In regard to the E2 mechanism, rank the leaving groups in order of increasing reaction rate.
Slowest
Fastest
R-F R-I R-Cl R-Br

Answer:

Explanation:

Would you expect metals to have high ionization energies or low ionization energies? Support your answer by relating ionization energy to the formulation of ions.

By natural process, elements individually gain or lose electrons by the path of least resistance to form an element with a Noble Gas electron configuration. That is, elements containing less than 4 electrons (Groups IA through Groups IIIA and include the Transition Elements) tend to lose electrons and become positive cations. Elements containing 4 or more valence electrons generally tend to gain electrons forming negative anions. In general, the elements forming cations are collectively ‘The Metal Elements’ and the elements forming anions are collectively ‘The Nonmetal Elements’.  

The chart following the explanation text shows metals in blue, metalloids in green and nonmetals in yellow. In general, metals tend to lose electrons, nonmetals tend to gain electrons and metalloids sometimes gain and sometimes lose depending upon the compound of interest.  

(see chart at end of explanation)*

Trends in ionization energy depend upon three factors, 1. Atomic and Ionic Radii, 2. The amount of energy needed (gain/endothermic process) to remove electrons from the element’s electronic structure and 3. ‘Electron Affinity’ an energy term describing the amount of energy lost (exothermic process) when an electron is added into the valence shell of an element.  

Atomic and Ionic radii of metals tend to decrease with increasing atomic number. That is, in a given series the 1st element would have the largest atomic and ionic radii and sequentially decrease through the smaller radii as atomic number increases. In order of increasing atomic number the following 1st ionization energies (removal of 1st electron) are known for the listed metallic elements of series 2 of the periodic table:

Li + 520Kj/mole => Li⁺ + eˉ (valence electron is farther away from nucleus than the next two elements in series.)

Be + 900Kj/mole => Be⁺ + eˉ  (electronic orbital structure is more stable for the 1st 2eˉs)

B + 801Kj/mole => B⁺ + eˉ (electron orbital structure is less stable (easier to remove) for 3rd electron requiring a lower ΔEᵢ.)

In the series, the elements are increasing in proton and electron number resulting in smaller radii and stronger attractive electrostatic forces (stronger bond) between the nucleus and electron cloud. Relating this trend to the 1st ionization energy values shown above, the larger radii requires lower ionization energies as the valence electron is farther from the nucleus with a weaker bond than subsequent elements in the same series.  

In a more fundamental context, consider Lithium (Li) with its 1 valence electron. By path of least resistance concept (see 1st sentence), would it be more reasonable for lithium to gain 7 electrons to achieve a Noble Gas configuration (i.e., Ne) or lose 1 electron to achieve the Noble Gas configuration (i.e., He)? By natural path of least resistance, Li would tend to lose its one valence electron forming the cation Li⁺. Of course, with a little thought, gaining 7 electrons would be improbable as lithium has only 3 protons (+); certainly not enough attractive force to hold 8 electrons (1e⁻ + 7e⁻ gained).

Answer:

225 mL of water must be added.

Explanation:

First we calculate how many HCl moles are there in 516 mL of a 0.191 M solution:

Now we use that number of moles (that remain constant during the dilution process) to calculate the final volume of the 0.133 M solution:

We can calculate the volume of water required from the volume difference:

The rate constant of the reaction is 0.56 M⁻¹s⁻¹. The time required to change the concentration of the reactant from 0.900 to 0.100 M is 15.87s.

The half-life of a reaction can be defined as the time needed for a reactant to reach one-half of its initial concentration. For a 1st-order reaction, the half-life is independent of concentration and constant with time.

The half-life period of the second-order reaction can be written as:

[tex]\displaystyle t_{1/2} =\frac{1}{k[A]_o}[/tex]

Given the half-life of the reaction = 2.00 s

The initial concentration of [NOBr]₀ = 0.900 M

The rate constant of the reaction, k = 1/2 ×0.900 = 0.56 M⁻¹s⁻¹

The time required to change concentration from 0.900 to 0.100 M is:

[tex]\displaystyle kt =\frac{1}{[A]} -\frac{1}{[A]_o}[/tex]

0.56 ×t = 1/0.1 -1/0.9

t = 15.87 s

Learn more about half-life period, here:

https://brainly.com/question/1851154

#SPJ1

Answer:46 moles of carbon dioxide and 12 moles of ethane.

Explanation:

46 moles of carbon dioxide and 12 moles of ethane.

A non-flammable, colorless gas, carbon dioxide is. While being far less common in the atmosphere than nitrogen and oxygen, carbon dioxide plays a crucial influence in determining the composition of the air on our planet.

Carbon dioxide, a colourless gas having a faint sharp odour and a sour taste. It is one of the most important greenhouse gases linked to global warming, but it is a minor component of Earth’s atmosphere .

It is formed in combustion of carbon-containing materials, in fermentation, and in respiration of animals and employed by plants in the photosynthesis of carbohydrates.

Therefore, 46 moles of carbon dioxide and 12 moles of ethane.

To learn more about carbon dioxide, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/3049557

#SPJ1

Answer:

1.17 atm

Explanation:

Calculation to determine the total pressure inside the container (in atm)

Using this formula

Total pressure = Partial pressure 1 + Partial pressure 2

Where,

Partial pressure 1=0.53 atm

Partial pressure 2=0.639 atm

Let plug in the formula

Total pressure = 0.53 atm + 0.639 atm

Total pressure = 1.17 atm

Therefore the total pressure inside the container (in atm) is 1.17 atm

The transfer of energy doe not always affect the appearance of the lake because it can attain a form that is quite similar to the other. It can be because of conduction, convection, and radiation.

Heat transference can be described as a natural phenomenon that can be caused by conduction, convection, or radiation.

Convection can be defined as the transfer of energy in a given fluid such as, in this case, water. The energy transfer is due to particular molecular motion, energy is transferred by bulk, or macroscopic, the motion of the fluid.

Radiation can be defined as heat transfer through space due to electromagnetic radiation. Conduction can be defined as the transfer of energy between molecules due to direct contact.

Learn more about heat transfer, here:

brainly.com/question/16084179

#SPJ1

The remaining mass of hydrogen that is present in the reaction is 0.20 grams.

The balanced chemical reaction can be depicted as follows:

2H2+O2---->2H2O

1 mole of Oxygen reacts with 2 moles of Hydrogen in order to produce two moles of water i.e., H2O.

0.15 moles of O2  reacts with 2 * 0.15 = 0.30 moles of H2

The moles of H2 are given i.e., 0.40 moles.

So remaining = 0.40 moles - 0.30 moles = 0.10 moles

Thus, the mass of H2 can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles with the molar mass that is expressed as follows:

Mass = moles * molar mass

Molar mass of H2= 2 g/mol

Mass of H2 remained in the reaction = 0.10 moles * 2 g/mole = 0.20 grams.

To learn more about number of moles check the link below:

https://brainly.com/question/28037816

#SPJ4

Answer:

U could use the formula

Explanation:

To calculate the number of atoms in a sample, divide its weight in grams by the amu atomic mass from the periodic table, then multiply the result by Avogadro's number: 6.02 x 10^23

Answer:

4g of hydrogen

Explanation:

4g of hydrogen (molar mass 2) corresponds to 2 moles of molecules or 4N number of atoms where N is the Avogadro's number (6.023×10

23)

Answer:

GOT YOU

Explanation:

Jotun (pollinator)

Norse(decomposer)

Its a point and click adventure game. Where you only have specific actions you can do with your mouse. The basic options are Inspect for notes or Pollinate pollinate the right plants to escape. Your goal and how to win is go through each level picking up the plants to pollinate leave the level. The only way to lose is if you are unable to find the right plants by a set amount of time. The story is your wife has been taken prisoner by Norse and you are alerted by this from a note. You go to a location and find a tower once you walk in the doors shut behind you and a screen appears saying "Get out of the room and to the top of the tower in an hour or she dies. Jotun escapes and gets to the top of the tower to find out his wife died long ago and Norse has been using her for food.

Answer:

no it is not a complete model

Inside the metric system, length as well as distance were two of the most significant metrics. Measurement of length and distance can be done in a variety of ways.

Using a metre stick is among the most popular methods for gauging these amounts.

A meterstick, meterstick, nor yardstick consists of either a straightedge as well as foldable ruler was using to measure length, and therefore is notably common inside the construction business. They frequently consist of wood as well as plastic, and their joints frequently consist of plastic as well as metal to allow for folding.

A metre stick is a highly helpful tool in science that is exactly one metre long. A metre stick can be used to gauge items and distances that are both less than as well as longer than one metre.

To know more about metre stick

https://brainly.com/question/13399673

#SPJ4

The pH of the final solution will be less than 7, but closer to 7 if the initial concentration of sodium acetate is high and the concentration of HCl is low.

The pH of a solution after a reaction with a strong acid like HCl will depend on the concentration of the acid and the concentration of the acetate ions (CH3COO-) in the sodium acetate solution. Sodium acetate (CH3COONa) is a weak base, and when it reacts with HCl, it forms acetic acid (CH3COOH) and sodium chloride (NaCl). The equation for this reaction is: CH3COONa + HCl → CH3COOH + NaClThe pH of a solution is a measure of the concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+) in the solution, so the pH of the solution after the reaction will depend on the concentration of H3O+ ions and the concentration of acetate ions. If the reaction is done in aqueous solution, the acetic acid formed will dissociate to form H3O+ and acetate ions. The acetate ions will neutralize some of the H3O+ ions, thus decreasing the overall acidity of the solution. The pH of the final solution will be less than 7, but closer to 7 if the initial concentration of sodium acetate is high and the concentration of HCl is low. It's important to note that without knowing the initial concentration of sodium acetate and the volume of the solutions it is not possible to determine the final pH.

Learn more about strong acid here:

https://brainly.com/question/12811944

#SPJ4

The  E0cell for the halfcell that we have in the question is 3.73 V.

We have to know that the cell potential as we know it has to do with the electrical potential that is involved when we have the oxidation or the reduction of a given specie. In the case of what we have here, we have the cells that are composed of magnesium and chlorine and we want to find the electrode potential of the cells.

We must note that the basis that we can be able to use to find the electrode potential of the cell is the standard hydrogen electrode which has been assigned the value of about 0.00 V and all of the other cell potentials that we have can now be measured against this standard that has been fixed.

We have;

Magnesium half cell= -2.37 V

Chlorine half cell = + 1.36 V

Then we have;

E0cell = + 1.36 - (-2.37)

= 3.73 V

Learn more about cell potential:https://brainly.com/question/1313684

#SPJ1

Answer:

6 min 40 sec

Explanation:

Hope this helps you :)

The difference between the arrival time of the first P-wave and the arrival time of the first S-wave recorded at the station will be 6 minutes 40 seconds.

P waves move the fastest and arrive first from the earthquake. Rock oscillates perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation in S or shear waves.

In rock, S waves move at approximately 60% the speed of P waves, and the S wave always comes after the P wave. Sound waves, for example, are P waves with a high enough frequency to be heard with your ear.

Wiggling or shaking a rope that is tied down at one or both ends is an example of a S wave.

Both P and S waves propagate outward from an earthquake focal point within the ground.

The waves are frequently observed as independent arrivals on seismographs located at great distances from the earthquake. The direct P wave arrives first because its course takes it through faster moving, denser rocks deeper in the ground.

Because they pass through deeper, lower velocity rocks, the PP (one bounce) and PPP (two bounces) waves move more slowly than the straight P. After the P waves, the various S waves arrive.

To conclude with we can say that Seismic waves or body waves are elastic waves created when the earth's crust is disturbed. The wave is classified into two types  body waves and surface waves. The P and S - waves that move through the ground are body waves.

Learn more about Body waves here:

https://brainly.com/question/19468474

#SPJ2

A substance has 0. 0152088 moles per 10 grammes. One can use the equation grams = weight / molar mass to determine this. The volume of one mole of a chemical is represented by its molar mass on the chemical elements.

You would take its weight (10g) and multiply it by the material's molar mass to determine the number of molecules within 10g of a substance. For instance, if the material is water, its molar mass is 18. 015 g/mol, meaning that 10 g is comparable to 0. 555 molecules of water.

However, the formula moles = mass / molar weight can be used to determine the number of moles in an unit weight regardless of the substance. Therefore, there are 0. 0152088 mole in 10

To know more about Weight click here

brainly.com/question/10069252

#SPJ4

Answer:

[tex]p_O=818.2torr[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello there!

In this case, according to the given equation, it is possible to calculate the mass of oxygen by using the Dalton's law, considering that the total pressure is 850 torr and the vapor pressure of water at 30°C is 31.8 torr:

[tex]P_T=p_O+p_{H_2O}[/tex]

Thus, we solve for the pressure of oxygen as follows:

[tex]p_O=P_T-p_{H_2O}\\\\p_O=850torr-31.8torr\\\\p_O=818.2torr[/tex]

Best regards!

The formula for standard deviation is: = (V1/C1) + (V2/C2) +... + (Vn/Cn).

Calculating the percent relative standard deviation (RSD) of the measurement will allow us to ascertain the degree of uncertainty in a standard solution created by pipetting 20 mL of a 0.2487 M (stock) solution.

The RSD is determined by multiplying the standard deviation by the mean and then by 100. The formula to determine the standard deviation is: = (V1/C1) + (V2/C2) +... + (Vn/Cn).

Where n is the number of measurements, C is the stock solution's concentration, and V is the volume of solution added.

We are unable to compute the RSD for the given information since you have not provided any information regarding the number of measurements taken.

To know more about relative standard deviation (RSD) visit: https://brainly.com/question/24499671

#SPJ4

The planes of cleavage that the mineral have is 1 as the mineral name is Muscovite mica.

The crystal lattice structure of a mineral affects its propensity to split or break along flat planar faces, or cleavage. These 2D surfaces, also known as cleavage planes, are produced by the alignment of atoms in the crystal structure or lattice through relatively weak connections.

The mineral depicted in the image is called "Muscovite mica," and it has layers that seem like flat sheets. Muscovite mica is far more likely to break along the layers because it only has weakly bonded potassium ions. There is just one ideal cleavage plane as a result. This cleavage is evident in the capacity to peel mica sheets.

Learn more about cleavage

brainly.com/question/10924382

#SPJ4

Answer:

Mg + Hso4 - Mgso4 + H

24g of magnesium- 120g of Mgso4

Xg. - 6g of Mgso4

Cross multiply

120x - 144

x = 144/120

x= 1.2g

We need to take 5ul of stock solution and add it to 5ul of diluent to achieve a final concentration of 100ug/L.

To solve this problem, you will need to create a stock solution of the chemical substance and then dilute it to the desired concentrations. Here's one way you could approach it:

Create a stock solution by dissolving the 5mg of powder in a solvent with a 2g/L solubility. We know that the solubility of the substance is 2g/L, so we can use the formula:

Stock solution concentration = (mass of substance) / (volume of solvent)

In this case, the mass of the substance is 5mg and the volume of solvent is 1L. So, the stock solution concentration is:

5mg / (1L) = 5mg/L

Dilute the stock solution to the desired concentration for the first dose of 10ug/L. To do this, we can use the formula:

Desired concentration = (volume of stock solution) / (volume of diluent)

In this case, we want a final concentration of 10ug/L, so we'll let the volume of stock solution be x and the volume of diluent be (5ul-x). Then we can set up the equation:

10ug/L = (x) / (5ul-x)

Solving this equation:

x = 0.5ul

Therefore, we need to take 0.5ul of stock solution and add it to 5ul of diluent to achieve a final concentration of 10ug/L

Dilute the stock solution to the desired concentration for the second dose of 100ug/L. Using the same formula as before:

Desired concentration = (volume of stock solution) / (volume of diluent)

In this case, we want a final concentration of 100ug/L, so we'll let the volume of stock solution be y and the volume of diluent be (10ul-y). Then we can set up the equation:

100ug/L = (y) / (10ul-y)

Solving this equation:

y = 5ul

Therefore, we need to take 5ul of stock solution and add it to 5ul of diluent to achieve a final concentration of 100ug/L

So, you can create a stock solution by dissolving 5mg of powder in a solvent with 2g/L solubility and obtain a stock solution of 5mg/L. With this stock solution, you can create two dilutions, the first one is 10ug/L by adding 0.5ul of stock solution to 5ul of diluent, and the second one is 100ug/L by adding 5ul of stock solution to 5ul of diluent.

Learn more about stock solution in brainly.com/question/25256765

#SPJ1

The vinegar also caused the egg white to become more acidic, making it easier to separate from the yolk. Additionally, the vinegar helped preserve the egg by preventing bacteria from growing on the eggshell.

Bacteria are microscopic organisms that exist virtually everywhere in nature. They range in size from 0.2 to 0.8 micrometers and can be found in soil, water, air, and even inside other organisms. Bacteria can reproduce rapidly, and some species can form biofilms that make them resistant to antibiotics. Bacteria can have beneficial roles in food production, soil fertility, and human and animal health. They can also cause diseases, such as cholera, meningitis, and tuberculosis. Bacteria are able to adapt quickly to changing environments and can become resistant to antibiotics.

To learn more about bacteria
https://brainly.com/question/28683092
#SPJ4

Answer:

did you mean to add or attach a paper to this? We need more info to help

Explanation:

Answer:Mars, earth, Uranus and Jupiter

Explanation:

Answer:

A precipitate is formed as a result of a double displacement reaction. Explanation: When two substances (can be aqueous or liquids) in solution ...

If a researcher wanted to the temporarily denature a protein but wanted to be sure it would refold, the method or the substances would be most appropriate is the urea.

The denature is defined as the process of the modification of the molecular structure of the protein. In this method it involves the breaking of the many weak linkage or the bonds in the protein molecules. It is responsible for highly ordered of the structure of the protein in the natural of state.

Thus, the urea is the appropriate substances , if the researcher wanted to the  temporary denature the proteins.

To learn more about denature here

https://brainly.com/question/14580687

#SPJ4

Answer: Filterability Test

Explanation: This involves filtering the liquid through a filter paper to see if the particles pass through or are retained on the paper. If the particles pass through, the liquid is likely a solution. If the particles are retained, the liquid is likely a colloid. The technical name for this test is the separation test.

Answer:

One way to determine whether a transparent liquid is a solution or a colloid is to use the Tyndall effect. The Tyndall effect, also known as the Tyndall scattering, is a phenomenon that occurs when a beam of light passes through a colloidal system (a mixture in which one substance is dispersed evenly throughout another). When this happens, the light is scattered by the particles in the colloidal mixture, causing the mixture to appear hazy or cloudy. In contrast, if the transparent liquid is a true solution (one in which the solute is completely dissolved in the solvent), the light will pass through it without being scattered, and the solution will appear clear.

To perform the Tyndall effect test, you would need a light source (such as a flashlight or a laser pointer) and a dark room or area. Place the transparent liquid in a clear container, and shine the light through it. If the light is scattered by the particles in the mixture, it will be visible as a bright beam or spot on the opposite side of the container. If the light passes through the mixture without being scattered, it will appear as a continuous, unbroken beam.

There are other tests that can be used to distinguish between solutions and colloids, such as the filterability test and the centrifugation test. However, the Tyndall effect test is one of the most straightforward and reliable methods for making this distinction.

Explanation:

Glycolysis during fermentation only yields two ATP each glucose molecule, which is significantly less ATP than is produced during respiration.

A collection of more than two atoms joined by chemical bonds is referred to as a molecule. The compound is a mixture made up of two or more distinct kinds of elements that are chemically combined in a predetermined ratio. Not every molecule is a compound. Molecules make up all chemicals.

According to the context, it term might or might not include ions that meet this requirement. A molecule is a collection of atoms that are held together by the attractive forces called as chemical bonds.

To know more about molecule visit:

https://brainly.com/question/19556990

#SPJ4

The six physical properties associated with hazard recognition of hazardous materials/chemicals are Flammability, Reactivity, Toxicity, Corrosivity, Physical hazards, Health hazards are explained below with details.

1. Flammability: The ability of a material to catch fire and burn easily.

2. Reactivity: The ability of a material to chemically react with other materials, including the potential for explosions or release of toxic gases.

3. Toxicity: The ability of a material to cause harm or death when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin.

4. Corrosivity: The ability of a material to eat away at or damage other materials, including metals and human tissue.

5. Physical hazards: The potential of a material to cause harm through physical means, such as pressure, impact, or friction.

6. Health hazards: The potential of a material to cause harm to human health, including acute and chronic effects.

These are the six physical properties associated with hazard recognition of hazardous material.

To know more about physical properties please refer: https://brainly.com/question/1935242

#SPJ4