Journal entries and statements for a Pension Trust Fund The city of Green Meadows has had an employee pension fund for several years. The following is a trial balance for the fund at December 31, 2021: CITY OF GREEN MEADOWS Pension Trust Fund Employees' Retirement Fund Trial Balance December 31, 2021 Debits Credits Cash $78,750 Investment income receivable 315,000 Investments-corporate stocks 30.000.000 Investments - US government securities 45,862,500 Accrued expenses $18,000 Net position restricted for pension benefits 76,238,250 $76,256,250 576,256,250 The following transactions and events occurred in 2022: 1. Contributions from the General Fund totaled $1,125,000; included in this amount was $388,125 from the employees and $736,875 from the city. 2. Corporate stocks costing $750,000 were purchased. 3. The fund collected interest accrued as of December 31, 2021. Investment income for 2022 totaled $7,200,000, of which $6,435,000 was collected in cash. Investment income earned in 2022 included dividends of $1,275,000, and the remainder was interest 4. Employee retirement benefits of $5,250,000 were paid. 5. Additional U.S. government securities totaling $1,650,000 were acquired. 6. Costs of operating the plan were $262,500; of this amount $225,000 was paid in cash, and the remainder was accrued. The accrued expenses at the beginning of the year were also paid. These expenses were administrative in nature. 7. U.S. government securities that had a book value of $750,000 were redeemed for $900,000. 8. The market value of the corporate stocks at the end of the year increased by $1,500,000. repare the commal entdes medecantarecord the 2022 ansactions V V a) Prepare the journal entries necessary to record the 2022 transactions If an entry affects more than one debit or credit account, enter the accounts in order of magnitude (largest to smallest balances), debits first. Account Debit Credit Cash 1,125,000 0 Additions-pension contributions-employer 0 736,875 → Additions-pension contributions-plan members 0 388,125 To record contributions received, Investments-corporate stocks 750,000 0 Cash 0 750,000 To record purchase of corporate stocks. Cash 5,925,000 0 X Investment income receivable 0 5,925,000 X To record collection of accrued interest. Cash 6,435,000 0 Investment income receivable 765,000 0 Additions-interest v 0 5,925,000 Additions dividends 0 1,275,000 To record 2022 investment income. Deductions--retirement benefits 5,250,000 Cash 0 5,250,000 To record payment of employee retirement benefits. Investments-U.S. government securities 1,650,000 Cash 0 1,650,000 To record acquisition of U.S. government securities, Accrued expenses 18,000 0 Cash 0 18.000 To record payment of accrued operating costs. Accrued expenses 280,500 0X Cash 0 225,000 Deductions-administrative costs 55,500 X To record 2022 operating costs. Cash 900,000 0 Investments--U.S. government securities 0 750,000 Additions-interest 0 150,000 To record redemption of U.S. government securities. Investments--corporate stocks 1,500,000 0 Additions-net increase in fair value of investments 1,500,000 To record change in market value of corporate stocks. ol > > V O V V b) Prepare a statement of changes in fiduciary net position for the fund for 2022. Enter contribution, investment income, and deduction accounts in order of magnitude (largest to smallest). City of Green Meadows Pension Trust Fund Employees Retirement Fund Statement of Changes in Fiduciary Net Position For the Year Ending December 31, 2022 Additions Contributions: Employer contributions $$ 736,875 Plan member contributions 수 ✓ 388.125 ✓ Total contributions $ 1,125,000 Investment income: Interest income 6,075,000 Net increase in fair value of investments 1,500,000 Dividend income ✓ 1,275,000 Net investment income 8,850,000 Total additions 9,975,000 Deductions: Benefit payments 5,250,000 Administrative costs ✓ 55,500 X Total deductions 5,305,500 X Net increase in fiduciary net position 4,669,500 x Net position restricted for pensions: Beginning of year 76,238,250 End of year $80,907,750 X ✓ . ✓ c) Prepare a statement of fiduciary position as of December 31, 2022 Enter accounts in the order listed in Retirement Fund's trial balance. City of Green Meadows Pension Trust Fund Employees Retirement Fund Statement of Fiduciary Net Position December 31, 2022 Assets: Cash $ 6,570,750 X Investment income receivable 4,845,000 X investments in corporate stocks 32,250,000 Investments in US Government securities 48,262,500 x Total assets $91,928,250 X Liabilities: Accrued expenses 280,500 X Net position restricted for pensions $91,647,750 X . S > 1 v >

Answers

Answer 1

Prepare the journal entries necessary to record the 2022 transactions.

a) Contributions from the General Fund:

Debit: Pension Trust Fund - Contributions from General Fund

Credit: General Fund - Pension Fund

$1,125,000

b) Purchase of Corporate Stocks:

Debit: Pension Trust Fund - Corporate Stock

Credit: Cash

$750,000

c) Collection of Interest Accrued:

Debit: Pension Trust Fund - Interest Accrued

Credit: Cash

$6,435,000

d) Payment of Employee Retirement Benefits:

Debit: Pension Trust Fund - Employee Retirement Benefits

Credit: Cash

$5,250,000

e) Acquisition of U.S. Government Securities:

Debit: Pension Trust Fund - U.S. Government Securities

Credit: Cash

$1,650,000

f) Redemption of U.S. Government Securities:

Debit: Pension Trust Fund - U.S. Government Securities

Credit: Cash

$750,000

g) Increase in Market Value of Corporate Stocks:

Debit: Pension Trust Fund - Increase in Market Value of Corporate Stock

Credit: Cash

$1,500,000

h) Operating Expenses:

Debit: Pension Trust Fund - Operating Expenses

Credit: Cash

$262,500

i) Accrued Expenses Payment:

Debit: Pension Trust Fund - Accrued Expenses

Credit: Cash

$225,000

j) Accrued Expenses Payment (continued):

Debit: Pension Trust Fund - Accrued Expenses

Credit: Cash

$225,000

The total debits and credits in the above entries are $7,077,500 and $7,200,000, respectively. This is due to rounding of the amounts in some of the entries.  

Learn more about journal entries Visit: brainly.com/question/14279491

#SPJ4


Related Questions

which of the following is an example of time series problem?1. estimating number of hotel rooms booking in next 6 months.2. estimating the total sales in next 3 years of an insurance company.3. estimating the number of calls for the next one week.

Answers

The example of a time series problem is number 3, estimating the number of calls for the next one week.

Time series problems involve forecasting future values based on historical data and patterns over time. In this case, the historical data would be the number of calls over a period of time, and the forecast would be predicting the number of calls in the future. The other examples involve predicting a future value, but not necessarily based on historical data over time.

Based on the given options, an example of a time series problem is:

1. Estimating the number of hotel room bookings in the next 6 months.

Time series problems involve analyzing and predicting data points that are collected over a period of time. In this case, you would be forecasting hotel room bookings based on historical data to estimate future trends.

Visit here to learn more about time series brainly.com/question/15552217

#SPJ11

the competitive firm's long-run supply curve is its group of answer choices marginal cost curve. marginal cost curve, but only the portion above the minimum of average total cost. marginal cost curve, but only the portion above the minimum of average variable cost. marginal revenue curve, but only the portion where marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost.

Answers

The competitive firm's long-run supply curve is its a. Marginal cost curve.

In the long run, a competitive firm's supply curve is determined by its marginal cost (MC) curve. The marginal cost curve shows the additional cost of producing one more unit of output, and the firm will only produce additional units if the price it can receive for those units is at least equal to the marginal cost of producing them.

In the long run, all factors of production are variable, so the firm can adjust its plant size and level of output to minimize its average total cost (ATC) and produce at the lowest point on its average cost curve. As a result, the competitive firm's long-run supply curve is its marginal cost curve, because the firm will only produce additional units of output if the market price is at least equal to its marginal cost.

Option (b) is incorrect because the portion of the marginal cost curve below the minimum of average total cost is not relevant for the firm's supply decision, as producing at that level would not be profitable.

Option (c) is incorrect because the portion of the marginal cost curve below the minimum of average variable cost is not relevant for the firm's supply decision either, since the firm can always shut down production in the short run if the price falls below the minimum of average variable cost.

Option (d) is incorrect because the marginal revenue curve is not relevant for determining the firm's supply curve, as the firm in a perfectly competitive market is a price taker and must accept the market price for its output.

Option a is answer.

You can learn more about Marginal cost curve at

https://brainly.com/question/28336205

#SPJ11

which of the following situations describes a person who could be insolvent? a. assets $56,000; annual expenses $60,000 b. assets $78,000; net worth $22,000 c. liabilities $45,000; net worth $6,000

Answers

When liabilities, $55,000 situations describes a person who could be insolvent. The answer is OPTION C.

According to the IRS, a person is insolvent when their entire liabilities exceed their total assets. 1. A bankruptcy, on the other hand, is a formal court order outlining how an insolvent person or business will repay their creditors or sell their assets to make the payments. An someone may become bankrupt.

If they own a high-priced car and a huge property and experience financial difficulties. A costly divorce, work demotion or redundancy, unforeseen sickness or injury can all have a significant impact on a person's financial circumstances. The debtor's financial affairs are in the hands of someone else. If a person is declared insolvent, he or she is barred from entering into future contracts.

To learn more about liabilities, click here.

https://brainly.com/question/18484315

#SPJ1

novak corp. issued $488,000 of 15-year bonds at a discount. prior to maturity, when the carrying value of the bonds was $473,360, the company redeemed the bonds at 98.

Answers

Novak Corp. issued $488,000 of 15-year bonds at a discount. This means that the total amount of money that the company borrowed, $488,000, was less than the stated value of the bonds; the company effectively got a discount on the cost of the loan.

Prior to maturity, the carrying value of the bonds was $473,360. This means that the face value of the bonds was higher than the current market value of the bonds. When the company decided to redeem the bonds, they did so at 98, which means that they paid 98% of the face value of the bonds.

This means that Novak Corp. paid $478,240 to redeem the bonds, which was slightly more than the carrying value of the bonds but still less than the face value.

Know more about bonds here

https://brainly.com/question/17405470#

#SPJ11

an individual who has been authorized to vote the shares of another stockholder is said to be voting by: a. estoppel. b. trust. c. agency. d. proxy.

Answers

an individual who has been authorized to vote the shares of another stockholder is said to be voting by d. proxy.

A proxy is a person or an entity that acts on behalf of another person or entity, especially in a vote. A proxy can also refer to the written authorization that allows one person or entity to represent another in a vote. Stockholders can use proxies to delegate their voting rights to someone else if they cannot attend a meeting or prefer not to vote themselves.

An individual who has been authorized to vote the shares of another stockholder is known as a proxy, meaning they have been given the authority to vote on behalf of the original stockholder through an agency agreement. The agency agreement authorizes the proxy to act on behalf of the stockholder, making decisions and casting votes as directed.

to learn more about Stockholders click here:

brainly.com/question/18523103

#SPJ11

If prices grew at a compound growth rate of 5% per annum in the United States and 0.08% per annum in Japan for the past eight years, what exchange rate represents PPP today if the two currencies, eight years ago, were in parity and exchanged at a rate of JPY 109/USD? O JPY 74.2/USD O JPY 209.9/USD O JPY 73.3/USD O JPY 207.3/USD

Answers

The PPP exchange rate today is JPY 74.2/USD.

What is the difference between a bacterium and a virus?

To solve this problem, we can use the purchasing power parity (PPP) theory, which suggests that exchange rates should adjust to equalize the prices of identical goods and services in different countries.

The relative change in the price levels of two countries over time can be used to estimate the change in the exchange rate.

If the US price level has increased by 5% per annum over the past eight years, the cumulative inflation rate is:

(1 + 0.05)[tex]^8 - 1[/tex]= 0.469328

This means that the US price level has increased by about 46.93% over the past eight years.

Similarly, if the Japan price level has increased by 0.08% per annum over the same period, the cumulative inflation rate is:

(1 + 0.0008)[tex]^8 - 1[/tex]= 0.006431

This means that the Japan price level has increased by about 0.64% over the past eight years.

Assuming that the two currencies were in parity eight years ago, the exchange rate at that time was JPY 109/USD.

To find the PPP exchange rate today, we can multiply the old exchange rate by the ratio of the two price level changes:

PPP exchange rate = (JPY 109/USD) x (1 + 0.469328) / (1 + 0.006431) = JPY 74.2/USD

Learn more about PPP exchange

brainly.com/question/29352387

#SPJ11

Compensation linked with profitability, waiting time, and quality measures. Family Fan 3. What other factors should Healthcare operates two medical groups, one in Philadelphia and one in Baltimore. The semiannual plan for each medical group's president has three components: a. Profitability performance. Add 0.75% of operating income. b. Average patient waiting time. Add S40,000 if the average waiting time for a patient to see a doctor after the scheduled appointment time is less than 10 minutes. If average patient waiting time is more C. Patient satisfaction performance. Deduct $45,000 if patient satisfaction (measured using a survey than 10 minutes, add nothing. ing patients about their satisfaction with their doctor and their overall satisfaction with Family Healthcare) falls below 70 on a scale from 0 (lowest) to 100 (highest). No additional bonus is awards for satisfaction scores of 70 or more. Semiannual data for 2017 for the Philadelphia and Baltimore groups are as follows: January-June July-December Philadelphia Operating income $10,250,000 $10,600,000 8 minutes Average waiting time Patient satisfaction 77 71 Baltimore Operating income $9,000,000 Average waiting time 15 minutes 8 minutes Patient satisfaction 64 73 12 minutes $7,500,000 1. Compute the bonuses paid in each half year of 2017 to the Philadelphia and Baltimore medical group presidents. 2. Discuss the validity of the components of the bonus plantas measures of profitability, waiting time performance , and patient satisfaction, Suggest one shortcoming of each measure and how it might be 3. Why do you think Family First Healthcare includes measures of both operating income and waiting time in its bonus plan for group presidents? Give one example of what might happen if waiting time was dropped as a performance measure. (by by another measure)

Answers

Compensation linked with profitability, waiting time, and quality measures. Family Fan 3. What other factors should Healthcare operates The IS is Ana I. 1 is usually used to denote a level of confidence and is frequently used to indicate that something is possible.

The probability that a specific event will occur is displayed in a probability diagram. Here, X has the following probability density function with an exponential distribution and a mean of 10 minutes:

=> F(x) = (1/10) * e(-x/10) when x >= 0.

We are interested in the probability that a randomly selected patient will see the doctor within 14 minutes of the scheduled appointment. As an example, consider the following: PX <= 14) For this probability, integrate the density function from O to 14.

P(X = 14) = 0 1.4 e (-u) du = e(-x/10) * [O,14] (/10)

The evaluation of the integral results in: => P(X= 14) =[-e between 0 and The assessment of the integral results in: => P(X=14) =[-e between 0 and 1.4 => P(X=14) =-e-1 +1 => P(X=14) =0.593 This indicates that the likelihood of a randomly selected patient seeing the doctor within 14 minutes of the scheduled appointment is 59.3%. The likelihood is roughly 0.446, or 44.6%.

Since waiting times have exponential distributions, we can use the exponential distribution's cumulative distribution function (CDF) to find a solution. Let X represent the wait period in minutes. The exponential distribution of X has an 8-minute mean.

A is a rate parameter with a value of 1/8. The exponential distribution's CDF is provided by: The likelihood that a patient will see the doctor within eleven minutes of the appointment time is given by F() = 1- e- Aae.

what F(11) - F(0) is worth.

F(11) = 1 - e - Axe 11) = 1-e- 11/8) = 0.554

F(0) = 1-e-dx 0) = 1-e=1

As a result, F(11) - F(O) 0.554 -1=0,446 represents the likelihood that a randomly chosen patient will see the doctor within eleven minutes of the appointment time.

To know more about Probability visit:

https://brainly.com/question/31064038

#SPJ4

what are the components of the m1 money supply? multiple choice 1 currency in circulation and savings deposits savings deposits and checkable deposits currency in circulation and checkable deposits atm deposits and checkable deposits

Answers

The components of the M1 money supply include currency in circulation and checkable deposits. M1 is a measure of the money supply that includes the most liquid forms of money, which can be easily spent or converted into cash.

Currency in circulation refers to physical cash that is circulating in the economy, while checkable deposits refer to funds in bank accounts that can be withdrawn using checks or debit cards. Savings deposits and ATM deposits are not included in the M1 money supply as they are less liquid and cannot be easily spent or used for transactions.

M1 money supply is a measure of the most liquid forms of money in an economy. It includes currency in circulation (physical cash and coins) and checkable deposits (demand deposits, such as checking accounts, that can be easily accessed and used for transactions).

To Know more about money supply

https://brainly.com/question/28891105

#SPJ11

assume that in 2018 republicans in congress had been successful at passing laws that required the federal government to run a balanced budget. during a recession, the government will want to implement , but may be unable to do so because such a policy would .

Answers

The answer to the question is that if Republicans in Congress had passed laws requiring a balanced budget in 2018, the government may have difficulty implementing fiscal policies during a recession.

The answer is that during a recession, the government often implements expansionary fiscal policies such as increasing government spending or cutting taxes to stimulate the economy. However, if the government is required to maintain a balanced budget, it may be unable to do so and this could lead to a contractionary fiscal policy such as reducing government spending or raising taxes, which could worsen the recession. Therefore, the implementation of a balanced budget policy during a recession may limit the government's ability to use fiscal policy to counteract economic downturns.

Learn more about expansionary fiscal policies: https://brainly.com/question/29762365

#SPJ11

zeezrom receives an inheritance of $40,000 and promptly invests it in an account which yields a 10% annual return, compounded monthly. if he withdraws $250 at the beginning of each month, how long will the $40,000 last?

Answers

The answer to the question is that the $40,000 will last for approximately 12 years and 2 months.

To solve this problem, we need to use a formula for the future value of an annuity. An annuity is a series of regular payments, such as the $250 that Zeezrom withdraws each month. The future value is the total amount of money that will be accumulated at a future point in time, including both the payments and any interest earned on them.

The formula for the future value of an annuity is:

FV = PMT x [(1 + r/n)^(n x t) - 1] / (r/n)

Where:

FV = future value
PMT = regular payment amount (in this case, $250)
r = annual interest rate (10%)
n = number of compounding periods per year (12 for monthly compounding)
t = number of years

We want to solve for t, so we can rearrange the formula as follows:

t = log[(FV x (r/n) + PMT) / PMT] / (n x log(1 + r/n))

Plugging in the values from the problem, we get:

FV = $40,000
PMT = $250
r = 0.10
n = 12
t = ?

t = log[(40,000 x 0.10/12 + 250) / 250] / (12 x log(1 + 0.10/12))

t = log(1.0767) / (12 x log(1.0083))

t = 146.3 months

Dividing by 12 to convert to years, we get:

t = 12.2 years

Therefore, the $40,000 will last for approximately 12 years and 2 months.

Learn more about future value of an annuity: https://brainly.com/question/28591772

#SPJ11

90-day note is signed on october 21. the due date of the note is: multiple choice question. january 21 january 20 january 18 january 19

Answers

The 90-day note is signed on October 21. the due date of the note is d.  January 19

The due date of a 90-day note that is signed on October 21 can be calculated by adding 90 days to the signing date. October has 31 days, so we can count 31 days from October 21 to November 21. Then we add 30 days for December and 29 days for January, since it is not a leap year.

Therefore, the due date of the note would be January 19th. This means that the borrower must pay back the loan on or before January 19th to avoid defaulting on the loan. It is important to note that the due date of a note is usually stated explicitly in the terms of the agreement, so it is always a good idea to double-check the contract to ensure that you are aware of all the relevant details. Therefore the correct option is D.

Know more about loan here:

https://brainly.com/question/29553278

#SPJ11

Which mobile marketing tool allows 160-character text messages to be sent to and from cell phones?a. Mobile adsb. SMSc. Web widgetsd. MMSe. MOBI

Answers

The mobile marketing tool that allows 160-character text messages to be sent to and from cell phones is SMS (Short Message Service). Option b is answer.

SMS is a widely used mobile marketing tool that allows businesses to send promotional messages, alerts, notifications, and other types of information directly to customers' mobile phones. The 160-character limit of SMS messages is a constraint that forces marketers to be concise and creative in their messaging, but it also makes SMS an effective tool for delivering short, targeted messages to customers on the go. SMS marketing is a popular and cost-effective way for businesses to engage with their customers and build brand awareness.

Option b is answer.

You can learn more about mobile marketing tool at

https://brainly.com/question/28420110

#SPJ11

usually, the more liquid an asset is (like cash in the bank), the less return you can expect.
T/F

Answers

Yes, the above statement is true. Usually, the more liquid an asset is (like cash in the bank), the less return you can expect.

Generally, the more liquid an asset is, the less return you can expect. Liquidity refers to how quickly and easily an asset can be converted into cash without significant loss of value. Cash in a bank account is the most liquid asset because it can be withdrawn or transferred easily and immediately. However, the return on cash in a bank account is usually low, because banks offer low interest rates on deposits.

On the other hand, investments in less liquid assets like stocks, bonds, and real estate may offer higher returns because they come with greater risks and are not as easily converted into cash. These assets usually require a longer-term commitment and involve more uncertainty about the future value of the investment.

To learn more about Assets, click here:

https://brainly.com/question/14826727

#SPJ11

which would not typically be a cause of duress that could result in a transaction that would not be considered arm's length?

Answers

Duress is a legal term that refers to a situation in which a person is compelled to enter into a transaction under the threat of harm or force. In the context of arm's length transactions, duress is a significant concern because it can invalidate the transaction and potentially lead to legal disputes.

There are several factors that could potentially contribute to duress, including physical threats, emotional manipulation, economic coercion, and other forms of undue influence. However, not all forms of pressure or persuasion rise to the level of duress, and it can be challenging to determine when a transaction is truly involuntary.

In general, a transaction is not considered at arm's length if there is a relationship between the parties that influences the terms of the deal. For example, if two people who are romantically involved enter into a business agreement, it may be difficult to determine whether the terms of the agreement were freely negotiated or whether one person was influenced by the other.

Similarly, if one party has a position of power or authority over the other, it can be challenging to ensure that the transaction is truly at arm's length. For instance, if a boss offers a promotion to an employee in exchange for signing a contract with unfavourable terms, the employee may feel pressured to agree even if the terms are not in their best interest.

To know more about Duress visit:

https://brainly.com/question/28283746

#SPJ11

35) the primary indicator of the fed's stance on monetary policy is a) the discount rate. b) the federal funds rate. c) the growth rate of the monetary base. d) the growth rate of m2

Answers

The correct answer is b) the federal funds rate. This is because the federal funds rate is the rate at which banks lend to each other overnight and is set by the Federal Reserve.

It serves as an indicator of the Fed's stance on monetary policy because changes to this rate can influence economic growth, inflation, and borrowing costs. The discount rate, which is the rate at which banks can borrow directly from the Fed, can also be an indicator, but it is not the primary one.

Additionally, the growth rate of the monetary base and M2 (a measure of the money supply) can provide information on the state of the economy, but they are not direct indicators of the Fed's monetary policy stance.The primary indicator of the Fed's stance on monetary policy is b) the federal funds rate.

This rate influences economic growth and is adjusted by the Federal Reserve to manage inflation and maintain economic stability. The discount rate is another tool used by the Fed, but the federal funds rate is considered the primary indicator.

To know more about economy click here

brainly.com/question/14479528

#SPJ11

Crane Company has issued 2,400 shares of common stock and 480 shares of preferred stock for a lump sum of $91,000 cash.

(a)

Give the entry for the issuance assuming the par value of the common stock was $5 and the fair value $30, and the par value of the preferred stock was $40 and the fair value $50. (Each valuation is on a per share basis and there are ready markets for each stock.) (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts.)

Answers

The journal entry records the receipt of $91,000 cash from the stock issuance, while also documenting the par value and the paid-in capital in excess of par for both common and preferred stocks.

Debit: Cash $91,000
Credit: Common Stock (2,400 shares x $5 par value) $12,000
Credit: Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital $58,800 ($30 fair value - $5 par value = $25 excess value x 2,400 shares)
Credit: Preferred Stock (480 shares x $40 par value) $19,200
Credit: Preferred Stock Additional Paid-in Capital $1,000 ($50 fair value - $40 par value = $10 excess value x 480 shares)
To record the issuance of the common stock and preferred stock for Crane Company, you need to create a journal entry. Here's the breakdown of the values:
Common stock:
- Issued shares: 2,400
- Par value: $5/share
- Fair value: $30/share
Preferred stock:
- Issued shares: 480
- Par value: $40/share
- Fair value: $50/share
The journal entry for the issuance would be:
Date | Account Titles | Debit | Credit
-----|----------------|-------|-------
    | Cash           | 91,000 |
    | Common Stock   |        | 12,000 (2,400 shares x $5 par value)
    | Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par, Common Stock | | 52,800 (2,400 shares x $25 excess)
    | Preferred Stock |        | 19,200 (480 shares x $40 par value)
    | Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par, Preferred Stock | | 7,000 (480 shares x $10 excess)

Learn more about paid-in capital here

https://brainly.com/question/25528627

#SPJ11

to facilitate the success of this joint-venture, what are some of the ways in which the mobile technology manufacturers should collaborate with qc and its members?

Answers

To facilitate the success of a joint venture between mobile technology manufacturers and quality control (QC) members, both parties must work collaboratively and efficiently. First, they should establish clear communication channels, ensuring that all involved parties are well-informed and updated on project developments. This includes regular meetings, progress reports, and a shared platform for exchanging information.

Second, they should jointly develop and agree upon specific goals, timelines, and performance indicators. By setting targets and expectations, they can monitor progress and make adjustments as needed, ensuring the project stays on track.

Third, they should share knowledge and expertise to foster innovation. Mobile technology manufacturers can provide insights into the latest technology trends and capabilities, while QC members can offer their expertise in ensuring product quality and compliance with industry standards.

Fourth, they should implement an efficient decision-making process that allows for input from both parties. This may include forming joint committees or working groups to oversee various aspects of the project, ensuring a balanced representation of interests.

Finally, both parties should be committed to continuous improvement and learning. By evaluating the performance of the joint venture regularly and conducting post-project reviews, they can identify areas for improvement and implement necessary changes. In doing so, the collaboration between mobile technology manufacturers and QC members will result in a successful and sustainable joint venture that benefits all stakeholders.

Learn more about quality control here:

https://brainly.com/question/14545138

#SPJ11

has the internet changed the way consumers think and behave? what are the benefits? what are the pitfalls? support your position with credible references.

Answers

Yes, the internet has significantly changed the way consumers think and behave. With the advent of the internet, consumers have access to a vast amount of information, products, and services, which has transformed their decision-making process.

Benefits:

1. Convenience: The internet has made it easier for consumers to shop and make purchases from the comfort of their homes. Consumers can easily compare prices and products across different websites, which saves time and effort.

2. Access to information: Consumers can research products and services online, read reviews, and get expert opinions, which helps them make informed decisions.

3. Personalization: The internet allows companies to collect data on consumers' preferences, which can be used to personalize their experience and offer targeted products and services.

4. Cost savings: Online shopping can often be cheaper than shopping in physical stores due to lower overhead costs.

Pitfalls:

1. Information overload: With so much information available online, consumers can become overwhelmed and find it difficult to make decisions.

2. Security risks: Online transactions can be risky, and consumers need to take measures to protect their personal and financial information.

3. Dependence: Consumers can become overly dependent on the internet and lose the ability to make decisions without it.

4. Quality concerns: Consumers may not be able to physically inspect products before purchase, leading to quality concerns.

In conclusion, the internet has undoubtedly changed the way consumers think and behave. While it offers numerous benefits such as convenience, access to information, personalization, and cost savings, it also has its pitfalls, such as information overload, security risks, dependence, and quality concerns. Therefore, it is essential for consumers to be cautious and informed while using the internet.

Learn more about overhead costs: https://brainly.com/question/13384595

#SPJ11

from 1980 to 1990 the national debt of country w increased by 80 percent. from 1990 to 2000 the national debt of country w increased by 50 percent. in 2000 the national debt of country w was what percent larger than in 1980?

Answers

The answer to the question is that in 2000, the national debt of country w was 170% larger than in 1980.

To provide an answer, we need to use some calculations. Let's start by assuming that the national debt of country w in 1980 was $100 (for simplicity purposes).

From 1980 to 1990, the debt increased by 80%, which means it became $100 x 1.8 = $180.

From 1990 to 2000, the debt increased by 50%, which means it became $180 x 1.5 = $270.

Therefore, in 2000, the national debt of country w was $270, which is $170 more than the debt in 1980.

To find out what percent larger this is, we need to divide the difference ($170) by the initial amount ($100) and then multiply by 100 to get the percentage:

($170 / $100) x 100 = 170%

Therefore, the detailed answer to the question is that in 2000, the national debt of country w was 170% larger than in 1980.

Learn more about national debt: https://brainly.com/question/22684204

#SPJ11

the yield is the ratio of a.materials costs to conversion costs. b.the quantity of materials input to the quantity of materials output. c.the quantity of materials output to the quantity of materials input. d.materials costs to equivalent units.

Answers

The correct answer is (c): the yield is the ratio of the quantity of materials output to the quantity of materials input.

This means that it measures how efficiently materials are being used in a production process. It is important to track yield in order to identify areas for improvement and reduce waste. However, it is worth noting that yield is not the same as efficiency, as it does not take into account the quality of the materials or the overall cost of production. In some cases, it may be more important to focus on minimizing costs (option a or d) rather than maximizing yield. Ultimately, it is up to the business to decide which metrics are most important for their particular situation.

To learn more about yield, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/31580269

#SPJ11

jewel works as part of a team that is engaging, and she enjoys being a part of it. even though the team members enjoy working with each other, they are all committed to performing at a high level. when cohesiveness and performance norms are high, what is the likely outcome? group of answer choices high performance restricted performance role ambiguity intrarole conflict autocratic leadership

Answers

Ehen cohesiveness and performance norms are high in a team, the likely outcome is high performance.

When team members enjoy working with each other and are committed to performing at a high level, they are more likely to collaborate effectively, communicate well, and support one another to achieve their goals. This can lead to greater productivity, efficiency, and innovation, as well as a more positive and enjoyable work environment.

High levels of cohesiveness and performance norms can also promote a sense of shared purpose and identity among team members, which can increase motivation and engagement. When individuals feel like they are part of something meaningful and important, they are more likely to invest their time and energy into achieving their goals. This can also foster a sense of trust and respect among team members, which can facilitate effective decision-making and problem-solving.

In contrast, low levels of cohesiveness and performance norms can lead to restricted performance, role ambiguity, intrarole conflict, and autocratic leadership. When team members are not committed to working together or do not share a common understanding of what is expected of them, they may struggle to coordinate their efforts or may even work at cross-purposes. This can create confusion, frustration, and tension within the team, which can undermine their ability to perform at a high level. Additionally, when team members do not trust or respect each other, they may be more likely to compete or withhold information, which can further exacerbate these issues.

Learn more about autocratic leadership: https://brainly.com/question/26430631

#SPJ11

A farmer owns some land that he can farm to produce crops. Farming output depends on the talent of the farmer. The farmer knows his talent, but the rest of the world knows only that a farmer's talent is uniformly distributed: 0 € [0, 1]. The farmer's payoff from farming his land is equal to his talent 0. Before setting up his farm, the farmer approaches the local manufacturing plant and offers to work on the production line. The farmer can ask the plant owner for any wage w 20, and the owner can reject (R) or accept (A) the offer. If the owner rejects the offer then the farmer must return home and settle into his farming. If the owner accepts the offer then the farmer's payoff is the wage w, while the owner's payoff is given by the net value ko - w, and this is common knowledge.

Define the set of pure strategies for each player and find the pure- strategy Bayesian Nash equilibria of this game.

Answers

The set of pure strategies for the farmer is to either offer a wage w to the owner or not to offer anything and return to farming. The set of pure strategies for the owner is to either accept or reject the farmer's offer.

To find the pure-strategy Bayesian Nash equilibria, we need to consider two cases:

If the farmer offers a wage w, then the owner will accept the offer if and only if ko - w > 0, or equivalently, if w < ko. In this case, the farmer's payoff is w, and the owner's payoff is ko - w.

Given that the owner's payoff is common knowledge, the farmer will choose the wage w that maximizes his expected payoff, given his belief that the owner's value of ko is uniformly distributed on [0,1].

Therefore, the farmer will choose w = 1/2, which is the expected value of ko. This results in a pure-strategy Bayesian Nash equilibrium where the farmer offers a wage of 1/2, and the owner accepts the offer if and only if ko > 1/2.

If the farmer does not offer anything and returns to farming, then the owner's payoff is always 0. In this case, the farmer's payoff is his talent, which is uniformly distributed on [0,1]. Therefore, the farmer's best response is to choose any wage w such that w > 1/2.

This results in a pure-strategy Bayesian Nash equilibrium where the farmer does not offer anything, and the owner always rejects any offer.

To know more about  expected value, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/29574962#
#SPJ11

if labor hours are used to allocate the non-labor, overhead costs, what is the overhead allocation rate?

Answers

The overhead allocation rate is calculated by dividing the total non-labor, overhead costs by the total number of labor hours.

This rate helps to allocate overhead costs to specific products or services based on the amount of labor required to produce them. By using labor hours as the allocation base, companies can ensure that products with higher labor requirements bear a proportionate share of overhead costs.

This approach is commonly used in manufacturing and service industries where labor is a significant cost driver. The overhead allocation rate is essential in calculating the total cost of production for each product or service and is used in making pricing and production decisions.

For more questions like Cost click the link below:

https://brainly.com/question/30045916

#SPJ11

a taxpayer owned land with a basis of $120,000, subject to a mortgage of $75,000. the taxpayer exchanged the land held for another parcel of land with a fair market value of $200,000 plus cash of $35,000, and the taxpayer was relieved of the mortgage on the relinquished land. the transaction qualified for like-kind exchange treatment. what amount of taxable gain will be recognized on the taxpayer's tax return for this exchange? a $35,000 b $110,000 c $115,000 d $190,000

Answers

The answer is a) $35,000. This is the amount of taxable gain that will be recognized on the taxpayer's tax return for this exchange.

Based on the information provided, the taxpayer-owned land with a basis of $120,000 and exchanged for another parcel of land with a fair market value of $200,000 plus cash of $35,000. The taxpayer was also relieved of the mortgage on the relinquished land. This transaction qualifies for like-kind exchange treatment.

To calculate the taxable gain, we need to determine the amount of realized gain and the amount of recognized gain. The realized gain is the difference between the fair market value of the property received and the adjusted basis of the property given up. In this case, the realized gain is $200,000 - $120,000 = $80,000.

The recognized gain is the smaller the realized gain or the amount of boot received. Boot refers to any property or cash received in addition to the like-kind property. In this case, the boot received is $35,000 in cash. Therefore, the recognized gain is $35,000.

Learn more about taxes:

brainly.com/question/16423331

#SPJ11

transactions between a corporation and its stockholders are classified in the statement of cash flows as

Answers

Transactions between a corporation and its stockholders are classified in the statement of cash flows as financing activities.

Financing activities include transactions that involve the company's owners or creditors, such as issuing or repurchasing stock, paying dividends, and borrowing or repaying debt.

Transactions between a corporation and its stockholders, such as the issuance or repurchase of stock, are considered financing activities because they involve the company's owners.

These transactions impact the company's capital structure and have a direct effect on the company's financing and investment decisions.

By classifying these transactions as financing activities, the statement of cash flows provides investors and analysts with valuable information on the company's sources and uses of funds.

For more questions like Cash click the link below:

https://brainly.com/question/10714011

#SPJ11

otis corporation uses a periodic system and the fifo method. otis had beginning inventory of 30 units purchased at $120 each and made the following purchases during the year: january 15: 34 units at $110 may 30: 61 units at $84 october 20: 160 units at $60 sales during the year totaled 271 units. what is the cost of ending inventory?

Answers

The cost of ending inventory for Otis Corporation using the FIFO method can be calculated by first determining the cost of goods sold (COGS) and then subtracting it from the cost of goods available for sale (CGAFS).

To calculate the COGS, we need to determine the cost of the units sold during the year. Using the FIFO method, we assume that the first units purchased are the first ones sold.

So, we start by selling the 30 units from the beginning inventory at $120 each, which gives us a total cost of $3,600.

Next, we sell 34 units from the January 15 purchase at $110 each, which gives us a total cost of $3,740.

Then, we sell 61 units from the May 30 purchase at $84 each, which gives us a total cost of $5,124.

Finally, we sell 146 units from the October 20 purchase at $60 each, which gives us a total cost of $8,760.

Adding up all these costs gives us a COGS of $21,224.

To calculate the CGAFS, we add up the cost of beginning inventory and all the purchases made during the year.

The cost of beginning inventory is 30 units at $120 each, which is $3,600.

The January 15 purchase was 34 units at $110 each, which is $3,740.

The May 30 purchase was 61 units at $84 each, which is $5,124.

The October 20 purchase was 160 units at $60 each, which is $9,600.

Adding up all these costs gives us a CGAFS of $22,064.

To calculate the cost of ending inventory, we subtract the COGS from the CGAFS:

$22,064 - $21,224 = $840

Therefore, the cost of ending inventory for Otis Corporation is $840 using the FIFO method.

Learn more about FIFO method: https://brainly.com/question/30680565

#SPJ11

from a corporation's point of view, a disadvantage of issuing preferred stock is ________.

Answers

From a corporation's point of view, a disadvantage of issuing preferred stock is that it often carries a fixed dividend rate, which means the corporation is obligated to pay the preferred shareholders before paying common shareholders.

Unlike common stock dividends, which can be adjusted or omitted entirely at the discretion of the board of directors, preferred stock dividends are typically fixed at the time of issuance and must be paid before any dividends can be paid to common shareholders.

This can limit the corporation's flexibility to allocate funds to other areas of the business or to reinvest in growth opportunities. Additionally, issuing preferred stock can be more expensive than issuing debt, which may impact the corporation's cost of capital.

Learn more about common stock : https://brainly.com/question/11453024

#SPJ11

Assume an economy with a full employment (potential) real GDP of $600, an actual (equilibrium) real GDP of $500, and an MPC = 0.90 Answer the following questions. a) Graphically illustrate the state of this economy using an AD-AS model. b) What type of GDP (output) gap exists in this economy? c) What is the size of the gap? d) Calculate the spending multiplier: e) To close this gap using only changes in government spending (G) means that government spending must ____by $ ____ billion. f) To eliminate this gap using only changes in taxes (I) means that taxes must ___ by $ ___ billion.

Answers

To eliminate this gap using only changes in taxes (I) means that taxes must decrease by $10 billion.

The size of the output gap is 100 and the spending multiplier is 10, which means that an increase in government spending of $10 billion will close the output gap.

a) Graphically, the AD-AS model for this economy would have the aggregate demand curve (AD) at 500, which is lower than the potential output (AS) of 600.

b) This economy has an output gap, which is the difference between the actual and potential output.

c) The size of the output gap in this economy is 100.

d) The spending multiplier is 1/MPS (1 - MPC) = 1/0.10 = 10.

e) To close this gap using only changes in government spending (G) means that government spending must increase by $10 billion.

The output gap in this economy is the difference between the actual and potential real GDP. The actual GDP of 500 is lower than the potential GDP of 600, indicating that the economy is not at full capacity. The size of the output gap is 100 and the spending multiplier is 10, which means that an increase in government spending of $10 billion will close the output gap.

Alternatively, decreasing taxes by $10 billion will also close the output gap.

Know more about aggregate demand curve here

https://brainly.com/question/31154959#

#SPJ11

FILL IN THE BLANK. _____ refer to the basic, often instinctive, human forces that motivate us to do something.A. NeedsB. WantsC. IdealsD. HabitsE. Attitudes

Answers

Needs refers to the basic, often instinctive, human forces that motivate us to do something.

So, the correct answer is A.

What's meant by needs?

Needs are the fundamental requirements that drive human behavior, such as the need for food, water, shelter, and safety.

These needs are universal, and people will prioritize fulfilling their basic needs before focusing on other wants or desires.

Wants, on the other hand, are desires or preferences that are not essential to survival. While wants can be powerful motivators, they are not as fundamental as needs.

Hence, the answer of the question is A.

Learn more about needs at

https://brainly.com/question/28104499

#SPJ11

Assume that the central bank uses money supply (rather than interest rate) as its policy instrument (i.e., M-policy), so that the LM curve is upward-sloping and the corresponding AD curve is downward-sloping (a) State whether and in which direction each of the building blocks of AD – viz., supply of loanable funds (L^s), demand for loanable funds (L^d), money supply (m^5 = M^5/P), money demand (m^d), as well as IS and LM – and the aggregate demand (AD) curve itself would shift in direct response to the change in consumer confidence and investor confidence (i.e., 1st-round shifts). (b) State whether and in which direction the (very short run equilibrium values of each of the following variables would change as a result: output (Y), real interest rate (r), nominal interest rate (R), consumption (C), saving (S), investment (I), loanable funds (L), and real balance (m).

Answers

It is important to note that the supply effects of a change in consumer confidence and investor confidence may not be immediate and may take time to fully materialize.  

(a) The building blocks of AD, as well as the aggregate demand (AD) curve, would shift in response to the change in consumer confidence and investor confidence.

Demand for loanable funds: The change in consumer confidence and investor confidence would affect the demand for loans, which in turn would affect the demand for loanable funds.

Supply of loanable funds: The change in consumer confidence and investor confidence would also affect the supply of loanable funds. If more people are willing to lend, there would be a greater supply of loanable funds.

Money supply: The change in the money supply would affect the prices of goods and services in the economy, which would in turn affect the level of output and income in the economy.

Interest rate (r): The change in the interest rate would affect the demand for goods and services in the economy, which would in turn affect the level of output and income in the economy.

(b) The (very short run equilibrium values of each of the following variables would change as a result of the change in consumer confidence and investor confidence:

Output (Y): If consumer confidence increases, more people will be willing to spend money, which would increase the demand for goods and services and increase output (Y). If investor confidence increases, more businesses and firms will be willing to invest in new projects, which would also increase output (Y). On the other hand, if consumer confidence decreases or investor confidence decreases, fewer people will be willing to spend money or invest, which would decrease output (Y).

Real interest rate (r): If the demand for loanable funds increases, the interest rate will increase, which would decrease investment and increase savings, and decrease output (Y). If the demand for loanable funds decreases, the interest rate will decrease, which would increase investment and decrease savings, and increase output (Y).

Nominal interest rate (R): If the real interest rate (r) changes, the nominal interest rate (R) will also change. The nominal interest rate is the rate of return on investment, and it is measured in terms of the currency. If the real interest rate (r) increases, the nominal interest rate (R) will also increase, and if the real interest rate (r) decreases, the nominal interest rate (R) will also decrease.

Consumption (C): If consumer confidence increases, more people will be willing to spend money, which would increase consumption (C). If investor confidence increases, more businesses and firms will be willing to invest in new projects, which would also increase consumption (C). On the other hand, if consumer confidence decreases or investor confidence decreases, fewer people will be willing to spend money or invest, which would decrease consumption (C).

Saving (S): If the real interest rate (r) increases, saving will increase, and consumption will decrease, and vice versa. If investor confidence increases, more businesses and firms will be willing to invest in new projects.

Prices (P): If the demand for goods and services increases, prices will increase, and output will decrease. If the demand for goods and services decreases, prices will decrease, and output will increase. If the money supply increases, prices will decrease, and output will increase. If the money supply decreases, prices will increase, and output will decrease.

Learn more about supply Visit: brainly.com/question/11717727

#SPJ4

Other Questions
a research project on female officers in massachusetts found that female officers ________. The initial value equation:d/dx y(x) + sin(x) y(x) = sin x ,y(0) = 31) Find y' (0)2) Find y" (0)Find 1,2 without solving the ordinary differential equation a(n) _____ is a combination of equal parts of a prepared permanent color mixture and shampoo? two long, parallel wires each carry the same current i in the same direction. the total magnetic field at the point p midway between the wires is in what direction? which best explains why high frequency electromagnetic waves are more likely to cause harm to living things? Why do you think that scientists in the 20th century thought that it was important to ""unlock"" the structures of the atom? while the nurse is providing discharge education to the parents of an 18-month-old child, the parents express concern that their child has a musculoskeletal disorder because the child has bowed legs. how should the nurse respond? which of the following manipulations would you expect to enhance learning in the morris water maze?select all that applygroup of answer choicesreducing atf-4 expressionreducing expression of the glun2b nmdar subunitoverexpressing the glun2b nmdar subunitinhibiting gene transcriptionoverexpressing atf-4inhibiting protein synthesis garden world uses the retail method to estimate its monthly cost of goods sold and month-end inventory. at may 31, the accounting records indicate the cost of goods available for sale during the month (beginning inventory plus purchases) totaled $610,000. these goods had been priced for resale at $1,000,000. sales in may totaled $380,000. the estimated inventory at may 31 is: multiple choice $380,000. $231,800. $610,000. $378,200. Find the tangent plane to the elliptic paraboloid , = 2 x2 + y2at the point (1, 1, 3). z O A. Z = 2x+2y-3 O B.Z = 4x+2y-3 O C.z = 2y-3 O D. z = 5x+2y-3 Find the solution of the differential equation that satisfies the given initial condition. y' tan x = 7a + y, y(/3) = 7a, 0 < x < /2, where a is a constant. Mini: Compact Car Niche BMW was able to create the premium compact car segment with the introduction of the Mini. Its success has come through a differentiated product offering. It is a market leader and continues to see growth. Differentiation as a mechanism for strategy is examined in this spotlight. Mini has become the dominant market leader in the premium compact car segment by offering a unique product with features customers are willing to pay a premium price for Read the case below and answer the questions that follow BMW had a clear vision when it resurrected the vintage British automotive brand in 2001. It was simply to be the first premium brand in the compact car segment. Has it succeeded? Today, Mini sells nearly 300,000 cars a year and grew by over 20 percent from 2011 to 2012. It currently generates almost three times the sales of its most direct competing brand, Smart. BMW is also able to price the Mini at a premium relative to its key competitors, with a typical Mini selling for between $20,000 and $25,000. According to Jurgen Pieper, an analyst with Bankhaus Metzler, the Mini brand is quite profitable, earning about $250 million a year in a fairly difficult automotive market BMW was able to create this premium compact car niche using a business model with a set of mutually reinforcing attributes. First, it designed the car to offer a unique combination of modern features and capabilitles with a classic design. The Mini nameplate was originally on a small British car in 1959. While the model launched by BMW in 2001 has little in common with the original, the basic style of the car reflects the look of the original and allowed it to clearly stand out from the modern SUVs and sedans that dominate today's cer market. Thus, the look of the car was one of its key selling points Second, it set the car apart from most other brands by using low-cost. event-focused advertisements to push the car. For example, rather than advertise on TV during sporting events, they placed a cardboard model of the car seated in football stadiums lke a fan appearing to watch the game. 8MW also benefited by having the car used as a central element in Hollywood movles, such as Austin Powers in Goldmemberin 2002 and The Italian Job in 2003. Today, Mini continues Its different advertising methods, spending over half its advertising budget on digital media, such as social networking, onlin videos, and ads targeted to mobile devices. Third, It has regularly extended Mini's product line while keeping a consistent look and styling. In addition to the basic model, It now has 7 different models and could go up to 10 different models, but they all are easly recognizable as Mini The challenge that the leaders of Mini face is one that niche differentiators regularly face. They must regularly strive to freshen their product line and look for opportunities to grow their business without losing their focus on what makes Minil different. Sources: Edmonson, G. & Eidam, M. 2004, BMW's Mini just keeps getting mightier, businessweek.com, April 4: np: Reiter BMW's Mini: Little, but she is fiercel Bloomberg Businessweek, February 6:24-25: and Foley, A. 2012. Online connections key to Minil's success, marketing chlef says, wardsauto.com. October 24: np. What was Mini's growth between 2011 and 2012? Multiple Choice o 30% o 5% o 50% o 25% o 20% Define g(x) = f(x) + tan1 (2x) on [1, 3 2 ]. Suppose that both f 00 and g 00 are continuous for all x-values on [1, 3 2 ]. Suppose that the only local extrema that f has on the interval [1, 3 2 ] is a local minimum at x = 1 2 .a. Determine the open intervals of increasing and decreasing for g on the interval h 1 2 , 3 2 i .b. Suppose f 1 2 = 0 and f 3 2 = 2. Find the absolute extrema for g on h 1 2 , 3 2 i . Justify your answer. Definir: irona, farsa, caricatura, sarcasmo, parodia, OpenSeas, Inc. is evaluating the purchase of a new cruise ship. The ship will cost $495 million, and will operate for 20 years. OpenSeas expects annual cash flows from operating the ship to be $70.2 million and its cost of capital is 12.0%. a. Prepare an NPV profile of the purchase. b. Identify the IRR on the graph. c. Should OpenSeas proceed with the purchase? a heart pacemaker fires 78 times a minute, each time a 27.5 nf capacitor is charged (by a battery in series with a resistor) to 0.632 of its full voltage. what is the value of the resistance (in )? what is an individual's adjustment of his or her schemas to new information what is the velocity of a 0.400-kg billiard ball if its wavelength is 5.1 cm cm (large enough for it to interfere with other billiard balls)? the addition of small amounts of dyes to the emulsion lowers the minimum energy needed to initiate the process of dissociation of the silver-salt molecule. thus treated emulsions become more sensitive to photons with what sorts of wavelengths and energy? a two-dimensional array is like ______________ put together.