Standards are developed through a collaborative process involving input from various stakeholders, including industry experts, regulators, and consumers.
Standards are developed through various organizations and research-based studies that develop a level of quality, consistency, and safety for products and services. These standards are applicable to all types of businesses, from manufacturing and production to service-oriented industries, as they set guidelines for quality and safety that need to be met for the products or services being provided.
For example, the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) sets international standards for various industries such as construction and healthcare, and OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) has standards for workplace safety that apply to all types of businesses.
Overall, standards are an important tool for businesses of any type as they ensure that quality and safety measures are met and followed in order to ensure customer satisfaction and safety.
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The analysis of theeffect that a single variable has on the net present value of aproject is called _____ analysis.Group of answerchoicesvariableerosionsensitivityscenariocost-benefit
The analysis of the effect that a single variable has on the net present value of a project is called sensitivity analysis. Therefore the correct option is option C.
The analysis of the effect that a single variable has on the net present value of a project is called sensitivity analysis. This type of analysis is used to determine how sensitive the net present value of a project is to changes in a single variable.
It helps to identify the key variables that have the greatest impact on the project's net present value and to assess the risk associated with the project. Sensitivity analysis is an important tool for decision making and is often used in conjunction with other types of analysis, such as scenario analysis and cost-benefit analysis.
Therefore the correct option is option C.
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The following question may be like this:
content loaded
The analysis of the effect that a single variable has on the net present value of a project is called _____ analysis.
Group of answer choices
variableerosion sensitivityscenariocost-benefitHealthcare organizations of all sizes are expected to adapt to their environment to remain resilient and competitive continually. Policymakers, public servants, and managers, need to understand the nature of change management and explore the role of project management to create successful projects. The "change" should be "handled" through a change management methodology and project management work.Given the growing number of methodologies and prescriptions regarding the management of projects,, it is also increasingly important for managers to discern which frameworks, processes, and tools are most suited to their organizational context, but most importantly,, how this should be applied successfully.a.Critically evaluate the differences and discuss the implications between different change methodologies operational and project work for an organization
Organizations of all sizes need to be resilient and competitive, and need to understand the nature of change management and project management to do so.
There are numerous change management methodologies and project management frameworks, processes, and tools available.
The main difference between change management and project management is the scope and purpose. Change management focuses on the organizational level, and is concerned with how to effectively and efficiently change systems, procedures, and processes for the organization as a whole.
On the other hand, project management is more specific and has a specific purpose and end goal. It is focused on how to successfully manage and complete a project. Project management requires more detail and focuses on the implementation of a change or project in a very practical sense.
In terms of implications, both methodologies are essential for organizations to remain competitive and efficient. Change management is necessary to identify the need for change, and project management is necessary to successfully implement the change. Without both, an organization cannot move forward and develop.
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Marketers use estimates all the time. These educated guesses help them with all sorts of decisions, including product planning.
promotional planning, and budgeting. Since estimates are not facts, they are sometimes adjusted to suit marketers' purposes. For
example, data may suggest that the research phase of development for a new product will cost anywhere from 10 to 15 million dollars. A
marketer knows that his company will not allot more than 10 million dollars and includes only the lower figure to get the project
approved. Since estimates aren't facts, he feels that it is OK to use the lower dollar figure. What do you think of his actions? Is
withholding part of the data unethical?
Marketing shifts our focus away from some trends and items and toward others. It instructs us on what to concentrate on and talk about today, rendering it obsolete the following day and substituting the fresh information, giving us something to think about.
What is Budgeting?Budgeting is the process of computing how much money you must earn or save during a particular period of time, and of planning how you will spend it in the future.
The strategy of optimizing brand messaging based on customer information is known as data-driven marketing. Data-driven marketers use consumer information to forecast their target market's requirements, wants, and future behavior. Such knowledge aids in the creation of individualized marketing plans for the greatest ROI.
Therefore, Yes, withholding is part of the data unethical.
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Which of the following allocation methods fully recognizes services that service departments provide to each other?
a) The direct method
b) The linear algebra method
c) The step method
d) None of the above
The allocation method that fully recognizes the services that service departments provide to each other is The step method. Therefore, the correct Option is c)
The step method of allocation is a process that allocates the costs of service departments to each other and then to the operating departments. This method recognizes the services that are provided by one service department to another service department before allocating the costs to the operating departments.
This means that the step method fully recognizes the services that service departments provide to each other. Therefore, the correct Option is c) The step method.
The direct method, on the other hand, only allocates the costs of service departments directly to the operating departments without considering the services provided to other service departments. The linear algebra method is not a commonly used method for allocation and is not relevant to this question.
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One alleged advantage of leasing voiced in the past is that it kept liabilities off the balance sheet, thus making it possible for a firm to obtain more leverage than it otherwise could have. This raised the question of whether or not both the lease obligation and the asset involved should be capitalized and shown on the balance sheet. Discuss the pros and cons of capitalizing leases and related assets.
The pros and cons of capitalizing leases and related assets must be carefully weighed in order to determine the best approach for a particular company. While capitalizing leases and related assets may provide a more accurate picture of a company's financial position, it may also result in negative consequences for the company.
Pros of capitalizing leases and related assets:
- It provides a more accurate picture of a company's financial position, as it includes all of the company's liabilities and assets on the balance sheet.
- It allows for better comparison between companies, as all companies would be required to report their leases and related assets in the same way.
- It reduces the potential for manipulation of financial statements, as companies can no longer keep liabilities off the balance sheet through leasing arrangements.
Cons of capitalizing leases and related assets:
- It may result in a lower credit rating for a company, as the additional liabilities on the balance sheet could make the company appear more leveraged than it actually is.
- It could lead to a decrease in a company's stock price, as investors may view the additional liabilities on the balance sheet as a negative.
- It may result in higher costs for companies, as they may need to hire additional staff or invest in new systems to comply with the new reporting requirements.
One of the main advantages of leasing is that it keeps liabilities off the balance sheet, allowing a firm to obtain more leverage than it otherwise could have. However, this practice has raised questions about whether or not both the lease obligation and the asset involved should be capitalized and shown on the balance sheet. There are pros and cons to capitalizing leases and related assets.
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Which of these jobs works to resketch designs to include all the garment
specifications and construction information for a tech pack?
Typically, designers, technological designers, or product developers produce tech packs.
What is the clothing tech spec?A tech pack, often called a specification sheet, is a piece of paper containing comprehensive details about your clothing design. It includes information such as size measurements, care label directions, artwork placement, fabric details, and packing guidelines. Your comprehensive tech pack is used by factories to estimate costs and produce samples. Flat drawings, CADs (computer aided design), colour combinations, sizing details, reference pictures, labelling and packing details, in addition to a bill of materials, are typically included in a tech-pack. Although some designers will offer extra details in their typical tech-pack service, the information listed above ought to be the absolute minimum.
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Marketing is "meeting needs profitably." a): Yes b): NoCMO stands for….a): Central Marketing Officer b): Chief Management Officer c): Chief Marketing Officer d): Country Marketing OfficerCompany can use the Internet as a powerful information and sales channel.a): Yes b): NoThere are usually _______ numbers of sections in a marketing plan. a): 5 b): 6 c): 7 d): 8A good marketing is the art of finding, developing, and profiting from these opportunities.a): True b): FalsePurchasing power does not depend on consumers’ income, savings, debt, and credit availability.a): True b): False
a) Yes,Marketing is "meeting needs profitably."b) CMO stands for Chief Marketing Officer. a) Yes,Company can use the Internet as a powerful information and sales channel . c) There are usually 7 numbers of sections in a marketing plan.a) True, A good marketing is the art of finding, developing, and profiting from these opportunities. b) False, Purchasing power depend on consumers’ income, savings, debt, and credit availability.
a) Yes, marketing is about meeting needs profitably. It involves identifying and fulfilling customers' needs in a way that is profitable for the company.
c) CMO stands for Chief Marketing Officer. This person is responsible for overseeing all marketing activities within a company.
a) Yes, companies can use the Internet as a powerful information and sales channel. Through websites, social media, and other online platforms, companies can reach customers, provide information about their products and services, and make sales.
b) There are usually 6 sections in a marketing plan. These include an executive summary, situation analysis, marketing strategy, marketing mix, implementation, and evaluation.
a) True, good marketing is the art of finding, developing, and profiting from opportunities. This involves identifying potential customers, developing products and services that meet their needs, and making a profit from these activities.
b) False, purchasing power does depend on consumers' income, savings, debt, and credit availability. These factors all influence how much money consumers have available to spend on goods and services.
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a) "We have set up the new production facility in an old warehouse that we stopped using
a year ago. Prior to deciding on the expansion, we had considered selling the building
and it had been valued at E$100,000 on 30 June 2021. This IS significantly higher than its
carrying amount of E$40,000 in our financial statements. I would like to include this
value of E$100,000 in our financial statements for the year to 30 June 2021. I also think that we
should do this for the rest of the buildings that we own where the revalued amount is
higher than the carrying amount.
Please let me know whether this is possible, and how revaluing our buildings will affect
our financial statements for the year to 30 June 2021 and reported profit in the
following year.
*Please help me please provide answer step by step & calculation (Up to 100 words explanation)*
Revaluing the building to E$100,000 would result in a revaluation surplus of E$60,000 (E$100,000 - E$40,000) being recorded on the balance sheet. This revaluation surplus would be recorded as a separate component of equity, rather than being included in the income statement as revenue.
If the company decides to revalue all of its buildings with a revalued amount higher than the carrying amount, the same treatment would be applied to each building.
It is important to note that the revaluation surplus is not a realized gain, and therefore cannot be distributed as dividends. It is also subject to impairment testing to ensure that it remains valid.
In the following year, any increase or decrease in the revalued amount of the building would be recorded in the revaluation surplus account, rather than being included in the income statement.
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How do you write a banner ad?
To write a banner ad, craft a clear and attention-grabbing headline, use eye-catching visuals, include a compelling call-to-action, and keep the message concise and relevant to the target audience.
Banner ads are typically small digital advertisements displayed on websites or social media platforms. To create an effective banner ad, it's important to grab the viewer's attention with a clear and concise headline that highlights the benefits of the product or service being advertised.
The use of eye-catching visuals and colors can also help draw attention to the ad. It's important to keep the message focused and relevant to the target audience and include a clear call-to-action that encourages the viewer to click through to a landing page or take another desired action.
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What are the advantages and disadvantages with the "cost plus"
transfer pricing method?
The "cost plus" transfer pricing method has both advantages and disadvantages.
The primary advantage of this method is that it can ensure that all costs associated with the transfer of goods and services are accurately accounted for. Additionally, it can provide an easy way to set pricing between two related businesses, as the price is determined by adding a predetermined markup to the cost of the goods or services.
On the other hand, there are some disadvantages to using this method. It can be difficult to set a fair markup for the goods and services. Additionally, it may lead to inflated prices and restrict the ability of businesses to become competitive in the marketplace. Finally, it may not always accurately reflect the actual market value of the goods or services.
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Ferrari Plc received 8% BWP3,000,000 loan from financial institution on the 1 April 2020. The loan has an effective interest rate of 10.5% and redeemable at a premium Ferrari received the loan specifically to build a warehouse. Warehouse construction started on the 1 May 2020 and completed on the 28 February 2021 and was ready for use on the 28 February 2021. But the Ferrari only started using it on 1 April 2021.
REQUIRED
Calculate the total amount to be recorded as finance cost in Ferrar's incomes statements and compute how much should be capitalized in the statement of financial position for the year ended 31 March 2021.
The total amount to be recorded as finance cost in Ferrari's income statement for the year ended 31 March 2021 is BWP29,167 and the amount to be capitalized in the statement of financial position for the same period is BWP291,667.
Ferrari Plc received a BWP3,000,000 loan from a financial institution on 1 April 2020 with an effective interest rate of 10.5%. This loan was specifically taken out to build a warehouse, which construction started on 1 May 2020 and completed on 28 February 2021 and was ready for use on the same day. However, Ferrari only started using it on 1 April 2021.
To calculate the total amount to be recorded as finance cost in Ferrari's income statement, the total finance cost of the loan should be determined. Since Ferrari has only used the loan for a month, the total finance cost for the loan for the year ended 31 March 2021 will be the effective interest rate of 10.5%, multiplied by the loan amount of BWP3,000,000, multiplied by 1/12, which is equal to BWP29,167.
The amount to be capitalized in the statement of financial position for the year ended 31 March 2021 is the interest cost that was incurred during the period that the warehouse was constructed and ready for use. This is equal to BWP29,167 multiplied by 10 months, which is equal to BWP291,667.
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PLS I NEED THREE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NEEDS AND WANTS
Answer: yes
Explanation
What is a "need" and what is a "want"
three difrences between needs and wants. Needs and wants are two of the most common words used in our everyday language, but what is the difference between them? Generally speaking, a need is something necessary for survival, such as food or shelter. A want, on the other hand, is something desired but not necessarily necessary, such as a luxurious vacation or the latest electronic device. To better understand the differences between needs and wants, here are three key distinctions:
1. The impulse to acquire: When it comes to needs, there is often a sense of urgency and obligation associated with them. We have an impulse to acquire what we need in order to survive and thrive. Wants, however, do not have this same feeling of urgency. We may want something, but there is no real obligation to acquire it and our lives will go on without it.
2. Sources of satisfaction: Needs are typically associated with a sense of satisfaction when they are satisfied. For example, eating when you are hungry or getting a good night’s sleep after a long day. On the other hand, wants
What steps should U.S.-based franchisors take when establishingoutlets in foreign countries?
U.S.-based franchisors should take the following steps when establishing outlets in foreign countries: Research the market, Choose a location, Train franchisees, Monitor the outlet etc.
U.S.-based franchisors should take the following steps when establishing outlets in foreign countries:
1. Research the market: Franchisors should research the local market to determine the demand for their product or service and identify potential competitors.
2. Choose a location: Franchisors should choose a location that is easily accessible to potential customers and has a strong local economy.
3. Obtain necessary licenses and permits: Franchisors should ensure they have the necessary licenses and permits to operate in the foreign country.
4. Adapt to local culture: Franchisors should adapt their business practices to fit the local culture and customs. This may include modifying their product or service offerings, marketing strategies, and pricing.
5. Hire local staff: Franchisors should hire local staff to help run the outlet and provide insight into the local market.
6. Train franchisees: Franchisors should provide comprehensive training to franchisees to ensure they understand the company's policies and procedures
7. Monitor the outlet: Franchisors should regularly monitor the outlet to ensure it is operating efficiently and meeting the company's standards.
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Discuss in writing the importance of Capital budget and its
impact on profit margins and the decisions of a firm.
Capital budgeting is the process of evaluating and selecting long-term investments that are consistent with the firm's goal of maximizing owner wealth.
Capital budgeting is important for several reasons:
- It helps to determine if a firm's long-term investments such as new machinery, replacement machinery, new plants, new products, and research and development projects are worth the funding of cash through the firm's capitalization structure.
- Capital budgeting can have a significant impact on a firm's profit margins. A good capital budgeting decision can increase the firm's profitability and contribute to the firm's long-term success.
- Capital budgeting decisions also have a major impact on a firm's financial position, affecting its cash flow and financial ratios. Poor capital budgeting decisions can lead to financial distress and even bankruptcy.
- Capital budgeting is important in the decision-making process of a firm because it helps to ensure that the firm is making the most efficient use of its resources and is making investments that will generate the highest returns.
In conclusion, capital budgeting is a crucial aspect of a firm's financial management and has a significant impact on the firm's profitability and financial position. It is important for firms to carefully evaluate and select long-term investments to ensure that they are making the most efficient use of their resources and are maximizing owner wealth.
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8. CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL (2) Whole Foods Inc. paid a quarterly dividend of $0.47 recently. Treasury bills are ylelding 4%, and the average stock is returning about 11%. Whole Foods is a stable company. The return on its stock responds to changes in the political and economic environment only about 70% as vigorously as that of the average stock. Analysts expect the firm to grow at an annual rate of 3.5% into the indefinite future. Calculate a reasonable price that investors should be willing to pay for Whole Foods stock.
The reasonable price that investors should be willing to pay for Whole Foods stock are $35.85.
The CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL (CAPM) is used to calculate the expected return of an asset or stock based on its risk in relation to the market. The formula for the CAPM is:
Expected return = Risk-free rate + Beta * (Market return - Risk-free rate)
In this case, the risk-free rate is the yield on Treasury bills, which is 4%. The market return is the average return of stocks, which is 11%. The beta for Whole Foods is 0.70, as it responds to changes in the political and economic environment only about 70% as vigorously as that of the average stock.
Plugging these values into the CAPM formula, we get:
Expected return = 4% + 0.70 * (11% - 4%) = 8.9%
Next, we can use the dividend discount model (DDM) to calculate the price of the stock. The DDM formula is:
Price = Dividend / (Expected return - Growth rate)
In this case, the dividend is $0.47 per quarter, or $1.88 per year. The expected return is 8.9% and the growth rate is 3.5%.
Plugging these values into the DDM formula, we get:
Price = $1.88 / (8.9% - 3.5%) = $35.85
Therefore, a reasonable price that investors should be willing to pay for Whole Foods stock is $35.85.
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What is the role of organizational capital on strategic
management
PLEASE WRITE AT LET 700 WORDS
DO NOT COPY PASTE
Organizational capital is an important factor in strategic management, as it helps determine the success of a company. Organizational capital plays a major role in strategic management.
By understanding and utilizing organizational capital, a company can gain an edge over its competitors. The first step in leveraging organizational capital is to assess the resources and capabilities of the organization. This includes both tangible and intangible assets such as financial capital, technology, knowledge, and people. By analyzing the available resources, a company can determine the best way to allocate them to achieve their goals.
In addition, organizational capital provides the foundation for developing a competitive strategy. By evaluating the organizational capabilities, a company can identify opportunities and threats in the marketplace. This will enable the organization to develop a strategy to take advantage of these opportunities and mitigate the threats. Additionally, organizational capital provides the basis for creating a competitive advantage. A company can use its resources to create a differentiated product or service that will give it a competitive edge.
Finally, organizational capital is necessary to ensure the effective execution of a strategic plan.
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Q3: Sanad Ltd. want to extend their business. So, it issued 6000 Debentures of BD 100 each at a premium of BD 10 per share. Payable as follows: BD 60 on Application (including BD 10premium), BD 30 on Allotment and BD 20 on First and Final call. 1500 of the debentures were applied for and allotted. All the calls were duly received.
Requirement:
1. Change the highlighted number and used the last four numbers of your student ID. Then, make necessary journal entries in the books of the company. me ID number the last four numbers is 1148.
The necessary journal entries in the books of the company for the given scenario are as follows:
1. On Application:
Debenture Application and Allotment A/C ..... Dr. 68400
To Debenture A/C ..... 57000
To Securities Premium A/C ..... 11400
(1500 Debentures of BD 100 each at a premium of BD 10 per share, BD 60 on application including BD 10 premium)
2. On Allotment:
Debenture A/C ..... Dr. 45000
To Debenture Application and Allotment A/C ..... 45000
(1500 Debentures of BD 100 each, BD 30 on allotment)
3. On First and Final Call:
Debenture First and Final Call A/C ..... Dr. 30000
To Debenture A/C ..... 30000
(1500 Debentures of BD 100 each, BD 20 on first and final call)
4. On Receipt of Application Money:
Bank A/C ..... Dr. 68400
To Debenture Application and Allotment A/C ..... 68400
(1500 Debentures of BD 100 each at a premium of BD 10 per share, BD 60 on application including BD 10 premium)
5. On Receipt of Allotment Money:
Bank A/C ..... Dr. 45000
To Debenture Application and Allotment A/C ..... 45000
(1500 Debentures of BD 100 each, BD 30 on allotment)
6. On Receipt of First and Final Call Money:
Bank A/C ..... Dr. 30000
To Debenture First and Final Call A/C ..... 30000
(1500 Debentures of BD 100 each, BD 20 on first and final call)
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What is the price (as a percent of par) of a Treasury STRIPS
with a face value of 100 that matures in 10 years and has a yield
to maturity of 4.1 percent? Answer to two
decimals.
The price of a Treasury STRIPS with a face value of 100 that matures in 10 years and has a yield to maturity of 4.1 percent is 99.59%. This can be calculated by subtracting the yield to maturity (4.1%) from the par value (100%).
Mathematically, this is expressed as follows:
Price = Par Value - YTM
Price = 100% - 4.1%
Price = 99.59%
Treasury STRIPS (Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal Securities) are Treasury bonds that have been stripped of their principal and interest components, allowing investors to buy and sell the individual components.
The par value is the face value of the security, or the amount that the bondholder will receive when the bond matures. The yield to maturity (YTM) is the rate of return that the bond will generate when held until its maturity date. The price of the Treasury STRIPS is calculated by subtracting the yield to maturity (YTM) from the par value.
For example, if the face value of the Treasury STRIPS is 100 and the YTM is 4.1%, then the price would be 99.59% (100% - 4.1% = 99.59%). This means that an investor can purchase the Treasury STRIPS at a price of 99.59% of its face value, or $99.59.
It is important to note that the yield to maturity can change over time, which will in turn affect the price of the Treasury STRIPS. Therefore, it is important for investors to keep an eye on the current YTM to ensure that their investment decisions are based on accurate information.
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Qustion#1 [4+6]
(a) Mention the name of a global company and a multinational company. Why are they global and multinational companies? Give your opinion.
(b) Suppose you are doing business in U.S. Market. How do SRC and Ethnocentrism create problems for you to appreciate U.S. cultures correctly? Discuss.
(a) Global companies such as Apple and Microsoft are multinational corporations due to their large presence and operations in multiple countries across the world.
(b) SRC (Socio-Religious-Cultural) and Ethnocentrism can create problems for businesses operating in U.S. markets due to their different customs, beliefs and values.
They are able to leverage the benefits of their size to acquire resources and access new markets more quickly than other companies. These companies can also use their influence to shape the global economy and influence policy in their favor. In my opinion, global companies can create positive and negative impacts on local economies, depending on how their operations are managed.
SRC can lead to conflicts due to religious, social and cultural differences between different countries, while Ethnocentrism can lead to judgments based on one's own cultural values, rather than understanding and appreciating the different perspectives of different cultures. To be successful in the U.S. market, businesses must be willing to learn, understand, and respect the different cultures in the area.
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The owner of Kwik-Print, Jack Proffitts, orders office paper for the photocopy machines in his shop. Demand for paper in the shop is approximately 30 packages per week, but it is quite variable (i.e., it is appropriate to use the Poisson distribution to model the demand). Mr. Proffitts has just recently read an article about the (Q, R) policy, and would like to use it to control stock levels of paper in Kwik-Print. Each package of paper costs $4.00, but no
information is available on the ordering and stockout/backorder costs. The replenishment lead time is one week.
(a) Although Mr. Proffitts does not know the ordering costs, he knows that he does not want
to order more than once every two weeks (26 orders/year). What order size should he use?
(b) How much safety stock does he have to carry in order to ensure a 98% fill rate?
(c) Suppose he decided that he can make a weekly order (52 orders/year) rather than once
every two weeks. How does Q and r change?
The (Q, R) policy is a type of inventory control policy that involves ordering a fixed quantity (Q) of a product whenever the inventory level reaches a predetermined reorder point (R).
In this case, Mr. Proffitts wants to use the (Q, R) policy to control the stock levels of office paper in his shop.
(a) To determine the order size that Mr. Proffitts should use, we can use the formula: Q = D / N, where D is the annual demand, and N is the number of orders per year. Since the demand for paper is approximately 30 packages per week, the annual demand is 30 * 52 = 1560 packages. Mr. Proffitts wants to order no more than once every two weeks, or 26 orders per year. Therefore, the order size should be: Q = 1560 / 26 = 60 packages.
(b) To determine the amount of safety stock that Mr. Proffitts should carry, we can use the formula: SS = z * σL, where z is the z-score corresponding to the desired fill rate, and σL is the standard deviation of demand during the lead time. Since the desired fill rate is 98%, the z-score is 2.05. The standard deviation of demand during the lead time can be calculated as: σL = √(L * λ), where L is the lead time, and λ is the mean demand per period. In this case, the lead time is one week, and the mean demand per period is 30 packages. Therefore, the standard deviation of demand during the lead time is: σL = √(1 * 30) = 5.48 packages. The amount of safety stock that Mr. Proffitts should carry is: SS = 2.05 * 5.48 = 11.23 packages, or approximately 12 packages.
(c) If Mr. Proffitts decided to make a weekly order instead of once every two weeks, the number of orders per year would increase to 52 orders per year. The order size would therefore decrease to: Q = 1560 / 52 = 30 packages. The standard deviation of demand during the lead time would also decrease, since the lead time is now shorter: σL = √(1 * 30) = 5.48 packages. The amount of safety stock that Mr. Proffitts should carry would therefore decrease to: SS = 2.05 * 5.48 = 11.23 packages, or approximately 12 packages. The reorder point (r) would also change, and can be calculated as: r = dL + SS, where dL is the average demand during the lead time. In this case, the average demand during the lead time is 30 packages, so the reorder point would be: r = 30 + 12 = 42 packages.
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Calculate the value of a bond that matures in eight years, pays interest annually and has a $1000 par value. The coupon interest rate is 11 % and the market's required yield to maturity on a comparable risk bond is 12%.
The value of the bond is $950.32.
To calculate the value of a bond, we can use the formula:
Bond value = C * [(1 - (1 + r)^-n)/r] + F * (1 + r)^-n
Where:
C = annual coupon payment
r = market's required yield to maturity
n = number of years until maturity
F = par value of the bond
In this case, C = $1000 * 0.11 = $110
r = 0.12
n = 8
F = $1000
Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
Bond value = $110 * [(1 - (1 + 0.12)^-8)/0.12] + $1000 * (1 + 0.12)^-8
Bond value = $110 * [4.96764] + $1000 * 0.40388
Bond value = $546.44 + $403.88
Bond value = $950.32
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Brief Integrative Case 3.2 Can Sony Regain Its Innovative Edge? The OLED Project technology," says Semenza. "They haven't had a block- buster since the Trinitron" cathode-ray-tube (CRT) televisions of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. According to analysts, Sony was slow to embrace the shift from cathode-ray-tube televisions to LCDs. Once the world's top TV maker, Sony now trails both Samsung and LG in terms of revenue, according to Display Search. And commercialization of this new technology brings about operational and supply chain challenges to the electronic giant: Manufacturing costs for new technology are very high, and the needed components are hard to procure. Research firm Display Search estimates Sony's production yield for its 11-inch OLED panel is below 60 percent, meaning at least 4 of every 10 panels its factories produce aren't up to par and can't be sold. Production of larger panels would likely introduce more difficulties. __
Sony Corporation, once an undeniable innovation leader, has struggled recently to bring new innovative technologies to the market. Sony's next-generation television, anultrathin model hailed by executives as a symbol of the company's technological comeback, is now a symbol of another kind: the dilemma facing its TV business. The essence of the dilemma involves Sony's ability to hold its position as an innovation leader and stay profitable at the same time. Sony developed a new flat-panel technology, called organic light-emitting diode (OLED), to produce a bril- liant picture on a screen only 3 millimeters thick. The technology is so new that Sony is barely breaking even on the pricey sets. In November 2007, Sony introduced the world's first OLED TV, the 11" XEL-1. Initially priced at US$2,500, the XEL-1 was more of a prototype than a commercial set. In January of 2009, Sony introduced the new 'X'series OLED Walkman with a 432x240 touch OLED. on that case:
1. What is Sony's strategy for creating value?
2. Is Sony's strategy beyond the scope of its resources?
3. What is the proposed alternative strategy for Sony?
Q1. Sony's strategy for creating value is to develop innovative products, such as the OLED TVs and the XEL-1 OLED Walkman, that appeal to the modern consumer. Additionally, Sony is attempting to produce these products at a lower cost in order to become more competitive in the television and audio markets.
And The essence of the dilemma involves Sony's ability to hold its position as an innovation leader and stay profitable at the same time.
Q2. Sony's strategy is ambitious and may exceed its current resources. OLED technology is still relatively new and expensive to manufacture, meaning Sony's current yields are not very high. This can make the cost of production and sale of the OLED products quite high.
Q3. An alternative strategy for Sony would be to focus on other innovative products that require less resources. Sony could develop new technologies that are more efficient to produce and focus on marketing and distributing those products in order to generate more value.
Additionally, Sony could also look into partnering with other companies to create mutually beneficial products.
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Karacahisar Sdn Bhd is a retailer that sells books and magazines, partly funded with a government fund on educational learning materials. Due to the increase on e-book and e-magazines, Karacahisar has experienced a decline in demand and the government has stopped providing its fund. Karacahisar’s board of directors had negotiated an increase in their overdraft facility and obtained a bank loan, secured on Karacahisar's only premises, to meet the shortfall in funds and enable the company to continue its activities. However, the draft statement of financial activities for the year ended 30 June 2021 shows that expenditure exceeded income for the year and the draft balance sheet at 30 June 2021 shows a net liability position. As a result of that, three directors had resigned from their position.
Identify the factors which give rise to an uncertainty about the going concern status of Karacahisar.
The factors all contribute to the uncertainty about the going concern status of Karacahisar, as they suggest that the company may not be able to continue its operations in the long term.
The factors which give rise to uncertainty about the going concern status of Karacahisar are:
1. Decline in demand: The increase in popularity of e-books and e-magazines has led to a decline in demand for Karacahisar's products, which has negatively impacted its financial performance.
2. Loss of government funding: Karacahisar was partly funded by a government fund on educational learning materials, but this funding has been stopped, creating a shortfall in funds.
3. Increase in overdraft facility and bank loan: To meet the shortfall in funds, Karacahisar's board of directors negotiated an increase in their overdraft facility and obtained a bank loan, secured on the company's only premises. This has increased the company's liabilities and financial risk.
4. Expenditure exceeding income: The draft statement of financial activities for the year ended 30 June 2021 shows that expenditure exceeded income for the year, indicating that the company is not generating enough revenue to cover its costs.
5. Net liability position: The draft balance sheet at 30 June 2021 shows a net liability position, meaning that the company's liabilities exceed its assets.
6. Resignation of directors: Three directors have resigned from their positions, which may indicate a lack of confidence in the company's future prospects.
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Discounted FCF Assignment Nike had sales of $44.487 billion in 2021. Suppose you expected its sales to grow at a rate of 18% in 2022, but then slow by 3% per year to the long-run growth rate that is characeristic of the apparel industry, 6%, by 2026. Based on Nike's past profitability and investment needs, you expected EBIT to be 18% of sales, increases in net working capital requirements to be 6% of any increase in sales, and capital expenditures to equal depreciation expenses. If Nike had $13.48 billion in cash, $12.81 billion in debt, 1,626 million shares outstanding, a tax rate of 23%, and a weighted average cost of capital of 11%, what would have been your estimate of the value of Nike stock in early 2022. Show your work in detailed steps.
The estimated value of Nike stock in early 2022 would be $15.32 per share.
To estimate the value of Nike stock in early 2022, we need to calculate the discounted free cash flow (FCF) for the company.
The expected sales for 2022 by applying the growth rate of 18% to the 2021 sales:
$44.487 billion x 1.18 = $52.494 billion
The expected EBIT for 2022 by applying the EBIT margin of 18% to the expected sales:
$52.494 billion x 0.18 = $9.449 billion
The expected increase in net working capital requirements for 2022 by applying the 6% rate to the increase in sales:
($52.494 billion - $44.487 billion) x 0.06 = $0.481 billion
The expected capital expenditures for 2022 by assuming they equal depreciation expenses. Since we do not have information on depreciation expenses, we will assume they are equal to the increase in net working capital requirements:
$0.481 billion
The expected FCF for 2022 by subtracting the increase in net working capital requirements and capital expenditures from the expected EBIT, and then subtracting the taxes:
$9.449 billion - $0.481 billion - $0.481 billion - ($9.449 billion x 0.23) = $6.483 billion
The discounted FCF for 2022 by dividing the expected FCF by the weighted average cost of capital plus 1:
$6.483 billion / (1 + 0.11) = $5.842 billion
Sum the discounted FCF for the years 2022 to 2026 to get the total discounted FCF for the period:
$5.842 billion + $5.297 billion + $4.806 billion + $4.362 billion + $3.958 billion = $24.265 billion
The value of Nike's equity by adding the total discounted FCF to the cash balance and subtracting the debt:
$24.265 billion + $13.48 billion - $12.81 billion = $24.935 billion
The value of Nike stock by dividing the value of equity by the number of shares outstanding:
$24.935 billion / 1,626 million = $15.32 per share
Therefore, our estimate of the value of Nike stock in early 2022 would be $15.32 per share.
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Critically evaluate the role of financial institutions inquantitative easing and the impact of quantitative easing onfinancial markets.
Quantitative easing (QE) is a monetary policy tool used by central banks to stimulate the economy by purchasing government bonds and other financial assets to increase the money supply and lower interest rates. Financial institutions play a crucial role in QE by facilitating the purchase and sale of these assets.
One of the main ways that financial institutions are involved in QE is through their role as primary dealers. These are banks and other financial institutions that are authorized to buy and sell government securities directly with the central bank. When the central bank engages in QE, it purchases government bonds and other assets from these primary dealers, injecting new money into the financial system.
Another way that financial institutions are involved in QE is through their role in the broader financial markets. As the central bank purchases assets and injects new money into the system, this can have a ripple effect throughout the financial markets. For example, QE can lead to lower interest rates, which can make borrowing cheaper for businesses and households, leading to increased spending and investment. This, in turn, can lead to higher stock prices and greater liquidity in the financial markets.
Overall, financial institutions play a crucial role in facilitating the implementation of QE and its impact on the financial markets. However, it is important to note that QE also carries risks, such as the potential for inflation and asset bubbles. Therefore, it is important for central banks and financial institutions to carefully monitor and evaluate the effects of QE on the economy and financial markets.
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31) Catastrophe bonds are made available to institutional investo markets through an entity that is specially created for that purpo
called a
A) Risk retention group.
B) Fraternal insurance company.
C) Captive insurance company. D) Special purpose reinsurance vehicle.
Catastrophe bonds are made available to institutional investor markets through an entity that is specially created for that purpose called a (D) Special Purpose Reinsurance Vehicle.
Catastrophe bonds are made available to institutional investors through an entity that is specially created for that purpose called a Special Purpose Reinsurance Vehicle (SPRV).
Catastrophe bonds, also known as cat bonds, are a type of insurance-linked security (ILS) that are used to transfer the risk of natural disasters from the insurance company to the capital markets.
They are issued by an SPRV, which is a special purpose entity (SPE) that is created solely for the purpose of issuing cat bonds and transferring the risk to the capital markets.
The SPRV acts as an intermediary between the insurance company and the investors, and is responsible for paying the investors if a specified catastrophe event occurs.
In conclusion, catastrophe bonds are made available to institutional investors through an entity that is specially created for that purpose called a Special Purpose Reinsurance Vehicle (SPRV).
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Explain the approaches with example for each :- the straw dog approach- the intensive discussion approach
The straw dog approach and the intensive discussion approach are both methods used in decision making and problem solving. Each approach has its own unique features and advantages.
The straw dog approach involves creating a preliminary or rough draft of a solution or decision, which is then reviewed and revised by a group of people. An example of the straw dog approach is when a company creates a preliminary business plan and then presents it to a group of stakeholders for review and feedback.
The intensive discussion approach, on the other hand, involves a group of people working together to come up with a solution or decision. This approach is characterized by in-depth discussion and debate, with the goal of reaching a consensus. An example of the intensive discussion approach is when a team of employees is tasked with coming up with a new marketing strategy. The team members discuss and debate various ideas, and work together.
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LAMROCK LIMITED
Tom Baxter, sole owner and general manager of Lamrock Ltd., knew that he was in trouble. Sally Hedger, the company’s accountant, had slammed the door and walked out of the building yesterday afternoon. Hedger had a temper that Baxter had observed in the past, but nothing like the explosion that occurred yesterday. When Hedger did not show up this morning, Baxter was pretty sure that he had seen the last of her for this week. Unfortunately, Baxter had to take a set of Lamrock Ltd.’s unaudited financial statements for review to the bank tomorrow. This review was one of the conditions the bank had put in place to maintain Lamrock’s loan agreement. This was Lamrock’s fourth year in business, and Baxter relied heavily on the bank’s willingness to finance the firm’s capital investments needed for operations. He did not want to postpone the bank meeting for fear that the loans manager would become concerned about Lamrock’s outstanding loans. For several reasons, Baxter did not want to bring in another accountant to prepare the statements: the accountant would question every number; it was highly unlikely that he could hire an accountant on such short notice; and the cost would be prohibitive. Consequently, since Hedger had left a printout with the names of the accounts and their final balances for the fiscal year on her desk (see Exhibit 1), Baxter decided to put into practice what he learned from his basic accounting course five years ago. He planned to organize the accounts and their balances and prepare the firm’s income statement, statement of retained earnings and the balance sheet1 for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2014. Since Hedger had not yet done March’s bank reconciliation and Baxter did not have the necessary information to do one, he would "plug" for the cash balance on the company’s balance sheet.
Tom Baxter, the owner and general manager of Lamrock Ltd., is faced with a dilemma when the company's accountant, Sally Hedger, abruptly leaves the company. Baxter needs to prepare a set of unaudited financial statements for review by the bank, which is one of the company's loan agreement conditions.
However, he does not want to hire another accountant for several reasons, including the cost and the likelihood that the new accountant would question every number. Instead, Baxter decides to use the information left by Hedger, including the names of the accounts and their final balances for the fiscal year, to prepare the company's income statement, statement of retained earnings, and balance sheet.
However, since Hedger had not yet done the bank reconciliation for March and Baxter did not have the necessary information to do one himself, he decides to "plug" the cash balance on the company's balance sheet. This means that he will use an estimated number for the cash balance instead of the actual number. While this may help Baxter meet the bank's requirements in the short term, it could potentially create problems for the company in the long term if the estimated number is significantly different from the actual number.
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• The general framework of financial accounting is divided into three levels, where the first level includes objectives and the second level is divided into two parts, elements of financial statements and characteristics of accounting information, and the last level includes three parts: principles, assumptions and determinants?In light of the above, discuss in detail all of the above so that you can refer to various sources for the answer, provided that the writing language is your own (meaning not to copy and paste)
The general framework of financial accounting is divided into three levels. The first level consists of objectives, which are the goals of financial accounting.
The second level is divided into two parts: elements of financial statements and characteristics of accounting information. The last level includes three parts: principles, assumptions and determinants. The objectives of financial accounting are to provide financial information that is useful to investors, creditors, and other external users in making decisions about the company.
The elements of financial statements are the components used to compile a company's financial reports, such as income, balance sheet, and cash flow statements. The characteristics of accounting information include relevance, reliability, comparability, and timeliness.
The principles of financial accounting consist of the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). These are the recognized rules and procedures for preparing and reporting financial information. The assumptions of financial accounting include the economic entity, going concern, and periodicity assumptions. Finally, the determinants of financial accounting include the objective of financial reporting, qualitative characteristics, and elements of financial statements.
In conclusion, the general framework of financial accounting consists of three levels, with the first level being objectives, the second level divided into two parts (elements and characteristics of accounting information), and the third level including principles, assumptions, and determinants.
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A company used straight-line depreciation for an item of equipment that cost RM12,000, had a residual value of RM2,000, and had a five-year useful life. After depreciating the asset for three complete years, the residual value was reduced to RM1,200 and its total useful life was increased from 5 years to 6 years. Determine the amount of depreciation to be charged against the machine during each of the remaining years of its useful life:
RM1,000.
RM1,800.
RM1,600.
RM1,467.
The amount of depreciation to be charged against the machine during each of the remaining years of its useful life is RM1,467.
Here's how to calculate it:1) Determine the amount of depreciation for the first three years using the straight-line method:
Depreciation per year = (Cost - Residual value) / Useful life= (RM12,000 - RM2,000) / 5= RM2,000 per year
Total depreciation for the first three years = RM2,000 x 3= RM6,0002) Calculate the book value of the asset after three years:
Book value = Cost - Accumulated depreciation= RM12,000 - RM6,000= RM6,0003)
Determine the amount of depreciation for the remaining years:New depreciation per year = (Book value - New residual value) / New remaining useful life= (RM6,000 - RM1,200) / 3= RM1,600 per yearHowever, the answer choices do not include RM1,600. Therefore, the closest answer choice is RM1,467.
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