Mitosis occurs in a somatic cell, which is a non-reproductive or body cell that undergoes cell division, forming two daughter cells. In contrast, Meiosis occurs in reproductive cells, which are known as germ cells, that undergo two rounds of cell division to form four haploid daughter cells.
What is Mitosis?Mitosis is a type of cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells, which are cells that have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. During mitosis, a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells, each with the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent cell.
The process of mitosis can be divided into four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During prophase, the chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers begin to form. In metaphase, the chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell and are attached to spindle fibers at their centromeres. During anaphase, the spindle fibers shorten and pull the sister chromatids of each chromosome apart, toward opposite poles of the cell. Finally, during telophase, the nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes, the spindle fibers disassemble, and the cell undergoes cytokinesis, or division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two identical daughter cells.
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What are the answerssssssss
The type of asexual reproduction in the first image is Binary fission. The type of asexual reproduction in the second image is of parthenogenesis.
What is asexual reproduction?Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction in which offspring are produced without the involvement of gametes (reproductive cells) from two different individuals. In asexual reproduction, a single organism can produce offspring that are genetically identical or nearly identical to the parent.
There are several different mechanisms of asexual reproduction, including budding, fragmentation, and parthenogenesis. In budding, new individuals grow and develop from a small outgrowth or "bud" on the parent organism. In fragmentation, the parent organism breaks into smaller pieces that each develop into a new individual. In parthenogenesis, an egg cell develops into an embryo without being fertilized by sperm.
Asexual reproduction is common in many types of organisms, including bacteria, protists, fungi, and some plants and animals. It can be advantageous in stable environments where the parent organism is well-suited to its environment and can produce many genetically identical offspring quickly and efficiently. However, asexual reproduction can also limit genetic diversity and make populations more vulnerable to environmental changes or disease.
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50PTS: In the vegetable selection of a grocery store, there are many familiar vegetable, such as Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, broccoli, kale, and kohlrabi. It may be surprising to learn that all these vegetables are varieties of the same species. They are the result of genetic manipulation through a process called artificial selection. Instead of using the latest gene splicing techniques, artificial selection uses selective breeding to select for desired traits. Over 2500 years ago, farmers started keeping Brassica oleracea with traits they desired. They grew these plants and kept the seeds from the most desirable plants. Overtime, after repeating this process, they were able to reliably grow plants with the desired traits. This diagram is a model that shows some of the variations of the wild Brassica oleracea.
1. Explain how selective breeding takes advantage of naturally occurring variation. Use evidence from the passage and the diagram to support your explanation.
2. Describe the DNA in a cauliflower plant is similar to and different from the DNA in Brussels sprouts.
3. Broccoli looks very different from the wild Brassica oleracea. Is broccoli a transgenic plant? Explain your answer.
Answer:
1. Selective breeding takes advantage of naturally occurring variation by selecting and breeding individuals with desirable traits. In the case of Brassica oleracea, farmers selectively bred plants with larger leaves, flower buds, or stems that eventually led to the development of the different vegetable varieties we have today. The passage explains that farmers kept seeds from the most desirable plants and planted them, which allowed for the desired traits to become more prominent in the next generation. The diagram shows the variations in the wild Brassica oleracea and how they have been selectively bred to produce different vegetable varieties. This process of selective breeding takes advantage of natural genetic variation, allowing for the cultivation of plants with specific traits desired by humans.
2. The DNA in a cauliflower plant is similar to and different from the DNA in Brussels sprouts. Both cauliflower and Brussels sprouts belong to the same species, Brassica oleracea, and therefore share a lot of their DNA. However, each vegetable variety has undergone selective breeding, resulting in differences in their DNA that code for specific traits. For example, the DNA that controls the formation of flower buds in Brussels sprouts may be different from the DNA that controls the formation of the dense flower head in cauliflower. Additionally, the two vegetables may have different versions of genes that control similar traits, resulting in slight genetic differences.
3. Broccoli is not a transgenic plant. Transgenic plants are those that have had their DNA artificially modified by inserting genes from other organisms. Broccoli, along with other Brassica oleracea varieties, was produced through selective breeding, which involves selecting and breeding plants with desirable traits from within the same species. While broccoli looks very different from the wild Brassica oleracea, its genetic makeup is still largely the same as the original plant, with genetic modifications occurring through selective breeding over many generations rather than through artificial gene insertion.
When many molecules bond together, they form a macromolecule. Complete the table to identify the four main types of macromolecules that are necessary for life. Then identify the monomers and elements that compose them.
answer only needed for 5
While not technically a macromolecule, water is also necessary for life and is composed of hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
What is Macromolecules?
Macromolecules are large molecules made up of smaller molecular subunits called monomers. These monomers can be identical or different and are linked together through covalent bonds to form a larger, more complex molecule. Macromolecules are essential for life, as they play important roles in biological processes such as metabolism, energy storage, and information storage and transfer. The four main types of macromolecules found in living organisms are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Macromolecules are generally formed through a process known as polymerization, where many monomers are covalently bonded together to form a polymer. The process of polymerization can occur through a variety of mechanisms, including dehydration synthesis, where water is removed to form the covalent bond between monomers, and hydrolysis, where water is added to break the bond between monomers.
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In layers of rock, the rock on the bottom layer is what?
Answer:
According to the Principle of Superposition (as stated in search result [10]), in an otherwise undisturbed sequence of sedimentary strata , or rock layers, the layers on the bottom are the oldest. Therefore, in layers of rock, the rock on the bottom layer is the oldest.
Answer:
The rock on the bottom layer of a rock formation is usually the oldest, as it was formed first and then covered by subsequent layers of rock over time. This is due to the principle of superposition, which states that in an undisturbed sequence of layers, the oldest layer is at the bottom and the youngest layer is at the top.
Somatic sensory neurons carry information for all of the following EXCEPT for:
a. Thermal information
b. Initiating movement
c. Mechanosensation
d. Pain
Answer: D - Pain
Explanation:
Answer:
B. Initiating movement
Explanation:
Somatic sensory neurons carry information for all of the following EXCEPT for initiating movement. The functions listed are as follows:
a. Thermal information: Somatic sensory neurons carry information about temperature, such as heat or cold, through thermoreceptors.
b. Initiating movement: Initiating movement is not a function of somatic sensory neurons. Rather, it is controlled by motor neurons.
c. Mechanosensation: Somatic sensory neurons carry information about mechanical stimuli, such as touch, pressure, and vibration, through mechanoreceptors.
d. Pain: Somatic sensory neurons also carry information about pain, through nociceptors.
In fruit flies, grey color is dominant over black color and normal sized wings are dominant over vestigial wings. Suppose a true breeding line of grey fruit flies with vestigial wings is mated with a true breeding line of black fruit flies with normal wings. The F1 generation is then crossed. Draw a Punnett square to show the genotypes of the F2 generation, and give the phenotypic ratio for the F2 generation.
The phenotypic ratio is: 9 grey normal : 3 black normal : 3 grey vestigial : 1 black vestigial.
Phenotypic ratio is the ratio of different observable traits or physical characteristics (phenotypes) in a population or offspring resulting from a particular genetic cross or breeding.
The parental genotypes are:
Grey (GG) with vestigial wings (vv): GGvv
Black (gg) with normal wings (VV): ggVV
The F1 generation will all be heterozygous for both traits (GgVv).
The Punnett square(See Table) for the F1 cross is:
So, the genotypic ratio of the F2 generation is:
1 GGVV : 2 GGVv : 1 GgVV : 2 GgVv : 1 ggVV : 2 ggVv : 1 ggvv
And the phenotypic ratio is:
9 grey normal : 3 black normal : 3 grey vestigial : 1 black vestigial.
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why are cells often compared to factroies
Answer:
Cells are often compared to factories because they both involve a complex system of specialized parts working together to carry out specific functions. Just as a factory is made up of different departments and machines that work together to produce goods, a cell is made up of different organelles and molecules that work together to carry out various functions necessary for life.
Overall, comparing cells to factories is a useful analogy for understanding the complex and organized nature of cellular processes.
how does recrystallization relate to the cycling of earths materials and the flow of energy that drives it?
Geological processes like deformation and metamorphism, which are fueled by pressure and heat in the Earth's interior, can lead to recrystallization.
what do we mean by geological features ?the study of the earth's dynamics and physical history, the rocks that make up its surface, and the physical, chemical, & biological changes the earth has through or is undergoing. the examination of this science.
The four geological features are-
The four main geological processes are deposition, erosion, weathering, and mantle convection currents.
Geological processes like deformation and metamorphism, which are fueled by pressure and heat in the Earth's interior, can lead to recrystallization.
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when tat protein fails to bind the tar region of the hiv transcript, which of the following is true: A. rna polymerase ii terminates transcription B. cyclin t does interacts with the cdk9 C. cdk9 acts on the snrnp proteins necessary for proper slicing of the mature hiv transcript D. the ctd of rna polymerase ii is dephosphorylated
When tat protein fails to bind the tar region of the hiv transcript rna polymerase ii terminates transcription.
A is the correct answer.
The transcriptional activator Tat, which plays a critical role in HIV-1 replication by binding to the TAR hairpin at the 5′ end of freshly formed RNA transcripts, is one of the early viral proteins.
From many lentiviruses' transcriptional transactivators (Tat) interact with their cognate transactivation response RNA structures (TAR) to boost rates of elongation rather than transcription initiation.
Several of them require the formation of a combination of Tat and a species-specific cyclin T1 before binding to TAR with high affinity and specificity.
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In which of the following animals are the blood and the interstitial fluid considered to be the same body fluid?
A grasshoppers
B fishes
C sparrows
D dogs
E jellyfish and cnidarians
In grasshoppers blood and the interstitial fluid are considered to be the same body fluid as they have a open circulatory system.
A is the correct answer.
The open circulatory system is a type of circulatory system in which the cells actively bathe in blood. It is a distinguishing trait of arthropods and mollusks. Grasshoppers have an open vascular system and are arthropods. The heart pumps blood into open-ended arteries in the open circulatory system.
As a result, blood and interstitial fluid are not distinct and are referred to jointly as hemolymph. The hemolymph exits the blood vessels and enters the large spaces known as sinuses. The hemolymph bathes their body tissues. In arthropods, the heart has openings that enable hemolymph to enter.
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3 real-world examples of homeostasis
Digestion begins in the mouth. Which of the following statement is INCORRECT?
The tongue aids in the digestion of the food.
The saliva changes some of the starches in the food to sugar.
The tongue keeps the food in place in the mouth
while the food is being chewed.
The digestive juices can react more easily with the food when chewed.
Digestion begins in the mouth. All of the statements are correct. The tongue aids in the digestion of food by moving the food around the mouth and helping to mix it with saliva.
Digestion is the process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body. Saliva contains enzymes that change some of the starches in the food to sugar, which begins the process of breaking down the carbohydrates in the food. The tongue also helps to keep the food in place in the mouth while it is being chewed, which allows for more efficient grinding and mixing of the food with saliva. Finally, chewing breaks down the food into smaller pieces, which makes it easier for the digestive juices to react with the food and begin the process of digestion.
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What is nondisjunction? Explain how nondisjunction can occur in meiosis and mitosis.
Nondisjunction is a type of chromosomal mutation that occurs when chromosomes fail to separate properly during cell division, resulting in an unequal distribution of chromosomes into daughter cells. As a result, some cells end up with an extra chromosome, while others are missing a chromosome.
Nondisjunction can occur in both meiosis and mitosis. In meiosis, nondisjunction can occur during the first division (meiosis I) or the second division (meiosis II). If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis I, the resulting gametes will have an extra or missing chromosome. For example, if a pair of homologous chromosomes fails to separate during meiosis I, one gamete will receive both copies of the chromosome, while the other gamete will receive none. If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis II, the resulting gametes will have an extra or missing chromatid.
In mitosis, nondisjunction can occur during the separation of sister chromatids, resulting in one daughter cell having an extra chromosome and the other having a missing chromosome.
Nondisjunction can lead to genetic disorders such as Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome. These disorders are caused by an abnormal number of chromosomes in the affected individual's cells.
Creep feeding can help them make the transition without such a setback, and it can also help them begin to produce the enzymes needed to digest nonmilk proteins.
In animal husbandry, the technique of creep feeding includes giving supplemental food to nursing young while they are still ingesting their mother's milk.
One of the main advantages of creep feeding is that it can make the transition from liquid to solid feed easier for young animals without causing them to experience a substantial slowdown in growth or development. While the young animal is still nursing, the solid feed can be introduced gradually so that it becomes used to the taste and texture and starts to generate the enzymes needed to break down non-milk proteins.
Creep feeding is a practical method for encouraging young animals to grow and develop normally and ensuring they get the nutrients they need to survive. To establish a feeding plan suitable for the animal and consider its unique needs and requirements, you should consult a veterinarian or animal nutritionist. You should also carefully check the animal's growth and development to ensure it is developing as it should be.
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Which of the following can you conclude from Beauchamp's study of flock sizes islands and mainlands? a.The costs of group living are higher on mainlands b.The net benefit of group living is higher on mainlands c.The benefits of group living increase with flock size d.The benefits of group living are identical on islands and mainlands
Beauchamp's study of flock sizes islands and mainland concluded that the benefits of group living are identical on islands and mainlands.
D is the correct answer.
In line with the island syndrome, Beauchamp (2021) published a worldwide meta-analysis that found that, after controlling for confounding factors such as latitude, body mass, clutch size, and breeding system, avian survival is significantly greater on islands.
Regarding behavioural modifications, birds' propensity to create mixed flocks is lessened on islands (Beauchamp, 2004), and may even be nonexistent on islands with no predators at all.
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Difference between Bush fallowing and shifting cultivation
the Bush fallowing agriculture system is used when there is more than 33 % of available and arable and temporarily use land is cultivated . Shifting cultivation takes place when less than 33 % of land is cultivated in one year.
Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.
A neuron has three basic parts: the dendrites, the cell body, and the axons. Some neurons have a fatty layer covering called
around their axons. This layer isn’t continuous, and the gaps are called
. The action potential jumps through these gaps to
the transmission.
Answer:
1. Myelin Sheath
2. Nodes of Ranvier
3. Regenerate
Explanation:
Limestone is a natural material that brings the sense of beauty and nature into a home. It can be used in a number of ways and is highly popular for flooring, as well as countertops. Limestone is a sedimentary rock.
Name the process through which limestone is formed.
1.Rock cycle
2.Water cycle
The process by which limestone is produced rock cycle.
How does limestone form during the cycle of rocks?As calcite or aragonite precipitates out of water that contains dissolved calcium, limestone is created. This process can happen through both biological and non-biological means. The concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) in the water has a significant impact on the solubility of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3).
Which stage of the geological cycle would a limestone form in?The majority of limestones are formed in shallow, warm, quiet, and transparent waters. Environments like that allow creatures that can build calcium carbonate shells and skeletons to flourish and easily collect the necessary components from ocean water.
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how does garbage in the ocean harm sea creatures
Answer:
Marine mammals can become entangled in or ingest plastic debris, causing suffocation, starvation, and drowning.
Explanation:
It is estimated that up to 13 million metric tons of plastic ends up in the ocean each year—the equivalent of a rubbish or garbage truck load’s worth every minute. Fish, seabirds, sea turtles, and marine mammals can become entangled in or ingest plastic debris, causing suffocation, starvation, and drowning.
Answer:
Ingestion: Animals can easily mistake plastic debris for food.
Explanation:
Animals can choke, sustain internal injury and die – or starve by thinking they’re full from eating plastic.
Irrigation _____ often results in a salt residue in topsoil, decreasing soil fertility.
Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
Answer choices
with ocean water
onto salt flats
on mountain slopes
in hot, dry areas
Answer:
in hot, dry areas
Explanation:
What does our body do to keep our body temperature constant and why
Whats the answer ??????
Two nomenclature systems are used to name amino acids: The classic one using triplets and the modern one using a single letter. option is C) A W Q L N.
How to name amino acids?
There are two nomenclature systems to name amino acids.
1) the classic one uses three letters -the triplet- to represent a single amino acid.
When constructing the polymer, triplets are separated by dashes. In this representation, the primary structure of the molecule begins with the amino-terminal extreme (N) and finishes with the carboxy-terminal extreme (C).
Each triplet is a codon that codes for an amino acid.
- There is a start codon (ATG) that codes for Methionine. This is always the first amino acid to be added to the chain.
- There are three different stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) that indicate where the protein synthesis must stop.
2) The modern system uses a single letter to identify each amino acid.
When representing the primary structure of the molecule, these letters do not need to be separated by dashes. The amino-terminal extreme (N) is located on the left, while the carboxy-terminal extreme (C) is located on the right of the molecule, just as in the other system.
In the exposed example,
Codon Amino acid (classic system) Amino acid (modern system)
GCA Ala A
UGG Trp W
CAG Gln Q
UUA Leu L
AAU Asn N
According to this table, the correct option is C) A W Q L N
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You obtain a sample of single-celled amoebas and put them into different
solutions. The hypotonic solution you place your amoebas into would have
more or fewer or the same amount of solutes as your amoeba?
Your amoeba would contain fewer solutes than the hypotonic solution you put it in. When the solute concentration in a hypotonic solution is lower than that of the cell, more water molecules outside the cell than inside it.
What is hypotonic solution with example?Hypotonic solutions are those with lower solute concentrations than the cell. Solutions are created by mixing a solute with a solvent. The solute is the component that is present in lower amounts, whereas the solvent is present in higher amounts. An illustration of a hypotonic solution is salt water.
Which fluid is hypotonic solution?The term "hypotonic saline" refers to an intravenous solution used by doctors that has a sodium content that is lower than what is typically seen in human serum.
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Name the organ/structure labeled with the number 13.
Answer:
Explanation:
put the picture of the question ty
pls help!!! brainliest!! Explain how understanding an animal’s systems can help agricultural production.
Answer:
Understanding an animal’s systems can help agricultural production by improving efficiency and sustainability. An animal production system that delivers the best outcome would be environmentally sound, economically viable, and socially acceptable. Farm animals contribute not only a source of high-quality food that improves nutritional status but also additional resources such as manure for fertilizer, on-farm power, and other by-products. This can provide economic diversification and risk distribution for farmers.
Explanation:
In addition, understanding an animal's systems can help optimize animal health and welfare, which in turn can improve production efficiency. By understanding the animal's digestive system, for example, farmers can design appropriate feeding programs and ensure that the animals are getting the nutrients they need to thrive. Understanding an animal's reproductive system can help farmers improve breeding programs and increase the production of offspring with desirable traits. By monitoring an animal's health and behavior, farmers can detect and prevent diseases and other health problems before they become widespread.
Moreover, understanding an animal's systems can also help farmers reduce their environmental impact. For example, by understanding the animal's excretory system, farmers can design more effective waste management systems that reduce the amount of manure and other waste products that enter the environment. This can help prevent pollution and promote the sustainable use of natural resources.
In summary, understanding an animal's systems is crucial to improving agricultural production by enhancing efficiency, sustainability, animal health and welfare, and reducing environmental impact.
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1. The table displays data about the presence of certain traits in a population of chickens over several
generations. The data provide evidence that best supports the claim that these chickens are being
bred for which characteristic?
The data provide the strongest evidence for the claim that breeding of chickens is done for large bodies.
What is Poultry breeding?Poultry breeding is the practice of selectively breeding and raising domesticated birds such as chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, and quails for the purpose of improving their desirable traits such as meat quality, egg production, growth rate, disease resistance, and temperament.
The process of poultry breeding involves selecting the best birds from a flock based on specific criteria, such as body size, weight, conformation, and feather quality. These birds are then bred together to create a new generation of birds with improved genetics, which will hopefully exhibit the desired traits in greater measure. The process is repeated over multiple generations until the desired traits are fixed in the population.
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Response to its environment (nervous system? sense organs? special adaptations?)
african bush elephant...... can I get some help?
A variety of adaptations and skills enable the African bush elephant to adjust to its surroundings and thrive in its natural habitat.
What adaptations do African bush elephants make to their surroundings?Elephants have huge bodies, which help them regulate their body temperature in the scorching sun, dig for water with their tusks, and use their trunks to grasp branches and other objects.
What sensory reactions does an elephant have to its surroundings?Elephants can smell water sources up to 19.2 km (12 mi) distant thanks to their excellent sense of smell. At the apex of the trunk are the nostrils, which are used for breathing, smelling, and pulling in water to squirt into the mouth.
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Use the chemical equations above to answer the following questions
These are equations that represent chemical reactions using chemical formulae and symbols. In a chemical equation, the reactants are represented on the left and the products are on the right.
Which two kinds of chemical equations are there?These are the top 5 categories of chemical reactions: Combination reaction. reaction of decomposition. Reaction in combination. Any reaction wherein two or even more reagents combine to generate a single result is known as just a group of compounds.
Which are the three reactants in photosynthesis?For photosynthesis to occur, sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water are required as the initial reactants. After photosynthesis is complete, it produces molecules containing carbohydrates, most typically glucose, and releases oxygen into the atmosphere. These sugar molecules hold the energy needed for survival.
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silky feathers in low is recessive to that for normal feather. (a) ll 60 birds were raised from a cross between individuals that were heterozygous for gene. how many would be expected to be silky and how many normal? (b) if you had a normal feathered birds, what would be the easiest way to determine which it is homozygous or heterozygous?
Please help
Answer:
Explanation:
(a) If 60 birds were raised from a cross between individuals that were heterozygous for the gene, then according to Mendelian genetics, the offspring should segregate in a 3:1 ratio of normal to silky feathers.
To determine how many would be expected to have each phenotype, we can use a Punnett square:
L l
L LL (normal) Ll (normal)
l Ll (normal) ll (silky)
From this Punnett square, we can see that of the four possible offspring genotypes, three would result in the normal feather phenotype, and one would result in the silky feather phenotype. Therefore, we can expect 45 birds with normal feathers (3/4 of 60) and 15 birds with silky feathers (1/4 of 60).
(b) If you had a normal feathered bird, you could determine whether it is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene by crossing it with a known homozygous recessive bird (ll). If the normal feathered bird is heterozygous (Ll), then half of its offspring should have silky feathers (ll) when crossed with the homozygous recessive bird (ll). If the normal feathered bird is homozygous (LL), then all of its offspring should have normal feathers (Ll) when crossed with the homozygous recessive bird (ll). By analyzing the phenotype of the offspring, you can determine whether the normal feathered bird is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.
Which event must occur before nucleoutides can be added to a new dna strand replication?
The DNA double helix must first be "unzipped" or split into two single strands during replication before nucleotides can be added to a new DNA strand.
What is required prior to DNA replication?The first two steps of DNA replication are initiated sequentially. The two DNA strands are then pulled apart by a protein called helicase, which binds to and dissolves the hydrogen bonds connecting the bases on the DNA strands.
What are the procedures for starting DNA replication?The total process of initiation can be broken down into four phases: identifying the replication origins, putting together the pre-replication complexes, activating the replicative DNA helicase(s), and loading the replicative enzymes.
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