Indicate if the following pairs of compounds could be separated via liquid-liquid extraction.First, draw the structures of the compounds, next determine whether they are acids or bases or neutral. Finally, look up their pKa (or pKb) values and indicate which aqueous solution would separate them or if they are inseparable. Assume that you can utilize aqueous HCl, NaOH, or NaHCO3 for your extractions. For each case that will not work, give the reason.You don't have to draw structure, just explain if they are able to be separated or not and with what and why.1. picric acid and phenol2. salicyclic acid and phenol3. triethylamine and diethylamine4. 3-nitrobenzoic acid and 2-nitrobenzoic acid5. benzylamine and aniline

The two cations, Fe2+ and Cu2+, present in the solution will react with lead metal to form Pb2+ in lead fishing sinker immersed in a solution of Fe2+ and Cu2+. The balanced reaction that will occur is given below; Pb(s) + Fe2+(aq) → Pb2+(aq) + Fe(s) Pb(s) + Cu2+(aq) → Pb2+(aq) + Cu(s)

When the lead fishing sinker is immersed in the solution containing Fe2+ and Cu2+, the lead metal will get oxidized to Pb2+ in both the cases, forming two separate reaction equations. Pb(s) + Fe2+(aq) → Pb2+(aq) + Fe(s) (Equation 1)Pb(s) + Cu2+(aq) → Pb2+(aq) + Cu(s) (Equation 2)Here, in the reaction 1, the Fe2+ cation acts as an oxidizing agent and gets reduced to Fe, while the Pb metal gets oxidized to Pb2+.

In reaction 2, the Cu2+ cation acts as an oxidizing agent and gets reduced to Cu, while the Pb metal gets oxidized to Pb2+.Lead is a less reactive metal and gets easily oxidized. This leads to the formation of Pb2+ ions in the solution. The lead metal is immersed in the solution and thus gets oxidized as per the redox reactions mentioned above. The two reactions occur independently in the presence of Fe2+ and Cu2+ ions.

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The activation energy of the reaction, given that the rate constant has tripled when the temperature rose from 25 °C to 65 °C, is 42.6 kJ/mole.


Activation energy is the minimum energy required for a reaction to take place. It is calculated using the Arrhenius equation, which states that the rate constant, k, is proportional to the exponential of negative activation energy (Ea) divided by the gas constant (R) multiplied by the absolute temperature (T).

As the rate constant has tripled when the temperature increased, the activation energy can be calculated as Ea = -R * (1/T2 - 1/T1).

Plugging in the given temperature values of 25 °C and 65 °C and the gas constant, R, the activation energy is 42.6 kJ/mole.

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For the given reaction, the moles of chlorine required to react with 3 moles of phosphorus to completely use up all the phosphorus.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:

P4 + 6Cl2 → 4PCl3

Now, the stoichiometric ratio between P4 and Cl2 can be seen from the balanced equation as 1 mole of P4 reacts with 6 moles of Cl2.

So,

3 moles of P4 will require= 6 moles of Cl2 × (3 moles of P4 / 1 mole of P4)= 18 moles of Cl2

Therefore, 18 moles of Cl2 would be required to react with 3 moles of P4 to entirely use up all the phosphorus.

Note:

The balanced chemical equation is used to calculate the moles of reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction.

The mole ratio between the reactants and products can be determined from the balanced chemical equation.

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Answer:  Mass percent N2 = 79.55% (to 3 significant figures).

To calculate the mass percent of N2 in the mixture, first calculate the molar mass of the mixture, which is:

Molar mass = (3.54g * 1 mol/28.0134 g) + (7.48 l * 1.03 atm * 0.08206 l * atm / (305 K * 0.7302 mol/g))

Molar mass = 3.542 g/mol

Then, calculate the mass percent of N2 in the mixture:

Mass percent N2 = (28.0134 g * 1 mol/3.542 g) * 100%

Mass percent N2 = 79.55% (to 3 significant figures).

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Answer:

The general principle of science shown by the lab is: "Changes to one part of a system can affect other parts of the system."

Explanation:

This principle is also known as the principle of interdependence, which states that parts of a system are interconnected and can influence one another. In this case, the lab modeled how changes to Earth's surface, such as deforestation or urbanization, can affect the properties of the atmosphere, such as temperature and composition.

The mass of the iron (Fe) sample that contains the same number of moles as a 14.0 g sample of Ar is 55.8 g.

To solve this problem, we must first determine the number of moles of Ar in the given 14.0 g sample. Ar's molar mass is 39.95 g/mol, according to the periodic table. Therefore, 14.0 g of Ar (1 mol Ar/39.95 g) = 0.350 mol Ar.

So the sample's Fe mass, which contains the same number of moles, is determined using the molar mass of iron (Fe) from the periodic table. Iron's molar mass is 55.8 g/mol. Therefore, the mass of the Fe sample is as follows:0.350 mol Fe x 55.8 g/mol = 19.53 g Fe. So, there are 19.53 grams of Fe in a sample of Fe that contains the same number of moles as a 14.0 g sample of Ar.

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To determine how many milliliters (ml) of 0.280 m barium nitrate are required to remove all of the sulfate ions from 25.0 ml of 0.350 m aluminum sulfate, you can use the following equation:

Molarity (M) = moles/volume (V)

First, calculate the number of moles of sulfate ions in the given volume of aluminum sulfate.

M = 0.350 M = moles/25.0 ml

moles = 0.350 M x 25.0 ml = 8.75 moles

Next, calculate the number of moles of barium nitrate that are needed to completely remove the sulfate ions.

M = 0.280 M = moles/V

moles = 8.75 moles/V

V = 8.75 moles/0.280 M = 31.25 ml

Therefore, 31.25 ml of 0.280 m barium nitrate is required to remove all of the sulfate ions from 25.0 ml of 0.350 m aluminum sulfate.

This is because molarity (M) is a measure of concentration that is equal to moles of a substance divided by the volume of the solution (V). Thus, to remove the sulfate ions from the aluminum sulfate solution, you must calculate the molarity of the aluminum sulfate, calculate the number of moles of sulfate ions in the solution, and then calculate the number of moles of barium nitrate that are needed to completely remove the sulfate ions. The volume of barium nitrate required is equal to the number of moles of sulfate ions divided by the molarity of the barium nitrate.  

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Therefore, the concentration of Pb2+ ions in the solution is 0.0098 M. The chemical equation describing how lead (II) chloride dissolves in water Pb2+ (aq) + 2Cl- PbCl2 (s) (aq) For this reaction.

Ksp = [Pb2 +] [Cl -] 2 We are provided that the Ksp value of PbCl2 is 1.7 × 10^-5. Also, we are informed that 0.90 moles of Cl- ions have been added to the mixture. We may assume that the concentration of Pb2+ ions is insignificant compared to the concentration of Cl- ions since the stoichiometry of the reaction is 1:2 for Pb2+:Cl-. Let x be the concentration of Pb2+ ions in the solution. Then, the concentration of Cl- ions is 2x (because the stoichiometry is 1:2 for Pb2+:Cl-). The total concentration of Cl- ions in the solution is therefore:

[Cl-]total = 2x + 0.90

Since the solubility product expression for[tex]PbCl2 is Ksp = [Pb2+][Cl-]^2, \\[/tex]we can write:

[tex]Ksp = x(2x + 0.90)^2Solving for x, we get:x = 0.0098 M[/tex]

Therefore, the concentration of Pb2+ ions in the solution is 0.0098 M.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The statement mentioned in the question is not a question. However, I can provide some information related to the given statement.Nickel(II) chloride refers to the chemical compound with the formula NiCl2. It is also known as Nickelous chloride. When nickel(II) chloride is dissolved in water, it forms a saturated solution of concentration 1 M (1 mole/Liter). A saturated solution refers to the solution in which no more solute can be dissolved in it at a given temperature and pressure.To summarize, the given statement means that if you dissolve nickel(II) chloride in water, you will obtain a saturated solution of concentration 1 M (1 mole/Liter).

Answer:

This is just a quick tip.

Explanation:

An electric current is the movement of particles, starting at the moment when an external voltage is applied at one of the ends of the conductor. That, in turn, generates an electric field on the negatively charged electrons that are attracted to the positive terminal of the external voltage.

The lattice energy for LiF will be greater than that of LiI.

Thus, the correct answer is larger.

Lattice energy, also known as lattice enthalpy, is the energy that must be supplied to completely separate one mole of an ionic compound into its gaseous ions. The lattice energy of an ionic compound depends on two things: the charge on the ions and the size of the ions.

This energy can be calculated by subtracting the energy required to separate the ions from the energy gained when the ions bond. The reason why the lattice energy of LiF is higher than that of LiI is the smaller the ions and the higher the charge, the more energy will be released when they come together to form a crystal lattice. Li+ and F- ions are both smaller in size and higher in charge than Li+ and I- ions, respectively.

As a result, the lattice energy of LiF will be larger than that of LiI.

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Answer:

The student is calculating how many moles of water are required to fully react with 2.1 moles of aluminum.

Explanation:

2AL + 6H20  > 2AL(OH)3  + 3H2

The ratio 6:2 is the same as the molar ratio of H2O to Al:  (6 moles H2O)/(2 moles Al).  The student is likely calculating how many moles of water is required to fully react with 2.1 moles of Al.  

Metals have a high theoretical strength, but their actual strength is usually lower. This is because metals are made up of individual grains or crystals, which are all slightly misaligned with each other.

During loading, these misalignments create slip planes which concentrate the applied stress, leading to the material yielding (or deforming plastically) before it breaks.

Other causes of the reduced actual strength are stress corrosion cracking, fatigue, and defects like inclusions and grain boundaries.

The actual strength of a metal is affected by the grain size and the volume fraction of grain boundaries, as the grain boundaries are weaker than the grains themselves.

The shape and distribution of the grains also influence the strength, as the misalignments of the grains affect how stress is distributed in the material.

The microstructural features, such as the presence of inclusions, can affect the strength. Finally, the chemical composition and heat treatment of the metal can also have a great effect on the strength.

The actual strength of metals is lower than their theoretical strength due to the misalignments between grains, the presence of grain boundaries, stress corrosion cracking, fatigue, and microstructural features like inclusions.

Heat treatment and chemical composition can also affect the strength of metals.

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The type of alcohol with two other carbons attached to the carbon with the hydroxyl group is isopropanol or isopropyl alcohol (CH3)2CHOH.

Alcohol is an organic compound with a hydroxyl (OH) group bonded to a saturated carbon atom is called an alcohol. The simplest alcohols are methanol, ethanol, and propanol.The alcohol class is significant because it includes a variety of useful and prevalent compounds. A few examples of alcohols include ethanol, methanol, and isopropyl alcohol, isopropanol.

An alcohol is isopropyl alcohol or isopropanol (CH3)2CHOH, it's a colorless, flammable liquid that has a slightly sweet odor. It is miscible in water and most organic solvents and is used primarily as a solvent and rubbing alcohol. Isopropyl alcohol has been used as an antiseptic since the 1920s. Isopropyl alcohol's antiseptic properties are due to its ability to denature proteins.

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The explanation that best describes what beta particles are blocked by is: This type of radiation is blocked by aluminum or metal foil.

Beta particles are high-energy, high-speed electrons or positrons emitted by certain types of radioactive decay. Beta particles have a lower penetrating power than gamma rays and can be stopped by thin layers of materials such as aluminum or metal foil.

However, if the beta particle is more energetic, it may require a thicker material such as plastic, wood or thick clothing to block it. Lead or concrete can also be effective in stopping beta particles, but they are not as effective as they are in blocking gamma rays.

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The density of heavy water at 20°C is 0.112 g/ml.

The density of normal water at 20°C is 0.9982 g/ml. To calculate the density of heavy water, we need to consider the difference in mass between normal hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D).

Since deuterium has one proton and one neutron, its mass is about twice that of hydrogen.

Assuming the size of deuterium is the same as normal hydrogen when it is part of water, the molar mass of heavy water would be 2 x 1.0079 g/mol (the molar mass of H2O), or 2.0158 g/mol.

Since the density of a substance is equal to the mass of the substance per unit volume, the density of heavy water at 20°C would be equal to 2.0158 g/mol/18 g/mol, which is equal to 0.112 g/ml.

This is approximately 11.2% greater than the density of normal water at 20°C.

Water consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom. In the case of normal water, both hydrogen atoms are normal hydrogen (H), while in heavy water, one of the hydrogen atoms is replaced by deuterium (D).

As deuterium is about twice as massive as hydrogen, its presence increases the mass of the molecule, resulting in a higher density.

The density of heavy water at 20°C is approximately 11.2% greater than the density of normal water, due to the presence of deuterium, which has twice the mass of hydrogen.

By assuming the size of deuterium is the same as normal hydrogen, the expected density of heavy water at 20°C by multiplying the molar mass of water (1.0079 g/mol) by two, giving us a density of 0.112 g/ml.

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The empirical formula of the solid can be represented as x:y.

The empirical formula of the solid is determined by the ratio of the atoms found at the corners and faces of the face-centered cubic cell.

Since the number of atoms at the corners is represented by x, and the number of atoms at the faces is represented by y, then the empirical formula of the solid can be represented as x:y.

For example, if a face-centered cubic cell contains 2 atoms at the corners and 6 atoms at the faces, then the empirical formula of the solid can be written as 2:6, or 1:3.

The empirical formula of the solid, it is necessary to first determine the total number of atoms that make up the cell.

This can be done by multiplying the number of atoms at the corners (x) by 8, since there are 8 corners in a face-centered cubic cell, and adding the result to the number of atoms at the faces (y).

This total number of atoms can be represented as T, and can be written as T = 8x + y.

The empirical formula of the solid is then determined by dividing the number of atoms at the corners (x) and faces (y) by the total number of atoms (T). This calculation can be written as x/T and y/T.

Therefore, the empirical formula of the solid is determined by the equation x/T:y/T.

For example, if a face-centered cubic cell contains 2 atoms at the corners and 6 atoms at the faces, then the total number of atoms in the cell is 14 (8x2 + 6).

Therefore, the empirical formula of the solid can be calculated as 2/14:6/14, or 1:3.

The empirical formula of the solid in a face-centered cubic cell can be determined by,

calculating the total number of atoms in the cell (8x + y), and then dividing the number of atoms at the corners (x) and faces (y) by this total number. The result is the empirical formula of the solid, which is represented as x:y.

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The pressure in the container at the higher temperature would be 3.37 atm.

To solve this problem, we can use the ideal gas law:

PV = nRT

where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

Since the container is sealed and the number of moles of gas cannot change, we can set the initial and final pressures and volumes equal to each other, and solve for the final pressure:

P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

Where P1, V1, and T1 are the initial pressure, volume, and temperature, respectively, and P2 and T2 are the final pressure and temperature, respectively.

Substituting the given values, we get:

2.62 atm × 35.0 mL / 298.52 K = P2 × 35.0 mL / 357.30 K

Simplifying, we get:

P2 = (2.62 atm × 35.0 mL / 298.52 K) × (357.30 K / 35.0 mL)

P2 = 3.37 atm

Therefore, the pressure in the container at the higher temperature is approximately 3.37 atm.

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The equilibrium constant for the reversible reaction in aqueous medium is 88.

In order to determine the equilibrium constant for the reversible reaction in aqueous medium given that respective concentrations of A, B, C, and D are 0.0117 M, 0.00440 M, 0.00550 M, and 0.00780 M, we can use the equilibrium constant expression:

Kc = [tex][C]^{2} [D]^{3} / [A]^{3} [B]^{3}[/tex]

where [A], [B], [C], and [D] are the molar concentrations of the species involved in the reaction.

Substituting the concentration values into the equilibrium constant expression:

Kc =[tex](0.00550 M)^{2} (0.00780 M)^{3} / (0.0117 M)^{3} (0.00440 M)^{3}[/tex]

Kc = 87.8.

The equilibrium constant for the reversible reaction in aqueous medium is 88 (to the nearest whole number).

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One mole any of which substance contains a total of 6.023 X 10²³ atoms by atoms/molecule.

6.02 X 10²³ units of any given substance make up one mole of that material. The fact that one mole of a material has a mass in grammes that is exactly equal to the substance's formula weight is also significant. As a result, one mole of an element contains 6.02 X 10²³ of the element's atoms and has a mass in grammes equal to the element's atomic weight.

Make sure to be clear about what you're referring to while discussing the diatomic gases, sulphur, and phosphorus, which do not exist as single atoms.

1 mole of substance contains 6.023 X 10²³ molecules.

Volume of solution = 100 mL = 0.1 L

Molarity of solution = 0.02 M

Molarity = number of moles of solute/ Volume of solution (in L)

no. of moles of solute = molarity × volume

=0.02 mol L−1×0.1 L

= 0.002 mol.

Thus, 12.044 x 10²⁰ molecules of H2SO4 are present in 100mL of 0.02 M H2SO4 solution.

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Complete question;

One mole of any substance contains 6.022 × 1023 atoms/molecules. Number of molecules of H2SO4 present in 100 mL of 0.02M H2SO4 solution is.

Whether a substance dissolves in a particular solvent depends on several factors, including the solubility of the substance in the solvent, the temperature of the solvent, and the amount of substance and solvent involved.

Solubility refers to the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent, which is typically a liquid, gas, or solid.

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During the nitration of methyl benzoate, acts as a nucleophile is a. methyl benzoate.

Nitration is a chemical reaction process in which an aromatic ring is treated with a mixture of nitric acid and sulphuric acid (nitration mixture) to add one or more nitro functional groups to the ring. Aromatic compounds like benzene, toluene, or naphthalene, are often used as substrates.

The compound that undergoes nitration is generally an electron-rich compound. The reaction mechanism of the nitration reaction includes the generation of an intermediate compound known as nitronium ion, NO2+. In this case, during the nitration of methyl benzoate, the methyl benzoate acts as the nucleophile.HTML formatted answer:The nucleophile during the nitration of methyl benzoate is the methyl benzoate.

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Two elements, sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) come together, they form a compound called sodium chloride (NaCl), which is also known as table salt.

Table salt is that it is a chemical ionic compound made up of sodium and chlorine atoms that are bonded together.

Table salt is one of the most common chemical compounds found on earth. It is a white, crystalline substance that is highly soluble in water. It is used in many ways, including cooking, preserving food, and as a seasoning.

Table salt has a number of properties that make it useful in various applications. It is highly reactive with other chemicals, which makes it a good cleaning agent.

It is also highly conductive, which makes it useful in electrochemical applications. Additionally, it is non-toxic, which makes it safe to use in food applications.

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A 0.01m solution of hydrochloric acid has a pH of 2 because the hydrochloric acid is a strong acid and completely dissociates into its ions, H+ and Cl-, when it is dissolved in water.

This increases the amount of H+ in the solution, resulting in a low pH. On the other hand, acetic acid is a weak acid, which means that it does not completely dissociate into its ions when it is dissolved in water.

Therefore, there is not a large increase in H+ ions in the solution and the pH of the solution is not as low, resulting in a pH of 3.37.

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To determine the number of moles of KIO3 required to produce 250g of O2, we need to use stoichiometry and the molar mass of O2. the molar mass of O2 The molar mass of O2 is 32 g/mol 16 g/mol for each oxygen atom.

An atom is the basic unit of matter, consisting of a nucleus of protons and neutrons, with electrons in orbit around the nucleus. Atoms are incredibly small, with a diameter of about 0.1 to 0.5 nanometers. The identity of an element is determined by the number of protons in the nucleus of its atoms.

The nucleus is a dense, positively charged central core of an atom that contains protons and neutrons. It is surrounded by negatively charged electrons that orbit around the nucleus in shells or energy levels. The number of protons in the nucleus determines the atomic number and chemical properties of an element. The nucleus also holds most of the mass of an atom. In summary, the nucleus is the central region of an atom where most of its mass is concentrated, and it is made up of protons and neutrons.

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Plutonium-239 is a radioactive isotope that has a half-life of 24000 years. When it has decayed to 1% of its original level, it is considered safe.

PLUTONIUM -

As plutonium isotopes decay, they undergo chemical changes. They might change into new elements like uranium or neptunium or into new isotopes of plutonium.

These "daughter products" frequently contain radioactive elements themselves. The atomic number 94 metal element plutonium is radioactive.

Scientists looking for a way to break atoms for use in nuclear weapons made the discovery in 1940. When uranium atoms absorb neutrons in a nuclear reactor, plutonium is produced.

The vast majority of plutonium in the world is produced artificially.

To be considered safe, it must be stored securely for approximately 240,000 years.

How long must the pu-239 be stored securely to be considered safe?

The decay of Plutonium-239 to 1% of its initial level, which is considered safe, requires approximately ten half-lives.

As a result, plutonium-239 must be kept securely for ten times its half-life, or approximately 240,000 years, to be considered safe.

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It is important to include reactions that contain the substrate but not the enzyme in your kinetic analysis to understand the substrate's effect on the reaction rate, independent of the enzyme.

It is a good idea to include reactions that contain substrate but not enzyme in your kinetic analysis because doing so will provide you with a control sample that will assist you in calculating the rate of reaction in the absence of enzyme. Therefore, the rate of reaction produced by this reaction will provide a benchmark against which the rate of reaction of the test sample containing enzyme can be measured.

Additionally, by including reactions that contain substrate but no enzyme, it is possible to measure the effects of other factors on the reaction rate. These factors may include temperature, pressure, pH, and the presence of inhibitors and activators.

In summary, including reactions that contain substrate but no enzyme in your kinetic analysis will enable you to quantify the effect of enzyme activity on the rate of reaction and understand the impact of other factors on the reaction rate.

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Yes, the solubility of NH4Cl fits the pattern that most solids are more soluble in warm water than in cold water.

On increasing the temperature of the solvent, the solubility of the solute increases. The solubility of NH4Cl, which is an example of a solid, follows this trend. In other words, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) dissolves more readily in warm water than in cold water.

When water is heated, the kinetic energy of the water molecules increases, causing them to move more rapidly. As a result, more space is created in the water, allowing it to dissolve more solute.

NH4Cl is a soluble salt that dissolves in water with a pH value of less than 7. It is readily soluble in water, with a solubility of 372 g/L at 20 degrees Celsius. As a result, increasing the temperature will increase the solubility of NH4Cl.

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The complete balanced equation for the neutralization reaction between HCl and NaHCO₃ is:

HCl + NaHCO₃ → NaCl + H₂O + CO₂

The reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) is known as a neutralization reaction. In this reaction, HCl and NaHCO₃ combine to produce NaCl, water, and carbon dioxide.

The reaction can be represented by the following equation: HCl + NaHCO₃ → NaCl + H₂O + CO₂

This reaction already the balanced chemical equation for the reaction since the number of each element in the reactant side is equal to the number of each element in the product side.

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Adding a catalyst to a chemical system at equilibrium does not result in the reaction fraction decreasing and the equilibrium constant increasing. Here options B and D are the correct answer.

Adding a catalyst to a chemical system at equilibrium can increase the rate of both the forward and reverse reactions, but it does not change the position of the equilibrium. The following are the possible effects of adding a catalyst:

A) The forward and reverse reaction rates are increased. This statement is true. A catalyst provides an alternate reaction pathway with a lower activation energy, which means more molecules can react in a given amount of time, resulting in an increase in both the forward and reverse reaction rates.

B) The reaction quotient decreases. This statement is not necessarily true. The reaction quotient (Q) depends on the concentrations of the reactants and products at any given point during the reaction. Adding a catalyst does not affect the concentrations of the reactants and products, so the reaction quotient remains the same.

C) The reaction quotient is unaffected. This statement is true. As mentioned above, the reaction quotient depends on the concentrations of the reactants and products, which are not affected by the addition of a catalyst.

D) The equilibrium constant increases. This statement is not true. The equilibrium constant is a constant value that depends only on the temperature and the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation. Adding a catalyst does not change the equilibrium constant value.

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Complete question:

Which of the following are not the results of adding a catalyst to a chemical system at equilibrium? select all that apply:

A - the forward and reverse reaction rates are increased.

B - the reaction quotient decreases.

C - the reaction quotient is unaffected.

D - the equilibrium constant increases.