Both releasing HCl, CO, and phosgene gas into the air and releasing vinyl chloride can have harmful effects on the environment and human health.
What is high concentration ?
High concentration refers to a large amount or a high proportion of a substance in a given mixture or environment. The specific threshold for what constitutes a high concentration depends on the context and the particular substance involved.
What is EPA ?
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an independent agency of the United States federal government, established in 1970 to protect human health and the environment. The EPA is responsible for setting and enforcing regulations related to air and water quality, waste management, hazardous materials, and other environmental issues.
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What is the problem with changing the force in the rubber band and the mass of the tub at the same time?
When you apply a force to a rubber band, it changes shape and then returns to its previous shape when you remove the force.
What change would happen to a rubber band when force is applied on it?It is solid in nature, but because to the elastic nature of the rubber band, it may change shape when force is applied. For modest applied forces, the stretching action of rubber bands follows Hooke's Law, F=k x.
The limit of force for which the rubber band obeys Hooke's law is determined by the band's physical parameters, such as cross-sectional area. The stronger the attraction, the longer it lasts. In other words, a greater force causes the rubber band to stretch further.
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When a person runs, how is
the energy transformed?
A. The chemical energy in their food is
transformed into sound and thermal energy.
B. The mechanical energy in their food is
transformed into electromagnetic and
thermal energy.
C. The chemical energy in their food is
transformed into mechanical and thermal
energy.
The energy can neither be created nor be destroyed. But it can be converted from one form to another. When a person runs, The chemical energy in their food is transformed into mechanical and thermal energy. The correct option is C.
What is mechanical energy?The mechanical energy of an object is the sum of the potential and kinetic energies which is used to do a particular work. It represents the energy of an object due to its motion or position or both.
The body takes chemical energy in the form of food. when a person runs this chemical energy is utilized by our body and converted into kinetic energy (Mechanical). The body get heated by running which then releases thermal energy.
Thus the correct option is C.
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Pls I need help urgently pls. Search the Lewis dot structure for water and ethanol and examine the structures and identify which part is partial negative and partial positive.
Answer:
The oxygen atom in water is partially negative and the hydrogen atoms are partially positive. In ethanol, the oxygen atom is partially negative and the carbon and hydrogen atoms are partially positive.
A sealed flask contains
3.6 atm H2 gas and
1.8 atm O2 gas.
What is the total pressure in the
flask in atm?
Total Pressure, atm
Considering the Dalton's partial pressure, the total pressure in the flask is 5.4 atm.
Definition of Dalton's partial pressureThe pressure exerted by a particular gas in a mixture is known as its partial pressure.
Dalton establishes that, at a stable temperature, the total pressure of a mixture of gases that do not chemically react with each other is equal to the sum of the partial pressures that each of its components would exert:
[tex]P_{T}[/tex]=P₁ + P₂ + ... + Pₙ
where n is the amount of gases present in the mixture.
This relationship is due to the assumption that there are no attractive forces between the gases.
Total pressure in the flaskIn this case , you know:
[tex]P_{H_{2} }[/tex]= 3.6 atm[tex]P_{O_{2} }[/tex]= 1.8 atmThe total pressure in the flask is calculated as:
[tex]P_{T}[/tex]=[tex]P_{H_{2} }[/tex] + [tex]P_{O_{2} }[/tex]
Substituting the corresponding values:
[tex]P_{T}[/tex]=3.6 atm + 1.8 atm
Solving:
[tex]P_{T}[/tex]=5.4 atm
Finally, the total pressure is 5.4 atm.
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How many moles of iron (II) chloride will be formed upon the complete reaction of 28.5 of iron with excess hydrochloric acid?
It should be 0.789 moles because we started with 28.8 g x 1 mol/36.5 g = 0.789 moles
Consider the following reaction PCL→ PCL3+ CL2 Calculate the amount, in moles of Chlorin that would be produced form 5.10g of phosphorus (v) chloride [P=31, C1=35.5]
A student mixed 24.5 g of magnesium bromide with 8.67 x 1022 molecules of hydroiodic acid... They recovered 8.23 g of acid. What is the percent yield?
As per the result, the reaction's percent yield is about 38.4%.
What is percent yield?
The % ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield is referred to as percent yield. We must compare the actual yield with the theoretical yield in order to determine the percent yield of a reaction.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydroiodic acid (HI) and magnesium bromide ([tex]MgBr_2[/tex]) is as follows:
[tex]MgI_2 + 2HBr ----- > MgBr_2 + 2HI[/tex]
This equation shows that when 1 mole of[tex]MgBr_2[/tex] is combined with 2 moles of HI, 1 mole of MgI2 and 2 moles of HBr are created. With this knowledge, we can determine the theoretical yield of HBr that ought to have been attained given the quantity of [tex]MgBr_2[/tex] used:
MgBr2 moles are equal to mass/molar mass, which is 24.5 g/184.11 g/mol, or 0.133 moles.
0.266 moles of HBr are equal to 2 moles of [tex]MgBr_2[/tex] multiplied by 0.133 moles.
0.266 moles of HBr times a molar mass of 80.91 g/mol results in 21.47 g of HBr mass.
Hence, 21.47 g is the theoretical yield of HBr.
8.23 g of HBr were really produced during the experiment.
So, we can determine the % yield as follows:
(Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) x 100% Equals percent yield
percent yield = (8.23 g / 21.47 g) x 100%
percent yield = 38.4%
Thus, the percent yield of the reaction is approximately 38.4%.
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A liter of milk has a [H+] of about 2.51 × 10–7. (You may prefer to think of the hydronium ion concentration, [H3O+], as 2.51 × 10–7.) Use the formula for the calculation of pH provided and show each step as you calculate the pH of milk. In order to get full points you must show all the steps you take.
Milk has a pH of roughly 6.60.
What is the formula to determine pH based on the amount of H+?The following equation, pH = log [H+], which refers to the molar hydrogen ion concentration, gives the definition of pH. You'll see that to get pH, we must use the common (base 10) logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.
The formula for calculating pH is: pH = -log[H+]
where [H+] is the concentration of hydrogen ions (also known as hydronium ions) in moles per liter.
Given that the [H+] in a liter of milk is about 2.51 × 10–7, we can calculate the pH as follows:
pH = -log(2.51 × 10–7)
pH = -log(2.51) - log(10–7) (using the logarithmic rule that log(ab) = log(a) + log(b))
pH = -0.399 - (-7) (taking the negative logarithm of 2.51)
pH = 6.60
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A student is making a solution of NaCl in water. If the student uses 6.72 grams of NaCl and enough water to make 2.14 liters of solution, what is the molarity of the student's salt solution?
Molarity of the solution with 6.72 g of NaCl dissolved in 2.14 liters is 0.051 mol per liter.
MolarityM stands for moles of solute per liter of solution.The source of the NaCl moles isMoles = grams of sodium chloride / molecular weight.NaCl has a 58.5 g molecular weight.Moles= 6.72/ 58.5A mole of NaCl equals 0.11 moles. the value in the molatity formula being substitutedNaCl molarity is equal to moles of NaCl per liter of solution.Molarity is 0.051 mol per liter.In terms of the amount of material per unit volume of solution, molar concentration is a measurement of the concentration of a chemical species, specifically a solute in a solution. The most frequent measure of molarity in chemistry is the number of moles per liter, denoted by the unit symbol mol/L or mol/dm3 in SI units.For more information on molarity kindly visit to
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1. Are chromosomes bigger or smaller than proteins?
2.How would you describe the sizes Proteins and chromosomes to a friend
Answer:by brig correct
Explanation:
what is the molarity of a solution that contains 6.71 moles of solute in 23.5 L of solution
M=6.71mol2L=2. 5mol/L. 23.5 m o l / L . Hence, the correct that is 2.5M is the molarity of a solution that contains 6.71 moles of solute in 23.5 L of solution
What is the solute's molality in the solution?A solution's molality (m) is defined as the moles of solute divided by the kilograms of solvent. A "one-molal" solution of sodium chloride is one that comprises 1.0mol of NaCl dissolved in 1.0kg of water. Molality is represented by an italicized lower-case m.
A solution's molality equals the moles of solute divided by the mass of solvent in kilograms, whereas its molarity equals the moles of solute divided by the volume of solution in liters.
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The following equation represents a laboratory preparation for oxygen gas: 2KClO3 (s) —------> 2KCl (s) + 3O2 (g)
If 4 moles of oxygen are produced how many moles of potassium chloride are produced?
Answer: 2.67 moles KCl.
Explanation:
4 moles O2 X 2 moles KCl / 3 moles O2 =2.67
The ozone hole over ________ is created in the ________ where there is more ________.
The ozone hole over Antarctica is created in the spring where there are more polar stratospheric clouds.
What is an ozone hole and how is it caused?
The ozone hole refers to a thinning of the protective layer of ozone in the Earth's stratosphere, which can lead to increased levels of harmful ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth's surface. Ozone depletion is caused by the release of man-made chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which are commonly used in refrigerants, air conditioners, and aerosol sprays. When CFCs are released into the atmosphere, they rise into the stratosphere, where they are broken down by the sun's ultraviolet radiation. This process releases chlorine and other chemicals, which can react with ozone molecules, breaking them apart and depleting the ozone layer.
The ozone hole over Antarctica is created in the spring (August to October) where there are more polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) formed due to extremely cold temperatures. These clouds provide a surface for chemical reactions involving human-made chlorine and bromine gases, which destroy ozone molecules in the stratosphere.
Therefore, The ozone hole over Antarctica is created in the spring where there are more polar stratospheric clouds.
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Indicate whether the compound is binary ionic (BI), binary covalent (BC), multivalent (MM) or acid (A). Then name the compound.
The compound is an acid
Why is H2SO4 and acid?
H2SO4, or sulfuric acid, is an acid because it donates protons (H+ ions) in aqueous solution. When H2SO4 is dissolved in water, it dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and sulfate ions (SO4 2-).
The hydrogen ions are the source of the acidity in the solution, as they can react with water molecules to form hydronium ions (H3O+). The hydronium ions are responsible for the characteristic sour taste and corrosive properties of acids.
Sulfuric acid is used in a wide range of industrial processes, including the production of fertilizers, detergents, and chemicals.
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Find the number of moles in 450 grams of copper (Cu)
Answer:
7.08 moles
Explanation:
To find the number of moles of copper in 450 grams, we need to divide the given mass by the molar mass of copper.
The molar mass of copper can be found on the periodic table, and it is approximately 63.55 grams per mole.
So, the number of moles of copper in 450 grams is:
450 grams / 63.55 grams per mole = 7.08 moles
4. Plant cells have large, round vacuoles they primarily use for-
Plant cells have large, round vacuoles they primarily use for water storage so that will be option A.
A vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle found in plant, fungus, and animal cells, as well as certain protist, animal, and bacterial cells. Vacuoles are simply confined compartments filled with water holding inorganic and organic molecules in solution, including enzymes, while in certain situations they may also include solids that have been absorbed.
Vacuoles are generated by the fusing of several membrane vesicles and are just bigger versions of these. The organelle has no fixed form or size; its structure changes depending on the needs of the cell.
The role and relevance of vacuoles vary substantially depending on the kind of cell in which they are found, with plants, fungi, and some protists having far more prominence than animals and bacteria. In general, the vacuole performs the following functions:
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Complete question:
Plant cells have large, round vacuoles they primarily use for -
A) water storage
B) energy production.
C) protein synthesis.
D) waster removal
islare a component of food that your body requires large amounts of to support your survival.
If Jake have type 1 diabetes then he needs insulin cells because his body cannot make insulin protein.
What is diabetes?
Diabetes is a chronic, metabolic disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose (or blood sugar), which leads over time to serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves.
The most common diabetes symptoms experienced by many people with diabetes are increased thirst, increased urination, feeling tired and losing weight. In Type 1 diabetes, body cannot make insulin whereas in type 2 diabetes, body can make insulin but can't use it properly.
Therefore, if Jake have type 1 diabetes then he needs insulin cells because his body cannot make insulin protein.
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In a laboratory 24 grams of propane (C3H8) is combusted in a sealed container with 55 grams of oxygen. 19.65 mL of water is collected. What is the percent yield for this reaction?
***you must write a balanced equation first
****density of water is 1g/1mL
PLEASE HELP
Answer:
25.0 grams of propane (C3H8) reacts with 25.0 grams of oxygen according to the following equation: C3H8 (g) + 5O2 (g) arrow 3CO2 (g) +...
Explanation:
How would you name this?
*Grade 12 organic chemistry*
According to IUPAC nomenclature, the longest chain of this compound contains 7 carbons. Hence, the name of this compound is 4 -propyl-5-ethyl-5-phenyl heptane.
What is IUPAC nomenclature?IUPAC rules are used to name the organic compounds. As per this rule, the compound is named based on the chain containing highest number of carbon atoms. The substituents are named with their prefix or suffix.
For the given compound, the longest chain contains 7 carbon atoms. Hence, the chain is named as heptane. The substituents are numbered in such a way that, they have the least possible number.
The 4th carbon contains a propyl group and a phenyl group and ethyl groups are attached on the 5th position in the longest chain. Therefore, the name of the compound is 4 -propyl-5-ethyl-5-phenyl heptane.
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What type of chemical reaction is ammonia + oxygen -> nitric acid + water?
The type of chemical reaction of ammonia + oxygen -> nitric acid + water is a combustion reaction.
What is the chemical reaction?The chemical reaction between ammonia (NH₃) and oxygen (O₂) to form nitric acid (HNO₃) and water (H₂O) is an oxidation-reduction reaction, specifically a combustion reaction.
The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:
4NH₃ + 5O₂ → 4NO + 6H₂O
followed by the oxidation of NO to form NO₂ and then the formation of nitric acid by the reaction of NO₂ with water:
2NO + O₂ → 2NO₂
3NO₂ + H₂O → 2HNO₃ + NO
So, while the overall reaction involves oxidation and reduction, the formation of nitric acid involves an acid-base reaction.
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Sometimes during PCR, the forward and reverse primers stick to each other forming a 'primer-dimer" which is then copied in subsequent cycles and may appear as an extra band on your gel. Is primer-dimer
more or less likely to happen in a PCR reaction that uses long primers? Why?
Optimizing the PCR annealing temperature and MgCl2 concentration can also help minimize primer-dimer formation.
What is PCR?
PCR stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction, which is a laboratory technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences. PCR enables the amplification of a small amount of DNA into millions or billions of copies, allowing researchers to study DNA samples even when only a small amount of starting material is available.
PCR works by using a heat-stable DNA polymerase enzyme to copy a targeted DNA sequence in a series of repeated cycles of heating and cooling. The process involves three main steps: denaturation, annealing, and extension.
Primer-dimer formation is more likely to occur in a PCR reaction that uses long primers.
Longer primers have a higher likelihood of binding to each other through complementary base pairing, forming a primer-dimer. This can occur when the primers anneal to each other rather than to the template DNA. The resulting primer-dimer complex can then be extended by the DNA polymerase during subsequent PCR cycles, leading to the amplification of an unintended product that appears as a smaller band on the gel.
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Please someone explain me this
1 and 2 are oxidation reactions.
What is an oxidation reaction?
An oxidation reaction is a type of chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons from one substance to another. Oxidation reactions are characterized by an increase in the oxidation state of a molecule, atom, or ion, resulting in a loss of electrons.
The substance that loses electrons is said to be oxidized, while the substance that gains electrons is said to be reduced.
Oxidation reactions play important roles in many chemical and biological processes, including energy production, metabolism, and corrosion.
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A sample of butane gas, C4H10, was collected over water at 28.0 °C and 754.4 torr. The wet gas volume is 1.00 L. What will be the volume of dry butane at 824.1 torr and 55.9 °C?
At 824.1 torr + 55.9°C, dry butane has a of 0.937 L. The basic formula for size is length, breadth, and height, as volume opposed to length, width, and height for the surface of a rectangular shape.
What volume do you refer to?Any three-dimensional solid's volume is the area it takes up. The shapes of these solids include cubes, cuboids, cones, cylinders, and spheres. Forms come in a wide range of volumes.
There are three methods for measuring volume.Volumes will be calculated using three different techniques: geometrically (measured lengths); water displace; and pycnometry, to demonstrate the effects of precision on data.
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Answer the following questions thoroughly.
1. The atmosphere is composed of four different layers: the troposphere, the
stratosphere, the mesosphere, and the thermosphere. (12 points)
A. What are the temperatures (cold, warm, or hot) found in each layer of the
atmosphere? (8 points)
B. Where is the ozone layer and what is its function? (2 points)
C. Where is the ionosphere and what is its function? (2 points)
1) The troposphere is cool while the stratosphere, mesosphere and the thermosphere are hot.
2) The ozone layer is in the stratosphere
3) The ionosphere is in the thermosphere.
What are the layers of the atmosphere?This is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, extending from the Earth's surface up to about 7-20 kilometers (4-12 miles) depending on the location. This is where weather occurs, and it is where we live and breathe. Temperature decreases with height in the troposphere.
The thermosphere is the fourth layer of the atmosphere, extending from about 85-600 kilometers (53-373 miles) above the Earth's surface. This layer is characterized by high temperatures due to absorption of solar radiation, and it is also where the auroras occur.
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Halley's comet takes 5 years to complete an orbit
The given statement is false . Halley's comet takes 5 years to complete an orbit.
A comet that shines especially brightly is a superb comet. Big comets typically arrive once every ten years, at random, erratic periods.
This translates to a circumference of the solar orbit of around 7.6 billion miles. The gravitational pull of the planets causes the period to change from appearance to appearance.
Because Halley was the first comet to show astronomers that comets might return to our night skies repeatedly, it is frequently referred to as the most famous comet. The comet's appearances have now been connected by astronomers to observations made more than 2,000 years ago.
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The complete question is
Halley's comet takes 5 years to complete an orbit. true or false.
PLEASE HELP
You perform an electrolysis of NaCl and collect one of the products in a test tube. You realize later you did not label the test tube. You dip a strip of pH paper into the test tube and get no reaction. You dip a dry strip of damp pH paper into the tube and it turns white. You hold a lit match near the mouth of the test tube and get no reaction. Which product is in the test tube?
A. Oxygen gas
B. Hydrogen gas
C. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
D. Chlorine gas
Answer:
Answer = 'A' => Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
Explanation:
Aqueous electrolysis of salt solutions finds the salt ions in competition with electrolysis of water at the respective electrodes. That is, water can undergo reduction at the cathode as can the cation of the salt; while at the anode water can undergo oxidation as can the anion of the salt. The competing reactions are as follows:
Cathode:
Cation + electrons => Reduced form of metal in Basic Standard State
H₂O(l) + 2e⁻ ⇄ 2OH⁻(aq) + H₂(g)
Anode:
Anion ⇄ Basic Standard State element + electrons
2H₂O(l) ⇄ O₂(g) + 4H⁺(aq) + 4e⁻
Na⁺ + e⁻ => Na⁰(s); εo = -2.71v
2H₂O(l) + 2e⁻ ⇄ 2OH⁻(aq) + H₂(g); εo = -0.83v (Dominant Rxn at cathode – more positive value)
At the Anode:
Cl⁻(aq) => Cl₂(g) + 2e⁻; εo = 1.36v
2H₂O(l) => O₂(g) + 4H⁺ + 4e⁻; εo = 1.23v (Dominant Rxn at anode – more positive value)
Since the more dominant reaction at the cathode produces hydroxide ions, the solution would become alkaline with Na⁺ ions already present. NaOH will effect the change in color of red litmus to blue. The gases produced in the half-reactions would have evaporated and not be present for flame test.
The distinction can be determined by comparing the 'Standard Reduction Potentials' of the half-reactions. At the cathode (site of reduction), the more positive electrode potential will dominate while at the anode (site of oxidation) the more negative electrode potential will dominate.
For NaCl(s) => Na⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) finds the ions in competition with the oxidation and reduction reactions of water.
At the Cathode:
Two hockey players attempt to move the puck at rest. Each player applies a 10 N force on either side of the puck.
What is the resulting motion of the puck?
The puck will move in the direction of the heaviest player.
The puck will move away from the heaviest player.
The puck will not move because equal forces are acting on it.
The puck will not move due to gravity.
As a result of friction, kinetic energy is converted into thermal energy, which lowers velocity as a byproduct.
Describe a motion example.Motion is a characteristic of moving objects. Our daily lives involve a lot of motion, a phenomenon. For instance, the vehicle you are currently in moves, as does the universe, the planet, the air we breathe, the blood in our veins, and a host of other things.
Motion changes in what ways?The total force acting on an item determines its motion; if that total force is not zero, the object will move in a different direction. More mass means the object is heavier.
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2. math! At 3 P.M., a dry-bulb thermometer
reading is 66°F. The wet-bulb reading is 66°F.
What is the relative humidity? Explain.
Answer:
In order to determine the relative humidity from dry-bulb and wet-bulb thermometer readings, we need to use a psychrometric chart or a calculation based on the difference between the two temperatures.
In this case, the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature are the same (66°F). This indicates that the air is fully saturated with water vapor, meaning that the relative humidity is 100%.
When the dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures are the same, the air is said to be at its dew point temperature. At this temperature, the air is holding as much moisture as it can, and any additional cooling will cause condensation to occur. This is why surfaces can become covered in dew when the temperature drops at night.
In summary, when the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature are the same, the air is fully saturated with water vapor and the relative humidity is 100%.
Classify the minerals into the different types of silicates.
a. Pyrope.
b. Tourmaline.
c. Actinolite.
d. Zoisite.
e. Enstatite.
f. Natrolite.
g. Talc.
Answer:
Silicate minerals are the most common of Earth's minerals and include quartz, feldspar, mica, amphibole, pyroxene, and olivine. Silica tetrahedra made up of silicon and oxygen, form chains, sheets, and frameworks, and bond with other cations to form silicate minerals.
Explanation:n
What is the correct answer please help me
Chemical bonds involve the interaction between nuclei and electrons. Option D.
Chemical bondsChemical bonds are formed through the interaction between atoms, where electrons in the outermost energy level (valence electrons) are shared, gained or lost between atoms.
This results in the formation of a more stable compound. In these interactions, the positively charged nucleus of each atom attracts the negatively charged electrons of the other atom, creating a bond.
The strength of the bond is determined by the distance between the nuclei and the number of electrons shared between them.
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