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Related Questions
Place the steps of biofilm formation in the correct order: 1. Quorum sensing and the establishment of the extracellular matrix commences as microbes attach more stably. 2. Surface (substratum) is preconditioned by environmental molecules. 3. Biofilm matures and some microorganisms escape to the planktonic state. 4. Microbes attach and detach from the preconditioned surface.
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Answer:Step order:
2. The surface (substrate) is preconditioned by environmental molecules.
4.Microbes bind and detach from the preconditioned surface.
1.Quorum detection and extracellular matrix establishment begins as microbes bind more stably.
3. The mature biofilm and some microorganisms escape the planktonic state.
Explanation:
The biofilm is a highly complex structure where many microorganisms coexist, compete, reproduce, feed, within a micro-system with many ideal conditions for each microorganism that is housed in it.
The biofilm is resistant to non-selective antimicrobials, that is, to disinfectants such as sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, among others.
Evidence was also presented that they are resistant to selective antimicrobials such as antibiotics, that is why they have great virulence factors or potential to trigger pathology.
The solution to destroy a biofilm is mechanical sweeping, with brushing as it happens on our teeth or even with the catheter cleaning brushes that are used (in addition to the sterilization methods).
This biofilm presents separate colonies in its interim with a fluid that it travels transmitting signals, food, toxins, resistant factors between these different types of microorganisms. This fluid and this communication between them is called quorum sensing and not all microorganisms tolerate it.
Many microorganisms compete with each other for the medium, an example is streptococcus mutating in the dental biofilm, which generates an acidic medium by metabolizing carbohydrates within the biofilm, thus generating that those bacteria that live in neutral or alkaline ph cannot reproduce and die.
The biofilm can be contained by bacteria, viruses, fungi and even parasites, but what they all have in common is that they have the ability to reproduce on an inert surface such as catheters, dental surfaces, silicone hoses.
In an organism, X, it is found to be impossible to generate loss-of-function mutants for most genes. There is an alternative method of introducing random mutations that can later be screened for the gene(s) in question. This can be accomplished by using insertions due to what genetic entities?
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Answer:
Transposable elements (TE)
Explanation:
A transposon, also known as 'jumping genes', is a particular sequence of DNA that can relocate inside of the genome. It affects the genetic identity and can be made use of to either reverse a mutation or create one - it duplicates that genetic sequence. Retrotransposons is a class of TE found in viruses.
A Histoplasmosis (caused by the fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum) is typically seen only in the Ohio and Mississippi river valleys, whereas Aspergillosis (caused by the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus) is widespread regardless of geographical location. Which of the following statements describes why this disparity with regards to disease distribution occurs?
1. Histoplasma capsulatum is an endemic fungus that prefers sols erwiched with bal guano, whereas Aspergillus furgatus is a ubiquitous soll langus.
2. Individuals are not as routinely vaccinated against Aspergillosis as compared to Histoplasmosis
3. Histoplasma capsulatum is an opportunistic fungal pathogen affecting immunocompromised individuals, whereas Aspergillus fumigatus is a true fungal pathogen affecting both healthy and immunocompromised individuals.
4. The arthropod vector that carries Histoplasma capsulatum is only found in the Ohio and Mississippi valley regions, whereas the arthropod vector that carries Aspergillus fumigatus is found in many geographical locations.
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Answer:
3. Histoplasma capsulatum is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that affects immunocompromised individuals, while Aspergillus fumigatus is a true fungal pathogen that affects both healthy and immunocompromised individuals.
Explanation:
Histoplasmosis is an oprtounista mycosis, that is to say that it increases in number in our organism occasionally generating infectious and non-protective pathology like the commensal flora.
Histoplasmosis respects American geographic limits and is because it lives in tropical and freshwater climates.
Histoplasmosis pathology is triggered if the person has a deficit in the immune response and if the risk of living or transiting the endemic area is corrected.
On the other hand, the aspergillus fungus is a fungus that enters the inhalation routes in a sporulated form and developed in the lungs, generating a high fatal risk, since it triggers inflammatory and necrotic symptoms in the lung, regardless of whether the person is immunodeficient or not. ... There were people who were shaved by this fungus and even selected hypersensitivity pictures, that is, the opposite of an immunodeficiency.
The Fungi of the Aspirgillus group do not discriminate against age, immune status, or other factors ... only inhalation of the spore is required to develop the pathological picture.
What is Mary and Jim’s hypothesis?
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Answer:
In this case, the scientist want to test the presence of the limonite in the yellow rocks, So, proposed hypothesis should include the color of rock they want to observe and the posssible outcome, which need to be tested. So, a proposed hypothesis can be: The rocks, which have yellow color are made up of mineral lime.
Answer:
They hypothesized that the rock includes large pieces of the mineral limonite.
Explanation:
...
Which human activity can produce disruption of fish breeding habits, increase in mosquito population, and flood control? construction of dams to produce electricity habitat destruction that decreases beaver population increased erosion due to improper farming techniques overfishing in artificial lakes
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Answer:
A
Explanation:
edge
The construction of dams to produce electricity is a human activity that can produce disruption of fish breeding habits.
Human activities which have the potential of affecting the ecosystem are called anthropogenic activities. These activities could have a lasting impact on the ecosystem such as disruption of fish breeding habits.
Dams are structures built in water for the purpose of irrigation or electricity generation. The construction of dams to produce electricity is a human activity that can produce disruption of fish breeding habits, increase in mosquito population, and flood control.
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"You are in your room listening to music and, realize you are thirsty, you can feel that your soda is no longer cold, and you decide to invite a friend over. What parts of the central nervous system would be primarily involved in each of these italicized behaviors?"
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Answer:
A central nervous system is consist of brain and spinal cord. The brain is made of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem.
The parts of the central nervous system involved in given behaviors are as follows:
Listening to music: The cerebrum in the brain is responsible for the behaviour of listening music as it functions for auditory stimuli (temporal lobe).Realization of being thirsty: limbic system in brain is responsible for the regulation of thirst.Feel that soda is no longer cold: Hypothalamus in brain controls the sense of temperature felt by the body.Decide to invite a friend over: The cerebrum functions for thinking and decision making.
abstract excretion in animals
Answers
Given that,
Abstract excretion in animal,
Excretion in animal :
Excretion in animal is defined as the elimination of metabolic,or nitrogenous waste products from the body of an organism.
Type of excretion are,
(I). Ammonotelism
In this type of excretion the excretory product is ammonia.
(II). Ureotelism
In this type of excretion the excretory product is urea.
(III). Uricotelism
In this type of excretion the excretory product is uric acid.
(IV). Aminotelism
In this type of excretion the excretory product is amino acid.
(V). Guanotelism
In this type of excretion the excretory product is guanine.
What is Coronavirus
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Answer:
Coronavirus is a respiratory illness that can be spread from person to person. It's a new disease that has not been previously seen in humans.
Answer:
It is a type of virus that spreads from one another.
Explanation:
Planets near the Sun are composed of mainly rock and iron. How does the Solar Nebula theory account for this? Select one: a. The planets that today are near the Sun were captured. b. The forming Sun’s heat prevented substances such as ices from condensing in the inner Solar System. c. The Sun’s magnetic field attracted all of the iron in the nebula into the inner Solar System. d. As the planets were captured, denser ones were pulled closer to the Sun by gravity. e. The planets that today are far from the Sun were captured. Clear my choice
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Answer:
B
Explanation:
Differentiate between parenchyma collenchyma and sclerenchyma in tabular form
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Explanation:
your is your answer can u follow me
Which best describes how a vaccine works?
A. The vaccine causes a nonspecific immune response.
O B. The vaccine cells kill bacteria.
C. The vaccine makes the body create memory cells.
O D. The vaccine produces white blood cells.
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Answer:
C I believe
Explanation: It basically gives you the virus so that your whatever cells can remember next time that its the same thing if you get it and try to fight it off. If you can help me with ap ex unit 2 pretest that'd be great im Jumper-#7209 on discord if you can
1. producer eats meat and plants
2. primary consumer breaks down dead organisms
3. carnivore makes own food
4. omnivore gets energy directly from producer
5. decomposer eats only meat
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Answer:
Producer makes own food
Primary consumers gets energy directly from producer
Carnivores eats only meat
Omnivores eat meat and plants
Decomposer breaks down dead organism
Hope Its useful
Will try to give brainliest PLEASE HELP ASAP
What are the three stop codons? What is the start codon?
Answers
Answer:
UGA, UAA, and UAG
Explanation:
Each three-letter sequence of mRNA nucleotides corresponds to a specific amino acid, or to a stop codon. UGA, UAA, and UAG are stop codons
Answer:not sure
Explanation:
Not sure
I heard that mitochondria increase if we exercising. So, if i was exercising and suddenly stop exercising. Will the number of mitochondria same, and more food neededbfor energy and more energy not use and more fats produce?
Will i produce more fats when i stop exercising than when i never do exercise?
Please answer with the explanation
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Answer:
I believe the amount of mitochondria in our body only increases after long term exercising.
When you are exercising, you do not produce more mitochondria straight away. Even after you stop, the amount of mitochondria will be the same.
I believe the production of mitochondria and the improvement of your muscles is the same. You need to exercise for awhile before you can get more mitochondria in your body.
As for your amount of food needed, it is not according to the amount of mitochondria you have. It is according to how much energy you need.
You should be able to tell how much food you need. So, you actually wont produce more fats. As long as you eat the correct and moderate amount of food.
You will not produce more fat when you stop exercising than when you never exercise. Like I said, the amount of fat produced is according to your food intake. Your food intake is according to your energy needs. As long as you eat moderately, you will not produce more fat. In fact, you will be able to burn fats better after long term exercise because your body will be healthier and able to moderate itself.
can someone help plz!?
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Answer:
Biotic factors and abiotic factors, plant and light energy, herbivores, heterotrophs, omnivores, carnivores, primary consumer, decomposers and tertiary consumers.
Explanation:
Both biotic and abiotic factors are interacting with each other in an ecosystem. Plants use light energy from the sun to produce their own food. Herbivores are the organisms that feed on producers (plants). Heterotrophs are those organisms which are unable to make their own food. Omnivores are the organisms that eat both plants and animals. Carnivores feed on animals only. Primary consumers are the consumer which feed on plants. Decomposers helps in the breakdown of dead bodies of plants and animals. Tertiary consumers feed on secondary consumer.
Which of the following best expresses the concept of natural selection?
A) differential reproductive success based on inherited traits
B) inheritance of acquired characteristics
C) change in response to need
D) a process of constant improvement, leading eventually to perfection
E) survival of the fastest
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Answer:
The correct answer is - option A. differential reproductive success based on inherited traits
Explanation:
Natural selection is the differential reproductive and survival of particular population due to the difference of shared characteristics that are inherited in a specific environment. In other words natural selection is differential reproductive success based on inherited traits.
The term differential reproductive success is suggests that comparing and analyzing successful reproduction rates between groups statistically which means how many individuals of the population left behind due to not inheriting traits require for survival.
Thus, the correct answer is - option A. differential reproductive success based on inherited traits
Due to genetic changes and the environmental conditions when the organism adapts itself to the current situation for survival is called natural selection.
Natural selection means that the organism that survived over another have better traits and characteristics for adaptation.
The correct answer is:
Option A. differential reproductive success based on inherited traits.
This can be explained as:
A particular type of trait carried by an organism that is better for adapting to survival than the other organism carrying less favorable trait will have a better chance of survival and their reproductive success will be much higher.Based on the inherited characteristics the natural selection will be based on reproductive success.Differential reproductive success is an analysis in which comparison is done among the organism that survived and those that did not.Comparing their traits and characters can give an idea about the factor affecting the selection.Therefore, differential reproductive success based on inherited traits best expresses natural selection.
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Which of the following must be true for natural selection to occur ?
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Limited resources=intra and inter specific competition= the fittest survive and pass on their successful genes
Are there any parts of the human body that get oxygen directly from the air and not from the blood?
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Hope this helped ♥︎
What is one way people have negatively affected land resources?
habitat restoration
urbanization
terrace farming
reforestation
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Answer:
URBANIZATION
Explanation:
Urbanization is one way people have negatively affected land resources
which has lead to total exploit and in availability of those resources for us.
What are resources?Resources are physical raw materials that originated from the earth which are useful for production and many things by humans and theses resources can be land, air,water and so on.
Resources are classified as either renewable and non renewable.
Renewable are resources that replenished itselves like water, wind.
Non renewable are resources that don't replenish itselves , example include fossil fuels.
Therefore, Urbanization is one way people have negatively affected land resources.
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The ____________ ramus is the smaller of the two main branches. It innervates the ____________ and the skin of the back. The ____________ ramus is the larger of the two main branches. This splits into multiple other branches, which innervate the ____________ , the upper limbs, and the lower limbs. Many of the anterior rami go on to form ____________ .
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Answer:
The posterior ramus is the smaller of the two main branches and innervates the deep muscles of the back and the skin of the back. The anterior ramus is the larger of the two main branches and innervates the anterior and lateral portions of the trunk and the upper and lower limbs.
Explanation:
The posterior ramus is the smaller of the two main branches and innervates the deep muscles of the back and the skin of the back. The anterior ramus is the larger of the two main branches and innervates the anterior and lateral portions of the trunk and the upper and lower limbs.
What is the brachial plexus?It is responsible for providing the motor (muscle), sensory and sympathetic innervation of the upper limb. Through it, the spinal cord is connected with all the peripheral nerves of the upper limbs and all the sensorimotor information of these segments is also transmitted.
We can conclude that the brachial plexus is a nerve network located at the base of the neck and the axillary fossa associated with sensory and motor innervation for the entire upper limb.
Therefore, The posterior ramus is the smaller of the two main branches and innervates the deep muscles of the back and the skin of the back. The anterior ramus is the larger of the two main branches and innervates the anterior and lateral portions of the trunk and the upper and lower limbs.
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The function of the choroid layer of the eye is to ________. The function of the choroid layer of the eye is to ________. regulate the amount of light entering the eye prevent light from scattering inside the eye produce gross eye movements release tears onto the anterior surface of the eye refract light and focus it on the retina
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Answer:
The answer is "prevent the light from scattering inside the eye".
Explanation:
Choroid layer is located behind the retina in the eye and it's function is to adjust the amount of light absorbed and prevent it from scattering inside the eye to achieve a clear and focused image.
I hope this answer helps.
A human germ cell experiences a meiotic disjunction of chromosome 21 in meiosis I. Which of the following statements best describes the pattern you would expect to observe in the resulting gametocytes?
A. Two cells will have 24 chromosomes, and two cells will have 22 chromosomes.
B. One cell will have 24 chromosomes, one cell will have 22 chromosomes, and two cells will have 23 chromosomes.
C. All cells will have 23 chromosomes.
D. Two cells will have 23 chromosomes, and two cells will have 22 chromosomes.
E. Two cells will have 24 chromosomes, and two cells will have 23 chromosomes.
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Answer:
Two cells will have 24 chromosomes, and two cells will have 22 chromosomes.
Explanation:
Please help me with the attachment below
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Answer:
2. The lime water turns milky in colour
3. To act as filters
4. To enable easy penetration of the root of planted crops.
See detailed explanation below
Explanation:
2. Our exhaled air principally contains carbon dioxide gas (CO2), which reacts with like water to produce a milky solution. The lime water is a solution of Calcium hydroxide (CaOH2), which chemically reacts with the C02 content of our exhaled air to form a compound called Calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Calcium carbonate is a whitish compound that appears chalky/milky.
3. Our nostrils contain a cavity called nasal cavity, which is lined with mucus (a viscous substance). The mucus helps to keep the nasal cavity wet. The hair in the nostrils also help prevent large particles in inhaled air from entering into the nasal cavity. The hair and mucus works together to filter out shirts and germs like bacteria etc from entering into the lungs.
4. Farmers loosen the soil which they plant their crops by mixing the layers of the soil. Loosening the soil encourages or promotes a deep and easier penetration of the plant roots. It also helps the soil to be properly drained and aerated i.e. penetration of water and air into the soil respectively.
Question 8 of 10
What is the name of a group of connected and related organisms?
O A. Matter
ОО
O B. Flow
O C. System
D. Energy
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When you eat, your blood glucose level rises. Soon after, it drops as the glucose is stored. Where does it go?
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Explanation:
About to six hours after you eat the glucose levels in your blood decrease triggering your pancreas to produce glucagon. This hormone signals. your liver and muscle cells to change the stored glycogen back into glucose.
The fossil record is a testament to extinct fauna no longer present on Earth. Certain areas of the planet have always had high species diversity (evident from fossils and catalogs of current species diversity). Which of the processes listed likely contributed to the patterns of animal diversity we see
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Answer:
The processes that likely contributed to the patterns of animal diversity we see is LOCAL AND GLOBAL EXTINCTION EVENTS.
Extinction event is when a large number of multicellular organisms of same species die within a short period of time reducing the number of such organisms in circulation in the ecosystems.
Extinction event can be (all over the world) or local (within a speculated geographic location).
Causes of extinction includes; population growth,habitat loss,over consumption, population and introduction of new species.
Thylakoids contain clusters of chlorophyll and proteins known as . They absorb sunlight and generate high-energy that pass along the .
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Answer:
1) Photosystems
2) Thylakoid membrane
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is an important phenomenon for the cells of autotrophic organisms like green plants. It is the process through which they obtain their energy source. Photosynthesis, which consists of two stages, occurs in the Chloroplast of the cell.
The light dependent stage occurs in the thylakoid lumen of the CHLOROPLAST while the light independent stage occurs in the stroma. The thylakoid is a membrane-bound sac usually organized in stacks called GRANA.
The Chlorophyll pigment, which captures the photon of light needed for the photosynthetic process, is contained in the thylakoid. Also, embedded in the thylakoid space are protein complexes called PHOTOSYSTEMS, which are involved in the capturing photons of light and transferring of electrons. The Photosystems 1&2 are the functional units of photosynthesis.
The high energy generated by the Photosystems are transferred from one electron carrier to another along the thylakoid membrane in order to generate ATP and NADPH. This process is called Electron transport chain.
Thylakoids are the membrane-bound structures present within chloroplasts of the plant cell. Thylakoids consist of photosystems and are surrounded by the thylakoid membrane.
The correct blanks for the given statement are:
Thylakoids contain clusters of chlorophyll and proteins known as photosystems. They absorb sunlight and generate high energy that passes along the thylakoid membrane.
Photosystems in the thylakoids are the structural and functional protein complexes, which play a crucial role in performing photosynthesis. These systems are present along the thylakoid membranes, and carry out the primary photochemistry of photosynthesis.
The thylakoid membrane is involved in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. The membrane absorbs light energy and is then converted into chemical energy. The high-energy generated is passed along the thylakoid membrane.
Therefore, the correct answers are photosystems and thylakoid membrane.
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Which sustainable practice is paired correctly with its impact on the environment? Using bamboo results in an increased use of forest trees. Practicing contour plowing results in a need for more land. Setting irrigation systems to run longer results in a reduction of water use. Building more wind farms results in a reduction of fossil fuel use.
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Hey there! I'm happy to help!
Using bamboo results in an increased use of forest trees. Bamboo is a grass, not a tree. I don't see how using more bamboo would increase your usage of trees. This option is incorrect.
Contour plowing is when your plow around the contour lines (which are basically like elevation lines) of a hill or slope. This actually reduces soil erosion and lasting effects of natural storms and disasters, so it does not result in a need for more land. This option is incorrect.
Setting irrigation systems to run longer results in a reduction of water use. Irrigation is a system of watering, so you need water for it. It would not reduce water use. This option is incorrect.
Building more wind farms results in a reduction of fossil fuel use. If you are getting your power from renewable resources like the wind or the sun, you will not need to use as many fossil fuels, and this would reduce their use. This option is correct.
Have a wonderful day!
The practices that aid in economic, human and ecological dynamism and health is called sustainable practices. This procedure helps in conservatively preserving the limited sources.
The correct pairing is:
Option D. Constructing more wind farms results in a decrease in fossil fuel usage.
The practices can be explained as:
Using too many bamboos will result in the degradation of lands and increased soil erosion. It will not affect the usage of other forest trees.The method of agriculture practice in which the ploughing is done near the contour lines is called contour ploughing and does not need much land also helps in reducing soil erosion and disasters.The irrigation system conserves water and is a beneficial technique of watering the agricultural lands with an efficient amount of water.Wind energy generates more energy and power which is a renewable source compared to fossil fuels and reduces the use of petrol, diesel and coal.Therefore, option D is correct.
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Which definition best describes polygenic traits? A. traits that are carried on linked genes B. traits that affect several features C. traits that are controlled by multiple genes D. traits that express both alleles of a gene pair
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Answer:
The answer is C.Traits that are controlled by multiple genes.
Explanation:
C. traits that are controlled by multiple genes
I JUST TOOK THE TEST AND GOT IT CORRECT!
What process creates mRNA?
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Answer:
DNA transcription creates mRNA. Transcription is when information in a strand of DNA is replicated or copied into a new strand of mRNA. The DNA sequence serves as a template for mRNA to be synthesized in the nucleus. mRNA is catalyzed by the enzyme RNA polymerase and requires nucleotide triphosphates as substrates in order to initiate and sustain DNA synthesis.
Hope that helps.