In a life table, the age-specific mortality rate is represented by the number of deaths occurring in a specific age group divided by the population at risk of dying in that age group.
The calculation of an age-specific rate is similar to that of a crude rate, with the exception that only certain age groups are used for determining the number of incidents and mid-year population. The age-adjusted mortality rates, for instance, are per 100,000 people. However, age-adjusted rates overall surgeries and hospitalisations are per 10,000 people, whereas age-adjusted rates for visits to the ER are per 1,000 people.
A population's mortality rate, often known as the rate of death, is a measurement of the number of deaths within that population per unit of time, scaled to that population's size. Excess mortality is the term used to describe when a calamity or illness results in more fatalities than anticipated. One such instance is COVID-19. Over that time period, the 2020 pandemic killed 50% more people than was anticipated.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. __________ refers to actions by a group of people who bypass the usual norms governing their behavior and do something unusual.a. The individual mindb. Collective behaviorc. An acting crowdd. Milling
b. Collective behavior refers to actions by a group of people who bypass the usual norms governing their behavior and do something unusual.
Collective behavior refers to the spontaneous and unstructured actions of a group of individuals who act outside the usual norms and expectations that govern their behavior. This behavior can take many forms, such as riots, protests, social movements, or fads. One example of collective behavior is the formation of a flash mob. Flash mobs are a group of people who gather in a public place and perform a brief, spontaneous act before quickly dispersing.
Flash mobs can be used for various purposes, such as entertainment, political protest, or social commentary. Another example of collective behavior is a riot. A riot is a violent disturbance of the peace by a crowd of people who engage in destructive and criminal behavior. Riots can be triggered by a variety of factors, such as political or social issues, sports events, or even rumors.
Collective behavior can also include the formation of social movements. Social movements are a group of people who come together to promote a common cause or goal. These movements can be peaceful, such as the civil rights movement, or violent, such as terrorist organizations.
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by mentally repeating a telephone number after looking it up for the first time, jim was engaged ina.visual coding.b.maintenance rehearsalc.retrieval.d.encoding.
By mentally repeating a telephone number after looking it up for the first time, Jim was engaged in "maintenance rehearsal".
Jim was engaged in "maintenance rehearsal" when he mentally repeated a phone number after looking it up for the first time.
Maintenance rehearsal is a memory approach that involves repeating or rehearsing information in order to keep it in short-term memory. This style of rehearsal entails repeatedly repeating information without adding any significance or elaboration to it.
In this scenario, Jim is utilising maintenance rehearsal to hold the telephone number in his short-term memory for a short amount of time until he can dial it.
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in mediated messages, men and women use the word "we" about equally, but in different ways. T/F
True. In mediated messages, men and women use the word "we" about equally, but they use it in different ways. Women tend to use "we" more to establish a connection and emphasize commonalities, while men tend to use "we" more to establish hierarchy and emphasize differences.
True. Research on language and gender suggests that both men and women use the word "we" in mediated messages, but they may use it in different ways. For example, women are more likely to use "we" to signal inclusiveness and group harmony, while men may use "we" to assert power or establish dominance.
Additionally, women may use "we" more frequently than men in collaborative contexts, such as group discussions or team projects, while men may use "we" more frequently in competitive contexts, such as debates or negotiations. These differences in language use reflect broader social and cultural norms about gender and communication.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. by kindergarten, children have mastered ____ and use this as the basis for learning how to add.
By kindergarten, children have mastered counting and use this as the basis for learning how to add.
What's counting skillCounting is a fundamental skill that children learn at an early age, and it is a necessary foundation for understanding basic math concepts such as addition.
Counting helps children to understand the concept of quantity and helps them to identify numbers in a sequence. It also helps them to develop a sense of number relationships, which is essential for solving addition problems.
For example, when children count objects, they are learning to recognize the value of each individual object, and this skill can be applied to addition by helping them understand that adding two objects together results in a total value that is greater than either individual value.
Overall, counting is an essential skill that sets the stage for future math learning, including addition.
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Consistency of individual differences in personality ________ over the life span.
a. decreases b. stays the same c. increases and then decreases d. increases
Consistency of individual differences in personality stays the same over the life span. (option b).
Research suggests that individual differences in personality tend to remain relatively stable over the life span. While some aspects of personality may shift or change in response to life events or experiences, overall consistency is generally observed.
This stability is thought to be due to a combination of genetic factors and early life experiences that shape our fundamental traits and tendencies.
However, there may be some variability in stability depending on the specific personality trait being examined. For example, traits related to emotional stability and introversion tend to show greater consistency over time, while traits related to openness to experience may be more prone to change across the life span.
Overall, though, the general trend is for personality to stay relatively consistent over time. Thus, the correct choice is option b.
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Andrew Carnegie was an industrial giant of the Gilded Age. Identify the statements that describe Carnegie.
He leveraged vertical integration to create the largest and most technologically advanced steel factories in the world.
Carnegie distributed much of his wealth to various philanthropies.
Both statements are accurate descriptions of Andrew Carnegie. Andrew Carnegie was an industrialist and philanthropist of the Gilded Age who made his fortune in the steel industry.
The statement "Andrew Carnegie was an industrial giant of the Gilded Age" describes Carnegie as a prominent figure in the business world during the late 19th century.
Additionally, the statement "He leveraged vertical integration to create the largest and most technologically advanced steel factories in the world" portrays Carnegie as a successful businessman who utilized innovative methods to expand his business.
Finally, the statement "Carnegie distributed much of his wealth to various philanthropies" highlights Carnegie's generosity and commitment to giving back to society, which is consistent with his famous statement that "the man who dies rich, dies disgraced."
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what is the most accurate statement about the social effect of living in a levittown-inspired community?
The most accurate statement about the social effect of living in a levittown-inspired community is that it fosters a sense of community and social cohesion among residents.
The design of these communities, with their identical houses and shared amenities, encourages interaction and socializing between neighbors. This sense of community can lead to increased social support, a greater sense of belonging, and a more active and engaged community overall.
However, it is important to note that this sense of community may also be exclusionary to those who do not fit the mold of the typical Levittown resident, such as people of color or those with lower incomes.
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a gender _____ is a child's cognitive concept or general belief about male and female differences.
A gender schema is a child's cognitive concept or general belief about male and female differences.
Gender schema theory posits that children develop these schemas early in life as a way to organize and understand the world around them. These schemas are shaped by cultural and societal norms and expectations, as well as by experiences and interactions with others.
Gender schemas can have both positive and negative effects on children's development. On the one hand, they can provide a sense of identity and belonging, helping children to feel like they fit in with others who share their gender identity. On the other hand, they can also limit children's choices and opportunities, reinforcing gender stereotypes and creating barriers to exploration and growth.
As parents and caregivers, it is important to be aware of the role that gender schemas play in children's development, and to actively work to challenge and expand these schemas in positive ways. By providing a diverse range of experiences and opportunities, and by modeling and encouraging gender equity and inclusivity, we can help children to develop more flexible and open-minded gender schemas, and to thrive as individuals who are able to express themselves fully and authentically.
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ethical ____ holds that moral right and wrong depend on the culture a person belongs to.
The ethical theory that holds that moral right and wrong depend on the culture a person belongs to is called cultural relativism.
Cultural relativism is a theory that asserts that morality is relative to culture, and that what is considered right or wrong can only be determined within the context of a particular culture. This means that moral values and ethical standards are shaped by the beliefs, customs, and practices of a particular culture, and are not absolute or universal.
Cultural relativism recognizes the diversity of cultures and the fact that what may be considered moral in one culture may not be considered moral in another culture. For example, in some cultures, it may be acceptable to practice polygamy, while in other cultures, it is considered immoral. Similarly, in some cultures, it may be acceptable to eat meat, while in other cultures, it is considered unethical.
Cultural relativism does not deny the existence of universal ethical principles, but it recognizes that the interpretation and application of these principles can vary across different cultures. Cultural relativism emphasizes the importance of understanding and respecting cultural differences, and it challenges the idea that one culture's values and beliefs are superior to those of other cultures.
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are personal opinions fueled by social media outlets affecting how we understand or view religious beliefs?
Yes, personal opinions fueled by social media outlets are affecting how we understand or view religious beliefs. Social media platforms have made it easy for people to express their opinions on various subjects, including religion.
People are exposed to a diverse range of opinions and perspectives on religious beliefs. This can lead to individuals re-evaluating their own beliefs or adopting new ones based on the opinions they encounter on social media.
Social media algorithms tend to show content that aligns with a user's interests and beliefs, which can create an echo chamber effect. This means that people are more likely to see opinions that reinforce their existing beliefs and less likely to encounter diverse perspectives. This can lead to a reinforcement of pre-existing beliefs and a lack of exposure to alternative viewpoints.
Social media can both broaden and narrow our understanding of religious beliefs, depending on how we use it and the content we are exposed to. It is important to evaluate the information we encounter on social media and seek out diverse perspectives to develop a well-rounded understanding of religious beliefs.
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The complete question is:
How does today's stereotyping, bias and racial profiling intersect with religion? Are personal opinions fueled by social media outlets affecting how we understand or view religious beliefs?
mr. marshall is a math teacher and a student council sponsor. he has encouraged student council to do a service project, but they are struggling with ideas. he decides to assign his math class a project where they research local non-profits. how can he align this project with the curriculum?
Mr. Marshall's project of researching local non-profits can be aligned with the math curriculum in several ways.
Firstly, students can use their math skills to analyze financial data of the non-profits, such as revenue and expenses. They can also create graphs and charts to compare the financial data of different non-profits. Additionally, students can use geometry to create blueprints for the non-profit's facilities and calculate measurements for construction or renovation. Finally, students can use statistics to conduct surveys and analyze data on the impact of the non-profit in the community. This project not only provides students with a real-world application of their math skills, but also helps them develop an understanding of the importance of community service and philanthropy.
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Approximately ______ of marriages will eventually result in a separation or divorce. a. 20% b. 40% c. 60% d. 80%
The percentage of marriages that eventually result in a separation or divorce is a complex topic with many factors that can influence the outcome. However, according to recent studies, the answer is (C) 60%.
This percentage can vary depending on several factors such as age, education level, income, cultural and religious beliefs, and even the region or country where the couple lives.
For instance, research shows that couples who marry later in life and have higher education levels are less likely to divorce.
Moreover, it is important to note that divorce rates have changed over time. In the 1970s, the divorce rate was around 50%, but it has decreased slightly since then.
Nonetheless, this does not mean that divorce rates are low or that divorce is less prevalent in society.
In fact, divorce remains a common occurrence, and it can have significant emotional, financial, and legal consequences for those involved.
Overall, while divorce rates can vary depending on multiple factors, approximately 60% of marriages will eventually end in separation or divorce.
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when settling a hostage negotiation, it is important to move quickly as possible because: group of answer choices increases the chance that the hostage will be kept alive keeps kidnappers hopes alive that money will be forthcoming it helps prevent anchoring all of the above
It is important to move quickly in settling a hostage negotiation. Hostages are taken as security for the execution of a contract or to avoid breaking the law of war.
Moving quickly in settling a hostage negotiation increases the chance that the hostage will be kept alive. This is because kidnappers may become more desperate or unpredictable the longer negotiations drag on. Additionally, it helps prevent the kidnappers from anchoring onto their demands or developing a false sense of hope that money will be forthcoming. By showing a sense of urgency and taking swift action, negotiators can help deescalate the situation and increase the chances of a successful outcome.
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consistency of individual differences in personality ________ over the life span.
The consistency of individual differences in personality tends to increase over the life span.
This means that as individuals grow older, their personalities become more stable and consistent, with fewer changes occurring in their traits and behaviors. The key terms to understand in this context are:
1. Individual differences: Variations in personality traits and characteristics among people.
2. Personality: A combination of traits, behaviors, and characteristics that make up an individual's unique way of interacting with the world.
3. Life span: The entire duration of an individual's life, from birth to death.
As people age, they tend to become more set in their ways, and their personalities solidify. This increased consistency can be attributed to factors such as genetic influences, learned behaviors, and life experiences that shape and mold an individual's personality over time.
However, it is important to note that while overall consistency increases with age, there may still be some changes in specific traits or behaviors due to significant life events or personal growth.
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many older people engage in regular sexual activity. group of answer choices no answer text provided. true false no answer text provided.
True. Many older people do engage in regular sex-ual activity.
It is important for healthcare providers to understand this and provide appropriate care and education to help ensure safe and enjoyable sex-ual relationships for older adults. It is also important for healthcare providers to be knowledgeable about the physical and emotional changes that can occur with age and how these may impact sex-ual health.
A detailed answer would involve discussing the various factors that can affect sex-ual activity in older adults, such as changes in hormone levels, chronic health conditions, and medications. It would also involve discussing ways in which healthcare providers can support older adults in maintaining healthy sex-ual relationships, including providing education and counseling, addressing concerns related to sex-ual dysfunction, and promoting safe se-x practices.
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under islamic law, ________ crimes are considered offenses against god.
Under Islamic law, Hudud crimes are considered offenses against God.
Hudud crimes include acts like theft, consumption of alcohol, apostasy, murder, and robbery. These crimes are seen as direct violations of God's commandments and, as such, are treated with strict punishments outlined in Islamic jurisprudence. In Islamic law, these crimes are viewed as not only harmful to society but also as a violation of the divine law and order established by God.
The punishment for these crimes is believed to be not only a deterrent but also a means of seeking God's forgiveness and mercy. Islamic law aims to promote justice and morality in society by upholding the values and principles outlined in the Quran and the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad.
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in a review of longitudinal studies, white et al. (2016) found what effects of hormone treatments among transwomen and transmen?
These findings demonstrate the significant impact of hormone treatments on both physical and emotional well-being for transgender individuals, helping them align more closely with their gender identity.
White et al. (2016) discovered several effects of hormone treatments among transwomen and transmen in their review of longitudinal studies. These effects can be summarized in the following steps:
1. For transwomen, the administration of estrogen and anti-androgen therapies led to the following changes:
a. Decreased muscle mass and increased fat distribution, resulting in a more feminine body shape.
b. Breast development and a decrease in facial and body hair growth.
c. Reduced erectile function and testicular size.
d. Changes in emotional well-being, with improved mood and reduced dysphoria.
2. For transmen, the administration of testosterone therapy resulted in the following changes:
a. Increased muscle mass and redistribution of body fat, resulting in a more masculine body shape.
b. Deepening of the voice due to vocal cord changes.
c. Increased facial and body hair growth, and possible male pattern baldness.
d. Cessation of menstruation and potential for an increase in libido.
e. Improved emotional well-being, with decreased dysphoria and mood stabilization.
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people in individualistic countries tend to see power in social terms and as a legitimate means of helping others. group of answer choices true false
False. People in individualistic countries tend to see power as a means of personal achievement and success rather than as a means of helping others.
They also tend to view social relationships in more transactional terms rather than as obligations to others. In individualistic countries, people tend to view power as a means of personal achievement and self-interest rather than as a way to help others or benefit society as a whole. This is because individualistic cultures emphasize personal autonomy, independence, and self-reliance, which can lead to a focus on individual success rather than collective goals. In such cultures, the use of power may be seen as a way to assert one's own individuality rather than as a means of serving others.
Individualistic cultures are often found in Western societies such as the United States, Canada, and Western Europe, as well as in some Asian countries like Japan. In these cultures, people are encouraged to develop their own skills and talents, pursue their own interests and goals, and express their individuality.
Individualistic cultures also tend to emphasize the importance of personal responsibility and accountability, and people are expected to take ownership of their own actions and decisions. This may lead to a focus on competition, as individuals strive to achieve success and stand out from others.
Overall, individualistic cultures value individuality, independence, and personal achievement, and they often prioritize the needs and desires of the individual over those of the group or community.
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How is the demographics of men who are interested in bodybuilding and fitness, their needs, and their buying behaviour?
The demographics of men who are interested in bodybuilding and fitness typically fall within the age range of 18-35 and are predominantly male.
They are typically health-conscious and active individuals who place a high value on their physical appearance and performance. In terms of their needs, they require access to quality gym equipment, supplements, and nutritional guidance to help them achieve their fitness goals.
When it comes to buying behavior, these men are often loyal to specific brands and seek out products that are known for their effectiveness and quality. They are willing to invest in their fitness journey and are often willing to pay a premium for products that meet their specific needs. Additionally, social media has played a significant role in the buying behavior of this demographic, as influencers and fitness personalities often promote specific products or brands to their followers. Overall, the demographics of men who are interested in bodybuilding and fitness are a lucrative market for companies who offer products and services tailored to their unique needs and interests.
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which of the following indicates that the child is in the symbolic function substage? group of answer choices the child cries when hungry and smiles when happy. the child uses a scribbled design to represent her family. the child can mentally add or subtract numbers. the child wants to know the answers to all sorts of questions.
The child using a scribbled design to represent her family indicates that the child is in the symbolic function substage. Therefore the correct option is option B.
The symbolic function substage is the second substage of Piaget's preoperational cognitive development stage, which occurs between the ages of 2 and 4. Children at this age learn to use symbols to depict objects, people, and events in their environment.
Drawings to represent people and objects, words to represent thoughts and ideas, and gestures to convey meaning are all examples of symbolic representation.
In the presented example, the child uses a scribbled drawing to represent her family, which is an example of symbolic representation. This implies that the kid has gained the ability to use symbols to depict objects and people in her environment, indicating that she is in the symbolic function substage. Therefore the correct option is option B.
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when molly hears that several people in her geometry class think she’s great, it is likely to
When Molly hears that several people in her geometry class think she's great, it is likely to boost her self-esteem and confidence.
Positive feedback from others can be a powerful motivator and make us feel valued and appreciated. Hearing positive comments about herself in her geometry class would increase her self-esteem and confidence. It may also encourage Molly to continue working hard in her class and strive for even greater success.
Additionally, knowing that others see her in a positive light may help her form stronger connections with her peers and feel more included in the classroom community. Hence, hearing she is great in geometry class would likely increase Molly's self-esteem and confidence.
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a social trend in which people use technology to get the things they need from each other, rather than from traditional institutions like corporations is called the
The social trend in which people use technology to get the things they need from each other, rather than from traditional institutions like corporations, is called the "Sharing Economy."
Advancements in technology have made it easier for individuals to connect with one another and exchange goods and services without the need for middlemen or traditional institutions.
The Sharing Economy is a socio-economic system built around the sharing of resources, goods, and services through digital platforms. This trend allows individuals to borrow, rent, or share items, skills, or services with others, instead of purchasing them from traditional institutions.
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____________ results from inadequate growth during gestation or a curtailed period of gestation.
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) results from inadequate growth during gestation or a curtailed period of gestation.
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) occurs when a baby does not grow as expected during pregnancy, which can be caused by various factors such as poor maternal nutrition, placental insufficiency, or certain medical conditions. This condition can lead to a range of complications for the baby, such as low birth weight, difficulty regulating body temperature, respiratory distress, and developmental delays. Depending on the severity, IUGR may require close monitoring during pregnancy and/or early medical intervention after birth to minimize potential health risks for the baby.
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when one's values conflict with his/her job demands, this is ________ conflict.
When an individual's personal values clash with the demands of their job, this is referred to as a values conflict.
This type of conflict occurs when the expectations or requirements of a job go against one's deeply held beliefs or principles. The discrepancy between these two aspects can cause a great deal of stress, dissatisfaction, and ethical dilemmas for the person involved.
Values conflict can manifest in various ways, such as being asked to engage in activities that compromise one's integrity, working in an environment with opposing cultural or moral values, or facing pressure to prioritize work over personal life. In some cases, an individual may find it difficult to maintain a sense of personal identity while trying to meet the demands of their profession.
Addressing values conflict may involve open communication with supervisors, seeking advice from mentors or colleagues, or exploring alternative job opportunities that better align with one's values. Ultimately, finding a balance between personal values and job demands is essential to achieving job satisfaction and maintaining overall well-being.
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tinker v. des moines independent community school district was a student press case. a. true b. false
True. Tinker v. Des Moines independent community school District was a landmark U.S. supreme court case in the 1969 which was concerned with the student's free speech rights in a college setting.
Especially, the case handled the right of students to put on black armbands to protest the Vietnam war, and whether or not such as the protest was protected under the primary modification.
The court in the end ruled in prefer of the students, pointing out that the students do no longer "shed their constitutional rights to freedom of a speech or expression on the school house gate."
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which theorists am i? the creation of the self comes from the development of the id, ego and superego.
The theorist Sigmund Freud developed the idea of self and its relationship to id, ego and supergo. Hence provided an aid in the understanding of human psychology.
Furthermore it is seen in Freud's psychoanalysis theory that human personality is comprised of three key elements the id, the ego, and the superego.
The id is the most primary part of the personality that is present at birth and is responsible for the basic drives such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire. The ego is born from the id and provides the impulses of the id can be projected in a manner acceptable in the real world. The superego contributes as a moral conscience.
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jose is a very active toddler who prefers to do things by himself.according to erikson, jose prefers to be successfully resolving whichdevelopmental crisis?
According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, Jose is most likely in the stage of autonomy vs. shame and doubt. This is the second stage, which occurs during the toddler years. During this stage, children like Jose are developing a sense of independence and autonomy. They want to do things by themselves and have a sense of control over their environment. If they can successfully resolve this crisis, they will develop a sense of confidence and self-esteem.
However, if they are unable to achieve autonomy, they may feel shame and doubt about their abilities. Therefore, caregivers need to provide opportunities for toddlers like Jose to explore and try new things while also offering support and encouragement.
"Erikson's developmental crisis for a toddler like Jose. Jose, a very active toddler who prefers to do things by himself, is likely resolving Erikson's developmental crisis of "Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt."
This stage occurs during ages 18 months to 3 years, when children begin to explore their environment and develop a sense of independence. In this stage, children like Jose need to be provided with the opportunity to make choices and explore their abilities. Successful resolution of this stage involves a sense of autonomy, while failure to develop autonomy may lead to feelings of shame and doubt.
To support Jose's development, it is essential to encourage his independence and offer guidance when necessary, without being overly restrictive or controlling. This will help Jose develop a sense of self-confidence and personal agency.
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jeremy is a right-handed violin player (i.e., he bows with his right hand and fingers the strings with his left). the cortical representation for the fingers on jeremy's left hand is: group of answer choices larger than the area for the fingers on the left hand of a non-musician smaller than the area of the fingers on the left hand of a non-musician equal to the area for the fingers on the left-hand of a non-musician equal to the area of the fingers on his right hand
The cortical representation for the fingers on Jeremy's left hand is likely to be larger than the area for the fingers on the left hand of a non-musician.
This is because playing a musical instrument, such as the violin, requires fine motor skills, and the repetitive use of certain fingers can cause an expansion of the corresponding cortical representation in the brain. This phenomenon is known as neuroplasticity, and it is more likely to occur in musicians due to the increased demands on their motor and sensory systems.
Additionally, it is worth noting that the cortical representation for the fingers on Jeremy's left hand may not necessarily be larger than the area of the fingers on his right hand, as the demands of playing the violin require significant coordination and dexterity in both hands.
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psychoticism is traits such as being sociable, lively, active, assertive, dominant, and carefree.
T/F
The statement is false. Psychoticism is not characterized by traits such as being sociable, lively, active, assertive, dominant, and carefree.
Instead, psychoticism is a personality dimension that includes traits related to aggression, impulsivity, and a tendency towards experiencing psychotic-like symptoms, such as hallucinations or delusions. This term is often associated with Eysenck's personality theory, where three dimensions are used to describe human personality: extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism.
The traits mentioned in the question - sociable, lively, active, assertive, dominant, and carefree - are more closely related to the extraversion dimension. Extraversion refers to a personality trait that involves seeking social interaction, being outgoing, and enjoying the company of others. People high in extraversion are more likely to exhibit the mentioned traits, whereas those high in psychoticism would exhibit traits such as aggression and impulsivity.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. ________, the oldest operation prison in America, was built in 1798 and still houses inmates today.a. Eastern state Penitentiary (PA)b. Auburn State Penitentiary (NY)c. Trenton State Prison (NJ)d. Salem State Prison (MA)
The correct answer is c. Trenton State Prison (NJ). Trenton State Prison (NJ) is the oldest operating prison in America, was built in 1798 and still houses inmates today.
The New Jersey Department of Corrections runs the Trenton, New Jersey, state men's prison known as the New Jersey State Prison (NJSP), previously Trenton State Prison. One of the first penal facilities built in the United States, it is also the oldest jail in New Jersey. The state's sole institution with total maximum security, it houses the most challenging and/or dangerous male criminals. Two security units are run by NJSP, which also offers a high degree of custodial oversight and control. The centre prioritises professional therapeutic services including social work and education. The facility's former apparel and bedding stores in Shop Hall were run by the Bureau of State Use Industries.
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