The formula for deriving the combined ratio is {(Sum of the loss ratio + General expenses + broker's commissions) / Total premiums written].
In insurance, the combined ratio is used to measure the profitability of an insurance company in terms of its daily underwriting business.
The formula for deriving the combined ratio is {(Sum of the loss ratio + General expenses + broker's commissions) / Total premiums written]In conclusion, the combined ratio helps to evaluate the insurance company's profitability and financial health through measurement of its day-to-day performance.
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Discussion Questions
If someone owes you money, and that person or business goes into bankruptcy, why
would it make a difference if you were a secured or unsecured creditor?
>
o First define secured and unsecured creditor then explain.
A ____________ contract is an agreement that is not a contract at all because it lacks one or more of the legal elements required to form a contract.
Answer:
void
Explanation:
A break-even analysis includes operating expenses and total monthly debt payments,
plus
school costs.
O gross profit margin.
Ihr
net profit margin.
zero term margin.
Answer:
Gross profit margin.
Explanation:
Break-Even Analysis enables a business to know how much cash it has under given situations by helping it know how much sales it needs in order to have a certain amount of cash.
It is calculated by the formula;
(Operating Expenses + Annual Debt Service)/Gross Profit Margin = Break-Even Sales
Operating Expenses in this equation is net of Depreciation as depreciation is a non-cash expense.
Bonds Issued at a Discount (Effective Interest) Crafty Corporation received $472,088 of cash upon issuance of 500, $100 par value bonds. Each bond has a stated rate of 5% and will mature on December 31, 2030, 7 years after the issuance of the bonds. Interest is paid annually on December 31. The market rate of interest is 6%. Required: Prepare the journal entry for December 31, 2026. If an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank. When required, round amounts to the nearest whole dollar. 2026 Dec. 31 Interest Expense Interest Expense Interest Expense Discount on Bonds Payable Discount on Bonds Payable Discount on Bonds Payable Cash Cash Cash Prepare the journal entry for December 31, 2027. If an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank. When required, round amounts to the nearest whole dollar. 2027 Dec. 31 Interest Expense Interest Expense Interest Expense Discount on Bonds Payable Discount on Bonds Payable Discount on Bonds Payable Cash Cash Cash
The Crafty Corporation will record the following Journal Entries:
1. Dec. 31, 2026:
Debit Interest Expense $28,325
Credit Discount amortization $3,325
Credit Cash $25,000
To record the first interest payment and amortization of discount.
2. Dec. 31, 2027:
Debit Interest Expense $28,525
Credit Discount amortization $3,525
Credit Cash $25,000
To record the second interest payment and amortization of discount.
Data and Calculations:
Cash proceeds from bonds issuance = $472,088
Face value of bonds = $500,000
Discounts on bonds = $27,912 ($500,000 - $472,088)
Coupon interest rate = 5%
Market interest rate = 6%
Maturity period = 7 years
December 31, 2026:
Interest expense = $28,325 ($472,088 x 6%)
Cash paid = $25,000
Discount amortization = $3,325 ($28,325 - $25,000)
Bond's value = $475,413 ($472,088 + $3,325)
December 31, 2027:
Interest expense = $28,525 ($475,413 x 6%)
Cash paid = $25,000
Discount amortization = $3,525 ($28,525 - $25,000)
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Fireplace Service company provides fireplace cleaning services and has variable costs of $100 per fireplace cleaning and revenue of $250. Their contribution margin is $_____.
Based on the cleaning and revenue costs, we can calculate that the contribution margin is $150
The contribution margin refers to the amount left from revenue after variable costs are removed.
Contribution margin = Revenue - Variable costs
The contribution margin here is therefore:
= 250 - 100
= $150
In conclusion, the contribution margin is $150.
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Minor Corporation purchases 5,000 shares of its $4 par common stock at $7 per share and also has an outstanding loan of $100,000.
Under the provisions of the contract of the loan, Minor is required to maintain 25% of the balance of the loan in retained earnings at
all times. What is the current minimum retained earnings restriction for the company?
O $40,000
O $45,000
O $60,000
O $0
The current minimum retained earnings restriction for the company is $60,000
Restriction of retained earnings for Loan = Outstanding loan * % of maintained balance
Restriction of retained earnings for Loan = $100,000 * 25%
Restriction of retained earnings for Loan = $25,000
Restriction of retained earnings for treasury Stock = Purchased shares * $7 per share
Restriction of retained earnings for treasury Stock = 5000 shares * $7
Restriction of retained earnings for treasury Stock = $35,000
Current Minimum retained earnings restriction = Restriction of retained earnings for Loan + Restriction of retained earnings for treasury Stock
Current Minimum retained earnings restriction = $25,000 + $35,000
Current Minimum retained earnings restriction = $60,000
Therefore, the Option C is correct because current minimum retained earnings restriction for the company is $60,000
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A jeans maker is designing a new line of jeans. These jeans will sell for $410 per unit and cost $328 per unit in variable costs to make. Fixed costs total $120,000. The contribution margin ratio is:
Based on the fixed costs and the variable costs, the contribution margin ratio is 20%.
The Contribution margin is calculated as:
= Selling price - Variable costs
= 410 - 328
= $82
The Contribution margin ratio is:
= Contribution margin / Selling price
= 82 / 410 x 100%
= 20%
In conclusion, the contribution margin ratio is 20%.
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How can a bank help Millennial and Gen Z consumers plan to start a family?
A bank can help Millennial and Gen Z consumers to plan to start a family by:
Giving out mortgage loans to themAccording to the given question, we are asked to show the role a bank can play in helping Millennials and Gen Z generations to start their own family.
As a result of this, we can see that Millennials are people who are considered to be within the age bracket of 25-40, while Gen Z are people who are considered to have been born during the social media and internet age and are usually between the ages of 24 and below.
With this in mind, Millennials have likely started up their own family and the Gen Z are likely just coming out of college. Hence, a bank can help both generations to start up their family by giving them mortgage loans and other financial benefits.
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If Maverick Incorporated can reasonably estimate warranty costs as 2% of total monitor sales each year, what will the company need to do to account for the lifetime warranty in its financial statements
Answer:
Record it as a liability
Explanation:
If Maverick Incorporated can reasonably estimate warranty costs as 2% of total monitor sales each year, the company needs to record as per liability account for the lifetime warranty in its financial statements.
What is Liability?Accounts payable, wages and taxes are examples of current responsibilities, which are fully owed for continuing costs. Current obligations will also include costs on long-term debt due in the subsequent year.
Liabilities include things like -
a bank loan
a mortgage loan
Amount due to suppliers (accounts payable)
Settled wages
tax debt
Liabilities are listed on a corporation balance sheet. The entire number of liabilities must match the contrast between the total quantity of assets and the total quantity of equity, according to the accounting equation.
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Harris Corporation has $407 million in cash, and 116 million shares outstanding. Suppose the corporate tax rate is 32% and investors pay no taxes on dividends, capital gains, or interest income. Investors had expected Harris to pay out the $407 million through a share repurchase. Suppose instead that Harris announces it will permanently retain the cash, and use the interest on the cash to pay a regular dividend. If there are no other benefits of retaining the cash, how will Harris' stock price change upon this announcement?
Answer:
369
Explanation:
407x116=369
One year ago, your company purchased a machine used in manufacturing for . You have learned that a new machine is available that offers many advantages; you can purchase it for today. It will be depreciated on a straight-line basis over ten years, after which it has no salvage value. You expect that the new machine will contribute EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization) of per year for the next ten years. The current machine is expected to produce EBITDA of per year. The current machine is being depreciated on a straight-line basis over a useful life of 11 years, after which it will have no salvage value, so depreciation expense for the current machine is per year. All other expenses of the two machines are identical. The market value today of the current machine is . Your company's tax rate is , and the opportunity cost of capital for this type of equipment is . Is it profitable to replace the year-old machine?
Answer:
Yes it would be profitable to replace a year old machine.
Explanation:
its always best to buy new things to replace others.
old things usually dont work correctly and could be out of date.
buying something new can reduce that probability of not working correctly
Because so many customer balances consist of multiple invoices, what could the auditors do to eliminate unnecessary reconciliation
In order to eliminate unnecessary reconciliation the auditors could request to send empty letter spaces to the customers.
Then the auditor should make the request of asking these customers that they should write out their balances in these letters.
The reason why the auditor has to do this is to check if they are correct or if they are not.
The account receivable has to be sent by this firm in order to determine if the customers have same amount of balance.
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What might Sony and the U.S. government done differently to discourage future such attacks on other U.S. organizations
There are different things Sony and the U.S. government might do differently to discourage future attacks on other U.S. organizations. Some of the things to do include "carrying out situational awareness of the networks."
Other things they might need to do includes the following:
Training and educating their personnel.Sony and U.S. government need to cooperate on cyber security.Identify and share cyber information relating to threats and attacks among companies and international organizations.There should be legislation to safeguard the stakeholders involved in protecting cyberspace from violating privacy and civil liberties when conducting their work.Hence, in this case, it is concluded that there are various credible means Sony and the U.S. government might discourage future attacks.
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Mention five (5) reasons why some business plan fail
Answer:
any five reasons why business fail are :
due to low investment or budget
due to lack of demand of customers
due to lack of knowledge of that business
Sullivan Equipment Sales showed the following.
2020
Jan. 15 Sold $25,200 of merchandise for $29,400 to JanCo; terms 3/5, n/15.
16 Wrote off Fedun’s account in the amount of $15,200.
20 Collected the amount owing from the January 15 sale.
Mar. 1 Accepted a $12,080, 60-day, 7% note dated this day in granting Parker Holdings a time extension on its pastdue account.
Apr. 15 Sold merchandise costing $62,200 for $71,400 to customers who used their Visa credit cards. Visa charges a 1% fee and deposits the cash electronically into the retailer’s account immediately at the time of sale.
? Parker Holdings honoured the note dated March 1.
Nov. 1
Accepted a $24,400, three-month, 6% note dated this day in granting Grant Company a time extension on its past-due account.
Dec. 31 Sullivan’s year-end. Interest was accrued on outstanding notes receivable.
31 Bad debts are based on an aging analysis that estimated $9,700 of accounts receivable are uncollectible. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts showed an unadjusted credit balance of $1,620 on this date.
2021
? Grant Company dishonoured its note dated November 1, 2020.
Mar. 5 Recovered $1,500 from Derek Holston that was previously written off.
14 Wrote off the Grant Company account.
Required:
a. Determine the maturity dates of the March 1 and November 1 notes.
b. Prepare entries as appropriate for each date. (Round the final answers to 2 decimal places. Use 365 days an year.)
Sullivan’s receivable turnovers at December 31, 2020 and 2021 were 7 and 7.5, respectively. Select the correct option for whether the change in the ratio for Sullivan was favourable or unfavourable.
a. The maturity date of the March 1 note is April 29 and that of November 1 note is Jan. 29.
b. Journal Entries:
2020
Jan. 15 Debit Cost of goods sold $25,200
Credit Inventory $25,200
Debit Accounts Receivable (JanCo.) $29,400
Credit Sales Revenue $29,400
terms 3/5, n/15.
Jan. 16 Debit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $15,200
Credit Accounts Receivable (Fedun) $15,200
Jan. 20 Debit Cash $28,518
Debit Cash Discounts $882
Credit Accounts Receivable (JanCo.) $29,400
Mar. 1 Debit Notes Receivable $12,080
Credit Accounts Receivable (Parker Holdings) $12,080
60-day, 7% note
Apr. 15 Debit Cost of goods sold $62,200
Inventory $62,200
Debit Cash from Visa $70,606
Debit Visa Card Expense $714
Credit Sales Revenue $71,400
April 29 Debit Cash $12,219
Credit Accounts Receivable (Parker Holdings) $12,080
Credit Interest Received $139
Nov. 1 Debit Notes Receivable $24,400
Credit Accounts Receivable (Grant Company) $24,400
three-month, 6% note
Dec. 31 Debit Interests Receivable $244.67
Credit Interest Income $244.67
($24,400 x 6% x 61/12)
Dec. 31 Debit Bad Debts Expense $9,700
Credit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $9,700
2021
Jan. 29 Debit Accounts Receivable (Grant Company) $24,760.99
Credit Notes Receivable $24,400
Credit Interests Receivable (Grant Company) $244.67
Credit Interest Income $116.32
dishonoured its note dated November 1, 2020.
Mar. 5 Debit Accounts Receivable (Derek Holston) $1,500
Credit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $1,500
Debit Cash $1,500
Credit Accounts Receivable (Derek Holston) $1,500
Mar. 14 Debit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $24,760.99
Credit Accounts Receivable (Grant Company) $24,760.99
Data Analysis:
2020
Jan. 15 Cost of goods sold $25,200 Inventory $25,200 Accounts Receivable (JanCo.) $29,400 Sales Revenue $29,400 terms 3/5, n/15.
Jan. 16 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $15,200 Accounts Receivable (Fedun) $15,200
Jan. 20 Cash $28,518 Cash Discounts $882 Accounts Receivable (JanCo.) $29,400
Mar. 1 Notes Receivable $12,080 Accounts Receivable (Parker Holdings) $12,080 60-day, 7% note
Apr. 15 Cost of goods sold $62,200 Inventory $62,200 Cash from Visa $70,606 Visa Card Expense $714 Sales Revenue $71,400
April 29 Cash $12,219 Accounts Receivable (Parker Holdings) $12,080 Interest Received $139
Nov. 1 Notes Receivable $24,400 Accounts Receivable (Grant Company) $24,400, three-month, 6% note
Dec. 31 Interests Receivable $244.67 Interest Income $244.67 ($24,400 x 6% x 61/12)
31 Bad Debts Expense $9,700 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $9,700
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts showed an unadjusted credit balance of $1,620 on this date.
2021
Jan. 29 Accounts Receivable (Grant Company) $24,760.99 Notes Receivable $24,400 Interests Receivable (Grant Company) $244.67 Interest Income $116.32
dishonoured its note dated November 1, 2020.
Mar. 5 Accounts Receivable (Derek Holston) $1,500 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $1,500 Cash $1,500 Accounts Receivable (Derek Holston) $1,500
Mar. 14 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $24,760.99 Accounts Receivable (Grant Company) $24,760.99
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Amy convenes a meeting to rethink the organizational structure to avoid being beat to the market by a competitor again. Based on your initial impressions of the situation, which solution do you think might be more effective: increase formalization or reduce hierarchy
Amy should reduce hierarchy if she wants to avoid being beaten by competitors.
A reduction of hierarchy will realign the company to achieve its goals faster than operating with a formalized hierarchy. This restructuring or delayering is known as empowerment.
The advantages that Amy will achieve by delayering or reducing hierarchy include:
Simplifying the organization's management structuresReducing its bureaucracyCutting its communication pathsSpeeding up decision-makingPushing responsibility down to lower organizational levels (through empowerment).
Thus, Amy should rethink the organizational structure by reducing the hierarchy, making the decision-making process accessible.
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Which is an advantage to buying something online?
You can try it right away.
You can take it home with you.
You can compare prices more easily.
You might have to pay for shipping.
Answer:
pay for shipping :)
Explanation:
Hope it helppsss
Explain the concept of interest
Answer:
Interest is the monetary charge for the privilege of borrowing money, typically expressed as an annual percentage rate (APR). Interest is the amount of money a lender or financial institution receives for lending out money.
Next Up Computer Company thinks it will make a splash with cartoon-themed laptop cover designs scheduled for release next year. The computers do not have any other feature differences from what Next Up currently offers. This effort is an example of using __________ to differentiate a product as new.
Considering the situation described above, this effort is an example of using image differentiation to differentiate a product as new.
Image differentiation is a type of differentiation strategy used by business firms to differentiate their products through communications.
By using communication strategies such as written, audio, digital, advertisement, or images to differentiate between various products or from existing products, this is an example of image differentiation.
Thus, when Next Up Computers only changes the cover designs alone, that is a form of image differentiation.
This is type of differentiation is often referred to as Reputation Differentiation.
Other types of differentiation methods include the following:
Product differentiationService differentiationRelationship differentiationDistribution differentiation.Price differentiation.Hence, in this case, it is concluded that the correct answer is "Image Differentiation."
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1 - At the Montell Company, functions are divided into areas of specialization such as production, marketing, accounting, and finance. This type of organization reflects Fayol's principle of: A. division of labour. B. equity. C. unity of command. D. hierarchy of authority. to describe middle managers whose job was to implement the 2 - Max Weber used the term orders of top management: A. management B. autocrats C. staff personnel D. bureaucrats
At the Montell Company, since the functions are divided into areas of specialization such as production, marketing, accounting, and finance, it reflects Fayol's principle of division of labor.
Max Weber used the term bureaucrats to describe middle managers. Their job is usually to implement the orders that they get from top management.
It should be noted that division of labor is when the roles that'll be performed in an organization are divided into various departments. This is done in order to make the job easier and faster.
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The volume of export activity in the world economy has increased as exporting has become easier, especially due to the gradual decline in trade barriers under the umbrella of GATT and now the WTO. Regional economic agreements such as the European Union and the North American Free Trade Agreement have also significantly increased export opportunities. Even though export activity in the world economy has increased, exporting remains a challenge for many firms. Smaller enterprises can find the process intimidating due to a host of issues ranging from mechanics of importing and exporting to dealing with countertrade. There are several promises and pitfalls to exporting. Read each statement to determine if it is true or false.
The statement that many novice exporters underestimate the time and expertise needed to cultivate business in foreign cultures is logically true.
From the complete question, it should be noted that exports account for a large percentage of the United States firm's sales.
Furthermore, large revenue and profit opportunities abound in foreign markets for most firms in most of the industries
In conclusion, many foreign customers do not require face-to-face negotiation when conducting business.
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Fariq purchases and places in service in 2020 personal property costing $2,611,000. The taxpayer plans to apply the Sec. 179 deduction, but not bonus depreciation. What is the maximum Sec. 179 deduction that Fariq can deduct, ignoring any taxable income limitation
The maximum deduction that Fariq can deduct is $1,019,000
Solution
In the year 2020, the Sec 179 deduction expense is given as 1040000 dollars. This the deduction expense given that the qualifying personal property has a worth that is greater than 2590000 dollars.
Then the phase out would be the difference between the amount of investment and property cost
Phase out = 2611000 - 2590000
= 21000 dollars
Maximum Sec. 179 deduction = $1,040,000 - 21000
= $1,019,000
The maximum deduction that Fariq can deduct is therefore $1,019,000
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Sarjit and Rhonda have both recently completed graduate level training in liberal arts programs. Although they studied in different fields, they are similar to each other in human capital value in the labor market. According to ________, this similarity defines Sarjit and Rhonda as belonging to the same economic class.
Economic classes refer to the position of people on the earning ladder. For Sarjit and Rhonda, the theory that classifies them into the same economic class is that of;
Karl MarxAccording to Karl Marx, there are two economic classes, namely, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The bourgeoisie are the rich and working-class members of society while the proletariats are the workers.
Given this classification, Sarjit and Rhonda belong to the same economic class of workers.
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Walt Disney reports the following information for its two Parks and Resorts divisions. U.S. International Current Year Prior Year Current Year Prior Year Hotel occupancy rates 87 % 83 % 79 % 78 % Assume Walt Disney uses a balanced scorecard and sets a target of 85% occupancy in its resorts. (1) Which division(s) exceeded the occupancy target during the current year
The division that exceeded the occupancy target during the current year was the United States because it had 87% occupancy.
A balanced scorecard is a management model that groups together various data to evaluate the result of a strategy related to the objectives.
A balanced scorecard works through indicators that allow aligning the behavior of the organization's members with the company's strategy.
Based on the above and the chart, the only resort that exceeded the occupancy target (85%) during the current year was the United States resort (87%)
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Skinner Baking Company is ready to launch a coffeecake line under the Skinner Baking 108 label. Which condition for favorable branding will likely be easiest for Skinner Baking Company to achieve
Answer:
Hybrid bikes
Explanation:
The Washington Post Company's ownership structure. They have two classes of stock, one of which has super voting, meaning one class of shareholders has more say than the other class. Do you think this is a smart structure? What are the advantages and disadvantages of this structure?
I think two classes of stock is a smart structure.
Advantages of the two classes of stock
It protects the firm against a hostile takeoverIt gives management greater ability to make decisions.Disadvantages of the two classes of stock
Ordinary shareholders have a limited ability to effect changes in the firm.A dual share class structure is when there are two classes of stock: the owners and management have greater voting rights while the shareholders have a limited voting right. This structure prevents the firm against a hostile takeover.
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Over the past year, Ionia's money supply decreased by $1 billion, $3 billion in bonds were sold to the public, an unused military base was sold for $5 billion, and the government spent $20 billion. Ionia had a budget surplus. deficit. Determine the amount of Ionia's budget deficit or surplus. $ billion Determine the amount of Ionia's tax revenue for the year.
1. Based on the information given Ionia had a budget deficit.
2. The amount of Ionia's budget deficit or surplus is $9 billion.
3. The amount of Ionia's tax revenue for the year is $11 billion.
1. Based on the information given Ionia had a budget deficit because the amount spent higher than the revenue.
2. Ionia's budget deficit or surplus
Budget deficit or surplus=$1 billion+$3 billion+$5 billion
Budget deficit or surplus=$9 billion
3. Tax revenue
Tax revenue= $20 billion-($1 billion+$3 billion+$5 billion)
Tax revenue-$20 billion-$9 billion
Tax revenue=$11 billion
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Answer:
A deficit of $7 Billion
Tax revenue of $13 Billion
Explanation:
Much like a cash‑strapped individual may run up a credit card bill or sell a TV set, governments must borrow or sell assets to cover a budget deficit. The government budget constraint summarizes these options.
−=ΔM+ΔB+ΔA
In the equation, is government spending, is tax revenue, ΔM is changes in the money supply, ΔB is bonds sold to the public, and ΔA is assets sold. If government bonds are sold to another government agency, the money supply increases by that amount. If is greater than , there is a budget deficit and the budget constraint will be a positive number.
As the numbers show, Ionia has a deficit of $7 billion.
−=ΔM+ΔB+ΔA= −$1 billion+$3 billion+$5 billion=$7 billion
Use this deficit and Ionia's government spending of $20 billion to determine tax revenue.
−=$7 billion
=−$7 billion=$20 billion−$7 billion=$13 billion
Firms that use Groupon to communicate their products are actively engaged in Multiple Choice viral marketing. advertising. product placement. infomercials. personal selling.
The term that describes what the Firms engage in by using Groupon to communicate their products is Advertising.
Advertising can be regarded as attempt to influence the buying behavior of customers as well as clients. It involves using means such as radio, television or internet to communicate about ones product to the consumer.
Therefore, advertising is correct term.
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Hope Springs makes the bottles of water, puts them into storage, and fills orders as they come in from inventory. This is an example of which supply-chain strategy
The type of supply-chain strategy uses by Hope Spring to fills orders as they come in from inventory is called the pull supply-chain strategy.
The pull supply strategy is a manufacturing strategy that is influenced by consumer's demand because the demand are used to decide the level of procurement, production and distribution of product.
This strategy is very effective to prevent against wastage or over-production since the level of demand for the product determine the level of producing such product.
Therefore, in conclusion, the example of this is known as Pull supply-chain strategy.
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which one of the following statement is false in respect of public law ?
A public law determines of state authority
b constitutional is a brach of public law
c relationship between the state and members of public are always equal
Answer:
The correct answer is C!
Explanation: