Answer:
As we move into the new millennium it is becoming increasingly clear that the biomedical sciences are entering the most exciting phase of their development. Paradoxically, medical practice is also passing through a phase of increasing uncertainty, in both industrial and developing countries. Industrial countries have not been able to solve the problem of the spiraling costs of health care resulting from technological development, public expectations, and—in particular—the rapidly increasing size of their elderly populations. The people of many developing countries are still living in dire poverty with dysfunctional health care systems and extremely limited access to basic medical care.
Against this complex background, this chapter examines the role of science and technology for disease control in the past and present and assesses the potential of the remarkable developments in the basic biomedical sciences for global health care.
Go to:
Medicine Before the 20th Century
From the earliest documentary evidence surviving from the ancient civilizations of Babylonia, China, Egypt, and India, it is clear that longevity, disease, and death are among humanity's oldest preoccupations. From ancient times to the Renaissance, knowledge of the living world changed little, the distinction between animate and inanimate objects was blurred, and speculations about living things were based on prevailing ideas about the nature of matter.
Advances in science and philosophy throughout the 16th and 17th centuries led to equally momentous changes in medical sciences. The elegant anatomical dissections of Andreas Vesalius swept away centuries of misconceptions about the relationship between structure and function of the human body; the work of Isaac Newton, Robert Boyle, and Robert Hooke disposed of the basic Aristotelian elements of earth, air, fire, and water; and Hooke, through his development of the microscope, showed a hitherto invisible world to explore. In 1628, William Harvey described the circulation of the blood, a discovery that, because it was based on careful experiments and measurement, signaled the beginnings of modern scientific medicine.
After steady progress during the 18th century, the biological and medical sciences began to advance at a remarkable rate during the 19th century, which saw the genuine beginnings of modern scientific medicine. Charles Darwin changed the whole course of biological thinking, and Gregor Mendel laid the ground for the new science of genetics, which was used later to describe how Darwinian evolution came about. Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch founded modern microbiology, and Claude Bernard and his followers enunciated the seminal principle of the constancy of the internal environment of the body, a notion that profoundly influenced the development of physiology and biochemistry. With the birth of cell theory, modern pathology was established. These advances in the biological sciences were accompanied by practical developments at the bedside, including the invention of the stethoscope and an instrument for measuring blood pressure, the first use of x-rays, the development of anesthesia, and early attempts at the classification of psychiatric disease as well as a more humane approach to its management. The early development of the use of statistics for analyzing data obtained in medical practice also occurred in the 19th century, and the slow evolution of public health and preventive medicine began.
Significant advances in public health occurred on both sides of the Atlantic. After the cholera epidemics of the mid 19th century, public health boards were established in many European and American cities. The Public Health Act, passed in the United Kingdom in 1848, provided for the improvement of streets, construction of drains and sewers, collection of refuse, and procurement of clean domestic water supplies. Equally important, the first attempts were made to record basic health statistics. For example, the first recorded figures for the United States showed that life expectancy at birth for those who lived in Massachusetts in 1870 was 43 years; the number of deaths per 1,000 live births in the same population was 188. At the same time, because it was becoming increasingly clear that communicable diseases were greatly depleting the workforce required to generate the potential rewards of colonization, considerable efforts were channeled into controlling infectious diseases, particularly hookworm and malaria, in many countries under colonial domination.
Explanation:
The political significance of the Great Compromise and the Three-Fifths Compromise was to Group of answer choices transfer power from the Senate majority leader to the vice president. exacerbate tensions between the New England merchants and the southern planters. reinforce the unity of the New England merchants and the southern planters. increase public support for the establishment of a national bank.
The political importance of the Great Compromise and the Three-Fifths Compromise was to "reinforce the unity of the New England merchants and the southern planters."
This is evident in the fact that the Great Compromise and the Three-Fifths Compromise solved the issue of slave population and representation in Congress among the American States.
The Great Compromise solved the issue of differences in States' population towards their representation in Congress.
On the other hand, Three-Fifths Compromise solved the issue of slaves being counted as part of the population.
It was concluded that a 3 out of 5 slaves population would be counted.
Hence, in this case, the correct answer is option C "reinforce the unity of the New England merchants and the southern planters."
Learn more here: https://brainly.com/question/5172111
Definición de “ostracismo*
Answer:
en la grecia antigua,destierro a que se condenaba a los ciudadanos o peligrosos para la quuidad
How tall is John the Baptist?
in the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, do you think the Puritans were rational in their fears of witchcraft? Why or why not? How could they have avoided this incident? HURRY
Answer:
im vv late but
Explanation: Puritans were true believers in both God and the Devil. They believed that all humans were in a constant struggle between the powers of good and evil. 11. They believed that Satan would select the “weakest” individuals (women, children, and the elderly) to carry out his evil work.
People supported killing those who were different. Many people in Puritanical Salem Massachusetts died because they were different, and the Puritans were afraid they could not control them easily. Many people in Puritanical Salem did not conform to the societal beliefs and ended up losing their lives as a result.
The Salem Witch Trials of 1692 were caused due to an economical drought in Salem Village. When the economy went down in Salem Village people lost copious amounts of their farmland, which then angered the citizens because their taxes went to Salem Town.
muhammad I am poem 
WILL MARK BRAINLIEST!!!!
Read the Declaration of Rights from the 1842 Choctaw Constitution. Then answer the questions that follow.
Sec. 1. All free men, when they form a Social Compact, are equal in rights; and no man or set of men are entitled to exclusive separate public emoluments or privileges but in consideration of public service.
Sec. 2. All political power is inherent in the people, and free governments are founded on their authority, and instituted for their benefit; and, therefore they have at all times an unalienable and indefeasible right to alter, reform or abolish their form of government, in such manner as they think expedient.
Sec. 3. There shall be no establishment of religion by law. No preference shall ever be given by law to any religious sect, society, denomination or mode of worship, and no religious test shall be required as a qualification to any public trusts under this government.
Sec. 4. No human authority ought in any case whatever to control or interfere with the right of conscience.
Sec. 5. No person shall for the same offence be twice put in jeopardy of life or limbs, nor shall any person’s property be taken or applied to public use, unless just compensation be made therefor.
Sec. 6. No title of nobility, or hereditary distinction, privileges, honor or emoluments shall ever be granted or conferred under this government, nor shall an office be created, the appointment of which shall be for a longer time than during good behavior.
Sec. 7. The right by trial by jury shall remain inviolate.
Sec. 8. Every citizen has a right to bear arms in defence of himself and his country.
What do you think is the main purpose of the Declaration of Rights?
Main purpose of the Declaration of Rights:
To explain the colonists' right to revolution and proclaim the inherent rights of men, including the right to reform or abolish "inadequate" government also it outlined the rights and freedoms everyone is entitled to.
Hope this helped you- have a good day bro cya)
¿por qué existirán los trabajadores fronterizos?
LO NECESITO PARA AHORITA PORFA
Answer:
Explanation:Un trabajador fronterizo es una persona que vive en un país o estado miembro de la UE, pero que viaja para trabajar regularmente en un país o estado miembro diferente.
What Were The Major Beliefs of The Catholic Church?
The chief teachings of the Catholic church are: God's objective existence; God's interest in individual human beings, who can enter into relations with God (through prayer); the Trinity; the divinity of Jesus; the immortality of the soul of each human being, each one being accountable at death for his or her actions in
Hope this helps you
what clause expands the power of the federal government?
A: Necessary And Proper Clause
B: Direct Clause
C: Supremacy Clause
D: Monarchy Clause
Answer:
C: Supremacy Clause
Explanation:
The supremacy clause is a part of the constitution. It was an idea supported by the federalists, led by Hamilton. The Federalists were on the side of the federal government and believed that it should have more power. So, the supremacy clause was made which stated that federal laws overruled any state laws. This meant that if a state law contradicted a federal law then it would have to be removed.
Please helpppppp
Which quotations show Napoleon's opposition to
freedom of the press? Check all that apply.
"Repress the journals a little."
"The...revolution is over."
"There is now only one party in France."
I shall never allow the newspapers to say anything
contrary to my interests."
"They may publish a few little articles."
2,
e,
05
Answer: "Repress the journals a little."
"Repress the journals a little."
Explanation:
do ti
who is in charge of enforcing the pendleton act of 1883?
Can someone please tell me the conflict of the third amendment :P
Answer:
No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
Explanation:
Explain how Renaissance art represented the concepts of time, money and power. Be sure to evaluate if the art represented a
positive or negative factor
Answer:
In addition to its expression of classical Greco-Roman traditions, Renaissance art sought to capture the experience of the individual and the beauty and mystery of the natural world.
2. Under the Constitution, who has the most power in the United States?
Answer:
Explanation:
The Constitution specifically grants Congress its most important power — the authority to make laws. A bill, or proposed law, only becomes a law after both the House of Representatives and the Senate have approved it in the same form.
Question 4 (2 points)
A pamphlet is considered to be one of the earliest forms of
O religious literature
O protest literature
America's first dramatic literature
an Appeal to Authority/A Credible Source (Ethos)
A pamphlet is considered to be one of the earliest forms of _religious literature_.
✍️ By Benjemin ☺️
Someone pls help me with this pls I will make you brain
Answer:
It’s C
Explanation:
Took the test
What was the United States claim to the organ territory based on
Answer:
The U.S. claim was based on the explorations of Lewis and Clark and on the establishment of trading posts set up by John Jacob Astor's Pacific Fur Company, such as Astoria at the mouth of the Columbia River. Great Britain based its claim, in part, on James Cook's exploration of the Columbia River.
Explanation:
What are the 5 pillars of Islam?
Answer:
The five pillars of Islam are Shahada, Salah, Zakat, Sawm, and Hajj.
Explanation:
Cómo se comparan nuestros Juegos Olímpicos modernos con los Juegos Olímpicos de la Antigua Grecia?
Answer:
We do not understand whatever language that is
Explanation:
I am good too and I'm afraid of my daughters play games with me lol and you are really good morning hon and you can do it too much yan and
Who is known as the “Father of the Military Academy?” Why does he have this nickname?
Answer: Sylvanus Thayer
Explanation:
He had a big influence on education. He influenced what the soldiers were learning and how it was taught through out his carre
The Constitution created a __________.
A. confederal system of government that grants fewer powers to the national government than the Articles of Confederation
B. federal system of government that grants fewer powers to the national government than the Articles of Confederation
C.confederal system of government that divides powers between the states and the national government
D. federal system of government that divides powers between the states and the national government
E. unitary system of government that divides powers between the states and the national government
Answer:
D. federal system of government that divides powers between the states and the national government
Explanation:
The Constitution created a federal system of government that divides powers between the states and the national government.
What events during the Neoclassical period most likely contributed to the enslavement of Olaudah Equiano? Select all answers that apply.
A. The death of Queen Elizabeth
B. A contract to provide slaves to the Spanish Empire
C. The expansion of the British Empire
D. The establishment of the British Navy
Answer:
A contract to provide slaves to the Spanish empire
The expansion of the British Empire
Explanation:
Explanation : PLATO
A contract to provide slaves to the Spanish empire and The expansion of the British Empire were the events during the Neoclassical period most likely contributed to the enslavement of Olaudah Equiano. Hence, options B and C are correct.
What is Neoclassical period?Neoclassical art, also known as Neoclassicism and Classicism, was a prominent and prevalent movement in the visual arts that began in the 1760s, peaked in the 1780s and '90s, and persisted into the 1840s and '50s.
Neoclassical architecture is characterized by grand size, simplicity of geometric forms, Greek especially Dori or Roman detail, dramatic use of columns, and a tendency for blank walls. The excesses of the Rococo style gave way to the new movement toward vintage simplicity.
The writers of the neoclassical era went back to the ideals and aesthetics of the ancient era, emphasizing more than their Renaissance counterparts the classical ideas of order and logical control.
Thus, options B and C are correct.
For more details about Neoclassical period, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/28374872
#SPJ2
Would you have joined captain Daniel shays and his followers?
Answer:
no bro thank you i wont join to them
How many years passed from the time Virginia was settled until the pilgrims reached Plymouth rock
Answer:
It was 13 years
Explanation:
The Treaty of Paris in 1763
Explain the social hierarchy in Latin America before the Revolution. Include and describe each of the groups and their respective powers or roles. How could this system alone lead to Revolution? What Actions taken by Napoleon inflamed this situation and why?
The social hierarchy in Latin America before the Revolution was based in the casta system, which imposed racial segregation based on ethnic background.
The society was divided into the following castas:
Peninsulares, who were Spaniards born in Europe, and held administrative positions in the colony. They made up less than 1 percent of the population but had the most power. Criollos, who were persons of ethnic Spanish descent, but they were born in America. They were the most prosperous economically, but the political top positions were not reserved for them. Peninsulares and criollos were by law the only groups allowed to ride horses, wear silk clothes, and enjoyed many other privileges. Below the criollos were the mixing groups. The law contained no less than sixteen different racial mixtures, with the main groups being mestizos (white + indian), mulattos (white + black) and zambos (black + indian). Their duties were equal to those of the criollos, but they had fewer rights. The fourth and largest group were the Indians. These were one step higher than slaves and were formally protected by the crown and church, but in practice the living conditions were very bad. At the very bottom of the ladder were the slaves, who were brought in from Africa. They had to work in appalling conditions on estates or in mines.However, this racial and ethnic situation did not have direct consequences in relation to the Latin American independence revolutions, as they were revolutions carried out mainly by the Criollos, who sought to gain greater power in their societies.
Learn more in https://brainly.com/question/496958
Guys help with this question is due tomorrow
(It’s homework )
Help me fill in the chart please
And there’s the text
Answer:
c
Explanation:
it help you with things like maps gloves and globes and all that you would love it
Leading up to the American Revolution, economic and political problems between the colonists and Great Britain were on the rise. Choose THREE examples of colonists' motivations for declaring independence from Great Britain.
Answer:
A, C, E
Explanation:
i have the same one lol
The main reason for the American revolution to take place where many. The major three incidents which led to the tension among the Colonists and Imperialist Great Britain were the colonists wanting liberation and Independence of their land from the English masses. The Sugar Act imposed also being imposed by the Colonialists.
What is known as the American Revolution?The American revolution is one of the events which has become a watershed in the history of the United States. The American revolution took place because of the advent of the 13 colonies who never wanted British rule over the American Country.
The American Revolution was against the attrocities which were committed by the Americans from 1765-1783. The Revolution started because of the increase in the taxes which was being levied upon the American people by the Colonialists.
American Revolution also started because of the huge amount of slavery that was not being liked by the Southern States and its colonies. The American Revolution started at the advent of the Tea Party which was infamously known as the Boston Tea party.
Learn more about the American Revolution here:
https://brainly.com/question/9053584
#SPJ2
Do you think Lum May's statement is a credible source about the events of
November 3, 1885, in Tacoma? Explain why or why not.
According to the contents of the statement, Lum May's position can be considered as credible.
Why should Lum's Statement be Considered Credible?In the statement, Lum quoted Army General and other notable personalities such as General Sprague. He is also quoted as having made refenced to an incident that at least 1000 people witnessed.
This means that the statement is verifiable.
Another evidence of the authenticity of the statement is that it was accepted by the Department of State, under the National Archives and Records Administration. Hence, the authenticity of credibility of his assertions.
What is a credible source?A reputable source is free of bias and supported by evidence. It was authored by a reliable author or group. There are several sources available, and it might be difficult to determine what is reliable and what isn't at first look. Evaluating the reliability of sources is a critical information literacy skill.
Learn more about Credible Sources:
https://brainly.com/question/24266723
#SPJ1
Answer: i also need the answer
Explanation:
i need some milk or what you can help
Question 2 of 11
Based on the timeline, which World War I event took place last?
World War I Timeline
Archduke
Franz
Ferdinand is
assassinated
The world
erupts in
war.
A
German
U-boat
sinks the
Lusitania.
Antiwar
demonstrations
take place in
Germany.
The United
States enters
the war.
Germany
surrenders,
and the war
ends.
June
1914
August
1914
May
1915
May
1916
April
1917
November
1918
A. The archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated.
B. Antiwar demonstrations take place in Germany.
C. The Lusitania is sunk.
D. The United States enters the war.
Answer:
The answer is D
Explanation:
On the timeline D is the second to last option and one of the options you can choose from.