Magnesium potassium phosphate hexahydrate and a number of its deuterated counterparts were studied for their Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectra. By contrasting the spectra obtained at the boiling point of liquid nitrogen with those obtained at ambient temperature and by examining the spectra of a succession of partially deuterated MgKPO4
What is Infrared and raman spectroscopy ?Raman and infrared spectroscopy both investigate how radiation interacts with molecular vibrations, but they do so in different ways depending on how the photon energy is delivered to the molecule by altering its vibrational state.
While IR spectroscopy depends on a change in the dipole moment, Raman spectroscopy depends on a change in the polarizability of a molecule. In contrast to IR spectroscopy, which measures the absolute frequencies at which a sample absorbs light, Raman spectroscopy measures the relative frequencies at which a sample scatters light.Learn more about Spectroscopy here
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calculate the density of a liquid with a total mass of 88.30 grams and a volume of 165.0 milliliters.
The liquid with a total mass of 88.30 grams and a volume of 165.0 milliliters has a density of: 0.5351 g/ml
To solve this problem the formula and the procedure that we have to use is:
d = m/v
Where:
d= densitym= massv= volumeInformation about the problem:
m = 88.30 gv= 165.0 mld=?Applying the density formula we get:
d = m/v
d = 88.30 g/165.0 ml
d = 0.5351 g/ml
What is density?It is a physical quantity that expresses the ratio of the body mass to the volume it occupies.
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which best explains why ionization energy tends to decrease from the top to the bottom of a group? the number of orbitals decreases. the number of neutrons decreases.
Ionization energy tends to drop from the top to the bottom of a group as electrons move away from the nucleus.
What does the periodic table's ionisation energy mean?All elements in the periodic table possess ionisation energy, also known as ionisation potential.
what does "ionisation energy" mean?It is the energy needed to remove one electron from a neutral atom, which results in the formation of an ion.
High ionisation Energy: What Does It Mean?The neutral atom's loosest electron is removed by the first ionisation energy, but the amount of protons acting as an attractive force on the remaining electrons remains constant. This implies that it will be harder and more energy-intensive to remove a second electron.learn more about Ionization energy here
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the question you are looking for is
Which best explains why ionization energy tends to decrease from the top to the bottom of a group?
A.The number of orbitals decreases.
B.The number of neutrons decreases.
C.Electrons get closer to the nucleus.
D.Electrons get farther from the nucleus.
What is the energy if the frequency is 8.33 x 10^-4 Hz
Neon and sodium differ by 1 proton (Neon has 10, Sodium 11) but they react VERY differently. Why does this small change cause such a big effect?
The reason why this small change between Neon and sodium cause a very big effect is simply because neon is a noble gas with an octet structure in its electronic configuration while sodium is an alkali metal which is univalent electropositive element.
However, despite the fact that these two different elements has a difference of one electron in their outermost shell, yet they individually carry and posses very powerful electronic structure due to their position in the periodic table which makes them react differently
What is an element?An element can simply be a chemical substance which cannot be split into simpler forms by an ordinary chemical process.
Consider the following differences between Neon and sodium in the periodic table:
Sodium belong to group 1 of the periodic table while Neon belong to group 0 or the 8th groupSodium has a valence electron of just 1 electron while Neon has a valence electron of 8 electrons Sodium is an alkali metal while Neon is a noble gasSo therefore, the reason why this small change between Neon and sodium cause a very big effect is simply because neon is a noble gas with an octet structure in its electronic configuration while sodium is an alkali metal which is univalent electropositive element.
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anything that can change in an experiment is called
Answer:
variables because they can change or be changed
can someone help please. you will get 15 points
We could use a large size sieve to separate large stones from pear sized gravel. Option A
What is a sieve?A sieve is a device that could be used for separation. When we are carrying out separation using a sieve, the separation is done according to the sizes of the materials. We know that the sieve allows a given size of the material to pass through while holding back the other sizes.
In this case, we can see a sieve that has been pictured in the question. The size of the sieve is what determines the kind of things that it could separate. As such, we could use a large size sieve to separate large stones from pear sized gravel. Option A
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(Bonus) Which element is more reactive? (1 pt)
*
1 point
Sodium
Neon
They are equally reactive
The experiments of wöhler, kolbe, miller, and other chemists invalidated the concept of vitalism by demonstrating that _____.
The experiments of wöhler, kolbe, miller, and other chemists invalidated the concept of vitalism by demonstrating that B) organic molecules could be produced apart from living organisms using inorganic materials.
Concept of vitalism propose that organic molecules could only be synthesised by living organism. Modern science said that vitalism has no credibility.
Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe (1818 - 1884) contributed to invalidate the concept of vitalism. He made the organic substance acetic acid from inorganic carbon disulfide.
Friedrich Wöhler (1800 - 1882) synthesis of the organic compound urea from inorganic substances.
Abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical things of the environment.
Abiotic factors can include water, light, radiation, temperature, humidity, atmosphere, and soil.
On the contrary, biotic factors are all of the living organisms within an ecosystem.
Missing options:
A) carbon atoms were common in both living organisms and nonliving substances such as rocks and soil
B) organic molecules could be produced apart from living organisms using inorganic materials
C) tissues extracted from living organisms could still promote organic reactions
D) one organic substance could be transformed into another organic substance
E) complex organic substances are the result of a series of sequential synthetic reactions occurring in both living organisms and nonliving systems.
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For a snack, I ate 40 gummy bears. Each gummy bear weighs 3g.
If gummy bears are 100% carbohydrates and carbohydrates are 4 kcal/g, how many kcal I eat?
Taking into account the rule of three, you eat 480 kcal.
Rule of threeThe rule of three is a way of solving problems of proportionality between three known values and an unknown value, establishing a relationship of proportionality between all of them.
That is, what is intended with it is to find the fourth term of a proportion knowing the other three.
If the relationship between the magnitudes is direct, the direct rule of three must be applied as follow, being a, b and c known data and x the variable to be calculated:
a ⇒ b
c ⇒ x
So: x= (c×b)÷ a
kcal of eaten gummy bearsTo know the mass of eaten gummy bears, the following rule of three applies: if 1 gummy bear weighs 3 g, 40 gummy bears weigh how much mass?
1 gummy bear ⇒ 3 g
40 gummy bears ⇒ x
So: x= (40 gummy bears× 3 g)÷ 1 gummy bear
Solving:
x= 120 g
If gummy bears are 100% carbohydrates and carbohydrates are 4 kcal/g, the following rule of three applies: If 1 g has 4 kcal, 120 g has how many kcal?
1 g ⇒ 4 kcal
120 g⇒ x
So: x= (120 g× 4 kcal)÷ 1 g
Solving:
x= 480 kcal
In summary, you eat 480 kcal.
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Need answer ASAP please
The following elements are given in the table:
BerylliumSiliconSodiumChromiumPotassiumOxygenCarbonGoldFor the complete table, refer attachment.
Simple rules can be used to calculate the number of protons, neutrons, electrons, mass number and atomic number in an atom:
The atomic number (Z) of an atom is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus.A neutral atom has the same number of electrons as protons.The sum number of protons and neutrons in the atom's nucleus is equal to the mass number (A) of the atom.The difference between the atomic number (Z) and the mass number of the atom (A) is equal to the number of neutrons.Read more about Structure of Atom:
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Calculate the mass of 2.5 × 1023 formula units of calcium phosphate Ca,(PO4)2
Answer:
310 u
Explanation:
Hence, the formula unit mass for Ca 3 ( PO 4 ) 2 is 310 u .
electrical double layer design for proton-coupled electron transfer electrode processes: recent advances in well-defined electrode−electrolyte interface
The article aims to highlight the most recent improvements in the PCET procedures for electrocatalysis at clearly characterized electrode–electrolyte interfaces.
Aim : Here, we focus on the most recent developments in the PCET methods for electrocatalysis at clearly defined electrode–electrolyte interfaces.
Method: Since the groundbreaking and ongoing studies made by Frumkin and his colleagues initiated in the 1930s, non-covalent interaction, which is controlled by the cation/anion features, is known to play a crucial role in the interfacial water and adsorbate environments correlated to electrode–electrolyte catalytic properties.
The microscopic perspective of this interaction is still a significant scientific mystery, nevertheless. Recent research based on the well-defined surface and solid-liquid interfacial structure of single-crystal model electrodes revealed novel characteristics of the cation effect.
Practical usage: Designing high-performance electrode and electrolyte materials requires an understanding of the roles played by the electrical double layer (EDL) structure in proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) electrode processes.
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CHEMISTRY, HELP!!! (Please explain as well if you can because I have at least five more questions like this after I finish this one)
Based on the Law of conservation of mass, the product form when baking soda decomposes is also 25 g.
NaHCO₃ => Na₂CO₃ + H₂O + CO₂
reactant mass = product mass (law of conservation)
The law of conservation of mass or principle of mass conservation states that for any machine close to all transfers of rely and energy, the mass of the gadget has to remain consistent over the years because the gadget's mass cannot alternate, so the amount can neither be added nor be removed.
The law of conservation of mass states that during a chemical reaction mass is neither created nor destroyed. as example, the carbon atom in coal turns into carbon dioxide while it is burned. The carbon atom modifications from a strong shape to a gas however its mass does not trade.
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Explain why the bears would need to "pack on enough pounds" before they hibernate
If the bears don't pack on enough pounds before they hibernate, they won't enough energy that will sustain them during the hibernation period.
What is hibernation?
Hibernation is a condition when an animal slows its heart rate to save energy and survive the winter without eating much.
Some animals just slow down and move less frequently during hibernation, but others go into a deep sleep and don't wake up till spring.
What would happen to bears if they don't pack on enough pounds?If the bears don't pack on enough pounds before they hibernate, they won't return to the mountains to den for the winter.
Packing on enough pounds will provide them with enough energy that will sustain them during the hibernation period.
Thus, If the bears don't pack on enough pounds before they hibernate, they won't enough energy that will sustain them during the hibernation period.
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give 2 examples of group 1 element
(a) how many different isotopes of the element were in the sample? (b) describe how to use the information from the mass spectrum to determine the average atomic mass of the element.
The ground state electron configuration of the element is; 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2.
What is the mass spectrum?The mass spectrum shows the identity of an element. We can use it to identify the number of isotopes in the elements as well as the abundance of each of the isotopes.
Now, the element that is here has three isotopes, the element is magnesium. We can obtain the relative atomic mass as the sum of the products of the mass of each isotope and its relative abundance. The ground state electron configuration of the element is; 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2.
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Calculate the heat change in kilojoules for vaporization of 6.00 kg of water at 100 ∘C .
The heat change for vaporization of 6.00 kg of water at 100°C is 13490.584 kJ.
The heat or enthalpy for vaporization is the amount of heat energy which is required to bring change in the state of a substance, such as from a liquid into a vapor or gas. It is also known as enthalpy of vaporization. The unit of enthalpy for vaporization is given in joules (J) or calories (cal).
Given data :
mass of water = 6.00 kg
Hvap = 40.7 kJ/mol
To calculate the amount of heat -
we know,
the heat required for 1 mol of water to vaporize at 100°C is 40.7 kg
and
we know molar weight of water is 18.015 gram
So,
moles of 6.00 kg water is = 2600
18.1015
mole of water = 331.464 mol
Hence,
Heat change for vaporization is = 331.464 × 40.7
= 13490.584 kJ
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a voltaic cell is based on the reduction of ag (aq) to ag(s) and the oxidation of sn(s) to sn2 (aq).
Half-reaction for the cell's anode is given below:
Anode : [tex]\\Sn(s) \rightarrow Sn^{2+} (aq) +2e^{-}[/tex]
The anode is defined as the electrode at which electrons leave the cell and oxidation occurs, and the cathode as the electrode at which electrons enter the cell and reduction occurs. The anode is usually the positive side.
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Your given question is quite incomplete here is complete question.
A voltaic cell is based on the reduction of _ Agt(aq) to Ag(s) and the oxidation of Sn(s) to Sn2+(aql) : Part 1 Include the phases of all species in the chemical equation: (aqh Anode: Sn(s) Sn?+ (aq)
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the chemical bonds that form when atoms that have lost electrons are electrically attracted to atoms that have gained electrons are called
Explain why gases are compressible, but solids and liquids are not.
Answer:
The reason why solids and liquids can't compress is because there is no space between the individual particles, so they cannot pack together
Explanation:
The kinetic-molecular theory explains why gases are more compressible than either liquids or solids. Gases are compressible because most of the volume of a gas is composed of the large amounts of empty space between the gas particles.
Solution a has a hydrogen ion concentration of 3. 2 x 10-9 and solution b has a hydrogen ion concentration of 6. 9 x 10-5. Which solution is more basic?.
Solution a is more basic.
Basic solutions are those solutions whose pH is greater than 7.
The pH of a solution is calculated or determined by the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution. The relation between pH of a solution and the hydrogen ion concentration in it is given by :
pH = -log[ H+]
From this relation we can conclude that if the hydrogen ions concentration in a solution is more , the value of pH will become lower.
For Solution a, the pH is given by :
pH(a) = -log [ 3.2 x 10^-9 ] = 8.4948 ≅ 8.5
For Solution b, the pH is given by :
pH(b) = -log [ 9 x 10^-5 ] = 4.04 ≅ 4
Since the pH of solution b is lower than the pH of solution a , solution a is more basic than solution b. Moreover, the pH of solution a is approximately 8.5 which makes it a moderately strong basic solution.
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here are four sketches of substances. each sketch is drawn as if a sample of the substance were under a microscope so powerful that individual atoms could be seen. decide whether each sketch shows a sample of an element, a compound, or a mixture.
Substance X - compound because it is a combination of elements
Substance Y - Mixture because it is a combination of substances
Substances Z - Element because it contains atoms
Substance T - compound because it is a combination of elements
What are the samples?We know that an atom is the smallest particle of a substance that can take part in a chemical reaction. A compound is formed by a mixture of atoms. An element is obtained as the smallest independent part of a substance.
Now let use classify the samples shown in the images attached.
Substance X - compound because it is a combination of elements
Substance Y - Mixture because it is a combination of substances
Substances Z - Element because it contains atoms
Substance T - compound because it is a combination of elements
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an unknown solution has a ph of 7.2. which of these chemicals is likely to cause the greatest decrease in the ph of the solution when added to the solution? (5 points) hf koh nh3 hno3
The largest pH lowering agent is HNO3 . We need to add more H3O+ to the solution in order to reduce the pH.
What is pH and why is it significant?A solution's pH is a significant indicator of its chemical composition.The pH can affect how readily available nutrients are, how biological processes work, how bacteria behave, and how chemicals behave.How is pH determined?
There are two ways to measure pH: colorimetrically with indicator fluids or sheets and electrochemically with electrodes and a millivoltmeter for greater accuracy (pH meter).
Why is pH in water important?To maintain your body in equilibrium and to control metabolic processes, water pH is crucial. A diet that is too alkaline may prevent critical nutrients from being metabolised, while a diet that is too acidic will cause weight gain, a slowed immune response, and increased susceptibility to disease.learn more about pH here
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an agricultural chemist wished to study the effect of varying fertilizer applications on the growth of tomato plants. the chemist prepared a "stock" aqueous solution of urea, (nh2)2co, by dissolving 1.75 g of this compound in water to make 1.00 l of solution. then she prepared a series of more dilute solutions to apply to her tomato plants. one of these solutions contained 5.00 ml of "stock" solution diluted to give a final volume of 25.00 ml. what was the concentration of urea in this diluted solution?
The concentration of Urea in final solution will be [tex].00725[/tex] M.
We know that
[tex]M_1/M_2 = V_1/V_2[/tex]
where
[tex]M_1[/tex] is the concentration of solute in first solution
[tex]M_2[/tex] is the concentration of solute in second solution
[tex]V_1[/tex] is the volume of first solution
[tex]V_2[/tex] is the volume of second solution
According to question,
Solute is Urea whose molecular weight is 60gm
1,75 gram of urea is used
Therefore moles of urea used = [tex]1.75/60[/tex]
= .029
Molarity of urea = [tex].029/1L[/tex]
= .029
Volume of first solution = 5ml
Volume of second solution = 20ml ( [tex]25 - 5 = 20[/tex])
Therefore,
[tex].029/M_2 = 5/20[/tex]
[tex]M_2 = .00725[/tex]
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write the empirical formula for at least four ionic compounds that could be formed from the following ions: mno−4, fe2 , bro−3, nh 4
KMnO4; NaMnO4; LiMnO4
FeO ; FeCl2; FeS ; FeSO4
HBrO3; KBrO3; NaBrO3; LiBrO3
PbO2; PbS2; Pb(SO4)2; Pb(CO3)2
Ionic compounds are made up of charged particles called ions, which are created when an atom (or group of atoms) gains or loses an electron. An ion is classified as either positively or negatively charged depending on its charge.
What is an Emperical formula ?Chemical formulas for compounds that simply specify the proportions of the elements they contain rather than the exact number or arrangement of atoms are known as empirical formulas. The element in the compound with the lowest whole number ratio would be this one.
An empirical formula is used to indicate the simplest whole-number ratio of the various atoms in a molecule. The molecular formula indicates the precise number of different atom kinds that are present in a compound's molecule.Learn more about Emperical formula here:
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consider the equilibrium that exists for a saturated aqueous solution of pbcl2. pbcl2s⇄pb2 aq 2 cl-aq which expression gives the solubility product constant ksp for pbcl2 if the [pb2 ]
The solubility product is 4n³.
The equilibrium constant for a solid's dissolving into an aqueous solution is called the solubility product constant. It is represented as K(sp).
A solution is said to be saturated when it has dissolved all of the solutes it can. At a certain temperature, no additional solute can dissolve in a saturated solution.
Consider the equilibrium for a saturated PbCl₂ aqueous solution.
PbCl₂(s) ⇄⇄ Pb₂ (aq) + 2Cl⁻ (aq)
The equilibrium constant for the dissociation reaction of the PbCl₂ solution is:
K(sp) = [Pb²⁺] [Cl⁻]²
Now, [Pb²⁺] = n mol/L
In the solution, there is one-mole Pb²⁺ and two moles of Cl⁻ .
Therefore,
[Cl⁻] = 2n mol/L
So, the equilibrium constant for the dissociation reaction will be:
K(sp) = [Pb²⁺] [Cl⁻]²
K(sp) = n × (2n)²
K(sp) = n × 2n × 2n
K(sp) = 4n³
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. a large piece of jewelry has a mass of 132.6 g. a graduated cylinder initially contains 48.6 ml water. when the jewelry is submerged in the graduated cylinder, the total volume increases to 61.2 ml.
The large piece of jewelry that has a mass of 132.6 g and when is submerged in a graduated cylinder that initially contains 48.6 ml water and the volume increases to 61.2 ml once the piece of jewelry is submerged, has a density of: 10.523 g/ml
To solve this problem the formulas and the procedures that we have to use are:
v = v(f)-v(i)d = m/vWhere:
d= densitym= massv= volumev(f) = final volumev(i) = initial volumeInformation about the problem:
m = 132.6 gv(i) = 48.6 mlv(f) = 61.2 mlv = ?d =?Applying the volume formula we get:
v = v(f)-v(i)
v = 61.2 ml - 48.6 ml
v = 12.6 ml
Applying the density formula we get:
d = m/v
d = 132.6 g/12.6 ml
d = 10.523 g/ml
What is density?It is a physical quantity that expresses the ratio of the body mass to the volume it occupies.
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A student poured 25 grams of sugar
into a beaker containing 100 milliliters
of water. What is the mass of the
mixture after the sugar dissolves?
Using the information in the table to the right, calculate the average atomic mass of strontium. Report to two decimal places. amu A 3 column table with 4 rows titled Strontium. Column 1 is labeled Isotope with entries Upper S r-84, Upper S r-86, Upper S r-87, Upper S r-88. Column 2 is labeled Mass (a m u) with entries 83.913428, 85.909273, 86.908902, 87.905625. Column 3 is labeled Abundance (percent) with entries 0.56, 9.86, 7, 82.58.
The average atomic mass of strontium reported to two decimal places is 87.62 amu
The average atomic mass of an element may be determined by adding the atomic mass units of all its isotopes and dividing the result by the abundance percent/100.The average atomic mass of strontium (Sr) = [(atomic mass of Sr-84)(Abundance / 100) + (atomic mass of Sr-86)(Abundance / 100) + (atomic mass of Sr-87)(Abundance / 100) + (atomic mass of Sr-88)(Abundance / 100)].The average atomic mass of strontium[tex](Sr) = [(83.913428)(0.0056) + (85.909273)(0.0986) + (86.908902)(0.07) + (87.905625)(0.8258)][/tex]= 87.6166 amu ≅ 87.62 amu.The weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally. The average atomic mass, commonly referred to as atomic weight, is a naturally occurring sample of an element. The standard units for expressing average masses are unified atomic mass units (u), where 1 u equals precisely one-twelfth the mass of a neutral atom of carbon-12.To learn more about average atomic mass visit:
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What does it mean to use an empirical approach when attempting to answer a question?
Using an empirical approach when attempting to answer mean your answer should be based on data that is backed by experiments and evidence.
It is an experiment-based approach based on real-world data and results. The empirical approach-based answer should not be made up of theories and concepts. Your calculations and results should be based on experiences in the real world. Empirical research can be Quantitative research (information based on numerical data) or Qualitative (non-numerical).
On the other hand, non-empirical or theoretical answers are based on theories and concepts that have not been experimented as of now.
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