water at a global scale is known as the thermohaline conveyor. The thermohaline conveyor is the term for the combined worldwide flow of surface and deep water.

It also goes by the name "global conveyor belt" because it moves heat and salt throughout the oceans of the planet.

For such more question on thermohaline:

https://brainly.com/question/31018496

#SPJ11

Both biotic and abiotic components make up ecosystems. Water, soil, and the atmosphere are examples of abiotic factors, which are non-living substances, whereas plants, animals, and bacteria are examples of biotic factors, which are living things present in an ecosystem.

The term "biotic" is made from of the terms "bio" and "tic," both of which denote comparable concepts. Thus, the word denotes "lifelike" and refers to all living creatures present in an ecosystem. All the non-living elements that make up an ecosystem are collectively referred to as abiotic. The abiotic components are made up of the sun, water, and terrain.

All the organisms in the ecosystem have a relationship with biotic variables. The biological byproducts they produce and their presence alter an ecosystem's structure. All non-living, chemical, and physical elements found in the earth's atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere are referred to as abiotic factors.

Learn more about Ecosystem here:

https://brainly.com/question/1514975

#SPJ1

A composite volcano, also known as a stratovolcano, is a type of volcano that is tall and conical in shape. It is composed of alternating layers of lava, ash, and other volcanic debris. When a composite volcano erupts, it can produce a variety of products, including ash, cinders, and lava.

Cinders are small pieces of volcanic rock that are less than 2.5 inches in diameter. They are formed when magma is ejected into the air and cools rapidly, forming small fragments. Cinders can be produced during a composite volcano eruption.

Andesitic lava is a type of lava that is viscous and contains a high percentage of silica. It is commonly associated with composite volcanoes and can be produced during an eruption.

Volcanic bombs are large chunks of lava that are ejected from a volcano during an eruption. They are formed when magma is thrown into the air and cools before hitting the ground. Volcanic bombs can be produced during a composite volcano eruption.

Gases, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, are also produced during a composite volcano eruption. These gases can be harmful to humans and animals if they are released in large quantities.

Ash is a fine-grained volcanic rock that is less than 2 mm in diameter. It is formed when magma is ejected into the air and cools rapidly, forming small particles. Ash can be produced during a composite volcano eruption.

In summary, all of the options listed (a, b, c, d, e) can be products of a composite volcano eruption.

To know more about composite volcano refer here

https://brainly.com/question/1100623#

#SPJ11

The depth to which mixing occurs above the surface on a clear, windy day is influenced by a complex interplay between these factors.

On a clear, windy day, the depth to which mixing occurs above the surface depends on several factors, including:

1. Wind speed: The stronger the wind, the deeper the mixing will be. High wind speeds generate more turbulence, which allows mixing to occur at greater depths.

2. Water temperature: The temperature of the water affects its density, which, in turn, affects the mixing depth. Cooler water is denser than warmer water, so mixing will occur at shallower depths in colder water.

3. Solar radiation: The amount of solar radiation that penetrates the water column influences the mixing depth. If the water is clear, more sunlight can penetrate the water column, which can lead to deeper mixing.

4. Water depth: The depth of the water column affects the extent of mixing. Shallow water bodies will mix more easily than deep water bodies, where mixing is restricted by the weight of the water above.

5. Bottom topography: The shape of the bottom of the body of water can also impact the mixing depth. If the bottom is uneven or contains obstructions, it can create turbulence that leads to deeper mixing.

To know more about windy day refer here

https://brainly.com/question/28696231#

#SPJ11

The use of a horse and buggy by the Amish in the United States is an example of one element of their traditional transportation system.

The preservation of traditional and simple ways of life among the Amish community in the United States. The use of a horse and buggy for transportation is just one element of this lifestyle, which includes a rejection of modern technology and a focus on self-sufficiency and community support.

This way of life has been passed down for generations and is deeply rooted in Amish culture and beliefs. This practice reflects their commitment to simplicity and avoidance of modern technology, which is a key aspect of Amish culture and lifestyle.

Learn more about traditional transportation here: brainly.com/question/30116655

#SPJ11

In summary, the cardinality of the relationships for the given pairs is Many-to-One (or Many-to-Optional-One), One-to-One, One-to-Many, and One-to-Many, respectively.
To determine the cardinality of each relationship, please consider the following:

1. Cities to Counties: One-to-Many One city can belong to only one county, but a county can have multiple cities within it.

2. Capitals to States: One-to-One Each state has only one capital city, and each capital city belongs to just one state.

3. Parcels to Zoning Codes: Many-to-One Multiple parcels can share the same zoning code, but each parcel has only one zoning code assigned to it.

4. Watersheds to Wells: One-to-Many One watershed can have multiple wells located within it, but each well belongs to only one watershed.

To know more about cardinality visit :

https://brainly.com/question/31064120

#SPJ11

The fundamental reason that Mars has so little geological activity compared to Earth is its small size, which means that it has a smaller amount of heat-producing radioactive isotopes in its core, resulting in a slower rate of heat loss from its interior. Additionally, Mars' slow rotation compared to Earth and its farther distance from the sun also contribute to its lack of geological activity.

Mars' relatively small size and slow rate of heat loss from its interior have contributed to its lack of geological activity. However, despite its less active geology, Mars still exhibits a range of fascinating geological features, including vast plains, deep canyons, and towering volcanoes, that continue to intrigue scientists and space enthusiasts alike.

Understanding the geological history and dynamics of Mars can provide important insights into the evolution of our solar system and the potential for extraterrestrial life.

Know more about the geology of Mars:

https://brainly.com/question/31536798

#SPJ11

In a radio galaxy, the ultimate energy source for the entire radio lobe source is thought to be the supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy. Radio galaxies are characterized by their strong and extended emission of radio waves, which are produced by high-energy electrons spiraling around magnetic field lines in the presence of synchrotron radiation.

The source of energy for these high-energy electrons is believed to be the accretion disk surrounding the supermassive black hole. As matter falls towards the black hole, it releases a tremendous amount of gravitational potential energy, which powers the accretion disk and produces intense radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum, including X-rays and gamma rays.

Part of this energy is then channeled into powerful jets of plasma that are launched from the vicinity of the black hole and produce the extended radio emission that characterizes radio galaxies.

Therefore, the supermassive black hole at the center of a radio galaxy is the ultimate energy source for the entire radio lobe source.

To know more about radio galaxy refer here

https://brainly.com/question/27177194#

#SPJ11

To find the radius of a sphere with a surface area of 803.84 square meters, use the equation 803.84 = 4πr², where SA is the surface area and r is the radius. The resulting value for r is approximately 5 meters. So, the correct option is C).

The surface area of a sphere is given by the formula: SA = 4πr², where r is the radius of the sphere.

Given SA = 803.84 square meters, we can set up the equation

803.84 = 4πr²

To solve for r, we can isolate it on one side of the equation by dividing both sides by 4π

803.84 / (4π) = r²

Taking the square root of both sides, we get

r = √(803.84 / 4π)

Using a calculator, we can evaluate the right-hand side to get

r ≈ 5.04 meters

Therefore, the radius of the sphere is approximately 5.04 meters.

So, the correct answer is C).

To know more about surface area:

https://brainly.com/question/14692728

#SPJ4

A tombolo is a bridge of sediment that connects sea islands. So, the option that best suits is B.

A tombolo is a natural landform that forms when sand and sediment accumulate between an island and the mainland, creating a narrow strip or bridge of land. This strip of land may be visible only at low tide, or it may be permanently above sea level. Tombolos are formed by the interaction of wave action, currents, and sediment transport along a coastline. They can connect islands to the mainland or to other islands, and they often have unique ecosystems and habitats.

Examples of tombolos include the one that connects St. Michael's Mount to the mainland in England and the one that connects Fire Island to Long Island in New York.

To know more about tombolo, click here:

https://brainly.com/question/28172826

#SPJ11

The number of El Niños that have occurred in the last century is approximately 25.

El Niño is a climate phenomenon that occurs in the tropical Pacific Ocean, characterized by warming of the sea surface temperatures. El Niño events are usually defined as those that have a sea surface temperature anomaly greater than or equal to 0.5°C in the Niño 3.4 region of the tropical Pacific.

The duration and intensity of each El Niño event varies, but they generally last from 9 to 12 months and occur on average every 3 to 7 years.

In the last century, there have been approximately 25 El Niño events that have been identified through various methods of observation and analysis of historical data.

However, the exact number of El Niño events can vary depending on the criteria used to define an event and the data sources available for analysis.

Therefore, the number of El Niño events in the last century can be considered an estimate, and it is possible that there may have been slightly more or fewer events than the estimated 25.

To know more about tropical Pacific Ocean refer here

https://brainly.com/question/31182069#

#SPJ11

Active listening techniques used in conversation compare to those used in lecture by Eye contact and asking questions in a lecture are accomplished by observation of expressions and note-taking. option C

Active listening techniques employed in conversation and lectures have commonalities, although their applications differ. Active listening tactics in a conversation include maintaining eye contact, asking questions, and providing feedback.

Because a lecture is often a one-way communication, several active listening tactics employed in conversation, such as providing verbal comments or maintaining direct eye contact, may not always be viable.

Learn more about listening techniques at https://brainly.com/question/16243275

#SPJ1

The level of development in both Canada and the United States is considered as more developed.

The correct option is B.

Canada and the United States both have high levels of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, a high Human Development Index (HDI) score, and a high Human Development Index (HDI) rank. Canada and the United States both rank in the top 10 countries in terms of Human Development Index.

In addition, Canada and the United States both have high life expectancy and high literacy rates. Canada and the United States both have a high level of access to advanced technologies and infrastructure, as well as good access to health services and education. All of these factors are indicative of a more developed nation.

The correct option is B.

To know more about Human Development Index, click here:

https://brainly.com/question/30366176

#SPJ4

One proposed site for a permanent geologic repository for nuclear waste was Yucca Mountain, located in Nevada, United States.

Yucca Mountain was selected by the US government in 1987 as the site for a deep geological repository for spent nuclear fuel and other high-level radioactive waste.

The site was chosen because it was thought to be geologically stable and isolated from human populations and groundwater systems.

However, the project faced significant opposition from environmental groups, Native American tribes, and the state of Nevada, which argued that the site was not suitable for a nuclear waste repository.

In 2011, the US government terminated the Yucca Mountain project, and the issue of nuclear waste disposal remains unresolved in the United States.

To learn more about geologic, click here:

https://brainly.com/question/5634603

#SPJ11

The two main locations where ice cores are drilled are the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets.

Both ice sheets have large areas of relatively stable ice that have accumulated over thousands of years, making them ideal locations for studying past climate conditions through the analysis of ice cores. Ice cores from these locations have provided important information on past atmospheric composition, temperature, and precipitation patterns, as well as the history of volcanic eruptions, solar activity, and other factors that can influence climate.

Ice cores are analyzed by cutting them into segments and measuring various properties of the ice and the trapped materials. For example, scientists can measure the concentration of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, which provides a record of past atmospheric conditions. They can also measure the ratio of oxygen isotopes in the ice, which provides information about past temperature and precipitation patterns. By analyzing the layers of ice, scientists can create a detailed chronology of the environmental conditions that existed over thousands of years.

Ice cores are valuable tools for studying past climate and environmental conditions, and they can provide important insights into how the Earth's climate system has changed over time. They are used by scientists in a wide range of disciplines, including climatology, atmospheric science, and paleoclimatology, and they have contributed significantly to our understanding of the Earth's climate history.

To know more about ice cores, please click on:

https://brainly.com/question/18170844

#SPJ11

The NYSE acquired the ECN Archipelago, and NASDAQ recently acquired the ECN Instinet. So, option A is accurate.

ECN stands for Electronic Communication Network. It is a type of automated system that allows for the electronic matching of buy and sell orders in financial markets. ECNs can provide traders with faster and more efficient trade executions compared to traditional exchanges. They allow for anonymity, transparency, and often offer lower transaction costs. ECNs have become increasingly popular in the digital age due to their ability to provide real-time market data and faster trading speeds.

The NYSE acquired the ECN (Electronic Communication Network) Archipelago Holdings in 2006, and it became the NYSE Arca platform. Archipelago was one of the first electronic communication networks and was created to offer an alternative to traditional exchanges like the NYSE.

In 2005, NASDAQ acquired the ECN Instinet, one of the largest global electronic trading platforms. Instinet was created to allow institutional investors to trade large blocks of stocks anonymously, without impacting the market.

To know more about ECN

brainly.com/question/14168754

#SPJ11

I believe cap and trade is the best policy to address pollution and curb climate change.

Cap and trade sets a limit on the total emissions allowed and creates a market for emission allowances. This system incentivizes businesses to reduce their emissions and invest in cleaner technologies, as they can sell their unused allowances for profit. By setting a cap, it ensures a specific reduction in emissions, while the trading aspect promotes cost-effective solutions and economic efficiency. This market-based approach encourages innovation and fosters global cooperation, making it an effective strategy to combat climate change.

Learn more about incentivizes here:

https://brainly.com/question/3599883

#SPJ11

Answer:Ozone is a major component in a noxious mixture of gases and particles called smog.

Explanation:Smog is a type of air pollution that is created by the interaction of sunlight with hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides emitted by cars, factories, and other sources.

When these pollutants are exposed to sunlight, they react to form ground-level ozone, which is a major component of smog. Smog can cause a range of health problems, including respiratory issues, eye irritation, and headaches. It can also harm plants and animals and contribute to climate change.

Ozone is a major component in a noxious mixture of gases and particles called smog.

Smog is a type of air pollution that occurs when emissions from vehicles, industry, and other sources react with sunlight and heat to form ground-level ozone, particulate matter, and other harmful pollutants. Exposure to smog can cause a range of health problems, including respiratory issues, asthma attacks, and heart disease. Smog can also have negative impacts on crops and other vegetation, as well as on visibility and the overall quality of the environment.

You can learn more about smog at

https://brainly.com/question/8911267

#SPJ11

The correct answer is b. internal Chinese political reforms.

The reasons for the massive influx of foreign manufacturing to China in the 1990s and 2000s include all of the following except internal Chinese political reforms. The other reasons include low-cost Chinese labor, the establishment of SEZs in Chinese coastal cities, more efficient shipping of goods back from China, and competition from domestic Chinese companies.

These factors collectively created an attractive business environment for foreign companies seeking to cut costs and improve profitability. The low-cost Chinese labor was a particularly significant draw, as it allowed companies to produce goods at a fraction of the cost compared to developed countries. The establishment of SEZs in Chinese coastal cities provided additional incentives such as tax breaks and streamlined regulations for foreign companies, encouraging them to set up operations in these areas. Additionally, the Chinese government's investment in infrastructure and technology helped to improve the efficiency of transportation and communication, making it easier and cheaper for foreign companies to do business in China.

All these factors combined to create a perfect storm for foreign companies looking to expand their operations in the 1990s and 2000s, leading to China's emergence as a manufacturing powerhouse.

Know more about economic growth:

https://brainly.com/question/1690575

#SPJ11

Wind-driven surface currents move at a speed that is typically 2-3% of the average driving wind speed.

These currents are primarily influenced by the Coriolis effect and frictional forces, which determine their direction and velocity.

The Coriolis effect, caused by Earth's rotation, causes water particles to be deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. This effect is responsible for creating large-scale gyres, which are circular systems of wind-driven surface currents in the world's oceans.

Frictional forces, on the other hand, occur due to the interaction between the wind and the ocean's surface. The wind's energy is transferred to the water, causing it to move in a process known as Ekman transport. The top layer of water moves with the wind, while the layers beneath are progressively deflected by the Coriolis effect and slowed down by friction, creating a spiral pattern.

The combined effect of the Coriolis force and frictional forces results in wind-driven surface currents moving at a slower speed than the wind. These currents play a crucial role in distributing heat and nutrients across the globe, influencing weather patterns and supporting marine ecosystems.

Learn more about Coriolis effect here: https://brainly.com/question/21826324

#SPJ11

Since the temperature became warmer, we can expect the air parcel to rise.

The condition under which we can expect the air parcel to rise will be if its temperature becomes warmer than the air in the surrounding environment.

From the picture, it is clear that the air parcel had a temperature of 30 degrees Celsius while the troposphere had a temperature of 15 degrees Celsius. Given this condition, we can expect the air parcel to rise because its temperature is higher than the environment.

Learn more about air parcels here:

https://brainly.com/question/14298203

#SPJ1

The sum of the characteristics that hold a mass in place is referred to as Shear resistance.

The overall shear resistance of a mass depends on various factors, including the material's composition, structural design, and external support. Material properties such as strength, stiffness, and ductility play crucial roles in determining shear resistance. Stronger materials exhibit greater resistance to deformation under shear forces, while ductile materials can undergo significant deformation without breaking.

The structural design also influences shear resistance. Geometric properties, such as shape and size, as well as internal reinforcements like steel bars or fibers, can improve a structure's ability to resist shear forces. Properly designed joints and connections between structural elements further enhance shear resistance by distributing forces evenly across the structure.

External support, such as soil or adjacent structures, contributes to a mass's shear resistance as well. For instance, in the case of retaining walls or foundations, the surrounding soil can provide additional support to counteract the shear forces exerted on the mass.

In conclusion, shear resistance is the sum of the characteristics that allow a mass to withstand shear forces. It is dependent on material properties, structural design, and external support, all of which work together to maintain the stability and integrity of the mass under stress.

Know more about Structural design here:

https://brainly.com/question/30546828

#SPJ11

The Hadley cell is a global atmospheric circulation system that is responsible for transporting heat from the equator towards the poles. For the northern hemisphere, the Hadley cell extends from the equator to approximately 30 degrees north latitude.

At the northern edge of the Hadley cell, there is a general feature that is commonly referred to as the subtropical high-pressure zone.

This subtropical high-pressure zone is characterized by a stable and dry atmospheric condition, which is the result of the descending air from the upper atmosphere.

This descending air creates a high-pressure zone that inhibits the formation of clouds and precipitation, resulting in arid and desert-like conditions in many areas.

The subtropical high-pressure zone plays a crucial role in shaping the climate and weather patterns of the northern hemisphere. It is responsible for the creation of the trade winds, which blow towards the equator from the subtropical regions, and also influences the development of tropical cyclones and hurricanes.

Overall, the subtropical high-pressure zone is an essential component of the Hadley cell and has a significant impact on the weather and climate of the northern hemisphere.

To know more about Hadley cell refer here

https://brainly.com/question/10769956#

#SPJ11

The following actions are primarily aimed at climate change mitigation: Transitioning to the use of energy sources with low greenhouse gas emissions Developing alternative materials

Discouraging development of housing in low-lying coastal areas exposed to increased flood risk under projected climate change and improving storm water drainage infrastructure in cities to better handle intense rainfall events that may increase under climate change are actions that can help to adapt to the impacts of climate change, rather than mitigate greenhouse gas emissions that cause climate change. Actions made to lessen or stop the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change are referred to as climate change mitigation.

Learn more about climate change here:

https://brainly.com/question/28779953

#SPJ11

Island arcs and Andean-type mountains are both examples of mountains formed by subduction zones, which are convergent plate boundaries where one tectonic plate is forced beneath another into the Earth's mantle.

In the case of island arcs, subduction occurs when an oceanic plate is subducted beneath another oceanic plate or a continental plate, leading to the formation of a volcanic arc. As the subducting plate descends deeper into the mantle, it undergoes partial melting, and magma rises to the surface, forming a series of volcanoes that create the island arc. Andean-type mountains, on the other hand, form at the boundary between a continental plate and an oceanic plate. As the denser oceanic plate subducts beneath the less dense continental plate, it causes the formation of a volcanic arc and the uplift of the continental plate, leading to the formation of a mountain range. Both island arcs and Andean-type mountains are typically characterized by high levels of seismic activity, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building. These features are a direct result of the intense geological forces at work within subduction zones, which continue to shape the Earth's surface to this day.

Learn more about tectonic plate here:

https://brainly.com/question/19317822

#SPJ11