The answer to your question is b. lipid bilayer.
The fluid mosaic model of membrane structure suggests that the cell membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer, which is a two-layered structure of phospholipid molecules arranged tail-to-tail. The polar heads of the phospholipids face outward, interacting with the aqueous environments of both the extracellular and intracellular spaces, while the nonpolar tails face inward, interacting with each other in the hydrophobic interior of the membrane. This arrangement creates a flexible, fluid-like structure that allows for membrane proteins and other molecules to move freely within the membrane.
Therefore, the lipid bilayer is a key feature of the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure.
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which organelle extracts energy from food molecules and stores it in the high-energy bonds of atp?
The organelle responsible for extracting energy from food molecules and storing it in the high-energy bonds of ATP is the mitochondrion.
This organelle are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell due to their crucial role in energy production, they are found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and have a unique double-membrane structure. The process by which mitochondria extract energy from food molecules is called cellular respiration. During this process, nutrients such as glucose are broken down, and the chemical energy they contain is converted into ATP. Cellular respiration consists of three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle), and the electron transport chain.
Glycolysis occurs in the cell's cytoplasm and breaks down glucose molecules, producing ATP and electron carriers, the citric acid cycle takes place within the mitochondrial matrix, generating more electron carriers and a small amount of ATP. Finally, the electron transport chain, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, uses the electron carriers to create a proton gradient, driving the production of a large amount of ATP through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Overall, mitochondria play a vital role in energy production for the cell, ensuring that sufficient ATP is available for the cell's various needs. The organelle responsible for extracting energy from food molecules and storing it in the high-energy bonds of ATP is the mitochondrion.
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crabs are only able to walk from side-to-side, i.e. perpendicular, relative to where their heads are facing. which answer option explains why this is the case?
Crabs are known for their unique side-to-side walking motion, which is mainly due to their anatomical structure. Their legs, specifically the joint orientation, are designed to facilitate this type of movement. Unlike other animals, crabs have flattened bodies with legs extending from the sides, giving them a broad and stable base for support.
The legs of a crab consist of several segments joined by flexible joints. The arrangement of these joints, particularly the coxa and merus joints, allows the legs to move efficiently in a side-to-side motion. This design is beneficial for their natural habitat, as it enables them to navigate through narrow spaces and uneven surfaces on the ocean floor or among rocks and corals.
In summary, crabs walk from side-to-side due to their anatomical structure, which includes the orientation of their leg joints. This adaptation provides them with a stable base of support, ease of navigation in their habitat, and an efficient defense mechanism against predators.
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Of the muscles that move the glenohumeral joint, two attach to the axial skeleton. Which ones? a: Latissimus dorsi b: Deltoid c: Pectoralis major d: Teres major : Coracobrachialis
The glenohumeral joint is primarily moved by a group of muscles known as the rotator cuff. Above mentioned, two of them attach to the axial skeleton and contribute to the movement of the glenohumeral joint. These two muscles are:
a: Latissimus dorsi - This muscle originates from the lower back and attaches to the humerus. It plays a significant role in shoulder extension, adduction, and internal rotation.
c: Pectoralis major - This muscle originates from the sternum, clavicle, and ribs and inserts onto the humerus. It is responsible for shoulder flexion, adduction, and internal rotation.
Both the latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major are connected to the axial skeleton, allowing them to provide stability and strength during various upper body movements.
The other muscles listed (b: Deltoid, d: Teres major, and e: Coracobrachialis) are essential for shoulder movement but do not have a direct attachment to the axial skeleton.
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explain why both atp and nadph are required for the operation of the calvin cycle, and why these two reactants are required in different amounts.
ATP and NADPH are both essential reactants in the Calvin cycle, which is the light-independent phase of photosynthesis that occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts. While, ATP and NADPH are required in different amounts in the Calvin cycle is due to their different roles and functions.
The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to fix carbon dioxide and produce carbohydrates, such as glucose, which are used as energy sources by plants.
ATP is needed in the Calvin cycle to provide energy for the various chemical reactions that occur during the cycle. ATP is a high-energy molecule that stores and transfers energy within cells.
NADPH, on the other hand, is a reducing agent that provides high-energy electrons to the Calvin cycle for the reduction of 3-PGA to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P), which is a key intermediate in carbohydrate synthesis.
ATP is primarily needed for the initial carbon fixation step and subsequent reactions that require energy, while NADPH is specifically required for the reduction of 3-PGA to G3P. The Calvin cycle needs a large amount of ATP to drive the energy-intensive reactions involved in fixing carbon dioxide and synthesizing carbohydrates.
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true or false: infection with the tuberculosis bacterium occurs rather easily, but only a small percentage of those infected will experience disease.
True, infection with the tuberculosis bacterium occurs rather easily, but only a small percentage of those infected will experience disease.
Tuberculosis is a highly infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium. The disease is spread through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Infection with the tuberculosis bacterium occurs rather easily, but only a small percentage of those infected will experience the disease.
In conclusion, while infection with the tuberculosis bacterium occurs rather easily, only a small percentage of those infected will experience the disease. It is important to note that those with weakened immune systems are at a higher risk of developing tuberculosis. Early diagnosis and treatment of the disease are crucial to prevent its spread and minimize its impact on public health.
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____ refers to organisms that live on or are associated with the bottom.
a. Pelagic
b. Neritic
c. Planktonic
d. Benthic
The term that refers to organisms that live on or are associated with the bottom is "benthic."
Benthic organisms include a wide range of species such as sea stars, crabs, worms, and algae that live on or in the sediment of the ocean floor. They are an important part of marine ecosystems, as they play a crucial role in nutrient cycling, energy transfer, and food webs.
Understanding benthic ecosystems and their dynamics is critical for marine conservation efforts and sustainable management of ocean resources. By protecting and conserving benthic habitats, we can help to maintain healthy and productive marine ecosystems.
Benthic organisms are found on the ocean floor, lake beds, or river bottoms and play a vital role in ecosystems. They include both mobile species, such as bottom-dwelling fish and invertebrates, and sessile organisms, such as corals and sponges.
In contrast, a. Pelagic refers to organisms living in open water, b. Neritic relates to the shallow waters over the continental shelf, and c. Planktonic describes small, drifting organisms.
Overall, the correct term for bottom-dwelling organisms is benthic.
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________ectomy is the excision of fatty deposits from the innermost lining of an artery.
Endarterectomy is the excision of fatty deposits from the innermost lining of an artery.
Endarterectomy is a surgical procedure which involves the removal of plaque buildup in the walls of an artery, which can obstruct blood flow and increase the risk of heart attack or stroke. During an endarterectomy, the surgeon makes an incision in the affected area of the artery and carefully removes the buildup of plaque using specialized tools. The artery is then repaired and closed with sutures or a graft to restore blood flow to the affected organ or tissue.
Endarterectomy is commonly performed on patients with atherosclerosis, a condition in which fatty deposits accumulate in the arteries, causing them to narrow and harden. This procedure can help improve blood flow and prevent serious complications, such as heart attack or stroke. It is typically performed under general anesthesia and may require a short hospital stay for recovery. Overall, endarterectomy is a safe and effective treatment for removing fatty deposits from arteries and improving overall cardiovascular health.
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organs and systems like your heart, lungs or nervous system are made up of many cells. how do you think these single celled organsisms carry out life's functions without mutli-celled organs?
Single-celled organisms carry out life's functions without multicellular organs by having specialized organelles within the cell that perform necessary tasks.
In single-celled organisms, such as bacteria and protozoa, various organelles and structures within the cell carry out functions that would be performed by multicellular organs in more complex organisms. For example, single-celled organisms can have structures like flagella for movement, mitochondria for energy production, and ribosomes for protein synthesis. These specialized organelles work together within the single cell to carry out life's functions, such as metabolism, reproduction, and responding to stimuli.
Although single-celled organisms do not have multicellular organs like the heart, lungs, or nervous system, they are still able to perform essential life functions through specialized organelles within the cell.
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a cup of sugar is dumped into a gallon of hot water. after 30 minutes, we will expect that the process of _______ will ensure that the sugar molecules are evenly distributed throughout the water.
A cup of sugar is dumped into a gallon of hot water. after 30 minutes, we will expect that the process of diffusion will ensure that the sugar molecules are evenly distributed throughout the water.
Diffusion is the process of molecules or atoms moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In this case, the sugar molecules have a higher concentration at the bottom of the gallon of hot water, and will move through the water until it is equally distributed throughout the gallon.
Diffusion occurs naturally due to the kinetic energy of the molecules, and the temperature of the water likely aids in the process. Since the water is hot, the molecules move faster and are thus more likely to spread out over the entire gallon of water. After 30 minutes, we can expect that the diffusion process has evenly distributed the sugar molecules throughout the gallon of hot water.
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__________ is classified as a megacity because its population exceeds __________.
Tokyo is classified as a megacity because its population exceeds 10 million.
Tokyo is classified as a megacity because its population exceeds 10 million people. A megacity is typically defined as an urban area with a population of more than 10 million inhabitants. Tokyo is one of the largest and most densely populated cities in the world, with a population of approximately 37 million people in the greater Tokyo area. The city is the political, cultural, and economic center of Japan, and is home to a diverse array of industries, businesses, and institutions. The population density and sheer size of Tokyo pose significant challenges for urban planners, policymakers, and residents alike.
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the most widely accepted current model for membrane structures is called the __________ model.
The most widely accepted current model for membrane structures is called the Fluid Mosaic Model.
The Fluid Mosaic Model was first proposed by S.J. Singer and G.L. Nicolson in 1972 to describe the structure and behavior of biological membranes.
According to this model, the membrane is composed of a fluid lipid bilayer with embedded proteins that are free to move laterally within the membrane. The lipid bilayer is made up of two layers of phospholipids, with the hydrophobic tails facing inward and the hydrophilic heads facing outward.
The proteins embedded within the membrane can serve a variety of functions, such as transport of molecules across the membrane, cell signaling, and structural support.
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Name the fontanelles found on the infant skull. Why aren't they labeled on the adult skull?
A) superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior; they fused and are not on the adult skull
B) sphenoidal (paired), mastoid (paired), anterior, and posterior; they fused and are not on the adult skull
C )coronal, sagittal, lambdoid, and squamous; they fused and are not on the adult skull
D )sphenoidal (paired), mastoid (paired), anterior, and posterior; they became foramen
E ) frontal, parietal, occipital, and sphenoid; they became foramen
The name of the fontanelles found on the infant skull is superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior. The reason why they aren't labeled on the adult skull is that they fuse and are not on the adult skull. The correct answer is A.
The fontanelles are soft spots found on the infant skull where the bones have not yet fused together.
These areas of connective tissue allow for the growth and expansion of the skull during early development and provide flexibility during childbirth.
The fontanelles are essential for the proper formation and growth of the brain and cranial structures.
The fontanelles on the infant skull include the anterior, posterior, and two lateral (superior and inferior) fontanelles.
These soft spots are not labeled on the adult skull because they fuse together as the skull bones grow and develop.
Once the bones have fused, they form sutures, which are immovable joints that provide stability and protection to the brain.
The sutures of the adult skull are not labeled because they are fixed and do not change over time.
It is important for healthcare professionals to be knowledgeable about the fontanelles on the infant skull, as abnormalities in their size or closure can indicate developmental or neurological issues. Therefore, the correct answer is A.
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the correct chronological sequence for the stages of the sexual response cycle is ______.
The correct chronological sequence for the stages of the sexual response cycle is Excitement phase, Plateau phase, Orgasmic phase, and Resolution phase.
The correct chronological sequence for the stages of the sexual response cycle is as follows:
Excitement phase: This is the initial stage of the sexual response cycle, during which sexual arousal begins to build in response to physical or psychological stimulation. This can involve physical changes such as increased heart rate and blood pressure, as well as psychological changes such as feelings of anticipation and desire.
Plateau phase: During this stage, sexual arousal continues to build and become more intense, and the body prepares for orgasm. This can involve physical changes such as increased muscle tension and breathing rate, as well as psychological changes such as increased pleasure and excitement.
Orgasmic phase: This is the peak of the sexual response cycle, during which sexual arousal reaches its maximum and is released in a series of rhythmic contractions of the genital muscles. This can involve intense physical and psychological sensations, and is often accompanied by feelings of pleasure and release.
Resolution phase: After orgasm, the body gradually returns to its normal state, with physical and psychological arousal levels decreasing. This can involve physical changes such as decreased heart rate and muscle tension, as well as psychological changes such as feelings of relaxation and contentment.
It's important to note that not everyone experiences the sexual response cycle in exactly the same way, and that there is a lot of individual variation in terms of the length and intensity of each phase. Additionally, some people may experience sexual dysfunctions that can affect their ability to experience certain stages of the sexual response cycle.
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Compared to the coliforms and Proteus, the salmonellae and shigellae have well developed ___ ___ which allow them to be primary ____
virulence factors; pathogens
Compared to coliforms and Proteus, the salmonellae and shigellae have well-developed Type III secretion systems, which allow them to be primary pathogens by injecting virulence factors directly into host cells.
The Type III secretion system is a molecular syringe-like structure found in many gram-negative bacteria that plays a crucial role in bacterial pathogenesis.
Salmonella and Shigella use this system to deliver effector proteins into host cells that alter cell signaling pathways, disrupt cytoskeletal structures, and modulate host immune responses, leading to host cell damage and bacterial survival.
In contrast, coliforms and Proteus lack this sophisticated system, and their pathogenicity relies primarily on their ability to survive in the host's environment and compete with other bacteria.
The Type III secretion system is one of the key virulence factors that allow Salmonella and Shigella to cause severe and potentially fatal illnesses such as typhoid fever and dysentery.
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the carbon skeleton can vary in all of the following except __________.
The carbon skeleton can vary in terms of length, branching, position of double bonds, and presence of functional groups. However, it cannot vary in terms of the number of carbon atoms present.
The number of carbon atoms present in an organic molecule is determined by the number of covalent bonds formed by the carbon atoms. This is because the number of covalent bonds formed by a carbon atom is fixed at four, and thus, the number of carbon atoms in an organic molecule is fixed and cannot be changed.
In general, the carbon skeleton of an organic molecule is determined by the number of carbons present. This is because the number of carbons present in an organic molecule is the basis for the length, branching, position of double bonds, and presence of functional groups. Thus, the number of carbon atoms present in an organic molecule cannot be changed, and therefore, cannot be varied.
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Use the drop-down menus to identify each substance as an organic or inorganic compound.
ozone (O3):
methane (CH4 ):
aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3):
butane (C4H10):
carbon monoxide (CO):
Ozone (O₃), aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)₃) and carbon monoxide (CO) are inorganic compounds whereas methane (CH₄) and butane (C₄H₁₀) are the organic compounds.
Organic compounds are basically the molecules that happen to contain carbon atoms which are bonded to hydrogen atoms, and may also contain other elements including oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus. Organic compounds are generally associated with living organisms. Methane (CH₄) and Butane (C₄H₁₀) are organic compounds.
Ozone (O₃), aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)₃) and carbon monoxide (CO) are inorganic compounds which are the compounds 2hich do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds. Inorganic compounds can contain a number of different types of elements.
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Answer:
i
o
i
o
i
Explanation:
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suppose a mutation induces expression of the b-class gene in all four floral whorls. assuming a-class and c-class genes are expressed normally, what is the expected structure of the flower from the outside to the inside?
If a mutation induces expression of the B-class gene in all four floral whorls while A-class and C-class genes are expressed normally, the expected structure of the flower from the outside to the inside would be: petals (whorl 1), petals (whorl 2), stamens (whorl 3), and carpels (whorl 4).
The floral organ identity is determined by the ABC model, where A-class genes control sepals, A+B-class genes control petals, B+C-class genes control stamens, and C-class genes control carpels.
In this case, the mutation causes the B-class gene to be expressed in all whorls, which would alter the typical flower structure.
Hence, The mutated B-class gene expression in all four whorls would result in a flower with petals in the first two whorls, stamens in the third whorl, and carpels in the fourth whorl, assuming normal A-class and C-class gene expression.
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describe how the cell membrane is selective permeable and give four examples on how solutes are able to bypass the membrane.
The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is selectively permeable because it allows certain substances to pass through while restricting others. This selective permeability is essential for maintaining a stable internal environment within the cell and for regulating the exchange of materials between the cell and its surroundings. The cell membrane consists of a phospholipid bilayer, which provides a barrier that separates the interior of the cell from the external environment.
There are four primary ways in which solutes can bypass the cell membrane:
1. Simple diffusion: This is the passive movement of solutes from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Small, nonpolar molecules such as oxygen and carbon dioxide can easily pass through the lipid bilayer without any assistance.
2. Facilitated diffusion: Some solutes, such as ions and polar molecules, require the help of membrane proteins called carrier proteins or channel proteins. These proteins allow specific solutes to cross the membrane down their concentration gradient without requiring any energy input.
3. Active transport: This process involves the use of cellular energy, usually in the form of ATP, to move solutes against their concentration gradient. Membrane proteins called pumps facilitate active transport. One example is the sodium-potassium pump, which moves sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell.
4. Vesicular transport: Larger molecules or particles can bypass the cell membrane through vesicular transport, which involves the formation of vesicles. There are two types of vesicular transport: endocytosis (bringing materials into the cell) and exocytosis (expelling materials from the cell). During endocytosis, the cell membrane engulfs a substance, creating a vesicle that transports it into the cell. In exocytosis, a vesicle containing waste products or secretory molecules fuses with the cell membrane, releasing its contents outside the cell.
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Your classmate wants to talk to you about goats. It turns out that there is a company that has made genetically engineered goats that make the protein antithrombin in their milk. Normally, antithrombin in only made in the liver, and it goes into the blood and helps prevent blood clots. Some people can’t make antithrombin, so they are prone to large, sometimes deadly clots. The company collects the antithrombin from their goat’s milk and sells it as a drug, so that these patients can safely survive bloody procedures like surgeries and childbirth.
But your classmate is concerned about the goats. "All the cells of these goats have the company’s DNA for making the extra antithrombin. Think about all that extra antithrombin in their bodies- are they going to be able to make blood clots at all? It’s not right to create these sick animals."
You say, "It says that the goats only make the extra antithrombin in their milk."
Your classmate says, "I don’t believe that. How is it even possible to make the goats only make the antithrombin in their milk?"
Using the language of BILD 1, including promoter, enhancer, and transcription factor, explain to your classmate:
- How a piece of DNA could direct the protein to only be made in the milk, and
- What is different about the cells of the milk glands that causes antithrombin to be made there and not in the goat’s other cells?
The piece of DNA directing the antithrombin production in the milk of genetically engineered goats contains a milk-specific promoter.
Thus, a promoter is a region of DNA initiating the transcription of a gene and its translation into a protein. The milk-specific promoter is active only in the mammary gland cells of the goat and promotes the expression of gene encoding antithrombin only in those cells.
The specificity of the milk-specific promoter is because of presence of enhancer elements that bind to specific transcription factors in the mammary gland cells. However, the production of antithrombin in genetically engineered goats does not affect the ability of the goats to make blood clots.
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osmotic pressure resulting from presence of plasma proteins in blood is called ________ pressure.
Osmotic Pressure is the pressure that is exerted against a semipermeable membrane due to the presence of a solute. Osmotic Pressure resulting from the presence of plasma proteins in blood is referred to as Colloid Osmotic Pressure (COP).
COP is primarily driven by the presence of albumin, the most abundant plasma protein, in the blood. Albumin is an important component of the body’s fluid balance, as it helps to regulate the amount of water in the body. When albumin is present in the blood, it exerts an osmotic pressure that helps to maintain the blood volume.
The presence of albumin also helps to maintain the body’s pH balance, as it acts as a buffer, helping to prevent changes in pH. This is important in maintaining the body’s normal metabolic processes.
COP also plays an important role in the regulation of vascular permeability. It helps to prevent excessive fluid loss from the blood vessels and assists in the maintenance of normal blood pressure.
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All lymph is eventually returned to circulation via the __________.A. venae cavaeB. aortaC. subclavian veinsD. pulmonary trunk
All lymph is eventually returned to circulation via the a C. subclavian veins.
The lymphatic system is a network of vessels and tissues that helps to remove excess fluid, waste products, and foreign substances from the body.
Lymphatic vessels carry lymph, a clear fluid that contains white blood cells, throughout the body.
Eventually, lymph is returned to the bloodstream via the subclavian veins, which are located in the neck area. From there, the lymph is carried to the heart and then pumped to the rest of the body through the circulatory system.
The other options mentioned in the question - venae cavae, aorta, and pulmonary trunk - are not involved in the return of lymph to circulation.
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during adolescence, individuals' iq scores _____, whereas their mental abilities _____.
During adolescence, individuals' IQ scores remain stable, whereas their mental abilities increase.
As adolescents grow, their cognitive abilities undergo significant changes due to various factors such as brain development, hormonal changes, and environmental influences. While IQ scores represent a snapshot of an individual's intelligence at a given time, it is important to remember that they do not capture the full spectrum of mental abilities.
Mental abilities encompass a wide range of cognitive skills, including problem-solving, reasoning, memory, and creativity. Throughout adolescence, these skills continue to mature as the brain undergoes critical growth and reorganization. Neural connections strengthen, and the brain becomes more efficient in processing information. This development is influenced by the challenges and experiences that adolescents face in their daily lives, which helps to hone their mental abilities further.
In summary, during adolescence, IQ scores tend to stabilize, reflecting a relatively consistent measure of intelligence. However, mental abilities continue to evolve and mature as the brain undergoes significant developmental changes. This ongoing development allows adolescents to acquire a broader range of cognitive skills and adapt to the increasing demands of their environment.
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the target tissue(s) of somatic motor neurons is/are ________.
Somatic motor neurons target skeletal muscles to control voluntary movements.
Somatic motor neurons are responsible for controlling the voluntary movement of skeletal muscles.
These neurons originate in the motor cortex of the brain and travel through the spinal cord to the skeletal muscles they innervate.
The target tissue of somatic motor neurons is skeletal muscle, which they control to produce voluntary movements.
Somatic motor neurons are responsible for voluntary movement and control of the body by sending signals from the central nervous system to skeletal muscles, which contract or relax accordingly.
In summary, somatic motor neurons target skeletal muscles to control voluntary movements.
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if house flies from dairy 3 above often emigrated to dairies 1 and 2, essentially sustaining their populations for the summer months before fall and winter temperatures caused their extinction, the populations might be referred to as:
The populations of house flies in dairies 1 and 2 could be referred to as unsustainable. This is because their survival and growth depended on the migration of flies from dairy 3 above during the summer months.
Without this influx of flies, the populations in dairies 1 and 2 would not have been able to sustain themselves. However, with the onset of fall and winter temperatures, the house fly populations would eventually face extinction as their reproductive and survival rates decrease.
Therefore, the house fly populations in dairies 1 and 2 can be considered as fragile and dependent on external factors for their existence.
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which processes occur in an ecosystem? i. biomass increases in each successive trophic level. ii. inorganic nutrients are recycled. iii. chemical energy is stored in carbon compounds.
The processes that occur in an ecosystem include biomass increasing in each successive trophic level, inorganic nutrients being recycled, and chemical energy being stored in carbon compounds.
The processes that occur in an ecosystem include biomass increasing in each successive trophic level, inorganic nutrients being recycled, and chemical energy being stored in carbon compounds.
This means that organisms at higher trophic levels consume those at lower levels, resulting in an increase in biomass as energy is transferred. Inorganic nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, are cycled through the ecosystem as they are used by organisms and returned to the soil through decomposition.
Chemical energy is stored in carbon compounds, such as glucose, through photosynthesis and is used by organisms for energy.
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[Step 1]: Determine from the data (Table 1) whether IGF2 is maternally or paternally imprinted (silenced).
A. Maternal B. Paternal
[Step 2]: In Cross Number 4, what is the expected number of heterozygous (IGF2/Δigf2 ) progeny?
A. 0 B. 12.5 C. 25 D. 37.5 E. 50
[Step 3]: To show that the functional allele is reversibly switched by the passage through the germline of the opposite sex, DeChiara et al. also made intercrosses between heterozygous F1 females and heterozygous F1 males. Based on your determination of how the IGF2 gene is imprinted, determine the expected phenotypic ratio of the progeny from these crosses (Normal : Growth deficient).
A. All Normal B. 3:1 C. 1:1 D. 1:3 E. 1:2:1 F. All dwarf
Specifically, we would expect to see a 3:1 ratio of normal to growth-deficient offspring, with normal offspring inheriting the silenced paternal allele and growth-deficient offspring inheriting the active maternal allele. Therefore, the answer is B. 3:1.
Based on the data in Table 1, IGF2 is paternally imprinted (silenced).
For Cross Number 4, the expected number of heterozygous (IGF2/Δigf2) progeny can be calculated using the formula:
Expected number of heterozygous progeny = 2 x (proportion of IGF2/Δigf2 offspring) x (total number of offspring)
From Table 1, we can see that the proportion of IGF2/Δigf2 offspring in Cross Number 4 is 0.5. The total number of offspring is 50.
Therefore, expected number of heterozygous progeny = 2 x 0.5 x 50 = 25
For the intercrosses between heterozygous F1 females and heterozygous F1 males, the expected phenotypic ratio of the progeny will depend on whether the functional allele is maternally or paternally imprinted.
Since we have determined that IGF2 is paternally imprinted, the expected phenotypic ratio of the progeny will be biased towards the paternal allele.
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which one of the following is not a zoonosis? group of answer choices all of these are zoonoses. rabies cat-scratch disease hantavirus pulmonary syndrome tapeworm
Tapeworm is not a zoonosis.
A zoonosis is a disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Rabies, cat-scratch disease, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome are all zoonoses as they are transmitted from animals to humans.
Zoonoses are diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans, and each of these diseases fits that description. Rabies is transmitted through the bite of an infected animal, cat-scratch disease is caused by bacteria transmitted through a cat's scratch or bite, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is contracted through contact with infected rodents or their droppings, and tapeworm infections occur when humans consume undercooked meat containing tapeworm larvae.
However, tapeworm is not a zoonosis as it is not transmitted from animals to humans, but rather humans can get tapeworms by ingesting contaminated food or water.
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e naturalistic hypothesis for its value in explaining the origins of new structures like the flight feather?
The naturalistic hypothesis is valuable in explaining the origins of new structures like the flight feather, but it has limitations and gaps in understanding.
The naturalistic hypothesis proposes that new structures, such as the flight feather, evolve gradually through natural selection acting on small variations over long periods of time. This hypothesis is supported by evidence from the fossil record and comparative anatomy, which demonstrate a gradual transition from non-flight feathers to the specialized feathers of modern birds.
Furthermore, genetic studies have shown that the development of feathers involves the expression of a complex set of genes that are shared by all vertebrates. This suggests that the genetic toolkit for feather development was present in the common ancestor of birds and reptiles and that natural selection acted on this toolkit to produce the diverse range of feather types seen today.
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The question is -
Evaluate the naturalistic hypothesis for its value in explaining the origins of new structures like the flight feather.
5). The students investigate where these crabs are found at low tide.
They choose 8 rocks pools in each part of the rocky shore. They count the number of crabs in each pool.
The lower shore is closer to the sea.
Middle shore
3
Lower shore
2
Upper shore
1
Look at the number of crabs found at each part of the shore.
Using the evidence from the table write down the best part of the shore for the crabs.
There are more crabs in one part of the shore than the other parts. Suggest a reason why.
According to the information in the table, the lower shore, where the students discovered two crabs in each rock pool, appears to be the best area of shore for crabs. The average number of crabs per pool on the lower and middle shores was 3 and 1, respectively.
The fact that the low-lying coastline often experiences more time under water during each tidal cycle than the high coast is a possible explanation for this trend. This suggests that the lower beach may provide crabs with more food and resources, allowing them to grow and reproduce more successfully. The lower beach may provide more cover and protection from predators, which may possibly be a factor in the higher concentration of crabs there.
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what is the climax in anne frank's diary, only using her diary and not when they got captured by the nazis?
The climax in Anne Frank's diary is the discovery of the group's hiding place and subsequent betrayal to the Nazis.
Anne Frank's diary chronicles her experiences while hiding with her family and several others in a secret annex above her father's business in Amsterdam during the Holocaust. The diary documents the daily struggles, emotions, and relationships of the group during their two years in hiding.
The climax of the diary occurs when the group is discovered by the Nazis on August 4, 1944. They are betrayed by an unknown informant and arrested, marking the end of their time in hiding. This event is the culmination of the tension and fear that had been building throughout the diary, as the group had been living in constant danger of discovery and capture.
While the diary does not cover the period of time after the group's capture, it is widely known that Anne and her sister Margot died in a concentration camp, while their mother died in Auschwitz. The discovery of the group's hiding place and subsequent betrayal is a pivotal moment in the narrative of Anne Frank's diary, representing the extreme danger and tragedy faced by Jews during the Holocaust.
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