A bacterial cell produces human insulin because human DNA has been added to the bacterial DNA is an example of genetic engineering.
What do you mean by genetic engineering?Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the modification and manipulation of an organism's genes using technology.
For example, genetic engineering may involve adding a gene from one species to an organism from a different species to produce a desired trait. Used in research and industry, genetic engineering has been applied to the production of cancer therapies.
Genetic engineering is accomplished in three basic steps. These are (1) The isolation of DNA fragments from a donor organism; (2) The insertion of an isolated donor DNA fragment into a vector genome and (3) The growth of a recombinant vector in an appropriate host.
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What effect do glass panels have on the infrared photons ?
Answer: The glass pane absorbs and re-radiates all of the infrared photons. The glass pane absorbs all invisible photons as well as visible photons. The glass pane transmits all invisible photons as well as visible photons.
There are huge numbers of synapses in the spinal cord and the brain. Explain why this is so. Please help
Answer:
the central nervous system uses these synapses to transfers electrical impulses to the brain through the spinal cord.
Explanation:
For example a stimulus such as bright light is detected by receptor cells, this sends electrical impulses through the sensory neurons and passes them through synapses to relay neurons. The gap between these neurons are called synapses which use neurotransmitters (chemicals) to send the impulse over the gap. Lots of these synapses are in the spinal cord and brain so that more of these impulses can be received and therefore a motor neuron can send an impulse to an effector so a response can be issued, for this example the response would be closing the eyes so that the bright light doesn't damage the eyes- this is an example of a reflex action.
Sorry if this doesn't make sense or I've explained it wrong! I hope I've helped in the slightest!
There are huge number of synapses in the spinal cord and the brain as these synapses are used by the central nervous system to send electrical impulses to the brain via the spinal cord.
Why there are so much synapses in brain and spinal cord?To illustrate, when a stimulus like as strong light is received by receptor cells, electrical impulses are sent by sensory neurons and sent across synapses to relay neurons. Synapses are the gaps between these neurons that employ neurotransmitters (chemicals) to transfer the impulse across the gap. A lot of these synapses are in the spinal cord and brain so that more of these impulses can be received and thus a motor neuron can send an impulse to an effector so that a response can be issued, for example, closing the eyes so that the bright light does not damage the eyes- this is an example of a reflex action.
As a conclusion, as synapses are employed by the central nervous system to transfer electrical impulses to the brain via the spinal cord, we may assume that there are a large number of synapses in the spinal cord and brain.
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Owls Are Being Tort ured, Kil led at Johns Hopkins for ADHD ‘Research’
Please spread this! This is ANIMAL AB USE. not "research." Please spread the message!
This is not a question.
I need the answer asap
Answer: lysosome
Explanation: Tay sach's disease impairs the functions of the lysosomal enzymes and causes the build up of GM2 ganglioside.
Tay sach's disease can also be called lysosomal disease due to the impairment it the lysosomal enzymes.
Each of the following would cause an increase in blood pressure except __________.
a. increase in aldosterone
b. increase in peripheral resistance
c. an inhibitor of angiotensin II
d. increase in blood volume
Each of the following would cause an increase in blood pressure except inhibitor of angiotensin II. So option c is correct.
Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor, which means it causes the walls of the arteries to narrow, leading to an increase in blood pressure. Inhibitors of this hormone, such as ACE inhibitors and ARBs, work by blocking its action and preventing it from constricting the arteries, leading to a decrease in blood pressure.
Blood pressure is a measure of the amount of force exerted against the walls of the arteries as blood flows through them. It is an important indicator of cardiovascular health as it can affect the function of various organs in the body. The most common causes of an increase in blood pressure include an increase in aldosterone, increase in peripheral resistance, inhibition of angiotensin II, and increase in blood volume.
One of the factors that would cause an increase in blood pressure is an increase in aldosterone. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that helps regulate the balance of fluids in the body. It acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and the excretion of potassium. This causes an increase in blood volume, which in turn leads to an increase in blood pressure, specifically in the systolic pressure.
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-how does hyperventilation decrease the respiratory rate
Hyperventilation decreases the respiratory rate by decreasing the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood, which leads to a decrease in the drive to breathe.
What is respiratory rate?The number of breaths you take each minute is referred to as your respiratory rate. Adults typically breathe 12 to 20 times per minute while at rest. When resting, an abnormal respiration rate is one that is less than 12 or greater than 25 breaths per minute.
Hyperventilation leads to a decrease in the drive to breathe. This is because the primary stimulus for breathing is the buildup of carbon dioxide in the body. When carbon dioxide levels drop, the body's natural drive to breathe also decreases, resulting in a slower respiratory rate.
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The graph below shows the English sparrow population in an area over several years. In 1988, a
large shopping mall was built in the area where the sparrows lived.
According to the information in the graph, how did this affect the sparrow population over a period
of time?
a. The population increased because humans fed the sparrows.
b. The sparrow population was unaffected by the shopping mall.
c. The population increased because predators were removed.
d. The sparrow population decreased because of habitat destruction.
Answer: d. The sparrow population decreased because of habitat destruction.
Explanation:
You included no graph but this should be the correct answer.
Habitat loss is one of the leading ways that an animal can go extinct. This happens because the animal has to go to other habitats which might be too dangerous or they eat less because food is not as available as it was in the previous habitat. Habitat loss therefore reduces the population of animals.
This will be no different for the sparrow population here. The large shopping mall has taken the land of the sparrow and now the sparrows will see their numbers decline as time goes on due to a lack of habitat.
HELP I NEED HELP ASAP HELP I NEED HELP ASAP HELP I NEED HELP ASAP HELP I NEED HELP ASAP
Which cross section best shows the formation of sedimentary rock?
Answer:
Option 1
Explanation:
The way the layers stack on each other is a obvious example of sedimentary rock.The sediments form layers on top of each other over time that hardens into rock creating layers. Geologists use these layers to determine how old something is or what time period a fossil was from. The sediments form layers on top of each other over time that hardens into rock creating layers.
As countries run out of their own fossil fuel reserves, they will have to purchase and export fossil fuels from other countries. Why is this an unlikely scenario?
O Countries that need more fuel don't export it.
O Countries don't need to purchase fossil fuels
O Countries will not run out of fossil fuels.
O Countries don't export fossil fuels.
Countries don't export fossil fuels. This is an unlikely scenario because most countries use their own fossil fuel reserves rather than exporting them.
What is fossil fuels?Fossil fuels are organic substances sourced from ancient remains of plants and animals that have been transformed over millions of years by the process of heat and pressure. Common examples are coal, oil, and natural gas, which are primarily used to generate electricity, heat homes, and power vehicles. Fossil fuels are non-renewable and are a finite resource, meaning they will eventually be depleted. Burning fossil fuels also releases large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change. As a result, many countries are working to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels and transition to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower.
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What is the sin of sex before marriage called?
The sin of sexual activity before marriage is often referred to as "fornication."
This term is used in many religious traditions, including Christianity and Islam, to refer to sexual activity between two individuals who are not married to each other.
Some other traditions may use different terms to describe this behavior, such as "premarital sex" or "adultery." It's worth noting that the concept of what constitutes a sin or immoral behavior around sexuality and sexual behavior can vary greatly across different religious and cultural traditions and belief systems.
It is important to note that this concept is based on religious and moral beliefs, and some people may have different views on it.
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What is significant about the hoatzin?
Answer:
Hoatzin, (Opisthocomus hoazin), primitive chicken-sized bird of South American swamps, principally in the Amazon and Orinoco river basins. ... The hoatzin is the only bird with a digestive system that ferments vegetation as a cow does, which enables it to eat leaves and buds exclusively.
Explanation:
I hope this helps :)
PLEASE HELP!!! Iodine 131 has a half-life of about 8 days. How long will it take for the radiation of the isotope to go from 100 g to 12.5 g?
Answer:
After four half lives or 32 years, only 12.5 grams will be left.
Hope it helps :)
An investigator wishes to use animals in an experiment that involves category B, C, and D activities performed on the same animal. How should the animal be categorized?A. Categories B, C, and D. B. Category B. C. Category C. D. Category D
When doing activities that fall under USDA pain categories B, C, or D on the same animal, the animals utilized in the experiment should be placed in USDA category D.
The level of pain that an animal employed in testing and research may experience is categorized using the USDA pain categories. These are the categories:
USDA B: The animal won't experience any type of suffering.
USDA C: The animal may experience sporadic little pain.
USDA D: Excruciating processes that medication will lessen.
USDA E: Excruciating processes that cannot be eased.
According to Category B, the animal won't experience pain. These animals are frequently utilized for breeding, which is a natural procedure that doesn't harm the animals.
In contrast to animals in category E, animals in category D undergo unpleasant or stressful operations and are given anaesthetics and other pharmacological agents to lessen or totally relieve the discomfort.
There is a rigid rule for these categories. Because the experiment will include USDA B, C, and D procedures, the animals must be classified according to the USDA category that will involve the most painful technique.
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The _____ of the respiratory system consists of a series of interconnecting cavities and tubes both outside and within the lungs that filter, warm, and moisten air and conduct air into the lungs.
The conducting zone of the respiratory system is a series of interconnected cavities and tubes outside and inside the lungs that filter, warm, humidify, and direct air to the lungs.
The respiratory system functionally he can be divided into two zones. The conducting zone (nose to bronchioles) provides the conduction pathway for inspired gases and the respiratory zone (alveolar ducts to alveoli) where gas exchange takes place.
The conducting zone consists of all structures that allow airways to enter and exit the lungs.
Nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and most bronchioli. The conducting zone, which includes everything from the nose to the smallest bronchiole, allows air to enter and exit the lungs. The respiratory zone includes respiratory bronchioles and alveoli, which move breathing gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide, into and out of the blood.
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Is a bicameral legislature made up of four bodies?
A bicameral system describes a government that has a two-house legislative system, such as the House of Representatives and the Senate.
A bicameral legislature is a type of legislature that is composed of two independent legislatures, chambers, or houses. Unicameralism, in which all members discuss and vote as a single body, is distinct from bicameralism. By 2022, only around 60% of national legislatures will be unicameral, compared to about 40% of bicameral legislatures.
The techniques used to elect or choose the members of the two chambers sometimes varied from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. This frequently results in the membership of the two chambers being significantly different.
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How did ants and butterflies get advantage of each other?
Answer:
As lagartas das espécies de
borboletas investigadas pelo biólogo
Lucas Kaminski, em sua pesquisa de
doutorado, possuem glândulas que
produzem uma substância doce, das
quais as formigas se beneficiam. De
contrapartida, numa relação mutualística, as borboletas têm suas “filhas”
(as lagartas) protegidas contra ataques
de outros inimigos naturais e podem
se alimentar das plantas ocupadas
pelas formigas sem correr risco de
serem atacadas. O coorientador Paulo
Oliveira, especialista em ecologia
comportamental de insetos, explica
que as borboletas geralmente não
têm como lutar contra outros herbívoros, então, no caso dessas famílias,
as formigas acabam atuando como
guardiãs das larvas. “Ninguém chega
perto para fazer mal às larvas, pois
as formigas são agressivas e agem
como guarda-costas das lagartas”,
explica Oliveira. A tese de doutorado
está inserida dentro de uma linha de
pesquisa consolidada na Unicamp,
que aborda a interface da interação
entre plantas, formigas e herbívoros
no cerrado, coordenado por Oliveira.
O processo de seleção natural foi
observado por Kaminski quando,
após 25 dias de acompanhamento e
monitoramento do comportamento
de borboletas da espécie Parrhasius
polibetes, ele constatou que para tais
espécies a presença das formigas é
mais importante que a das plantas para
ovopositar, a fim de garantir a sobrevivência de sua prole. “O momento
mais importante na história evolutiva
dessas borboletas é colocar os ovos
onde suas larvas possam sobreviver”, explica Kaminski. De maneira
simples, Oliveira explica: “Sua prole
vai sobreviver aos ataques de outros
predadores e ainda vai ter do que se
alimentar. Elas serão avós porque as
larvas chegarão seguras à fase adulta e
os genes podem se perpetuar graças à
relação mutualística com as formigas”.
Oliveira lembra que formiga é o
bicho mais abundante da Terra. Se
for feito um quadrado na floresta
Amazônica de 100x100 metros,
serão encontradas 8 milhões de formigas no solo, segundo o biólogo.
Se pensar que todas elas, agressivas
como são, sobem em folhas para se
alimentar, isso é um problema grande para o indivíduo herbívoro. “O
principal dilema para os herbívoros
é não ser atacado por formigas na
hora de se alimentar”, acrescenta.
A relação amistosa das formigas
com outros insetos mutualistas já tinha
sido comprovada em estudos anteriores, que também foram importantes na
tese para constatar que as borboletas
exploram outras associações. É o caso
das cigarrinhas Guayaquila, parentes
dos pulgões, que também liberam
substâncias açucaradas importantes
para as formigas. O pesquisador observou que essas cigarrinhas também
servem como referência para as borboletas na hora de escolher os ramos
de Schefflera, planta tradicional do
Brasil, para colocar ovos. “Além de
localizar as formigas, elas conseguem
identificar essas cigarrinhas, pois sabem que ali suas larvas também estarão protegidas”, acrescenta Kaminski.
A descoberta de Kaminski é importante para compreender a história
evolutiva dessas famílias de borboletas, mas também para ampliar os estudos sobre outras interações da biodi versidade
Explanation:
Answer:
Lycaenid butterflies and ants are representative examples of mutualism, in which different species benefit from the activities of the other.
Explanation:
What is the mechanism or reason behind the ant association with butterfly larvae? ... Both of they got the benefit from each other, Larvae got protection and in reverse ants got food (Sugary substance secreted from 7-8 segment of body) from the larval body.
Some simpler animals lack what type of embryonic tissue?
When an endospore germinates, it gives rise to two daughter cells called vegetative cells.
true/false
When an endospore germinates, it creates two daughter cells that are referred to as vegetative cells. Members of the genera Streptomyces are essential to the environment because of their capacity to break down a range of chemicals.
What does "germination" actually mean?Germination is the action of seeds developing into new plants. First, the environment must support the seeds growing into new things. Usually, factors like the seed's depth, the water's accessibility, and the temperature all affect this.
What really is seed germination in biology?An embryonic axis (usually the radicle) emerges from the seed coat at the end of a series of events that begin with hydration and constitute the process of seed germination.
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A farm worker accidentally was splashed with a powerful insecticide. A few minutes later he went into convulsions, stopped breathing, and died. The insecticide acted as a competitive inhibitor of an enzyme important in the function of the nervous system. Describe the structural relationship between the enzyme, its substrate, and the insecticide molecule.
The enzyme is made up of a protein structure and binds to its substrate, which is often a specific molecule that is necessary for the enzyme’s function. The insecticide molecule is similar in structure to the substrate, but is much more powerful.
The insecticide molecule is a competitive inhibitor, meaning that it binds to the same site on the enzyme as the substrate does, preventing the substrate from binding to the enzyme and, in turn, preventing the enzyme from catalyzing its reaction.
The structure of the enzyme-substrate complex and the insecticide-enzyme complex are similar, with the insecticide molecule fitting into the active site of the enzyme, forming a strong bond with the enzyme and preventing the substrate from binding to its active site. The insecticide molecule has a higher affinity for the enzyme than the substrate, which is why it is able to block the enzyme from catalyzing its reaction and, ultimately, cause the death of the farm worker.
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you will think/search about different cultural practices in other country/place based on the given element.
• BELIEFS
•AESTHETIC
•EDUCATION
• RELIGION
• MATERIAL CULTURE
EXAMPLE: BELIEFS - spitting is a way of saying hello of Maasai tribe in Kenya.
BELIEFS: In Japan, it is believed that folding 1000 paper cranes can grant a person a wish.
• AESTHETIC: In the Himba tribe of Namibia, women cover their skin with a mixture of butterfat and ochre to enhance their beauty and protect their skin from the sun.
• EDUCATION: In some parts of India, the Guru-shishya tradition is still practiced, where a student lives with and learns from a Guru (teacher) in a specific field, such as music or martial arts.
• RELIGION: In Bali, Indonesia, daily offerings and prayers are made to the gods and ancestors, often including small intricate woven baskets filled with rice, flowers, and other items.
• MATERIAL CULTURE: In the Inuit community of the Arctic, igloos were traditionally made as temporary shelters out of snow and ice blocks.
What is the cultural practices?Culture in the above sense refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a group or society. It encompasses various aspects of human society, including beliefs and traditions, language, religion, art and aesthetics, education, and material culture.
Culture can be defined as a way of life of a particular group of people and is passed down from generation to generation through socialization.
In the examples provided above, different cultural practices are discussed in relation to the given elements such as beliefs, aesthetic, education, religion and material culture. For example, the practice of folding 1000 paper cranes in Japan is a cultural belief that is passed down through generations.
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in a controlled experiment, which group expericences the test
answer: In a controlled experiment, the study population is often divided into two groups. One group receives a change in a certain variable, while the other group receives a standard environment and conditions. This group is referred to as the control group, and allows for comparison with the other group, known as the experimental group.
Explanation:
Why does an individual have the number of alleles for a trait they do? In other words, where do the alleles come from
Answer:
- An individual has two set of alleles for each trait because humans are diploid (two set of chromosomes).
Explanation:
Humans are DIPLOID in nature, meaning that they have two sets of each chromosome. Chromosomes contains genes, which come in different forms or versions called ALLELES. Since there are a pair of each chromosome, then there are two genes per chromosome. Hence, two possible forms of genes (alleles) can exist for each gene. That is, every gene will have two copies.
The alleles of each gene on a chromosome comes from each of the parents of an individual. For example, a human contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Each pair of chromosome comes from the father and mother.
Answer:
Explanation:
It is important to note that alleles can be dominant, recessive, or codominant to each other, leading to variations we see in different organisms and traits. For example, how we can differentiate people by their eye color, blood group, hair color, all show that an allele is a specific form of a gene.
An individual has the number of alleles for a trait they do because each cell needs only certain genes to be active or activated in order to function genetically and since gene influence the way cells functions, so for each trait, there are two alleles per gene making an individual having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes when the two alleles are the same. While having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes, when the two alleles are different. This is so important as the alleles affect the expression (phenotype) of a particular trait.
Why are the processes of crossing over and independent assortment important events during meiosis?
Each gamete has a unique DNA set because of recombination and independent assortment during meiosis. The resultant zygote has a special set of genes as a result.
A diploid cell, or homolog, the first stage of meiosis, has two copies of each chromosome. Each homolog now consists of two identical sister chromatids as a result of the cell's first DNA replication process.
Then, through homologous recombination, each set of homologs pairs with one another and exchanges genetic material, frequently resulting in physical connections (crossovers) between the homologs. The spindle machinery segregates the homologs into distinct daughter cells during the first meiotic division. The cells then move directly to a second division without a round of DNA replication in between.
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Joe places a whole orange on a scale and finds that the reading on the scale is the same as when he cuts the orange into segments and places all of the segments on the scale at one time. The readings on the scale show an example of which scientific law?
Joe's reading on the orange scale shows an example of the scientific law of mass conversion.
The law of mass conservation is a law that states that mass is eternal. the law of conservation of mass states that matter or mass cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed into other forms such as liquids, gases, as well as solids.
For example, when someone burns wood. The mass of burning wood is not destroyed. However, it changes form to charcoal, ash, and smoke with the same total mass.
Likewise, what Joe did when he read the mass scale of the orange before and after it was cut, the mass did not change.
This question is optional:
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Which of the following is the best example of a mechanistic understanding of a function?
a. We are self-aware so that we can recognize ourselves and distinguish ourselves from others.
b. The kidneys produce urine so that waste products, such as uric acid, do not build up in the blood.
c. Skeletal muscle cells contract when myosin heads attach to actin filaments and rotate, producing force.
d. Bones are strong so that they can support our body weight and protect delicate organs.
Myosin heads bind to actin and myosin and spin to produce force in the contraction of skeletal muscle cells. an illustration of how a function is understood mechanistically.
And what were the four skeleton types?The body's framework is the skeleton. It helps give us form and serves as the base for other structures to attach to. The 206 bones that make up the skeleton may be divided into four groups: flat, long, short, and irregular.
What makes bone health important?Bones are used by the body for a variety of functions, including as anchoring muscles, protecting organs, and creating structure. While it's important for children and adolescents to have strong, stable bones, there are things adults can do to preserve bone health.
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Is substitution a missense or nonsense?
Substitution is an example of missense mutation.
Substitution is considered as a type of mutation in which their is a replacement of one nucleotide with different nucleotide. It can also be defined as the replacement of one amino acid in a protein with totally different amino acid.
In general, missense mutation takes place when there is a fault in the DNA code and as a result that one of the DNA base pairs is changed, for example, A is swapped for C. This change in the DNA sequence due to Substitution results in change means that the DNA now encodes for a different amino acid. One kind of substitution mutation is called a point mutation, that occurs which a single nucleotide is substituted.
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honeybee is considered as the most useful insect for human beings.justify this statement with any three reasons
Answer:
Polinate plants, trees and foodThey give us honeybees are responcible of pollinating 15 billion of just US crops and 200 million pounds of UK crops. showing their contribution to agricultureSecondary sewage treatment is distinguished form primary sewage treatment by the: separation of the suspended solids from the liquid effluent. chlorination of the liquid effluent. aeration of liquid effluent following chlorination. removal of inorganic nutrients from the liquid effluent. addition of bacteria to process organic contaminants.
Secondary sewage treatment is distinguished from primary sewage treatment by the following:
Aeration of liquid effluent following chlorination.
Addition of bacteria to process organic contaminants.
Removal of inorganic nutrients from the liquid effluent.
Primary sewage treatment is the initial step in the treatment of waste water, and it typically includes the separation of the suspended solids from the liquid effluent. This can be achieved through sedimentation, mechanical screens, and other physical means to remove the larger particles from the waste water.
Secondary sewage treatment goes one step further by using biological processes to remove dissolved organic matter and inorganic nutrients from the liquid effluent. This is typically done through the use of microorganisms, which break down the organic matter in the waste water. Aeration is used to provide the microorganisms with oxygen, which is necessary for their growth and metabolism.
Chlorination can be used as a final disinfectant step following secondary sewage treatment to kill any remaining pathogens, but it is not a requirement of secondary treatment.
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How do vegetarians get protein without meat?
Vegetarians and vegans who want to gain all the essential amino acids can combine two or more plant proteins.
In order to meet their daily requirements of essential amino acids, vegetarians can eat a variety of meals. Excellent sources of those amino acids are grains, peanut butter, legumes, almonds, pumpkin seeds, and legumes. The amino acids needed by the body include tryptophan, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, leucine, methionine, threonine, valine, and phenylalanine. One food that has all of these amino acids is quinoa. For those who don't consume meat, fish, or dairy items, pulses are crucial. Eggs and meat substitutes such as tofu, textured vegetable protein, Quorn, and mycoprotein are other non-dairy sources of protein. To receive their protein, vegetarians should eat plant-based foods such grains, nuts, seeds, legumes, and soy products. Eggs and dairy products are good sources of protein for lacto-ovo-vegetarians.
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What would be the immediate consequence if a neurons sodium-potassium pump was disrupted?
Answer:
Option A.
Explanation:
The sodium pump in the neuron is electrogenic,there are three Na+ from every K+ that enter the cell . If there is a blockage to all sodium pump activity in a cell, there would be an instant change in the membrane potential which will not allow the action potential to take place because a hyperpolarizing current was removed, which means that the membrane potential becomes less negative. Therefore the electrogenic contribution of the sodium pump to the membrane potential will be small which lead to small depolarization.