Porter's Diamond Model of National Competition is a framework used to analyze a nation's competitive advantage in relation to other countries. It takes into account the factors of production, such as infrastructure, human resources, and technology, as well as the firm strategies, government policies, and the country's demand conditions.
The model is often used to explain the dynamics of global competition between multinational enterprises (MNEs) and national economies. For instance, Germany and China have both been able to gain competitive advantage due to their respective strengths in technology, production capabilities, and access to resources.
Moreover, the different government policies of both countries have also enabled them to gain a competitive advantage in the global market. As such, it is clear that the combination of these two countries can explain the global competition between MNEs and between national economies.
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The idea that media and, by extension, society, is best studied from the bottom-up by focusing on what people do with media rather than what media do to people is best illustrated by researching which of the following concepts:Select one:a.Media Institutionsb.Media Technologiesc.Social Institutionsd.Everyday life
Option - D: The idea that media and, by extension, society, is best studied from the bottom-up by focusing on what people do with media rather than what media do to people is best illustrated by researching the concept of Everyday life.
This approach focuses on how people use media in their daily lives and how it impacts their interactions, beliefs, and behaviors. It emphasizes the agency of the individual in their media consumption and the importance of understanding the social context in which media is used. This perspective is often associated with cultural studies and is sometimes referred to as the "active audience" approach.Thus the correct answer is Option D: Everyday life.
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Using an online mortgage calculator, generate the appropriate monthly amortization tables. Determine the payment, excluding taxes, PMI and property insurance, On a $175,000 loan based on the following terms: (20 points, 5pts each) a. Interest Rate: 2.25 % Term: 15 years b. Interest Rate: 2.875 % Term: 30 years C. Provide an amortization table showing all monthly payments for the 15 year loan. d. Provide an amortization table showing all monthly payments for the 30 year loan.
Amortization Table for 15 Year Loan:
...
Payment Number Beginning Balance Payment Principal Payment Interest Payment Ending Balance
1 $175,000.00 $1,319.74 $729.48 $590.26 $174,270.52
2 $174,270.52 $1,319.74 $734.54 $585.20 $173,535.98
180 $3,605.68 $1,319.74 $1,286.32 $33.42 $0.00
Amortization Table for 30 Year Loan:
...
Payment Number Beginning Balance Payment Principal Payment Interest Payment Ending Balance
1 $175,000.00 $898.09 $543.48 $354.61 $174,456.52
2 $174,456.52 $898.09 $549.04 $349.05 $173,907.48
360 $3,802.41 $898.09 $897.19 $0.90 $0.00
Using an online mortgage calculator, you can generate the appropriate monthly amortization tables for a $175,000 loan based on the following terms:
Interest Rate: 2.25%, Term: 15 years
Interest Rate: 2.875%, Term: 30 years
To calculate the monthly payment, excluding taxes, PMI and property insurance, you can use the following formula:
Monthly Payment = [P x R x (1+R)^N]/[(1+R)^N-1]
Where:
P = Principal Amount (e.g. $175,000)
R = Interest Rate per month (e.g. 2.25%/12)
N = Number of Payments (e.g. 15 years x 12 months)
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The government created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC):
The answer is On June 16, 1933, President Franklin Roosevelt signed the Banking Act of 1933, a part of which established the FDIC.
This is how government created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).
What is the straightforward definition of insurance?Insurance, usually referred to as insurance coverage or insurance policy, is a contract between the insurer and the insured.
What is insurance, and why is it necessary?Its goal is to lessen financial uncertainty and mitigate unintentional loss. It achieves this by exchanging the promise to pay in the case of a substantial loss for the payment of a small, predictable fee—an insurance premium—to a reputable insurer.
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Suggestion of ways to improve communication in the tourism industry in Malaysia Four ways to improve communication in the tourism industry in Malaysia. Clear explanation of the four ways
Three ways to improve communication in the tourism industry in Malaysia. Clear explanation of the three ways
Two ways to improve improve communication in the tourism industry in Malaysia. Clear explanation of the two ways
One way to improve improve communication in the tourism industry in Malaysia. Clear explanation of the ways
No suggestion the was given.
Four ways to improve communication in the tourism industry in Malaysia are:
Improving customer service standards - This includes providing customers with accurate and up-to-date information about tourist destinations and other related services.Using technology to promote tourism - By using digital platforms and other modern technologies, tourism businesses can reach potential customers more quickly and cost-effectively.Adopting global marketing strategies - Through global marketing strategies such as advertising in international media, tourism businesses can reach a larger audience.Collaboration between tourism organizations - Different organizations can work together to improve communication between them, enabling them to more effectively promote their services.Three ways to improve communication in the tourism industry in Malaysia are:
Improving customer service standardsUsing technology to promote tourismAdopting global marketing strategies
Two ways to improve communication in the tourism industry in Malaysia are:
One way to improve communication in the tourism industry in Malaysia is by improving customer service standards.
This includes providing customers with accurate and up-to-date information about tourist destinations and other related services.
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3) Read the scenario. Then, choose the best answer.
While a junior in high school, Javier accepted a job stocking shelves at a local grocery store. He makes an hourly wage of $8.50. He is paid semimonthly and works an average of 20 hours per week.
What is Javier’s annual income?
$8,160
$3,480
$8,840
$13,200
Answer:
$8160
Explanation:
Hourly wage is 8.50
He works 20hours per week
Weekly pay is 8.50x 20 = 170
Semi monthly is twice a month
Semi month he receives 170 x 2= 340
Monthly he receives 340x2 =680
Annual income is 12 months = 680x 12
$8160
1. Selchow & Richter Company (S&R) owns the trademark to the famous board game Scrabble. Mark Landsberg wrote a book on strategy for winning at Scrabble and contracted S&R to request permission to use request permission to use the scrabble trademark. in response, S&R requeted a copy of landsberg's manuscript, which he provided. after prolonged negotiations between the parties regarding the possibility of S&R's publication of the manuscript broke off, S&R brought out its own scrabble strategy book. no express contract was ever entered into between landsberg and S&R. Landsberg sued S&R for damages for breach of an implied ontract between the parties?
Yes, Landsberg can sue S&R for damages for breach of an implied contract between the parties.
An implied contract occurs when two parties agree to a deal without an explicit agreement, but both parties imply that a contract exists through their behavior and words. In this case, Landsberg provided S&R with a copy of his manuscript, and S&R requested it.
This would be considered an implied contract, and when S&R broke off the negotiations and produced their own Scrabble strategy book, they would be considered to have breached that implied contract.
Landsberg would then be able to sue S&R for damages.
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The Investment Company Act of 1940, often just called the "’40 Act," is one of the legislative cornerstones of the American financial system. Mutuals Funds are an example of an investment vehicles that must be registered under the Act. As a result, Mutual Funds are often called "40 Act Funds."
True or False
What are the two most important documents an investor should read about a Mutual Fund before investing?
a)The Prospectus and Board Resolutions
b)The Fact Sheet and Form Antecedent #1
c)The Prospectus and the Series Footnotes
d)The Fact Sheet and the Fund Prospectus
The Given statement "The Investment Company Act of 1940, often just called the "’40 Act," is one of the legislative cornerstones of the American financial system. As a result, Mutual Funds are often called "40 Act Funds" is True.
The two most important documents an investor should read about a Mutual Fund before investing The Fact Sheet and the Fund Prospectus. Option D is correct.
1. The Fact Sheet provides a summary of the Mutual Fund's investment objective, performance, fees, and portfolio holdings. It is typically one to two pages long and is designed to be easy to read and understand.
2. The Fund Prospectus, on the other hand, is a more detailed document that includes information about the Mutual Fund's investment strategy, risks, fees, and other important information. It is required by law to be provided to investors before they invest in the Mutual Fund.
3. Both the Fact Sheet and the Fund Prospectus are important documents for investors to read and understand before investing in a Mutual Fund. They provide important information about the Mutual Fund and can help investors make informed investment decisions.
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Your friend’s family recently purchased a new wide screen 3D smart television. They mounted it on the wall of the main living room and all of the male members of the household began referring to it as the "sports TV". As a result, if your friend wanted to watch her favourite drama, she’d have to use her computer if a game was on because it was obvious to all that screening sport was what the TV was made for. Which of the following concepts is best illustrated by this scenario?Select one:a.Moral Economy of the Homeb.Media Ecologyc.Social Shaping of Technologyd.Technological Determinism
The concept that is best illustrated by this scenario is the Social Shaping of Technology. This concept suggests that society and culture shape the development and use of technology.
In this case, the male members of the household have determined that the new TV will be primarily used for watching sports, even though it is capable of displaying other types of media. This decision has been shaped by the social and cultural norms of the household, which prioritize sports viewing over other types of media consumption. As a result, your friend is forced to use her computer to watch her favorite drama, even though the new TV is technically capable of displaying it. This is a clear example of the Social Shaping of Technology in action.
Thus, c. Social Shaping of Technology.
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Ying is a financial analyst looking to retire in 40years. After retirement, he expects that he would live for another 25 years till death and would like to be paid $20,000 per year at the beginning of each year to cover expenses and other things. His current income from his job pays $50,000 per year. He is looking to invest in an RRSP giving him a return of approximately 4% per year. He currently has a 0 (zero) RRSP balance.
A. If he expects that his income would increase by 3% each year, what would be his payment at the end of year 1 if he increases his savings by 1.5% yearly.
B. What would be the answer above he had previously saved $30000 in his RRSP?
A. his payment at the end of year 1 if he increases his savings by 1.5% yearly is $50,727.50. B . If he had previously saved $30000 in his RRSP ,it will be $81,927.50.
A) If Ying expects his income to increase by 3% each year, his income at the end of year 1 would be $50,000 x 1.03 = $51,500.
If he increases his savings by 1.5% yearly, his savings at the end of year 1 would be
$51,500 x 0.015 = $772.50.
Therefore, his payment at the end of year 1 would be
$51,500 - $772.50 = $50,727.50.
B) If Ying had previously saved $30,000 in his RRSP, his RRSP balance at the end of year 1 would be
$30,000 x 1.04 = $31,200.
Therefore, his payment at the end of year 1 would be $50,727.50 + $31,200 = $81,927.50.
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Suppose that you have an equity of 100,000 NOK (Norwegian kroner). In the end of May 2019 you want to invest this amount into two securities, each of them can be acquired for 100 NOK per unit at this point of time. Assume that each of these securities is perfectly divisible or multipliable. Once invested, you have to keep these securities until they expire in the end of May 2024. The streams of cash flows generated per 100 NOK invested into the securities are given as follows:
End of may 2020 2021 2022 2023 2025
Security 1 40 40 40 40 40
Security 2 0 30 50 70 90
For additional financing your bank will provide you with at most 100,000 NOK of a constant payment loan (CPL, annuity loan) with an interest rate (????????) of 8 % and a maturity (TT) of 5 years. In addition, you can draw at most 50,000 NOK on a credit line with an interest rate of 10 %. Idle cash can be deposited on a banking account which does not pay any interest.
Your tasks are the following:
(a) Suppose that you want to maximize your wealth in the end of May 2024: Find the optimal amount of money to be invested into the two securities. determine the optimal financing of this investment.
(b) This part is difficult, not relevant that relevant and voluntary! Now assume that the payments from the securities are not given with certainty. For simplicity assume that all cash flows are uniformly distributed with an interval (spread) of 20.
a. Generate 20 possible future scenarios for each security.
b. Maximize your expected wealth in the end of May 2024 considering that the uncertainty in the returns affects both credit line and bank account. Think about an appropriate structure of your Excel-sheet that makes this task easier.
c. Determine expected return and the return’s standard deviation.
d. Generate a risk-return diagram for different equity ratios.
Please help me to implement and solve this in excel.
In order to solve this problem, you will need to use the concepts of net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) in order to determine the optimal amount of money to be invested into the two securities and the optimal financing of this investment.
First, you will need to create a table in Excel with the cash flows for each security for each year. Next, you will need to calculate the NPV for each security using the formula:
[tex]NPV = CF0 + CF1/(1+IRR) + CF2/(1+IRR)^2 + ... + CFn/(1+IRR)^n[/tex]
Where CF0 is the initial investment, CF1 is the cash flow in the first year, CF2 is the cash flow in the second year, and so on.
Once you have calculated the NPV for each security, you can use this information to determine the optimal amount of money to be invested into each security. The optimal amount of money to be invested into each security will be the amount that maximizes the NPV.
Next, you will need to determine the optimal financing of this investment. This will involve comparing the cost of financing the investment with the CPL and the credit line to the return on the investment. The cost of financing the investment with the CPL will be the sum of the interest payments over the 5-year period, and the cost of financing the investment with the credit line will be the sum of the interest payments over the 5-year period plus the principal. You will need to compare these costs to the return on the investment in order to determine the optimal financing of this investment.
Finally, you will need to generate 20 possible future scenarios for each security in order to determine the expected return and the return's standard deviation. You can do this by creating a table in Excel with the possible future scenarios for each security and then calculating the expected return and the return's standard deviation using the formulas:
Expected return = (sum of all possible returns) / (number of possible returns)
[tex]Standard deviation = \sqrt{[(sum of (return - expected return)^2) / (number of possible returns)]}[/tex]
Once you have calculated the expected return and the return's standard deviation, you can generate a risk-return diagram for different equity ratios using Excel's charting tools.
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Identify the capabilities that reside within Tesla Motors Inc. Evaluate the extent to which these capabilities provide the company with a competitive advantage (Read relevant research articles and case studies - online).
The capabilities that reside within Tesla Motors Inc. include innovation, technological advancement, and strong branding.
Innovation: Tesla is known for its innovative approach to the automotive industry. The company's use of electric powertrains, over-the-air software updates, and autopilot technology set it apart from its competitors.
Technological Advancement: Tesla's electric vehicles are among the most technologically advanced in the world. The company's use of lithium-ion battery technology allows its vehicles to have a longer range than many of its competitors.
Strong Branding: Tesla's strong branding has made it one of the most recognizable and desirable brands in the automotive industry. The company's emphasis on sustainability and luxury appeal to a wide range of consumers.
These capabilities provide Tesla with a competitive advantage by allowing the company to differentiate itself from its competitors and attract a loyal customer base. However, it is important to note that other companies are also investing in electric vehicle technology and may eventually catch up to Tesla's capabilities. It is crucial for Tesla to continue innovating and staying ahead of its competitors in order to maintain its competitive advantage.
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HANGE AND RESISTANCE TO CHANGEABOUT ARAMCOThe recent outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has changed the world as we know it. Many new challenges are faced. The outbreak is moving quickly, and most countries are trying to respond quickly to contain the impact. However, the spread of the virus may continue throughout the upcoming years and impact the operations of many industries for years to come. Accordingly, change has become an urgent need and no longer considered as a luxury or a choice.Taking the SME (Small Medium Enterprises) sector as an example, provide:A report of about 3000 words (10%+/-) that evaluates change and resistance to change. Your evaluation as a change agent should focus on the following:Background of a chosen SME sector you have chosen being it a restaurant, shop, or a service oriented enterprise, etc. that needs to consider change as part of covid-19 pandemic (15 marks).Explain the environmental pressures for change (fashion, demography, external mandate, etc.) and critically analyse the SME sector you have chosen in this context and what were the main drivers towards change (25 marks).Explain how change can take place and what challenges can a change manager face and how s/he should deal with them. Reflect in your answer on the SME sector you have chosen by analysing the nature of changes that took place and challenges faced and how it was dealt with (45 marks).Explain resistance to change and how such resistance can be managed. Analyse the case you have chosen from this perspective by reflecting on the most appropriate approach to manage resistance to change in the SME sector you have chosen (15 marks).
Change and resistance to change are important considerations for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Environmental pressures such as changes in fashion, demography, and external mandates are some of the drivers of change for SMEs.
Change managers must be prepared to handle various challenges that arise with change, such as resistance from employees. This can be managed by providing incentives, better communication, and an understanding of why change is needed.
For an SME sector such as a restaurant, shop, or service-oriented enterprise, change can take place in different ways. For example, increased focus on safety and hygiene practices, changes in the marketing strategy, shift towards digital services, and changes in operating procedures are some of the changes that an SME may face.
In the case of an SME sector such as a restaurant, shop, or service-oriented enterprise, a change manager could offer incentives such as additional training, flexible work schedules, or additional benefits to encourage employees to accept and embrace change.
In conclusion, change is an important consideration for SMEs in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Environmental pressures such as changes in fashion, demography, and external mandates are some of the drivers of change for SMEs.
Change managers must be prepared to handle various challenges that arise with change, such as resistance from employees. Resistance to change can be managed by having open communication channels and providing incentives.
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Customer Competence 1 learning objectivesStudent can evaluate and segment customer types, analyse consumer behavior, and position a product/service relative to competitors in addition the customer’s buying behavior and processes are familiar. S/he can recognize and follow customer needs and focus on customer experience in the different stages of the customer journey and lifecycle.Individual Assignment for this course1. Tell about a customer buying behavior in theory perspective and reflect it in any business familiar to you. Give practical examples2. Tell briefly what is a Customer journey? Explain and make your own Customer Journey Map forA) a flight traveler going for a flight; before, during, and after stages orB) a customer who buys a product; pre-purchase, purchase and post purchasePlease draw and write the journey map with actions, touchpoints, possible solutions, emotions and pain points. The implementation of the map is free3. Consider what challenges in developing the customer experience in different businesses are? Choose one industry that is most familiar to you and give practical examples and your own reflections and arguments
In terms of customer buying behavior, the main concept is that customers can be segmented into different types and behaviours based on their individual characteristics, needs, and values. Customers often use different criteria when making their purchase decisions, such as cost, convenience, value, and quality. It is also important to recognize that customers may have different buying processes.
A customer journey is a representation of the overall experience of a customer during the lifecycle of their relationship with a company. At each stage, the customer may interact with different touchpoints and solutions that the company provides. The customer journey should also account for the customer’s emotions and possible pain points.
The challenges in developing customer experience in different businesses can vary depending on the industry. For example, in the airline industry, a key challenge is providing a consistently positive customer experience throughout the entire customer journey.
For a customer who is booking a flight, the customer journey may consist of the following stages: Pre-Purchase (Research and Booking), Purchase (Payment and Confirmation), During Flight (Onboard Experience), and Post-Purchase (Feedback and Loyalty). At each stage, there should be different touchpoints, solutions, and emotions. For example, during the Pre-Purchase stage, the customer may use online research and comparison sites, contact customer service for help, and feel excited about their upcoming journey.
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Suppose you manage a $10 million portfolio and you sell $3
million worth of securities and buy $3 million worth of new
securities. your portfolio's turnover will be
30% explain why and show math
The portfolio turnover is the percentage of the portfolio that is bought and sold in a given period. In this case, the portfolio turnover is calculated by dividing the amount of securities bought and sold by the total value of the portfolio.
The portfolio turnover is 60%. This means that 60% of the portfolio was bought and sold during the given period.
In this case, the portfolio turnover is calculated as follows:
Turnover = (Amount of securities bought + Amount of securities sold) / Total value of portfolio
Turnover = ($3 million + $3 million) / $10 million
Turnover = $6 million / $10 million
Turnover = 0.6
Turnover = 60%
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Viviane has decided it is time to plan for her retirement. At the end of each year for the next 20 years, she will save $5,000 in a retirement account. If the account earns 5% per year, how much will Vivian have saved in 20 years?Viviane has decided it is time to plan for her retirement. At the end of each year for the next 20 years, she will save $5,000 in a retirement account. If the account earns 5% per year, how much will Vivian have saved in 20 years?
Viviane will have saved $265,330 in her retirement account in 20 years.
To calculate how much Viviane will have saved in 20 years, we can use the formula for future value of an annuity, which is:
FV = PMT x ((1 + r)^n - 1) / r
Where:
FV = future value of the annuity
PMT = payment made each period
r = interest rate per period
n = number of periods
In this case, PMT is $5,000, r is 5% per year, and n is 20 years. We need to convert the interest rate to a per-period rate by dividing it by the number of periods in a year. Assuming payments are made at the end of each year, there are 1 period per year, so the per-period interest rate is:
r / n = 5% / 1 = 5%
Substituting these values into the formula, we get:
FV = $5,000 x ((1 + 5%)^20 - 1) / 5%
FV = $5,000 x (2.6533) / 5%
FV = $5,000 x 53.066
FV = $265,330
Therefore, Viviane will have saved $265,330 in 20 years if she saves $5,000 at the end of each year in a retirement account that earns 5% per year.
The formula works by first calculating the future value of each periodic payment using the formula for the future value of a single lump sum. Then, it adds up all of the future values of the periodic payments to arrive at the total future value of the annuity. It's important to note that this formula assumes a constant interest rate and periodic payment over the life of the annuity. If these values change, the future value of the annuity will also change. Additionally, taxes and fees may also affect the actual value of the annuity.
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1 Ms. Uusiku posts a letter to TBA (Pty) Ltd with an offer to buy 1000 shares in the company. The directors agreed, and a letter informing her that the company would allocate the shares was posted in return. After they posted their letter of acceptance, but before she received their letter, she informs the company telephonically that she revokes the offer. Discuss the legal position of the parties. (5 marks)
The legal position of the parties in this scenario is determined by the legal principles of offer and acceptance in contract law.
1 Ms. Uusiku made an offer to TBA (Pty) Ltd to buy 1000 shares in the company. This offer was accepted by the directors of TBA (Pty) Ltd, and they posted a letter of acceptance to Ms. Uusiku.
According to the legal principle of offer and acceptance, a contract is formed when an offer is accepted. In this case, the contract was formed when the directors of TBA (Pty) Ltd posted their letter of acceptance.
However, before Ms. Uusiku received the letter of acceptance, she informed the company that she was revoking the offer. According to the legal principle of revocation, an offer can be revoked at any time before it is accepted.
In this scenario, the offer was already accepted by the directors of TBA (Pty) Ltd before Ms. Uusiku attempted to revoke it. Therefore, the revocation is not valid, and the contract is still binding on both parties.
In conclusion, the legal position of the parties is that a valid and binding contract has been formed, and Ms. Uusiku cannot revoke the offer after it has been accepted by TBA (Pty) Ltd.
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Define Call and Put currency options and explain how companies can
use these options for hedging.
Call and Put currency options are financial derivatives that allow companies to hedge against foreign exchange risk.
A Call option gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy a certain amount of foreign currency at a specified price within a certain time period. A Put option gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to sell a certain amount of foreign currency at a specified price within a certain time period.
Companies can use these options for hedging by buying Call options when they expect the value of a foreign currency to increase, and buying Put options when they expect the value of a foreign currency to decrease. This allows them to lock in a certain exchange rate and protect themselves against potential losses from currency fluctuations.
For example, if a company expects the value of the US dollar to increase against the Euro, they could buy a Call option on the US dollar/Euro exchange rate. If the value of the US dollar does increase, they can exercise the option and buy Euros at the lower, specified price. If the value of the US dollar does not increase, they can simply let the option expire and not incur any losses.
Similarly, if a company expects the value of the US dollar to decrease against the Euro, they could buy a Put option on the US dollar/Euro exchange rate. If the value of the US dollar does decrease, they can exercise the option and sell Euros at the higher, specified price. If the value of the US dollar does not decrease, they can simply let the option expire and not incur any losses.
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Call and Put options are financial contracts that grant the buyer the right but not the obligation to purchase (Call) or sell (Put) an underlying asset at a predetermined price within a specified period.
Currency options are contracts that permit the holder to purchase or sell one currency in exchange for another at a specified exchange rate and time period. Companies can use these options to manage their foreign exchange risks or currency risks associated with international trade. These options are used for hedging purposes to protect the company from adverse currency rate movements.
For example, a US-based company that imports goods from Europe could be exposed to foreign exchange risk. If the Euro becomes stronger against the dollar, then the company would have to pay more dollars to purchase the same goods. In this case, the company can buy a Put option to sell Euros and purchase dollars at a predetermined exchange rate. This way, if the Euro falls in value, the company can exercise the Put option and sell Euros at a favorable exchange rate.
Similarly, if the US-based company exports goods to Europe, they could face the risk of the Euro becoming weaker against the dollar, which would reduce their profits. In this case, the company can buy a Call option to purchase Euros at a predetermined exchange rate. If the Euro rises in value, the company can exercise the Call option and purchase Euros at a favorable exchange rate.
In conclusion, companies can use Call and Put options to manage their foreign exchange risks by hedging against adverse currency rate movements. These options are useful for companies engaged in international trade as they provide a cost-effective way of managing currency risks. It is important to note that options can be complex instruments, and companies should seek professional advice before using them as a hedging tool.
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NRM Industries Limited (NRM) is a large family-owned, import-export business. NRM was founded in 1972 by three brothers named Virk, who used the initials of their first names. Now, control is about to be passed from the brothers to their children, seven of whom work directly for NRM. Another three children work for companies with whom NRM does business. One, Virk Logistics, manages the warehouses and deliveries for NRM. The Board of Directors is composed of the three brothers plus all ten of their children.As part of estate planning, each brother owns a different company that owns their shares of NRM. When they formed the company, they each took one common share. Later, they reorganized. Each brother traded their one share for 10,000 new shares. Now they are about to reorganize again and go public. Their plan is to trade each10,000 shares for 10,000,000 shares and issue another 20,000,000 shares to the public.NRM has never had an audit. Jasmine Virk, CFO, has approached your audit firm, Rowlands, Marcellin and Khan (RMK) to do an audit prior to issuing a prospectus. Jasmine went to college with one of your partners. Sales in 2020 for NRM are approximately $130 million.RequiredBriefly discuss five elements to consider in your engagement planning.
There are several elements that should be considered in the engagement planning process for the audit of NRM Industries Limited.
These include:
1. Understanding the business: It is important to gain an understanding of NRM's business, including its operations, industry, and the regulatory environment in which it operates. This will help to identify potential risks and areas of focus for the audit.
2. Assessing the risk of material misstatement: The risk of material misstatement refers to the likelihood that the financial statements contain material errors or omissions. Assessing this risk will help to determine the nature, timing, and extent of audit procedures to be performed.
3. Considering the involvement of other auditors: As NRM is a large, family-owned business with multiple subsidiaries, it is likely that other auditors will be involved in the audit. It is important to consider the work performed by these auditors and how it will affect the overall audit.
4. Evaluating internal controls: Internal controls are the policies and procedures that a company has in place to ensure the accuracy and completeness of its financial statements. Evaluating the effectiveness of these controls will help to determine the extent to which reliance can be placed on them during the audit.
5. Communicating with management and those charged with governance: It is important to establish clear lines of communication with management and those charged with governance, including the Board of Directors. This will help to ensure that any issues or concerns are addressed in a timely and effective manner.
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There many modern management patterns that organizations
use.
In this case, discuss the merits and demerits of
employee-centred approach
management by objectives
The employee-centered approach to management is beneficial because it allows for employee creativity, innovation, and increased motivation, which can lead to increased productivity.
Employee-centered approach:
Merits:
1. Employees feel valued and motivated, leading to higher job satisfaction and productivity.
2. It fosters a positive work environment and promotes collaboration among team members.
3. It encourages creativity and innovation as employees are given more autonomy and decision-making power.
Demerits:
1. It can lead to a lack of structure and direction if not implemented properly.
2. It can result in a lack of accountability as employees may not have clear goals or objectives.
3. It can create a sense of entitlement among employees, leading to conflict and dissatisfaction.
Management by objectives:
Merits:
1. It provides clear goals and objectives for employees to work towards, promoting efficiency and productivity.
2. It promotes accountability and responsibility among employees as they are held accountable for achieving their objectives.
3. It allows for better performance measurement and evaluation as objectives are clearly defined.
Demerits:
1. It can lead to a focus on short-term objectives rather than long-term goals.
2. It can create a rigid work environment and stifle creativity and innovation.
3. It can result in a lack of collaboration and teamwork as employees are focused on achieving their own objectives.
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You are hosting an important event (event examples: graduation celebration, family reunion, wedding, etc) and there will be about 100 guests (not fellow students) attending. The event will be for three (3) consecutive days. It is now up to you to make this a successful event. Over the next week you need to identify tasks, set priorities and come up with a plan to make this happen. You have initial budget of $50,000. 0. You must identify at least five (5) areas/tasks where you need to spend this money for the three days of the event, example hall rental, equipment rental, food and drinks, entertainment, etc. You must create an initial budget sheet showing the distribution of the $50,000 for the three days. Finally, due to budget constraint, your inititial budget of $50,000 has been reduced to $35,000. Set your constraints, decide which areas/tasks budget to be adjusted and use excel solver to create your final budget. Submit your plan and your reasoning behind the decisions and why your plan will make the event a success (2 to 3 pages word document double spaced). Also submit your excel spreadsheet showing the distribution of your initial budget of $50,000 and your final budget of $35. 000 with the constraints you set
Planning a successful event for 100 guests for three consecutive days requires careful planning and attention to detail.
There are various tasks that need to be identified and prioritized to ensure the event runs smoothly. In this document, I will identify five areas/tasks where the $50,000 budget needs to be spent in the event, create an initial budget sheet for the three days, and use Excel Solver to create the final budget sheet after adjusting to the budget constraints.
Venue Rental - $20,000: The first and foremost task is to rent a venue that can accommodate 100 guests for three days. The venue should be spacious, easily accessible, and provide basic amenities like lighting, sound system, and air conditioning.
Food and Beverages - $15,000: A major portion of the budget will be spent on catering. The menu should be carefully planned to cater to different dietary requirements, and the food should be of high quality. A variety of beverages, including alcoholic and non-alcoholic options, should also be available.
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True or False
1) Derivatives are used by corporations as a useful tool for managing certain aspects of a firm's risk.
2) An option derives its value from an underlying asset that is often another security.
3) A hybrid security is neither debt nor equity but instead derives its value from an underlying asset.
4) A financial lease is a cancelable contractual arrangement whereby the lessee agrees to make periodic payments to the lessor, often for five or fewer years, for an asset's services.
5) In a financial lease, the lessor must receive more than the asset's purchase price in order to earn its required return on the investment.
6) The presence of contingent securities such as warrants and stock options affects the reporting of a firm's earnings per share.
7) The conversion ratio can be obtained by dividing the par value of the convertible by the conversion price.
8) A stock purchase warrant gives the holder the right to purchase a certain number of shares of common stock at a specified price over a certain period of time.
9) Contrary to convertibles, warrants provide for the injection of additional equity capital into a firm immediately.
10) Call options are sold with the expectation that the market price of the underlying security will fall while put options are sold with the expectation that the market price of the underlying security will rise.
1) True: Derivatives are used by corporations as a useful tool for managing certain aspects of a firm's risk, such as interest rate risk and currency risk.
2) True: An option derives its value from an underlying asset that is often another security, such as a stock or bond.
3) True: A hybrid security is neither debt nor equity but instead derives its value from an underlying asset, such as a commodity or index.
4) False: A financial lease is a non-cancelable contractual arrangement whereby the lessee agrees to make periodic payments to the lessor, often for five or more years, for an asset's services.
5) True: In a financial lease, the lessor must receive more than the asset's purchase price in order to earn its required return on the investment.
6) True: The presence of contingent securities such as warrants and stock options affects the reporting of a firm's earnings per share, as they can potentially dilute the earnings per share if they are exercised.
7) True: The conversion ratio can be obtained by dividing the par value of the convertible by the conversion price, which is the price at which the convertible can be exchanged for common stock.
8) True: A stock purchase warrant gives the holder the right to purchase a certain number of shares of common stock at a specified price over a certain period of time.
9) False: Contrary to convertibles, warrants do not provide for the injection of additional equity capital into a firm immediately, as they only give the holder the right to purchase shares at a later date.
10) False: Call options are bought with the expectation that the market price of the underlying security will rise while put options are bought with the expectation that the market price of the underlying security will fall.
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Between Brazil and the United States,I want you to write down and explain the possible areas of conflicts during negotiations that may arise between these two countries due to the differences in their cultures. Give examples.
Negotiations between Brazil and the United States can often be difficult due to the different cultural norms and values held by both nations.
For example, Brazilians generally prefer a more individualistic and relationship-focused approach, while Americans tend to prefer a more systematic and task-oriented approach. This can lead to conflicts in areas such as decision-making, communication, and trust.
Other potential areas of conflict could arise due to differences in social expectations, such as respecting authority figures, expectations of openness and honesty, and how people prefer to receive feedback.
For example, Brazilians may prefer a more collaborative and communicative approach to decision-making and may view the lack of respect for authority figures as a sign of disrespect, while Americans may prefer a more authoritative approach and may see openness and honesty as a lack of tact.
These differences in cultural values can create difficulty during negotiations, as both sides may not be comfortable with the other's style.
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Two Company Comparison
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
Fiscal Year-End -20xx
Fiscal Year - 20xx
Company A Company B
ASSETS Current assets: Cash $162055 $87148
Accounts Receivable $69541 $157472
Inventory $98118 $128024
Prepaid insurance $124346 $57301
Prepaid rent $158319 $132855
Other $72587 $170352
Total Current Assets Non-Current Assets Land $109144 $181575
Equipment $152782 $115712
Notes receivable $188302 $77961
Total Assets Liabilities Current Liabilities Accounts payable $185309 $56139
Accrued payroll and benefits $183788 $72118
Other $72587 $170352
Total Current Liabilities Non-Current Liabilities Long Term debt $84770 $156446
Other Long Term debt $145647 $174676
Total Non-Current Liabilities Shareholders Equity Common Shares Total Shareholders Equity Liabilities & Sharehoders`Equity Find the Debt Ratio for Company B.
The debt ratio is calculated by dividing its total liabilities by its total assets. So the debt ratio for Company B is 0.568.
The debt ratio for Company B can be calculated by dividing its total liabilities by its total assets.
Total liabilities for Company B = $56,139 (accounts payable) + $72,118 (accrued payroll and benefits) + $170,352 (other current liabilities) + $156,446 (long term debt) + $174,676 (other long term debt) = $629,731
Total assets for Company B = $87,148 (cash) + $157,472 (accounts receivable) + $128,024 (inventory) + $57,301 (prepaid insurance) + $132,855 (prepaid rent) + $170,352 (other current assets) + $181,575 (land) + $115,712 (equipment) + $77,961 (notes receivable) = $1,108,400
Debt ratio for Company B = $629,731 / $1,108,400 = 0.568
Therefore, the debt ratio for Company B is 0.568.
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(0)
DANGOTE INDUSTRIES ZAMBIA LIMITED is located in Ndola, Zambia and is part of the Cement and Concrete Product Manufacturing Industry. Pursuing a cost-leadership strategy, the company has tried to improve quality and reduce costs. As a result of the actions taken over the last year, quality has significantly improved in 2021 while rework and unit costs of the Cement have decreased. Dangote has reduced manufacturing capacity because capacity is no longer needed to support rework. Dangote has also lowered selling price to gain market share and unit sales have increased. Information about the current period (2021) and last period (2020) follows:
2020
2021
1. Units of Cement produced and sold
18,000
30,000
2. Selling price
K150
K120
3. Direct materials used (units)
21,600
32,400
4. Direct material cost per unit
K36
K36
5. Manufacturing capacity in units processed
36,000
33,600
6. Total packaging costs
792,000
739,200
7. Packaging cost per unit of capacity (row 6, row5)
K26.4
K26.4
8. Selling and customer-service capacity
240 customers
240 customers
9. Total selling and customer-service costs
K42,000
K45,600
10 Selling and customer-service capacity cost per customer ((row 9 , row 8)
K210
K228
Packaging costs in each year depend on production capacity defined in terms of units that can be processed ,
not the actual units started. Selling and customer-service costs depend on the number of customers that
Dangote can support, not the actual number of customers it serves. Dangote has 150 customers in 2020 and
180 customers in 2021.
1.Calculate operating income of Dangote for 2020 and 2021.
2.Calculate the growth, price-recovery, and productivity components that explain the change in operating income from 2020 to 2021.
3.Comment on your answer in requirement 2. What do these components indicate? How does this relate to Dangote ’s strategy and its success in implementation? Explain.
4. Suppose that during 2021, the market for Cement increased by 25%. All increases in market share (that is, sales increases greater than 25%) and decreases in the selling price of Cement are the result of Dangote ’s strategic actions. Calculate how much of the change in operating income from 2020 to 2021 is due to the industry-market-size factor, product differentiation, and cost leadership. How does this relate to Dangote ’s strategy and its success in implementation? Explain.
5.Calculate the amount and cost of (a) unused manufacturing capacity and (b) unused selling and customer-service capacity at the beginning of 2021 based on actual production and actual number of customers served in 2021.
6.Suppose Dangote can add or reduce its selling and customer-service capacity in increments of 10 customers. What is the maximum amount of costs that Dangote could save in 2021 by downsizing selling and customer-service capacity?
7.Dangote, does not eliminate any of its unused selling and customer-service capacity. Why might Dangote not downsize?
Answer and explanation for these questions are as follows:
1. Operating income of Dangote for 2020 and 2021:
2020:
Revenue = 18,000 units x K150 = K2,700,000
Direct material cost = 21,600 units x K36 = K777,600
Packaging cost = 36,000 units x K26.4 = K950,400
Selling and customer-service cost = 240 customers x K210 = K50,400
Operating income = K2,700,000 - K777,600 - K950,400 - K50,400 = K921,600
2021:
Revenue = 30,000 units x K120 = K3,600,000
Direct material cost = 32,400 units x K36 = K1,166,400
Packaging cost = 33,600 units x K26.4 = K886,560
Selling and customer-service cost = 240 customers x K228 = K54,720
Operating income = K3,600,000 - K1,166,400 - K886,560 - K54,720 = K1,492,320
2. Growth, price-recovery, and productivity components:
Growth component = (30,000 units - 18,000 units) x K150 = K1,800,000
Price-recovery component = (K120 - K150) x 30,000 units = -K900,000
Productivity component = (K777,600 + K950,400 + K50,400) - (K1,166,400 + K886,560 + K54,720) = -K329,280
3. The growth component indicates that Dangote was able to increase its sales volume in 2021, which contributed to the increase in operating income. The price-recovery component indicates that Dangote lowered its selling price in 2021, which had a negative impact on operating income. The productivity component indicates that Dangote was able to reduce its costs in 2021, which contributed to the increase in operating income. These components relate to Dangote's strategy of cost-leadership, as the company was able to reduce costs and improve quality, which allowed it to lower its selling price and gain market share.
4. Industry-market-size factor = 25% x 18,000 units x K150 = K675,000
Product differentiation = (30,000 units - 25% x 18,000 units - 18,000 units) x K150 = K1,125,000
Cost leadership = (-K900,000) + (-K329,280) = -K1,229,280
The industry-market-size factor indicates that the increase in the market for Cement contributed to the increase in operating income. The product differentiation component indicates that Dangote was able to gain market share through its strategic actions, which contributed to the increase in operating income. The cost leadership component indicates that Dangote was able to reduce its costs, which contributed to the increase in operating income. These components relate to Dangote's strategy of cost-leadership, as the company was able to reduce costs and improve quality, which allowed it to lower its selling price and gain market share.
5. (a) Unused manufacturing capacity = 33,600 units - 30,000 units = 3,600 units
Cost of unused manufacturing capacity = 3,600 units x K26.4 = K95,040
(b) Unused selling and customer-service capacity = 240 customers - 180 customers = 60 customers
Cost of unused selling and customer-service capacity = 60 customers x K228 = K13,680
6. The maximum amount of costs that Dangote could save in 2021 by downsizing selling and customer-service capacity is K13,680, which is the cost of unused selling and customer-service capacity.
7. Dangote may not downsize its unused selling and customer-service capacity because it may expect to need the capacity in the future, or it may want to maintain the capacity in case of unexpected increases in demand. Additionally, downsizing may have negative impacts on employee morale and customer relationships, which could ultimately have a negative impact on the company's performance.
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A firm has 4,200,000 shares of common stock trading at $20.12 per share. It also has 65,000 bonds outstanding (par of $1,000) that are trading at $888 each. The bonds mature in 36 years, have a coupon rate of 8.25%, and pay coupons semi-annually. The firm's beta is 1.24, the risk-free rate is 3.25%, and the market risk premium is 7.2%. The tax rate is 36%. What is the firm's WACC?
A)
9.41%
B)
10.43%
C)
8.60%
D)
9.72%
E)
10.70%
the correct answer is D) 9.72%. The firm's WACC (weighted average cost of capital) can be calculated using the formula:
WACC = (E/V) * Re + (D/V) * Rd * (1-T), where E is the market value of equity, D is the market value of debt, V is the total market value of the firm, Re is the cost of equity, Rd is the cost of debt, and T is the tax rate.
First, we need to calculate the market value of equity and debt:
E = 4,200,000 shares * $20.12 per share = $84,504,000
D = 65,000 bonds * $888 each = $57,720,000
V = E + D = $84,504,000 + $57,720,000 = $142,224,000
Next, we need to calculate the cost of equity and debt:
Re = risk-free rate + (beta * market risk premium) = 3.25% + (1.24 * 7.2%) = 12.17%
Rd = (coupon rate / current bond price) * 100 = (8.25% / $888) * 100 = 9.29%
Finally, we can plug these values into the WACC formula:
WACC = (E/V) * Re + (D/V) * Rd * (1-T) = ($84,504,000 / $142,224,000) * 12.17% + ($57,720,000 / $142,224,000) * 9.29% * (1-0.36) = 9.72%
Therefore, the correct answer is D) 9.72%.
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A pension fund manager is considering three mutual funds. The
first is a stock fund, the second is a long-term bond fund, and the
third is a money market fund that provides a safe return of 6%. The
ch
The pension fund manager should consider the potential risks and returns of each mutual fund before making a decision.
The stock fund may have the potential for higher returns, but it also comes with the risk of losing value if the stock market declines. The long-term bond fund may provide a more stable return, but it may not have the potential for high returns like the stock fund. The money market fund provides a safe return of 6%, but it may not have the potential for higher returns like the other two funds.
The manager should also consider the time horizon of the pension fund. If the fund has a longer time horizon, it may be able to tolerate more risk and therefore may benefit from investing in the stock fund. However, if the fund has a shorter time horizon, it may be better to invest in the money market fund to ensure a safe return.
Ultimately, the pension fund manager should consider the risk tolerance and time horizon of the fund, as well as the potential risks and returns of each mutual fund, before making a decision.
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You are thinking about an investment opportunity. To implement the opportunity, you need to invest $5 million (C0). The investment will produce Q = 30,000 units of products every year. The price of the product P is $40 per unit and the unit cost is $25. Your discount rate is 6 per cent per year. Calculate the NPV if you invest today.
The NPV of the investment opportunity is $750,000. To calculate the Net Present Value (NPV) of the investment opportunity, use the formula:
NPV = Σ t=0 ∞ (Q * (P - C) / (1 + r)t - C0)
where
Q = 30,000 units of product per year
P = $40 per unit
C = $25 unit cost
r = 6% discount rate
C0 = $5 million investment
t = 0 (for present value)
Plugging in the values into the formula, we get:
NPV = 30,000 * ($40 - $25) / (1 + 0.06)0 - 5,000,000
NPV = $750,000
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Case study:Elliot, Chief Financial Officer of the U.K. Bank, spoke: "Look, we are facing a loss of GBP500 million, a deficit in the second year. If we outsource our call centre work to India, we can reduce our labour costs by at least one third. We have a moral responsibility to our shareholders to operate as efficiently as possible."Laura, HR Manager, responded: "Yes Elliot, and we have to be realistic. Why should our British jobs be shipped offshore to India? Our concern is with the welfare of our British workers. Why should our monies end up in the pockets of foreign workers?"Elliott snapped back, "For the very good reasons that the work will be done at much lower cost and with much higher quality results!"Laura smiled. "Elliot, wake up. You know how politically sensitive the banking industry is. Imagine what the press will do to us when this becomes public knowledge.""Yes", Jason interrupted, manager of retail banking. "Can you think how many politicians will be prepared to stand up and publicly declare that they are in favour of exporting British jobs? Outsourcing may be okay, where companies are not subject to the public and political pressures. Can you imagine the reaction of the finance sector unions and the politicians when we announce that the bank is going to do away with 8,000 jobs? And don’t forget we now have UK Parliamentary general election very soon.""Okay, I take your point" said Elliot. "But given the size of our loss, we really have to face up to the alternatives – cut services or increase fees. The whole aim of outsourcing is to maximize value by saving money and improving services. Surely that is what we are all about?"Question 1(a) Explain the term stakeholder.(b) Refer to the organization described in the case above. Identify and discuss the stakeholder groups and their interests.Total 25 marksQuestion 2(a) The management is considering offshoring. What is meant by offshoring? Discuss the pros and cons of offshoring in the case?(b) From the HR perspective, what HR challenges and issues would you anticipate in dealing with offshoring the call centre to India as reflected in the situation?
1.(a) A stakeholder is any individual, group, or organization that has an interest in or is affected by the decisions and actions of an organization.(b) In the case of the U.K. Bank, the main stakeholder groups are Shareholders,Employees,Customers,Local communities.2.(a) Offshoring is the practice of moving business operations or services to another country in order to take advantage of lower labor costs and other benefits. (b) From an HR perspective, there are several challenges and issues that the bank may face in dealing with offshoring its call center to India.
Question 1:
a.Stakeholders can include employees, customers, shareholders, suppliers, local communities, and government regulators.
(b) In the case of the U.K. Bank, the main stakeholder groups are:
- Shareholders: They are interested in maximizing profits and minimizing losses.
- Employees: They are interested in keeping their jobs and maintaining their standard of living.
- Customers: They are interested in receiving high-quality services at reasonable prices.
- Government regulators: They are interested in ensuring that the bank operates in a legal and ethical manner.
- Local communities: They are interested in maintaining employment levels and economic stability.
Each of these stakeholder groups has different interests, and the bank's decision to outsource its call center work to India will affect each group in different ways. For example, shareholders may benefit from reduced labor costs, but employees may lose their jobs and local communities may suffer from the loss of income.
Question 2:
a.In the case of the U.K. Bank, the main advantage of offshoring its call center work to India is the potential for cost savings. However, there are also several potential disadvantages, including the loss of jobs for British workers, negative public and political reactions, and the potential for lower quality of services.
b.These include managing the transition of employees from the U.K. to India, dealing with potential cultural differences and language barriers, and ensuring that the quality of services provided by the Indian call center is up to the bank's standards.
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You have been assigned as project manager for the sargassum seaweedproject. Create a project team and explain how you would use each of thefollowing tools and techniques to manage your team:1. Interpersonal skills2. Training3. Team-building activities4. Ground rules5. Colocation6. Recognition and rewards7. Personnel assessment tool
As project manager for the sargassum seaweed project I would use these tools - Training, Colocation, Ground rules, Interpersonal skills etc.
As project manager for the sargassum seaweed project, I would use the following tools and techniques to manage my team:
Interpersonal skills: I would employ effective communication, problem solving, and conflict resolution skills to ensure the team is productive and successful.
Training: I would use training sessions to help team members understand the project’s objectives, roles and responsibilities, as well as effective strategies for meeting project goals.
Team-building activities: I would organize team-building activities to promote team cohesion and collaboration.
Ground rules: I would create ground rules that set expectations for the team and ensure everyone is accountable for their actions.
Colocation: I would encourage members of the team to work together in a common space, which will improve communication, collaboration and productivity.
Recognition and rewards: I would recognize team members who demonstrate exemplary performance and provide rewards for successful projects.
Personnel assessment tool: I would use a personnel assessment tool to evaluate team members’ performance and provide feedback to ensure project success.
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Write a capital expense proposal for a new piece of equipment (you identify it) which is to be added to a medium sized skilled 100 bed facility. Be sure to include logic in your proposal and real to life dollar figures (you can estimate these figures/find them on the internet/ or contact vendors.
In order to propose a capital expense for a new piece of equipment for a medium-sized skilled 100-bed facility, it is important to include logic in your proposal and real-life dollar figures.
The first step is to identify the equipment that is needed. For this example, let's assume the equipment is a new X-ray machine.
The next step is to determine the estimated cost of the equipment. This can be done by researching similar machines on the internet, contacting vendors, and/or estimating figures.
For the purposes of this proposal, let's assume the cost of the X-ray machine is $50,000.
The next step is to determine the expected return on investment (ROI). This can be done by calculating the expected cost savings over a certain period of time.
For example, if the X-ray machine is expected to save $10,000 per year in labor and maintenance costs, the return on investment is 20%.
Finally, it is important to explain the logic of the proposal. The explanation should include the need for the new equipment, the expected cost savings, and the expected return on investment.
This will help the decision makers understand why the new equipment is necessary, and why the capital expense is a good investment.
In conclusion, in order to propose a capital expense for a new X-ray machine for a medium-sized skilled 100-bed facility, the estimated cost is $50,000, with an expected return on investment of 20%, and an explanation of the logic behind the proposal.
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