In what ways do goals and objectives help managers control various processes within an organization? How do specific and measurable goals affect employees and promote organizational performance? Provide an example from your own experience of when a specific goal or objective provided beneficial control over a process. Explain what the beneficial control was and how did it positively impact organizational performance.

Textbook: Principles of Management-v.1.1

Answer:

In what ways do goals and objectives help managers control various processes within an organization?

Goals establish the basis of the corporate strategy. Without clear goals, managers cannot devise and implement a corporate strategy, and without a corporate strategy, the firm does not have a clear path of action.

As we can see, goals are very important for an organization because they determine what the company should achieve, and what actions and policies the company should implement in order to achieve it.

How do specific and measurable goals affect employees and promote organizational performance?

Employees become motivated because they can actually see what their performance is like, and how it can be improved upon in case its not meeting the organizational performance standards.

However, managers should be careful when setting these measurable goals, and should also be flexible: if an employee does not meet these goals in his first attempt, they should try to understand why, and work with the employee so that he or she can improve their performance.

Specific and measurable goals and objectives can allow managers to make more practical decisions and better control over employees to achieve goals. Practical decisions mean that the goals are realistic, and the goals are time-based and measurable.  

Furthermore, goals and objectives can offer a form of control as they provide communication opportunities about how effectively or poorly the company is executing its plans.  

Finally, managers can emphasize positive practices in the organization to employees because they understand what to do, what must be achieved, and when to achieve it.

To illustrate how a specific goal or objective provides useful control over a process, I will explain through my experience as a tour guide. Our goal can be as simple as making the trip enjoyable. So I have to set a specific and observable objective for my members in terms of goal sections. I gave them a checklist to make sure that they had taken everything in their package, such as license, visa, local currency, and that they had to do it by the time they left the house and arrived at the gathering point on time.

As a result, my members know what to do, and we do not have to waste time because something is missing. As I said, I explained the goals for each move to ensure that everything was under control. If I had not arranged a meeting time and place, they would not be sure when or where they can come.  

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How would a businessperson be most likely to use seed capital?
A. To purchase equipment for a business
B. To hire managers for a business
C. To hire workers for a business
D. To research the feasibility of opening a business

Northwood Company manufactures basketballs. The company has a ball that sells for $25. At present, the ball is manufactured in a small plant that relies heavily on direct labor workers. Thus, variable expenses are high, totaling $15.00 per ball, of which 60% is direct labor cost. Last year, the company sold 50,000 of these balls, with the following results:_______.
Sales (50,000 balls) $ 1,250,000
Variable expenses 750,000
Contribution margin 500,000
Fixed expenses 320,000
Net operating income $ 180,000
Required:
1. Compute (a) last year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls, and (b) the degree of operating leverage at last year’s sales level.
2. Due to an increase in labor rates, the company estimates that next year's variable expenses will increase by $3.00 per ball. If this change takes place and the selling price per ball remains constant at $25.00, what will be next year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls?
3. Refer to the data in (2) above. If the expected change in variable expenses takes place, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $202,000, as last year?
4. Refer again to the data in (2) above. The president feels that the company must raise the selling price of its basketballs. If Northwood Company wants to maintain the same CM ratio as last year (as computed in requirement 1a), what selling price per ball must it charge next year to cover the increased labor costs?
5. Refer to the original data. The company is discussing the construction of a new, automated manufacturing plant. The new plant would slash variable expenses per ball by 40.00%, but it would cause fixed expenses per year to double. If the new plant is built, what would be the company’s new CM ratio and new break-even point in balls?
6. Refer to the data in (5) above.
a. If the new plant is built, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $202,000, as last year?
b. Assume the new plant is built and that next year the company manufactures and sells 37,000 balls (the same number as sold last year). Prepare a contribution format income statement and compute the degree of operating leverage.

Identify which of the arguments for restricting trade that each of the following rebuttals directs against. Rebuttals The Jobs Argument The National-Security Argument The Infant-Industry Argument The Unfair-Competition Argument The Protection-as-a-Bargaining-Chip Argument (A) The gains of the consumers from buying imports at the low price subsidized by foreign governments would exceed the losses of domestic producers. (B) Companies may exaggerate the degree to which their products are essential to national defense in order to obtain protection from foreign competition at the expense of consumers. (C) The country may be forced into deciding between implementing trade restrictions as threatened, which would make the society as a whole worse off, or backing down on its own threat, which would cause it to lose credibility in foreign affairs. (D) Opening up to free trade may impose hardship on some workers in the short run, but it also creates jobs in industries in which the country has a comparative advantage and enables the country as a whole to enjoy a higher standard of living.

A study conducted by Yahoo! revealed that chocolate is the most popular flavor of ice cream in America. Now, Suppose a severe drought in the Midwest causes dairy farmers to reduce the number of milk-producing cattle in their herds by a third. These dairy farmers supply cream that is used to manufacture chocolate ice cream. Indicate the possible effects on demand, supply, or both, as well as the equilibrium price and quantity of chocolate ice cream.
a. The demand curve for chocolate ice cream
a. does not shift
b. shifts to the left
c. shifts to the right
b. The supply curve for chocolate ice cream
a. shifts to the left
b. does not shift
c. shifts to the right
c. The equilibrium price of chocolate ice cream
a. could increase or dereease.
b. decreases.
c. increases
d. The equilibrum quantity of chocolate ice cream
a. decreases
b. increases.
c. could increase or decrease.

Four fundamental factors affect the cost of money: (1) the return that borrowers expect to earn on their investments, (2) the preference of savers to spend their income in the current period rather than delay their consumption until some future period, (3) the risks associated with the investment, and (4) expected inflation.

Consider the following statements that address these factors, and indicate which you think are true.

Statement 1: On average and everything else held constant, it is generally assumed that savers and investors prefer immediate consumption to deferred, or postponed, spending.
Statement 2: Investments providing cash flows that are more likely to equal their expected value are said to exhibit more risk.
Statement 3: The onset of 5% inflation means that your receipt of a $100 interest payment allows you to purchase only $95 worth of goods and services.
Statement 4: The inflation premium used to calculate the nominal interest rate on a five-year security should be equal to the rate of inflation expected in year 5 of the investment.

The true statements are:
a. 1 and 4
b. 2 and 4
c. 1 and 3
d. 2 and 3

The following December 31, 2021, fiscal year-end account balance information is available for the Stone Corporation:Cash and cash equivalents $ 6,200Accounts receivable (net) 32,000Inventory 72,000Property, plant, and equipment (net) 180,000Accounts payable 51,000Salaries payable 23,000Paid-in capital 160,000The only asset not listed is short-term investments. The only liabilities not listed are $42,000 notes payable due in two years and related accrued interest of $1,000 due in four months. The current ratio at year-end is 1.5:1.Required:Determine the following at December 31, 2021:1. Total current assets2. Short-term investments3. Retained earnings

Classifications on Balance SheetThe balance sheet contains the following major sections:Current assetsLong-term investmentsProperty, plant, and equipmentIntangible assetsOther assetsCurrent liabilitiesLong-term liabilitiesContributed capitalRetained earningsAccumulated other comprehensive incomeRequired:The following is a list of accounts. Using the letters A through J, indicate in which section of the balance sheet each of the accounts would be classified. If an account does not belong under one of the sections listed, select "Not under any of the choices" from the classification drop down box. For all accounts, indicate if the account is a contra account or an account that would normally be deducted on the balance sheet by selecting "yes" from the second drop down box, otherwise select "no".Account Classification Contra orDeducted (Yes/No)1. Cash 2. Bonds Payable (due in 8 years) 3. Machinery 4. Deficit 5. Unexpired Insurance 6. Franchise (net) 7. Fund to Retire Preferred Stock 8. Current Portion of Mortgage Payable 9. Accumulated Depreciation 10. Copyrights 11. Investment in Held-to-Maturity Bonds 12. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 13. Notes Receivable (due in 3 years) 14. Property Taxes Payable 15. Deferred Taxes Payable 16. Additional Paid-in Capital on Preferred Stock 17. Premium on Bonds Payable (due in 8 years) 18. Work in Process 19. Common Stock, $1 par 20. Land 21. Treasury Stock (at cost) 22. Unrealized Increase in Value of Available-for-Sale Securities

Company sells a product for per unit. Variable costs are per​ unit, and fixed costs are per month. The company expects to sell units in . Calculate the contribution margin per​ unit, in​ total, and as a ratio.

Pun Corporation concluded the fair value of Slender Company was $67,000 and paid that amount to acquire its net assets. Slender reported assets with a book value of $53,000 and fair value of $64,000 and liabilities with a book value and fair value of $21,000 on the date of combination. Pun also paid $14,000 to a search firm for finder’s fees related to the acquisition.

Required:
Prepare the journal entries to be made by Pun to record its investment in Slender and its payment of the finder's fees.

The YTM on a bond is the interest rate you earn on your investment if interest rates don’t change. If you actually sell the bond before it matures, your realized return is known as the holding period yield (HPY).
Requirement:
1. Suppose that today you buy a bond with an annual coupon rate of 8% for $1,170. The bond has 16 years to maturity. What rate of return do you expect to earn on your investment? Assume a par value of $1,000.
2. Two years from now, the YTM on your bond has declined by 1%, and you decide to sell.
A) What price will your bond sell for?
B) What is the HPY on your investment?

Cordell Inc. experienced the following events in Year 1, its first year of operation: Received $59,000 cash from the issue of common stock. Performed services on account for $81,000. Paid a $5,900 cash dividend to the stockholders. Collected $65,000 of the accounts receivable. Paid $59,000 cash for other operating expenses. Performed services for $19,000 cash. Recognized $2,900 of accrued utilities expense at the end of the year.
Required
a. & c. Identify the events that result in revenue or expense recognition and those which affect the statement of cash flows. In the Statement of Cash Flows column, use OA to designate operating activity, FA for financing activity, IA for investing activity and NA to indicate the element is not affected by the event.
b. Based on your response to Requirement a, determine the amount of net income reported on the 2018 income statement.
d. Based on your response to Requirement c, determine the amount of cash flow from operating activities reported on the 2018 statement of cash flows.
e. What is the before- and after-closing balance in the service revenue account?
f. What is the balance of the retained earnings account that appears on the 2018 balance sheet?

Brooks Foundry in Charleston, South Carolina​, uses a predetermined manufacturing overhead rate to allocate overhead to individual jobs based on the machine hours required. At the beginning of the​ year, the company expected to incur the​ following:
Manufacturing overhead costs $650,000
Direct labor cost $1,300,000
Machine hours 81,250
At the end of the year, the company had actually incurred:
Direct labor cost $1,190,000
Depreciation on manufacturing plant and equipment $485,000
Property taxes on plant $21,500
Sales salaries $26,000
Delivery drivers' wages $14,500
Plant janitors' wages $11,000
Machine hours 54,500 hours
Requirements:
1. Compute predetermined manufacturing overhead rate.
2. How much manufacturing overhead was allocated to jobs during the​ year?
3. How much manufacturing overhead was incurred during the​ year? Is manufacturing overhead underallocated or overallocated at the end of the​ year? By how​ much?
4. Were the jobs overcosted or​ undercosted? By how​ much?

Brilliant Accents Company manufactures and sells three styles of kitchen faucets: Brass, Chrome, and White. Production takes 25, 25, and 10 machine hours to manufacture 1000-unit batches of brass, chrome and white faucets, respectively. The following additional data apply:
BRASS CHROME WHITE
Projected sales in units 30,000 50,000 40,000
Per unit data: Selling price $40 $20 $30
Direct materials $8 $4 $8
Direct labor $15 $3 $9
Overhead cost based on
direct labor hours
(traditional system) $12 $3 $9
Hours per 1000-unit batch:
Direct labor hours 40 10 30
Machine hours 25 25 10
Setup hours 1.0 0.5 1.0
Inspection hours 30 20 20
Total overhead costs and activity levels for the year are estimated as follows:
Activity Overhead costs Activity levels
Direct Labor hours 2,900 hours
Machine hours 2,400 hours
Setups $465,500 95 setup hours
Inspections $405,000 2,700 inspection hours $870,500
1. Using the ABC system, for each style of faucet, compute the estimated overhead cost per unit.
2. Compute the estimated operating profit per unit.

The following data were extracted from the income statement of Keever Inc.: Current Year Previous Year Sales $18,500,000 $20,000,000 Beginning inventories 940,000 860,000 Cost of goods sold 9,270,000 10,800,000 Ending inventories 1,120,000 940,000 a. Determine for each year (1) the inventory turnover and (2) the number of days' sales in inv

A sports nutrition company created an energy drink which they think improves athletic performance. In one study, weightlifters were randomly assigned to drink either this new sports drink or flavored water (with a similar taste). The study found that those drank the sports drink were able to lift more weight than before, while those who drank the flavored water were only able to lift the same weight as before.
Is it valid for the company to claim that the cause of the first group lifting more weight than before is due to them drinking the new sports drink?
A. No, because this is an observational study which does not address causation.
B. No, because this is neither an experimental nor observational study.
C. No, because the stronger athletes were likely to drink the new sports drink whereas the weaker athletes were likely to drink flavored water.
D. Yes, because this is an experimental study.

Prepare summary journal entries to record the following transactions for a company in its first month of operations.

a. Raw materials purchased on account, $90,000.
b. Direct materials used in production, $39,500.
c. Indirect materials used in production, $18,000. Paid cash for factory payroll, $60,000.
d. Of this total, $40,000 is for direct labor and $20,000 is for indirect labor.
e, Paid cash for other actual overhead costs, $7,625.
f. Applied overhead at the rate of 125% of direct labor cost.
g. Transferred cost of jobs completed to finished goods, $65,000.
h. Sold jobs on account for $92,800. The jobs had a cost of $65,000.

Johnstone Company is facing several decisions regarding investing and financing activities. Address each decision independently.

a. On June 30, 2021, the Johnstone Company purchased equipment from Genovese Corp. Johnstone agreed to pay Genovese $22,000 on the purchase date and the balance in five annual installments of $5,000 on each June 30 beginning June 30, 2022. Assuming that an interest rate of 11% properly reflects the time value of money in this situation, at what amount should Johnstone value the equipment.

b. Johnstone needs to accumulate sufficient funds to pay a S400,000 debt that comes due on December 31, 2023. The company will accumulate the funds by making five equal annual deposits to an account paying 6% interest compounded annually. Determine the required annual deposit if the first deposit is made on December 31, 2018.
c. On January 1, 2018, Johnstone leased an office building. Terms of the lease require Johnstone to make 20 annual lease payments of $120,000 beginning on January 1, 2018. A 10% interest rate is implicit in the lease agreement. At what amount should Johnstone record the lease liability on January 1, 2018, before any lease payments are made?

Culture and Ethical Business Practices
The business world is becoming increasingly global due to advances in technology and travel. This means that businesspeople must know how to navigate intercultural ethics, not just the ethics of their particular country. To better prepare for the ethical challenges of a global marketplace, you should broaden your cultural awareness and familiarize yourself with strategies that help you adhere to legal and ethical guidelines.
Read the following passages.
You are an HR representative for a global shipping company. Your supervisor asks you to contribute ideas via e-mail on possible discussion topics for the next HR meeting on intercultural ethics.
What discussion topics could you suggest?
A. Legal requirements, company policies, and conflicting cultural norms.
B. Ways to avoid being caught when participating in unscrupulous business practices abroad
C. Organizational mapping.
During a conference call with the corporate office, you are told by a senior executive that you will be going abroad in the next week to finalize a large account. He informs you that your expense account for this trip will be larger because, in order for the deal to go through, you must pay the top executives $5,000 each.
How do you respond to this information?
A. Accuse the senior executive of global corruption and read him the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
B. Clarify the situation, and ask specific questions about the overseas company's cultural and ethical practices. Also, ask what your company policies are regarding intercultural ethics.
C. Suggest that you pay just one executive this time around and save the company money.
Rather than determining whether a culture has good or bad ethics, it is best to look for practical solutions to the cultural challenges of doing global business.
Which of the following suggestions acknowledge different values and respect the need for moral initiative?
A. Refuse alternatives.
B. Avoid reflex judgments.
C. Don't rationalize shady decisions.
D. Embrace transparency.

Assume that you are 30 years old today, and that you are planning on retirement at age 65. You expect your salary to be $42,000 one year from now and you also expect your salary to increase at a rate of 5% per year as long as you work. To save for your retirement, you plan on making annual contributions to a retirement account. Your first contribution will be made on your 31st birthday and will be 8% of this year's salary. Likewise, you expect to deposit 8% of your salary each year until you reach age 65. Assume that the rate of interest is 9%.

Required:
a. The present value (PV) (at age 30) of your retirement savings is ________.
b. A rich donor gives a hospital $1,040,000 one year from today. Each year after that, the hospital will receive a payment 6% larger than the previous payment, with the last payment occurring in ten years' time. What is the present value (PV) of this donation, given that the interest rate is
11%?
c. If the current rate of interest is 8%, then the present value (PV) of an investment that pays $1200 per year and lasts 24 years is closest to ________.

George consumes two goods, milk and cookies. He has maximized his utility given his income. Milk costs $2 per gallon and he consumes it to the point where the marginal utility he receives from milk is 4. Cookies cost $4 per bag and the relationship between the marginal utility that George gets from eating a bag of cookies and the number of bags he eats per month is as follows:
Bags of Cookies 1 2 3 4 5 6
Marginal Utility 20 16 12 8 4 0
How many bags of cookies does George buy each month?
a. 1.
b. 2.
c. 3.
d. 4.

A organization in which specialists from different parts of the organization are brought together to work on specific projects but still remain part of a line-and-staff structure is referred to as a

This activity is important because managers face the difficult task of planning, implementing, and evaluating marketing programs once the firm has decided to compete in the global market. As marketing mangers develop the marketing program, they must balance the cost savings of standardization against the benefits of customization.
The goal of this exercise is to demonstrate your understanding of the different types of product and promotion strategies firms utilize as part of their global marketing programs.
Roll over each company name to read the description of the firm's strategy, then drop it onto the correct product and promotion strategy within the graphic.
1. Shiseido
2. Breathe Right
3. Toyota
4. Maybelline
5. Gasoline Producer
A. Product Extension Strategy
B. Product Adaptation Strategy
C. Product Invention Strategy
D. Communication Adaptation Strategy
E. Dual Adaptation Strategy

Kingston Company uses the dollar-value LIFO method of computing inventory. An external price index is used to convert ending inventory to base year. The company began operations on January 1, 2018 with an inventory of $255,000. Year-end inventories at year-end costs and cost indexes for its one inventory pool were as follows.Year, Ended December 31 Ending Inventory at Year-End Costs Cost. Index (Relative to Base Year)2018 $319,360 1.032019 406,560 1.122020 384,770 1.092021 372,750 1.05RequiredCalculate inventory amounts at the end of each year.

Two consumers are searching for new hair salons and have very different belief systems and needs that affect the way they search for information. The second step in the consumer decision process, after a consumer recognizes a need, is to search for information about various options that exist to satisfy that need. The length and intensity of the search are based on the degree of perceived risk associated with purchasing the product or service.

Read each statement and match it with the followings.

a. Effortless,
b. Worth the Money,
c. Expensive Service,
d. Salon of Choice
e. Unimportant
f. Tight Budget
g. Could Damage Career
h. All the Same
i. Salon of Convenience
j. Personal Image
Joleen Jones Ginger Petri


1. Performance Risk
2. Financial Risk
3. Psychological Risk
4. Internat vs External
5. Benefits vs Costs

At January 1, 2021, Café Med leased restaurant equipment from Crescent Corporation under a nine-year lease agreement. The lease agreement specifies annual payments of $29,000 beginning January 1, 2021, the beginning of the lease, and at each December 31 thereafter through 2028. The equipment was acquired recently by Crescent at a cost of $207,000 (its fair value) and was expected to have a useful life of 12 years with no salvage value at the end of its life. (Because the lease term is only 9 years, the asset does have an expected residual value at the end of the lease term of $94,113.) Crescent seeks a 12% return on its lease investments. By this arrangement, the lease is deemed to be a finance lease. (FV of $1, PV of $1, FVA of $1, PVA of $1, FVAD of $1 and PVAD of $1) (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided. Round your intermediate calculations to the nearest whole dollar amount.)
Required:
1. What will be the effect of the lease on Café Med's earnings for the first year (ignore taxes)? (Enter decreases with negative sign.)
2. What will be the balances in the balance sheet accounts related to the lease at the end of the first year for Café Med (ignore taxes)?

As a practicing engineer, you have been assigned by your company to work in a country where bribery is an almost universal practice, and virtually essential to get government permission for construction permits and other items your company needs to do business. Your direct supervisor explains this to you and asks you to deliver a bribe to a local official. Ethically speaking:______.

Consider the following three stocks:

Stock A is expected to provide a dividend of $11.20 a share forever.
Stock B is expected to pay a dividend of $6.20 next year. Thereafter, dividend growth is expected to be 6.00% a year forever.
Stock C is expected to pay a dividend of $4.80 next year. Thereafter, dividend growth is expected to be 22.00% a year for five years (i.e., years 2 through 6) and zero thereafter.

Required:
If the market capitalization rate for each stock is 10%, which stock is the most valuable?

Which of the following selections effectively use the "you" view.
A. I’m requesting that all of our valued customers complete the customer satisfaction survey.
B. Thank you for your letter regarding your CRB2 home entertainment center.
C. We know you enjoyed your online shopping experience and will want to tell all your friends about it.
D. You are invited to take advantage of our professional development workshops.

Which of the following is a piece of good advice regarding business emails? a. Do not place anything in an email you would not want the world to see. b. Use capital letters in order to convey importance. c. Do not sign off your emails with a closing like "Thank you"; it just wastes space. Simply send your contact information. d. Make your request at the end of an email.

Causwell Company began 2021 with 18,000 units of inventory on hand. The cost of each unit was $5.00. During 2021 an additional 38,000 units were purchased at a single unit cost, and 28,000 units remained on hand at the end of 2021 (28,000 units therefore were sold during 2021). Causwell uses a periodic inventory system. Cost of goods sold for 2021, applying the average cost method, is $166,600. The company is interested in determining what cost of goods sold would have been if the FIFO or LIFO methods were used.

Required:
a. Determine the cost of goods sold for 2018 using the FIFO method. [Hint: Determine the cost per unit of 2018 purchases.]
b. Determine the cost of goods sold for 2018 using the LIFO method. (Do not round intermediate calculations.)