A company that is concerned with operational efficiency practices and Authority-compliance management style.
Operational efficiency is the ratio of the productivity of an organization's inputs to its outputs. Companies that are operationally effective produce high-quality goods and services at a lower cost than their rivals, resulting in greater profitability. Here, we will look at the management style that a company would use if it prioritized operational efficiency.
The authority-compliance management style, often known as autocratic leadership, is characterized by a top-down hierarchical structure with one individual making decisions for the whole organization. The leader has complete authority and control over the team's activities, and the subordinates are expected to follow his or her directives unquestioningly. This management style is often used in organizations that prioritize operational efficiency over employee participation. Authority-compliance management style makes it simple for decisions to be made and instructions to be followed quickly and efficiently without significant debate, leading to high levels of productivity.
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Jose Morales manages a large outdoor fruit stand in one of the less affluent neighbourhoods of San Jose, California. To replenish his supply, Jose buys boxes of the fruit early each morning from a grower south of San Jose. About 90 percent of the boxes of fruit turn out to be of satisfactory quality, but the other 10 percent are unsatisfactory. A satisfactory box contains 80 percent excellent fruit and will earn $200 profit for Jose. An unsatisfactory box contains 30 percent excellent fruit and will produce a loss of $1,000. Before Jose decides to accept a box, he is given the opportunity to sample one piece of fruit to test whether it is excellent. Based on that sample, he then has the option of rejecting the box without paying for it. Jose wonders (1) whether he should continue buying from this grower, (2) if so, whether it is worthwhile sampling just one piece of fruit from a box, and (3) if so, whether he should be accepting or rejecting the box based on the outcome of this sampling.
Use the likelihoods/conditional and prior probabilities to calculate all the posteriors/revised probabilities. Show your work/calculations. (6 points) N. B. : Round the probabilities to two decimal points.
Draw and solve the decision tree for this problem to determine the optimal decision strategy that Jose should follow. (Show your work/calculations). Verbally communicate the decision strategy. (25 points)
Answer:
Should Jose continue buying from this grower?
Decision alternatives: continue buying from the grower, find a new supplier
Possible outcomes: satisfactory boxes of fruit, unsatisfactory boxes of fruit
Probabilities: 0.9 for satisfactory boxes, 0.1 for unsatisfactory boxes
Expected value of continuing to buy from the grower:
EV = (0.9 x $200) + (0.1 x (-$1,000))
EV = $170
Since the expected value is positive, it is worthwhile for Jose to continue buying from the grower.
Is it worthwhile sampling just one piece of fruit from a box?
Decision alternatives: sample one piece of fruit, do not sample
Possible outcomes: good sample, bad sample
Probabilities: 0.8 for good sample, 0.2 for bad sample
Expected value of sampling one piece of fruit:
EV = (0.8 x EV(satisfactory box)) + (0.2 x EV(unsatisfactory box))
EV = (0.8 x $200) + (0.2 x (-$1,000))
EV = $40
The expected value of sampling one piece of fruit is lower than the expected value of not sampling at all. Therefore, it is not worthwhile for Jose to sample just one piece of fruit.
If Jose samples one piece of fruit and it is excellent, should he accept or reject the box?
Decision alternatives: accept the box, reject the box
Possible outcomes: satisfactory box, unsatisfactory box
Probabilities: 0.8 for satisfactory box, 0.2 for unsatisfactory box (assuming the sample is excellent)
Expected value of accepting the box:
EV = (0.8 x $200) + (0.2 x (-$1,000))
EV = $40
Expected value of rejecting the box:
EV = 0
The expected value of accepting the box is higher than the expected value of rejecting the box. Therefore, if Jose samples one piece of fruit and it is excellent, he should accept the box.
Overall, Jose should continue buying from the grower, not sample one piece of fruit, and if he does sample one piece of fruit and it is excellent, he should accept the box.
Explanation:
In the month of May, Concord Corporation wrote checks in the amount of $51800. In June, checks in the amount of $70885 were written. In May, $47421 of these checks were presented to the bank for payment and $60945 in June. Required:
What is the amount of outstanding checks at the end of June?
The amount of outstanding checks at the end of June is $14,319.To calculate the amount of outstanding checks at the end of June, we will follow these steps:
1. Determine the total checks written in May and June.
2. Determine the total checks presented for payment in May and June.
3. Subtract the total checks presented for payment from the total checks written.
Step 1: Determine the total checks written in May and June.
- In May, Concord Corporation wrote checks amounting to $51,800.
- In June, they wrote checks amounting to $70,885.
- The total checks written are $51,800 + $70,885 = $122,685.
Step 2: Determine the total checks presented for payment in May and June.
- In May, $47,421 of checks were presented for payment.
- In June, $60,945 of checks were presented for payment.
- The total checks presented for payment are $47,421 + $60,945 = $108,366.
Step 3: Subtract the total checks presented for payment from the total checks written.
- Outstanding checks = Total checks written - Total checks presented for payment
- Outstanding checks = $122,685 - $108,366 = $14,319.
Therefore, the amount of outstanding checks is $14,319.
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What term describes promotion of career and advancement paths for all employees? O Cultural training Inclusive audit O Company policy O Equal opportunity Select the best response to the following questions. The result of a(n) lawsuit can include reinstating those who were wrongly terminated. O operations O cultural dimension O affirmative action O diversity
The term that describes the promotion of career and advancement paths for all employees is Equal opportunity.
Equal opportunity is a term that describes the promotion of career and advancement paths for all employees.
Equal opportunity is a principle of non-discrimination that seeks to guarantee the equality of treatment and the absence of discrimination in any work-related aspect, regardless of the person's age, race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, or other protected characteristics.
Equal opportunity policies aim to ensure that all employees and job seekers are given equal consideration and treatment, regardless of their individual differences, in all areas of employment, including recruitment, selection, promotion, training, and development.
Equal opportunity policies can help create a more diverse and inclusive workplace where employees feel valued, respected, and empowered to achieve their full potential. They can also help organizations attract and retain talented employees from diverse backgrounds, which can lead to a more innovative and competitive business.
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Fresh Veggies, Incorporated (FVI), purchases land and a warehouse for $530,000. In addition to the purchase price, FVI makes the following expenditures related to the acquisition: broker's commission, $33,000; title insurance, $2,300; and miscellaneous closing costs, $6,600. The warehouse is immediately demolished at a cost of $33,000 in anticipation of building a new warehouse. Determine the cost of the land and record the purchase (assuming cash was paid for all expenditures). (If no entry is required for a particular transaction/event, select "No Journal Entry Required" in the first account field. )
The cost of the land is $605,900, and the journal entry to record the purchase is a debit to the Land account and a credit to the Cash account for $605,900.
To determine the cost of the land and record the purchase for Fresh Veggies, Incorporated (FVI), you need to follow these steps:
1. Identify all the costs associated with the land purchase, including the purchase price, broker's commission, title insurance, and miscellaneous closing costs.
2. Allocate the costs between the land and the warehouse based on their relative fair market values.
3. Demolish the warehouse and account for the demolition cost.
4. Record the journal entries for each transaction.
Step 1: Determine the costs associated with the land purchase.
Purchase price: $530,000
Broker's commission: $33,000
Title insurance: $2,300
Miscellaneous closing costs: $6,600
Step 2: Allocate costs between land and warehouse.
The warehouse was immediately demolished, so its value is considered to be $0. The entire cost of $530,000 is allocated to the land.
Step 3: Account for demolition cost.
Demolition cost: $33,000
The cost of the demolition is added to the cost of the land since it was necessary to prepare the land for the new warehouse.
Step 4: Record the journal entries for each transaction.
Land Account:
Debit: $530,000 (purchase price) + $33,000 (broker's commission) + $2,300 (title insurance) + $6,600 (miscellaneous closing costs) + $33,000 (demolition cost) = $605,900
Cash Account:
Credit: $605,900
Journal Entry:
Land (Debit) - $605,900
Cash (Credit) - $605,900
In summary, the cost of the land is $605,900, and the journal entry to record the purchase is a debit to the Land account and a credit to the Cash account for $605,900.
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The contribution margin ratio is 25% for crowne company and the break-even point in sales is $235,000. if crowne company's target operating profit is $65,000, sales would have to be:
If crowne company's target operating profit is $65,000, sales would have to be $235,000.
To solve this problem, we can use the following formula:
Target Operating Profit = (Sales - Variable Costs) - Fixed Cost
The Contribution Margin Ratio is 25%, which means that 75% of each sales dollar is consumed by variable and fixed costs. We also know that the break-even point in sales is $235,000. This information allows us to calculate the variable and fixed costs as follows:
Variable Costs = Sales x (1 - Contribution Margin Ratio)
Variable Costs = $235,000 x (1 - 0.25) = $176,250
Fixed Costs = Total Costs - Variable Costs at Break-Even Point
Fixed Costs = $235,000 - $176,250 = $58,750
Now we can plug in the values and solve for sales:
$65,000 = (Sales x 0.25) - $58,750
$65,000 + $58,750 = Sales x 0.25
$123,750 = Sales x 0.25
Sales = $495,000
Therefore, Crowne Company would need to generate $495,000 in sales to achieve its target operating profit of $65,000, given a contribution margin ratio of 25% and a break-even point in sales of $235,000.
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A corporation has cumulative preferred stock on which it pays dividends of $20,000 per year. The dividends are in arrears for two years. If the corporation plans to distribute $90,000 as dividends in the current year, how much will the common stockholders receive?.
The common stockholders will receive $30,000 in dividends.
The cumulative preferred stock means that the dividends accumulate from year to year and must be paid before any dividends are paid to common stockholders.
In this case, the dividends are in arrears for two years, which means that the corporation owes the preferred stockholders $20,000 x 2 = $40,000 in unpaid dividends.
Since the corporation plans to distribute $90,000 as dividends in the current year, the preferred stockholders will receive their $40,000 in arrears plus their current year dividend of $20,000, for a total of $60,000.
The remaining $30,000 ($90,000 - $60,000) will be available for distribution to the common stockholders.
Therefore, the common stockholders will receive $30,000 in dividends.
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which of the following is a characteristic of a prepaid group practice? which of the following is a characteristic of a prepaid group practice? insurance company reimburses beneficiary for out-of-pocket expenses physician is paid a flat fee per person regardless of services rendered physicians are employees of the hmo physicians are paid for the specific services they render
A prepaid group practice is a type of health maintenance organization (HMO) where members pay a fixed amount of money for healthcare services within a defined network of healthcare providers. One of the characteristics of a prepaid group practice is that physicians are paid a flat fee per person regardless of services rendered.
This means that the physician receives a fixed amount of money for each member of the group practice, regardless of how often they see the doctor or what services they receive. This payment structure is intended to encourage preventive care and discourage unnecessary medical procedures or tests.
Another characteristic of a prepaid group practice is that physicians are employees of the HMO. This means that they are not independent contractors but are instead employed by the HMO. This allows the HMO to have more control over the quality and cost of healthcare services provided to its members.
A third characteristic of a prepaid group practice is that insurance company reimburses the group practice for all the services provided to its members. This means that the members do not have to pay out-of-pocket expenses for covered services. The HMO assumes the financial risk for providing healthcare services to its members, and the insurance company reimburses the HMO for the cost of these services.
In summary, the characteristics of a prepaid group practice include physicians being paid a flat fee per person regardless of services rendered, physicians being employees of the HMO, and the insurance company reimbursing the group practice for all services provided to its members. These characteristics are intended to promote cost-effective and high-quality healthcare services for HMO members.
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in 2014, the euro was trading at $1.35 on the foreign exchange market. by 2015, the rate had fallen to $1.10, due to falling european interest rates. explain the fall in the price of a euro using supply and demand curves, and in words.
The depreciation of the euro raises the competitiveness of pricing outside the eurozone such as dollars, which should encourage exports of products and services from Europe.
Carry trading is a method whereby an investor borrows money at a low interest rate to invest in a security that generates a greater return. As a result of the lower European interest rate, the investor in this scenario would borrow more euros, sell them for dollars, and then use the proceeds to make investments in the United States. A rightward movement of the supply curve for euros, which is a visual representation of the carry trade, would indicate a rise in the supply of euros (i.e., "selling" euros). Because of the carry trade, the euro loses value in comparison to other currencies, particularly the dollar.
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Aries Inc. Took the following actions regarding its employees: (a) Aries agreed to pay Randy a $5,000 bonus for extra services that Randy voluntarily performed the previous year; (b) Aries agreed to pay Fred a $1,00 bonus in exchange for his promise not to breach an existing contract with Aries; and © Aries refused to perform a one-year contract with Hill because Areies had contractually agreed to pay Hill $30,000 pursuant to this contract, but his services were only worth $15,000
The answer of the following are:
(a) The agreement with Randy is legitimately restricting because Aries consented to it since it is a component of thought as it manages something of lawfully adequate worth given the trading of commitment.
(b) The agreement with Fred is likewise legitimately restricting, as Zafiris consented to pay him a $1,000 reward in return for his vow not to penetrate a current agreement. This shows that the two players have settled on the terms, and there is substantial thought.
(c) Yes it is deficient as Aries are qualified to decline to play out their agreement with Slope because the thought it is getting is lacking. Deficient alludes to a value that isn't equivalent in worth to the help being given It can make the agreement unenforceable.
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This question is not complete, Here I am attaching the complete question:
Aries Inc. took the following actions regarding its employees: (a) Aries agreed to pay Randy a $5,000 bonus for extra services that Randy voluntarily performed the previous year; (b) Aries agreed to pay Fred a $1,000 bonus in exchange for his promise not to breach an existing contract with Aries; and (c) Aries refused to perform a one-year contract with Hill because Aries had contractually agreed to pay Hill $30,000 pursuant to this contract, but his services were only worth $15,000.
(a) Is the agreement with Randy legally binding?
(b) Is the agreement with Fred legally binding?
(c) Is Aries entitled to refuse to perform its contract with Hill because the consideration it is receiving is inadequate?
Step One: Review several stocks by looking at stock tables and reading news articles. When you read about the company, be on the lookout for information, such as what products or services they sell, if they have any new products, and if the company has been making a profit. Select one stock to pretend to invest in.
Long Text (essay)
Answer the following questions about the stock you choose to pretend to track:
What is the name of the company and the stock symbol you chose?
What is the P/E ratio?
What information did you find about the company?
Why did you choose this stock?
The company I chose to track is Apple Inc. with the stock symbol AAPL. As of May 4, 2023, the P/E ratio for AAPL is 31.39.
In my research, I found that Apple is a technology giant that sells a range of products such as iPhones, iPads, Macs, and wearables like the Apple Watch. The company is also known for its software and services, including the App Store, Apple Music, iCloud, and Apple Pay. Apple has been consistently making a profit and is considered one of the most valuable companies globally.
In recent news, Apple has been making strides in the field of healthcare with the launch of the Health app and HealthKit, which allows users to track and monitor their health data. Overall, I believe Apple is a strong and reliable investment choice for long-term growth potential.
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1 debt 10. 0% 1 wACCE 11. 20% asset 15. 0% tax rate 34%. Equity 24. 9% 1 Tee 2%
Tiger Towers, Inc. Is considering an expansion of their existing business, student apartments. The new project will be built on some vacant land that the firm has just contracted to buy. The land cost $1,000,000 and the payment is due today. Construction of a 20-unit office building will cost $3 million; this expense will be depreciated straight-line over 30 years to zero salvage value; the pretax value of the land and building in year 30 will be $18,000,000. The $3,000,000 construction cost is to be paid today. The project will not change the risk level of the firm. The firm will lease 20 offices suites at $20,000 per suite per year; payment is due at the start of the year; occupancy will begin in one year. Variable cost is $3,500 per suite. Fixed costs, excluding depreciation, are $75,000 per year. The project will require a $10,000 investment in net working capital.
What is the unlevered after-tax incremental cash flow for Year 0? What is the unlevered after-tax incremental cash flow for Year 2? What is the unlevered after-tax incremental cash flow for Year 30?
Therefore, the unlevered after-tax incremental cash flow for Year 30 is: $11,883,400
The depreciation expense for each year and adjust for the change in net working capital.
Year 0:
The cash outflow for Year 0 is the cost of the land and the construction cost, which is $1,000,000 + $3,000,000 = $4,000,000. There are no cash inflows in Year 0.
The depreciation expense for Year 0 is $3,000,000/30 = $100,000.
The change in net working capital for Year 0 is -$10,000.
Therefore, the unlevered after-tax incremental cash flow for Year 0 is:
Cash flow = (Cash inflow - Cash outflow - Depreciation) * (1 - Tax rate) + Depreciation - Change in net working capital
Cash flow = (0 - $4,000,000 - $100,000) * (1 - 0.34) + $100,000 - (-$10,000)
Cash flow = -$2,636,000
Year 2:
The cash inflow for Year 2 is the lease payments for 20 office suites, which is 20 * $20,000 = $400,000. The variable cost for 20 office suites is 20 * $3,500 = $70,000. The fixed cost for Year 2 is $75,000.
The depreciation expense for Year 2 is $3,000,000/30 = $100,000.
The change in net working capital for Year 2 is 0 (assumed).
Therefore, the unlevered after-tax incremental cash flow for Year 2 is:
Cash flow = (Cash inflow - Cash outflow - Depreciation) * (1 - Tax rate) + Depreciation - Change in net working capital
Cash flow = ($400,000 - $70,000 - $75,000 - $100,000) * (1 - 0.34) + $100,000 - 0
Cash flow = $110,900
Year 30:
The cash inflow for Year 30 is the pretax value of the land and building, which is $18,000,000. The variable cost for 20 office suites is 20 * $3,500 = $70,000. The fixed cost for Year 30 is $75,000.
The depreciation expense for Year 30 is $3,000,000/30 = $100,000.
The change in net working capital for Year 30 is 0 (assumed).
Therefore, the unlevered after-tax incremental cash flow for Year 30 is:
Cash flow = (Cash inflow - Cash outflow - Depreciation) * (1 - Tax rate) + Depreciation - Change in net working capital
Cash flow = ($18,000,000 - $70,000 - $75,000 - $100,000) * (1 - 0.34) + $100,000 - 0
Cash flow = $11,883,400
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The assembly, the legislature of the fictional country of manufa, is considering legislation that will generate benefits of $15 million and costs of $11 million. for perspective, manufa's population is 60 million.
passing the legislation is (inefficient or efficient? ), and if everyone in manufa shares equally in both its benefits and its costs, the assembly will vote ( against or for? ) the legislation.
if the costs of the legislation are concentrated among a few people instead of widespread among the population, those who benefit will be willing to spend up_____ to lobbying the assembly against the legislation. (note: assume that the benefits are widespread; therefore, you can ignore them in the calculations of the few who experience the costs.)
a. $0 million
b. $15 million
c. $26 million
d. $11 million
e. $4 million
the less widely spread are the benefits of the legislation, the (lower or higher?) is the likelihood of lobbying for the legislation by those who will incur its benefits. suppose that, as before, the costs of the legislation are concentrated among a small group, the benefits are very widespread, and the assembly is responsive to lobbying. the likely amount spent on lobbying for the legislation is:_________.
a. $4 million
b. $15 million
c. $0 million
d. $26 million
e. $11 million
in which case the assembly will likely vote the legislation. (for or against?)
The likely amount spent on lobbying for the legislation is $4 million in which case the Assembly will likely vote for the legislation.
The correct option is (a)
Marginal Social Costs and Benefits:A community needs to determine the marginal (extra or incremental) costs and benefits of spending tax dollars on a specific program. The guideline is to take action if the benefits exceed the costs.
The Assembly, the legislature of the fictional country of Manufa, is considering legislation that will generate benefits of $15 million and costs of $11 million. For perspective, Manufa's population is 60 million. Passing the legislation is efficient, and if everyone in Manufa shares equally in both its benefits and its costs, the Assembly will vote for the legislation. If the costs of the legislation are concentrated among a few people instead of widespread among the population, those who benefit will be willing to spend up to $4 million lobbying the Assembly against the legislation. The less widely spread are the benefits of the legislation, the lower is the likelihood of lobbying for the legislation by those who will incur its benefits. Suppose that, as before, the costs of the legislation are concentrated among a small group, the benefits are very widespread, and the Assembly is responsive to lobbying. The likely amount spent on lobbying for the legislation is $4 million in which case the Assembly will likely vote for the legislation.
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Assume a merchandising company provides the following information from its master budget for the month of May:
Cash balance, May 1 $20,000
Cash collections from customers $80,000
Cash disbursements for merchandise purchases $35,000
Cash disbursements for selling and administrative expenses $40,000
If the company wishes to maintain a minimum cash balance of $30,000 at the end of every month, then its borrowings at the beginning of May will equal: _________
The required borrowings at the beginning of May would be $80,000.
To determine the borrowings required at the beginning of May, we need to calculate the ending cash balance for the month of May.
Beginning cash balance on May 1 is $20,000.
Cash collections from customers for the month of May are $80,000.
Cash disbursements for merchandise purchases are $35,000, and cash disbursements for selling and administrative expenses are $40,000.
Therefore, the total cash disbursements for the month of May are $35,000 + $40,000 = $75,000.
The net cash inflow for the month of May is $80,000 - $75,000 = $5,000.
If the company wishes to maintain a minimum cash balance of $30,000 at the end of every month, it means that the ending cash balance for May should be $30,000.
Thus, the required borrowings at the beginning of May will be:
Ending cash balance for May = Beginning cash balance + Net cash inflow - Total cash disbursements
$30,000 = $20,000 + $5,000 - $75,000 + Borrowings
Simplifying the equation, we get:
Borrowings = $30,000 - $20,000 - $5,000 + $75,000
Borrowings = $80,000
Therefore, the required borrowings at the beginning of May will be $80,000.
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Intangible benefits, such as increased quality or improved safety, should be ignored in capital budgeting decisions.
This statement "Intangible benefits, such as increased quality or improved safety, should be ignored in capital budgeting decisions" is not entirely correct.
Intangible benefits, while difficult to quantify, should not be completely ignored in capital budgeting decisions. These benefits may include increased customer satisfaction, improved employee morale, or enhanced brand image. While they may not have a direct financial impact, they can contribute to the long-term success and profitability of a project or investment.
However, since intangible benefits are difficult to measure and value, they should be carefully considered and evaluated before being incorporated into capital budgeting decisions.
It is important to weigh the potential benefits against the costs and risks of the project or investment, and to use conservative estimates when assessing the value of intangible benefits. In general, tangible financial benefits should carry more weight in capital budgeting decisions, but intangible benefits should not be completely disregarded.
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Economic Development in Bangladesh
OPENING CASE
When Bangladesh gained independence from Pakistan in 1971 after a brutal civil war that may have left as many as 3 million dead, the U.S. National Security Adviser, Henry Kissinger, referred to the country as a "basket case." Kiss inger's assessment was accurate enough. At the time, Bangladesh was one of the world's poorest nations. Al though most of the country is dominated by the Ferte Ganges-Brahmaputra delta, a lack of other natural re sources, coupled with poor infrastructure, political instability, and high levels of corruption, long held the country back. To compound matters, Bangladesh is prone to natu ral disasters. Most of Bangladesh is less than 12 meters above sea level. The extensive low-lying areas are vulner able to tropical cyclones, floods, and tidal bores.
Beginning in the mid 1990s, however, Bangladesh be gan to climb the ladder of economic progress. From the early 2000s onward, the country grew its economy at around 6 percent per annum compounded. Today, this Muslim majority country of 160 million people has joined the ranks of lower-middle-income nations. Poverty reduction has been dramatic, with the percentage of the population living in poverty falling from 44.2 percent in 1991 to 18.5 percent in 2010, an achievement that raised 20.5 million people out of abject poverty. Today the country ranks 64th out of the 154 countries included in the World Bank's global poverty database. Yes, it has a considerable way to go, but it is no longer one of the world's poorest countries.
Several reasons underlie Bangladesh's relative eco nomic success. In its initial post-independence period, Bangladesh adopted socialist policies, nationalizing many companies and subsidizing the costs of agricultural production and basic food products. These policies failed to deliver the anticipated gains. Policy reforms in the 1980s were directed toward the withdrawal of food and agricul tural subsidies, the privatization of state-owned compa nies, financial liberalization, and the withdrawal of some import restrictions. Further reforms aimed at liberalizing the economy were launched in the 1990s. These included. making the currency convertible (which led to a floating exchange rate in 2003), reducing import duties to much
lower levels, and removing most of the controls on the movement of foreign private capital (which is allowed for more foreign direct investment). The reforms of the 1990s. coincided with the transition to a parliamentary democracy. from semi-autocratic rule.
Bangladesh's private sector has expanded rapidly since then. Leading the growth has been the country's vibrant textile sector, which is now the second-largest exporter of ready-made garments in the world after China. Textiles ac count for 80 percent of Bangladesh's exports. The development of the textile industry has been helped by the availability of low-cost labor, managerial skills, favorable trade agreements, and government policies that elimi nated import duties on inputs for the textile business, such as raw materials. The Bangladesh economy has also ben efited from its productive agricultural sector and remit tences from more than 10 million Bangladesh citizens who work in other nations. Bangladesh is also home of the mi crofinance movement, which has enabled entrepreneurs with no prior access to the banking system to borrow small amounts of capital to start businesses.
This being said, the country still faces considerable impediments to sustaining its growth. Infrastructure re mains poor, corruption continues to be a major problem; and the political system is, at best, an imperfect democ racy where opposition is stified. The country is too depen dent upon its booming textile sector and needs to diversify its industrial base. Bangladesh is also one of the countries most prone to the adverse effects of climate change. A one-meter rise in sea level would leave an estimated 10 percent of the country under water and increase the po tential for floods in much of the remainder. travel, according to the U.S. Investment bank Gold man Sachs, Bangladesh is one of the 11 lower-middle income nations posed for sustained growth.
Please answer the following Qs:
What were the principal reasons for the economic stagnation of Bangladesh after its war for independence?
Explain how the liberalization program in the 1990s enabled Bangladesh to start climbing the ladder of economic progress. What are the main lessons here that can be applied to economic development in other nations?
Bangladesh is dependent for its prosperity upon agriculture and textile exports. What are the risks here? How might Bangladesh diversify its industrial and commercial base?
The economic stagnation of Bangladesh post war was primarily due lack of natural resource, lacking infrastructure, corrupt and political instability, and natural disasters.
The 1990s liberalization program 1990s enabled Bangladesh to rebuilding and achieving economic progress by introducing policy reforms.
Reliance on agriculture and textile exports pose risks such as vulnerability to global market fluctuations, over-dependence on a single industry, and potential adverse effects of climate change.
The principal reasons for the economic stagnation of Bangladesh after its war for independence were a lack of natural resources, poor infrastructure, political instability, high levels of corruption, and natural disasters. The country also faced challenges due to socialist policies, nationalization of companies, and subsidies for agricultural production and basic food products, which failed to deliver anticipated gains.
The liberalization program in the 1990s enabled Bangladesh to start climbing the ladder of economic progress by introducing policy reforms such as the withdrawal of food and agricultural subsidies, privatization of state-owned companies, financial liberalization, and the withdrawal of import restrictions.
Other reforms included making the currency convertible, reducing import duties, and removing controls on the movement of foreign private capital. The main lessons that can be applied to economic development in other nations include the importance of economic liberalization, privatization, and creating a favorable environment for foreign investments.
Bangladesh is dependent on agriculture and textile exports, which pose risks such as vulnerability to global market fluctuations, over-dependence on a single industry, and potential adverse effects of climate change.
To diversify its industrial and commercial base, Bangladesh can invest in other sectors like information technology, pharmaceuticals, and renewable energy. The country can also encourage entrepreneurship and innovation, improve infrastructure, and promote foreign investments in various industries.
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Supercar Corporation issues smartphones to some employees. The value of each smartphone is $500. About 250 smartphones have been issued. In the past two years, the company has lost 24 smartphones due to breakage. Supercar can purchase an insurance policy for each phone that costs $4 a month per phone. If the phone is damaged beyond repair, the insurance company will replace the entire phone. Does it make sense for Supercar to buy insurance for each phone at this price
Based on the provided information, it does not make sense for Supercar Corporation to buy insurance for each phone at this price. since the expected cost of replacing 12 phones without insurance is lower than the cost of insurance for all phones.
How do we find out the expected cost of replacing 12 phones without insurance?We shall first calculate the total value of all the smartphones issued by Supercar Corporation:
Total value of smartphones = $500 x 250 = $125,000
Next, we calculate the cost of insurance for each phone:
Insurance cost per phone per month = $4
Insurance cost per phone per year = $4 x 12 = $48
Total insurance cost for all phones per year = $48 x 250 = $12,000
According to the given information, since the past two years, the company has lost 24 smartphones due to damages.
Let's assume that the probability of a phone being lost due to breakage is the same for all phones, we can calculate the expected number of phones that will be lost in a year:
Expected number of phones lost per year = 24 / 2 = 12
Now, we need to compare the expected cost of replacing 12 phones without insurance to the cost of paying for insurance for all 250 phones:
Expected cost of replacing 12 phones without insurance = 12 x $500 = $6,000
Cost of insurance for all phones per year = $12,000
Since the expected cost of replacing 12 phones without insurance is lower than the cost of insurance for all phones, it does not make sense for Supercar Corporation to buy insurance for each phone at the price.
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In 2020, Kipp invested $65,000 for a 30% interest in a partnership conducting a passive activity. The partnership reported losses of $200,000 in 2020 and $100,000 in 2021, Kipp's share being $60,000 in 2020 and $30,000 in 2021. How much of the losses from the partnership can Kipp deduct assuming he owns no other investments and does not participate in the partnership's operations?
Based on the information provided, we'll consider Kipp's investment, his partnership interest, the reported losses, and his share of those losses to determine the deduction .
Step 1: Identify Kipp's share of losses
Kipp's share of losses in 2020 is $60,000, and his share of losses in 2021 is $30,000.
Step 2: Determine Kipp's basis in the partnership
Kipp invested $65,000 for a 30% interest in the partnership.
Step 3: Assess passive activity loss limitations
Since Kipp does not participate in the partnership's operations, he is subject to passive activity loss limitations.
Step 4: Calculate deductible losses
In 2020, Kipp's share of the loss is $60,000, which is less than his $65,000 investment. He can deduct the full $60,000 loss in 2020, reducing his basis to $5,000.
In 2021, Kipp's share of the loss is $30,000, but his basis is only $5,000. He can deduct only up to his basis, so he can deduct $5,000 in 2021.
In summary, Kipp can deduct $60,000 in losses in 2020 and $5,000 in losses in 2021, totaling $65,000 in deductible losses. The remaining $25,000 loss from 2021 will be carried forward to future years, subject to passive activity loss limitations and Kipp's basis in the partnership.
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Baxter company purchases used equipment from grant company, issuing a non-interest-bearing, $10,000, 5-year note in exchange. baxter uses an incremental borrowing rate of 12%. the present value of $10,000 to be repaid at the end of five years at 12% is $5,674.27. baxter company will record this exchange with
Baxter company will record the exchange of purchasing used equipment from grant company using a non-interest-bearing, $10,000, 5-year note in exchange as follows:
Firstly, Baxter will record the equipment purchased at its fair market value. Assuming the fair market value of the used equipment is also $10,000, Baxter will debit Equipment for $10,000 and credit either Cash or Notes Payable for $10,000.
Next, since the note is non-interest-bearing, Baxter will not record any interest expense or interest payable. Instead, the note will be recorded at its present value, which is $5,674.27. Baxter will debit Notes Payable for $5,674.27 and credit either Cash or Notes Payable for $5,674.27.
The difference between the face value of the note ($10,000) and its present value ($5,674.27) is a discount of $4,325.73. This discount represents the cost of borrowing the money from the grant company at a rate lower than Baxter's incremental borrowing rate of 12%. Baxter will amortize this discount over the life of the note using the effective interest method.
In conclusion, Baxter company will record the exchange of purchasing used equipment from grant company using a non-interest-bearing, $10,000, 5-year note in exchange by recognizing the fair value of the equipment purchased, recording the note at its present value, and amortizing the discount over the life of the note.
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LJ, married, left the Philippines in the middle of the year on July
1, 2020 to go abroad and work there for (5) years. The following data
were provided as of December 31, 2020:
Jan 1 to June 30 Gross Business Income Business Expense
PHs 300,000 100,000
Abroad 200,000 50,000
Jul 1 to Dec 30 Gross Business Income Business Expense
PHs 600,000 150,000
Abroad 400,000 50,000
LJ's total income tax due for the year 2020 is PHP 200,000.
Based on the information provided, LJ earned a total gross income of PHP 1,500,000 (PHP 300,000 + PHP 200,000 for the first half of the year, and PHP 600,000 + PHP 400,000 for the second half of the year). The total business expenses incurred amounted to PHP 350,000 (PHP 100,000 + PHP 50,000 for the first half of the year, and PHP 150,000 + PHP 50,000 for the second half of the year).
To compute for the taxable income, we need to subtract the total business expenses from the total gross income:
Taxable Income = Total Gross Income - Total Business Expenses
Taxable Income = PHP 1,500,000 - PHP 350,000
Taxable Income = PHP 1,150,000
However, since LJ left the Philippines on July 1, 2020, he/she will be considered as a non-resident citizen for tax purposes. Non-resident citizens are taxed only on their income derived from sources within the Philippines.
Thus, LJ's taxable income for the first half of the year will be taxed according to the regular tax rates for residents. On the other hand, LJ's taxable income for the second half of the year will be taxed using the special tax rate for non-resident citizens.
Assuming that LJ is single, below is the computation of the income tax due:
For the first half of the year (January 1 to June 30):
Taxable Income = PHP 300,000 - PHP 100,000
Taxable Income = PHP 200,000
Annual Income Tax for Residents:
On the first PHP 250,000 = 0%
On the next PHP 250,000 = 20%
On the next PHP 500,000 = 25%
On the next PHP 500,000 = 30%
Over PHP 1,500,000 = 35%
Tax due = [(PHP 200,000 - PHP 250,000) x 20%] + PHP 0
Tax due = PHP 0
For the second half of the year (July 1 to December 31):
Taxable Income = PHP 600,000 - PHP 150,000 + PHP 400,000 - PHP 50,000
Taxable Income = PHP 800,000
Annual Income Tax for Non-Residents = 25%
Tax due = PHP 800,000 x 25%
Tax due = PHP 200,000
Therefore, LJ's total income tax due for the year 2020 is PHP 200,000.
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assume you are offered a lease for a car with $227 monthly payments for 36 months after a $2,540 up front (down) payment. the alternative is that you can buy the car for $31,000 and make a $3,200 down payment with 60 payments at 2.49% interest. at the end of the 36 months you would be able to sell the car for $22,750. assume that at the end of 36 months you will make the decision to give the car up. further, assume the car dealership requires $0.15 per mile over 20,000 on the car. if you expect to drive the car for 22,319 miles, what is the net advantage to leasing?
Assuming offered a lease for a car with $227 monthly payments for 36 months after a $2,540 up front (down) payment. The net advantage to leasing is $558.93.
To calculate the net advantage to leasing, we need to compare the total costs of leasing and buying the car over the 36-month period, including any additional costs such as excess mileage charges.
Lease:
Monthly payments = $227
Upfront payment (down payment) = $2,540
Total lease payments over 36 months = $227 x 36 = $8,172
Excess mileage charge = ($0.15 x 2,319) = $347.85
Total cost of leasing = Upfront payment + Total lease payments + Excess mileage charge
Total cost of leasing = $2,540 + $8,172 + $347.85
Total cost of leasing = $11,059.85
Buy:
Purchase price of the car = $31,000
Down payment = $3,200
Loan amount = $31,000 - $3,200 = $27,800
Monthly payments = 27,800 × (0.0249/12) / (1 - (1 + 0.0249/12)^-60) = $501.47
Total payments over 36 months = $501.47 x 36 = $18,050.92
Resale value of the car after 36 months = $22,750
Total cost of buying = Down payment + Total payments - Resale value of the car
Total cost of buying = $3,200 + $18,050.92 - $22,750
Total cost of buying = $10,500.92
The net advantage to leasing is the difference between the total cost of leasing and the total cost of buying:
Net advantage to leasing = Total cost of leasing - Total cost of buying
Net advantage to leasing = $11,059.85 - $10,500.92
Net advantage to leasing = $558.93
Therefore, the net advantage to leasing the car is $558.93.
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An arrangement whereby borrowings are permitted up to a specified limit and for a stated period is known as:
An arrangement whereby borrowings are permitted up to a specified limit and for a stated period is known as "line of credit."
The arrangement you are referring to is called a "line of credit." A line of credit is a type of loan agreement between a borrower and a lender that permits the borrower to borrow up to a specified limit of funds for a specified period, typically at a variable interest rate.
The borrower can draw down on the line of credit as needed, up to the maximum limit, and only pays interest on the amount borrowed.
This type of arrangement is commonly used for short-term working capital needs or to finance specific projects.
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In target pricing, ______. Multiple choice question. Management charges different prices to maximize revenue for a set amount of capacity at any given time. Management marks up all products in a similar fashion since it is impossible to estimate demand for each. Manufacturers deliberately adjust the composition of a product to achieve the estimated price that consumers are willing to pay for it. Management offers a line of products at a number of different specific pricing points
In target pricing, manufacturers deliberately adjust the composition of a product to achieve the estimated price that consumers are willing to pay for it. This pricing strategy involves determining the selling price of a product based on the costs incurred in manufacturing, marketing, and distribution, as well as the profit margins desired by the manufacturer.
Target pricing involves analyzing the market demand for a product and understanding the consumer's willingness to pay for it. The manufacturer then sets the target price and works backwards to determine the maximum cost that can be incurred to produce the product. This approach helps manufacturers optimize profitability while remaining competitive in the market.
Target pricing also allows manufacturers to offer a line of products at a number of different specific pricing points. This approach is particularly useful for companies that want to appeal to a wide range of consumers with different budgets and preferences. By offering products at different price points, manufacturers can increase their market share and capture a larger share of the consumer base.
Overall, target pricing is an effective strategy for manufacturers who want to optimize their profitability while remaining competitive in the market. By understanding consumer demand and setting prices accordingly, manufacturers can appeal to a wide range of consumers while still achieving their desired profit margins.
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Assume Tamarisk, Inc. has the following reported amounts: Sales revenue $1,509,600, Sales returns and allowances $44,400, Cost of goods sold $976,800, and Operating expenses $325,600.
(a) Compute net sales.
(b) Compute gross profit.
(c) Compute income from operations.
(d) Compute the gross profit rate. (Round answer to 1 decimal place, e.g. 25.2%.)
(a) Net sales can be calculated by subtracting sales returns and allowances from sales revenue.
Net sales = Sales revenue - Sales returns and allowances
Net sales = $1,509,600 - $44,400
Net sales = $1,465,200
(b) Gross profit can be calculated by subtracting cost of goods sold from net sales.
Gross profit = Net sales - Cost of goods sold
Gross profit = $1,465,200 - $976,800
Gross profit = $488,400
(c) Income from operations can be calculated by subtracting operating expenses from gross profit.
Income from operations = Gross profit - Operating expenses
Income from operations = $488,400 - $325,600
Income from operations = $162,800
(d) Gross profit rate can be calculated by dividing gross profit by net sales and multiplying by 100.
Gross profit rate = (Gross profit / Net sales) x 100
Gross profit rate = ($488,400 / $1,465,200) x 100
Gross profit rate = 33.3% (rounded to 1 decimal place)
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explain two product considerations that can affect the choice of a promotional mix.
Two product considerations that can affect the choice of a promotional mix are the product's price and its target market.
1. Price: The price of a product can affect the choice of a promotional mix because it can determine the budget available for advertising and promotion. If a product is high-priced, the company may have more resources available to invest in advertising and promotion. On the other hand, if a product is low-priced, the company may have to rely on more cost-effective promotional methods, such as social media marketing or word-of-mouth advertising.
2. Target market: The target market for a product can also affect the choice of a promotional mix. If a product is aimed at a younger demographic, for example, the company may want to use social media platforms to reach this audience. Alternatively, if a product is aimed at an older demographic, the company may choose to use more traditional forms of advertising, such as print or television ads, to reach this audience. Understanding the target market is key to selecting the most effective promotional mix for a product.
Bert owns a bond that will pay him $75 each year in interest plus a $1,000 principal payment at maturity. What is the $1,000 called?.
The $1,000 payment at maturity is called the principal, par value, or face value of the bond. It is the amount that the issuer of the bond has agreed to pay back to the bondholder at the end of the bond's term. In other words, it is the initial investment that Bert made when he purchased the bond.
The principal payment is usually made at the maturity date of the bond, which is the date when the bond expires and the issuer must repay the bondholder the face value of the bond. It is important to note that the value of the bond can fluctuate over time depending on a variety of factors such as interest rates, market conditions, and creditworthiness of the issuer.
Bonds are a popular investment choice for individuals and institutions looking for a steady stream of income and a relatively low-risk investment option. By owning a bond, an investor like Bert is essentially loaning money to the issuer in exchange for regular interest payments and a guaranteed principal payment at maturity.
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To downplay a dependent clause in a complex sentence, you shouldSelect one:A.place it in the middle of the sentence.B.replace it with a noun.C.place it at the beginning of the sentence.D.place it at the end of the sentence.E.set it off with a semicolon.
To downplay a dependent clause in a complex sentence, you should "place it at the end of the sentence" (option c).
When using complex sentences, make sure that dependent clauses don't stand out too much. The entire structure of a complex sentence might be lost if one part takes center stage. Thus, you must downplay a dependent clause in a complex sentence.
Basically, a complex sentence is a sentence that includes at least one independent clause and one dependent clause. An independent clause is a sentence that may stand alone as a complete sentence. On the other hand, a dependent clause is a sentence that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. In simple words, it is dependent on the independent clause to make sense.
Thus, option c is the answer.
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A car manufacturer requires tires. Inventory consumption is constant at 600 tires per day. Lead time is normally distributed with a mean of four days and a standard deviation of one day. If the manufacturer wishes to avoid a stockout with probability P(z < +2.00), what should the reorder point be?
The car manufacturer requires tires and the inventory consumption is constant at 600 tires per day. The lead time is normally distributed with a mean of four days and a standard deviation of one day. The manufacturer wishes to avoid a stockout with probability P(z < +2.00).
We can calculate the reorder point using the following formula:
Reorder point = Mean demand during lead time + Z-score x Standard deviation of lead time demand
Given that the inventory consumption is constant at 600 tires per day, we can calculate the mean demand during lead time as follows:
Mean demand during lead time = Mean lead time x Daily demand
= 4 days x 600 tires per day= 2400 tiresWe are given that the manufacturer wishes to avoid a stockout with probability P(z < +2.00). Using the standard normal distribution table, we can find that the probability P(z < +2.00) is 0.9772. Therefore, the z-score corresponding to this probability is +2.00.
Using the formula for the reorder point, we can now calculate the reorder point as follows:Reorder point = Mean demand during lead time + Z-score x Standard deviation of lead time demand
= 2400 tires + 2.00 x (1 day x 600 tires per day)^0.5
= 2400 tires + 2.00 x 173.2 tires
= 2400 tires + 346.4 tires
= 2746.4 tires
Therefore, the reorder point should be 2746.4 tires.
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Carlos Arruza Company exchanged equipment used in its manufacturing operations plus $3,000 in cash for similar equipment used in the operations of Tony LoBianco Company. The following information pertains to the exchange.
Carlos Arruza Co. Tony LoBianco Co.
Equipment (cost) $28,000 $28,000
Accumulated depreciation 19,000 10,000
Fair value of equipment 12,500 15,500
Cash given up 3,000
a) Prepare the journal entries to record the exchange on the books of both companies. Assume that the exchange lacks commercial substance.
b) Prepare the journal entries to record the exchange on the books of both companies. Assume that the exchange has commercial substance
The entry for Carlos Arruza Co. assuming the exchange lacks commercial substance is Debit: Accumulated Depreciation, Equipment (fair value), Cash & Credit: Equipment (cost). The entry for Tony LoBianco Co. assuming the exchange has commercial substance is Debit: Accumulated Depreciation, Equipment (cost) &Credit: Gain on Exchange, Cash & Equipment (fair value).
a) Assuming the exchange lacks commercial substance:
Carlos Arruza Co. journal entries:
1. Debit: Accumulated Depreciation $19,000
2. Debit: Equipment (fair value) $12,500
3. Debit: Cash $3,000
4. Credit: Equipment (cost) $28,000
Tony LoBianco Co. journal entries:
1. Debit: Accumulated Depreciation $10,000
2. Debit: Equipment (cost) $15,500
3. Credit: Cash $3,000
4. Credit: Equipment (fair value) $28,000
b) Assuming the exchange has commercial substance:
Carlos Arruza Co. journal entries:
1. Debit: Accumulated Depreciation $19,000
2. Debit: Equipment (fair value) $15,500
3. Debit: Loss on Exchange $1,500
4. Debit: Cash $3,000
5. Credit: Equipment (cost) $28,000
Tony LoBianco Co. journal entries:
1. Debit: Accumulated Depreciation $10,000
2. Debit: Equipment (cost) $12,500
3. Credit: Gain on Exchange $1,500
4. Credit: Cash $3,000
5. Credit: Equipment (fair value) $28,000
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1. The stock in Hotel Management, Inc. , a hotel management corporation, was divided equally between two families. For several years, the two families had been unable to agree on or cooperate in the management of the corporation. As a result, no meeting of shareholders or directors had been held for five years. There had been no withdrawal of profits for five years, and last year the hotel operated at a loss. Although the corporation was not insolvent, such a state was imminent because the business was poorly managed and its properties were in need of repair. As a result, the owners of half the stock brought an action in equity for dissolution of the corporation. Will they succeed
It is possible that the owners of half the stock will succeed in their action for dissolution of the corporation.
Under certain circumstances, a court may grant a petition for dissolution of a corporation, such as in cases where the corporation is deadlocked and unable to carry out its business activities.
In this case, the fact that no meetings of shareholders or directors have been held for five years, and the corporation has operated at a loss and is in need of repair, may support a finding of deadlock and mismanagement. However, the court will consider all relevant facts and circumstances before deciding whether to grant the petition for dissolution.
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Lampierre makes silver and gold candlesticks. The company computed this information to decide whether to switch from the traditional allocation method to ABC. Silver and Gold, respectively. Units planned 500, 250. Material moves 250, 750. Machine setups 5,600, 4,400. Direct labor hours 500, 1,500. The estimated overhead for the material cost pool is estimated as $45,000, and the estimate for the machine setup pool is $55,000. Calculate the allocation rate per unit of silver and per unit of gold using:Silver GoldUnits planned 500 250Material moves 250 750 Machine setups 5,600 4,400Direct labor hours 500 1,500What the Overhead per unit for Silver, using ABC?
What the Overhead per unit for Gold, using Traditional?
Overhead per unit for silver using is $84.10 per unit and Overhead per unit for gold using traditional allocation is $225 per unit.
To calculate the overhead allocation rates per unit using ABC, we need to divide the estimated overhead costs for each cost pool by the total activity for that pool:
Allocation rate for material cost pool = $45,000 / 1,000 material moves = $45 per material move
Allocation rate for machine setup cost pool = $55,000 / 10,000 machine setups = $5.50 per machine setup
Using these allocation rates, we can calculate the overhead per unit for silver:
Overhead for silver using ABC = (250 material moves x $45 per material move) + (5,600 machine setups x $5.50 per machine setup) = $11,250 + $30,800 = $42,050
Overhead per unit for silver using ABC = $42,050 / 500 units planned = $84.10 per unit
To calculate the overhead per unit for gold using the traditional allocation method, we need to allocate the total overhead costs based on the direct labor hours for each product:
Total direct labor hours = 500 + 1,500 = 2,000
Direct labor hours for gold = 1,500 / 2,000 x total overhead costs = $75,000 x 0.75 = $56,250
Overhead per unit for gold using traditional allocation = $56,250 / 250 units planned = $225 per unit
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