In a flock of birds, parents can raise small clutches on their own but can increase their clutch size if they have a helper. You want to see if altruistic behavior is likely to spread. To do this you observed a male bird that stayed at his birth nest for a year to help raise the offspring of his father and his stepmother (the original mother died) and then built his own nest the following year. You calculated direct fitness (cost) for the male bird by counting the number of offspring he produced in one year and multiplied it by ½ due to the relatedness between parents and offspring. To calculate his indirect fitness (benefit), you took the total number of offspring produced in his birth nest by his father and stepmother when he assisted them and multiplied it by ½. To determine if this altruistic behavior would spread you subtracted the cost from the benefit to determine whether it was greater than 1. What did you do wrong

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The mistakes made

Altruistic behavior is measured as ; b - c > 0  and not b - c > 1 relatedness for half siblings = 0.25 and not 1/2

Explanation:

The relatedness between ; Mother, father, daughter and son = 0.5 ( 1/2 )  which is included in the direct fitness category  ( For the MALE bird )

The relatedness for the Half brother and Half sister of the male bird = 0.25 ( 1/4 ) ( indirect fitness )

hence applying  Hamilton's rule

Relatedness = rb - c > 0

where b = benefit , c = cost

∴Total fitness = ∑ direct fitness + ∑ indirect fitness

                       = 0.5x + 0.25y

hence the mistakes made

Altruistic behavior is measured as ; b - c > 0  and not b - c > 1 relatedness for half siblings = 0.25 and not 1/2


Related Questions

I’m aerobic cellular respiration, what three major steps are involved

Answers

Explanation:

GlycolysisCitric acid cycleElectron transport chain.

Which of the following best describes the composition of a nucleotide?

Select one:

a.
a pair of six-carbon rings attached to each other

b.
a carbon atom joined to a hydrogen and three functional groups

c.
a chain of carbon atoms with a carboxyl group bonded to one end

d.
a five-carbon sugar attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base

Answers

Answer:

d

Explanation:

Nucleotide is composed of 3 main subunits, which are nucleobase, a five-carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and a phosphate group consisting of one to three phosphates.

D

A nucleotide is composed of sugar, 5 rings, with a phosphate and a nucleotide.

help please?!?!?!?!?!?!?!

Answers

Answer:

I would guess b or d

Explanation:

*80 POINTS PLEASE HELP
The unit discusses and defines hydrostatic pressure. Explain what hydrostatic pressure is and how this term relates to Néry’s talk.
Explain what the term “blood shift” means and how it works.
Describe what happens when Néry falls below 80 meters in depth. How must Néry react in order to survive, and even enjoy, falling to such depths?
Néry describes many aspects of the entire experience of free diving that he finds appealing. What aspect of the free-diving experience that Néry describes appeals to you most? Why?

Answers

Answer:

Answer: Raymond Wang: How germs travel on planes – and how we can stop them

1. After completing the unit and watching the video, explain how the unit about oceans and the video about germs on a plane relate?

In his video Raymond explains how the diseases are transmitted through planes from one country to another and the difficulties faced to prevent the spread of diseases due to the air circulation in the planes. It is always difficult to screen the person with disease and prevent them from getting into the plane since the air circulates in the conventional cabins. When a person sneezes, the air will get swirled multiple times and spread the disease.

2. Using examples from the video, explain why it is difficult to keep people who are sick off of planes.

It’s difficult to pre-screen for diseases. When someone goes on a plane, they could be sick and actually be in this latency period in which they could have the disease but not exhibit any symptoms and could possibly spread the disease to many other people.

3. How does Wang illustrate what happens in a conventional airplane cabin when someone sneezes?

He illustrates how the air is just being circulated throughout the plane. When someone sneezes, the air is just being circulated into the air. This means that everyone on that plane has breathed in that person’s sneeze because it’s such a compact place.

Answer:

4.

Explanation:

Describe Wang’s solution for easily preventing the spread of disease on airplanes? What does “flow,” a word seen in the unit, have to do with his solution? The thing he made to prevent people from getting sneezes in their face is by making the bacteria flow straight towards the filters, so no one gets the bacteria in their faces.

What is the mass number of potassuum atom that has 20 neutrons

Answers

The mass number of a potassium atom is 39.

What is the connection between the liquid state of water and hydrogen bonding?

Answers

Answer:

In the liquid state, the hydrogen bonds of water can break and reform as the molecules flow from one place to another. When water is cooled, the molecules begin to slow down. Eventually, when water is frozen to ice, the hydrogen bonds become permanent and form a very specific network.

Explanation:

What is the relationship between structure and function in a leaf?

Answers

Answer:

A structure is a building a leaf is something from a tree or plant

Explanation:

Leaf function

Leaf functionThe main function of a leaf is to produce food for the plant by photosynthesis. Chlorophyll, the substance that gives plants their characteristic green colour, absorbs light energy. The internal structure of the leaf is protected by the leaf epidermis, which is continuous with the stem epidermis.

follow

Is a process that tells cells to stop dividing if they touch each other

Answers

Answer:

contact inhibition.

Explanation:

This is how healthy cells know when to stop dividing. and a process called contact inhibition is when normal, healthy cells are touching other cells on all sides, they have a red light in the cell cycle and do not divide

I Hope This Helps!!!!

Answer:

cell cycle

Explanation:

The process then repeats in what is called the cell cycle. Cells regulate their division by communicating with each other using chemical signals from special proteins called cyclins. These signals act like switches to tell cells when to start dividing and later when to stop dividing. I don't understand what you are saying, but hope this helps!

Could someone help me out with this easy question? I wasn’t in class today.

Answers

The answer is A
If carbon dioxide increased in the atmosphere the surface of the earth would intake more energy

Which of the following would cause a plant to grow taller?

Answers

Answer:

Make plants grow taller by ensuring that their basic needs are being met. This includes water, sunlight, warmth and nutrients. Research the needs of your particular plant and provide these elements in the necessary amounts for optimum growth.

What subatomic particles are found on the inside of an atom (the nucleus) and what subatomic particles are found on the outside (in the rings)?

Answers

Answer:

In the nucleus of an atom, we find 2 subatomic particles, protons, and neutrons.

On the outside, on the rings, are electrons.

I hope this helps you somewhat! :D  

TheQuestionIsWhy

What is the main structural component of plants?

Answers

Answer: Carbohydrates are the most abundant structural component present in plants and microorganisms.

Explanation:

Answer:

Cellulose

Explanation:

Cellulose is the main structural component of plants.

Activity
1. You have been presented with four outcrops from different locations.
2. Correlate matching layers of rock from the locations A, B and C so that matching
layers are next to each other. Draw lines to identify the correlated layers.
3. Draw a red line between layers of rock to identify where rock layers are missing.
4. Determine the relative age (as a range of time) of the rock layers. Label the age.
5. Try to correlate the rock layers of location D. You will answer questions specific to
layer D after completing this activity.

Answers

Answer:It's a + t _ d-e Np

Explanation:

A pyramid of biomass shows the mass of all the organisms in each trophic level of an ecosystem. Look at the biomass pyramid to the right. Based on the data shown, how many kilograms of plant matter would be needed to support the other trophic levels in this ecosystem?

Answers

Answer:

90,000

Explanation:

It would be 90,000 because it is a pattern, 90, 900, 9,000, and 90,000.

As food travels through the digestive system, it is exposed to a variety of pH levels. The stomach has a pH of 2 due to the presence of hydrochloride acid (HCI), and the small intestine has a pH ranging from 7 to 9. HCI converts pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach. Which of the following most likely happens to pepsin as it enters the small intestine.
A. it becomes inactive
B. It begins to replicate
C. Its shape changes to engulf large pepsin
D. Its activity increases to digest more proteins

Answers

Answer:

the answer should be D on edge i am a little rusty but hope this helps.

Explanation:

Which statement describes Newton's first law of motion?
A. Objects only change motion when a nonzero net force acts on them.
B. Increasing the distance between objects decreases the gravitational force between them.
C. An object's acceleration is determined by the net force acting on it divided by the object's mass,
D. When one object pushes another, the second object pushes back with an equal force in the opposite direction

Answers

Answer:

I think it is D that's would sound the best

Your Answer will most likely be (D)

A hormone signals through a G protein-coupled receptor as shown in the diagram. After the production of IP3, which of these events will MOST quickly stop the transduction of the signal?
A. the hydrolysis of IP3
B. the hydrolysis of GTP
C. the hydrolysis of PIP2
D. the hydrolysis of the hormone

Answers

Answer: The answer is A

Explanation: Took the test lol

The quickest halt to the signal transduction process after IP3 production occurs through the hydrolysis of IP3 itself, as option A.

The hydrolysis of IP3 results in the quickest termination of the signal transduction pathway among the available alternatives. A series of actions are triggered by IP3, which causes the release of calcium ions from intracellular reserves. IP3 is hydrolyzed by phosphatases, which halts the calcium release and prevents protracted signaling.

Even while the hydrolysis of GTP and PIP2 is a necessary step in the cessation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling, it happens later and does not have the same rapid effects as IP3 hydrolysis. The hormone's own breakdown is not a known mechanism for halting signal transmission.

To know more about signal transduction here https://brainly.com/question/30449991

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Which of the following choices is a component in the community of a wetlands
ecosystem?

A. Water
B. Sunlight
C. Soil
D. Frog

Answers

Answer: Water

Explanation:

A community is the occupied space by a population of two or more species. Water is a community component of a wetland ecosystem. Thus, option A is correct.

What is a wetland ecosystem?

Wetland is a type of ecosystem that comprises water reservoirs and has an excess of stored water in the form of bogs, marshes, and swamps. A wetland ecosystem includes many biotic and abiotic factors that interact and live together.

The wetland ecosystem is characterized by the presence of water throughout all the years. It is a valuable ecosystem that absorbs excess precipitation so as to avoid flooding and soil erosions. Hydrology, soils, and biology are the main components of the ecosystem.

Therefore, option A. water is the component of the wetland ecosystem.

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Plz help I need help

Answers

The correct answer is chloroplasts.
The answer is chloroplasts,
I hope this helps, good luck

The heart is within the

Answers

Answer:

the pericardial cavity

statement does not describe cell cycle checkpoints?

Answers

Answer:

Defective checkpoints results in death of the cell.

Normal checkpoints make sure the cell has enough resources for cell division. Normal checkpoints ensure the cells commits apoptosis if the cell has a problem it cannot fix itself.

in a reverse reaction products are formed form reactants and reactants are formed form products when they yeild the same amount

Answers

Answer:

A reversible reaction is a chemical reaction where the reactants form products and products react together with reactants to give the reactants back. When they yield the same amount, Reversible reactions will reach a chemical equilibrium in which the concentrations of reactants and products will no longer change.

Explanation:

I hope it helps, Regards.

Animals such as foxes and cats often prey on rabbits. Based on the growth curve of the rabbit population, what
might have happened if a group of predators moved into the rabbits habitat during the tenth generation and
began eating the rabbits?

Answers

Answer:

If this happened that would affect to amount of food the other predators got, eventually causing decreases in their species.

Explanation:

If a group of predators moved into the rabbit's habitat during the tenth generation and began eating the rabbits, it would definitely affect the amount of food and other resources that are available for other predators that directly or indirectly depend on the rabbit's population.

What is a Habitat?

A habitat may be defined as a type of natural environment for which a particular species is best adapted due to natural selection. In this natural environment, the basic demands of an organism are fulfilled like food, space, mating partner, etc.

When a group of predators starts eating the rabbits, the population of rabbits gradually decreases. Due to this, the other predators of the same species feel the scarcity of food and resources. As a result of this, their number or population also declines slowly or adapted to other species.

Therefore, it would definitely affect the amount of food and other resources that are available for other predators that directly or indirectly depend on the rabbit population.

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What's the highest level of interdependence that includes only living things?

Answers

Answer:

The living things in an ecosystem are interdependent. This means that living things depend on their interactions with each other and also nonliving things for survival. For example, a tree depends on sunlight for energy and food. A snail depends on plants for food.

Explanation:

this might help you

The cardiovascular system is

Answers

The cardiovascular system is sometimes called the blood-vascular, or simply the circulatory, system. It consists of the heart, which is a muscular pumping device, and a closed system of vessels called arteries, veins, and capillaries.

The system that contains the heart and the blood vessels and moves blood throughout the body. This system helps tissues get enough oxygen and nutrients, and it helps them get rid of waste products. The lymph system, which connects with the blood system, is often considered part of the circulatory system.

- BRAINLIEST answerer ❤️

Plz help I need help

Answers

the answer isbacterial cell

Like 90% sure its bacteria cell.

A 3-column table has 4 rows. The first column is labeled Student with entries Zack, Nicole, Christian, Abigail. The second column is labeled Food with entries Tofu, salad dressing, jelly sandwich, pasta. The third column is labeled Macromolecule with entries protein, lipid, monosaccharides, polysaccharides. Based on the data you collected, who likely left the the classroom mess? Justify your answer.

Answers

Answer:

Nicole

Explanation:

Sample Response: The mystery food sample did test positive for Sudan red. Nicole ate salad dressing, which contains fat, a lipid. She is the likely culprit.

.

.

The mystery food sample tested positive for lipids using the Sudan red indicator.

Nicole ate salad dressing.

Salad dressing contains fat, a lipid.

Nicole is probably guilty.

Based on the data you collected, Nicole likely left the classroom mess, objective was to determine the individual macronutrients.

What is Macromolecule testing?

This lab's objective was to determine the individual macronutrients in the unidentified food item that was left in the classroom. The following student is believed to have left a sample in the classroom.

Sample Reaction: The sample of the mysterious food tested positive for Sudan red. Nicole consumed salad dressing, a lipid that contains fat. She is the most likely offender.

The Sudan red indicator revealed lipids in the sample of the mysterious food. Lauren consumed salad dressing. Fat, a lipid, is present in salad dressing.

Therefore, based on the data, Nicole most likely did it.

Learn more about macromolecules, here:

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Many desert plants use allelopathy to
minimize competition and to keep other
organisms away. What type of dispersal
pattern does this cause among the
plants?
A. random
B. clumped
C. uniform
D. huddled

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

gshsfhpxif ux jx,xu if fi

Place the smallest level of organization at the top and the largest at the bottom.
HELP PLEASE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Artery
Circulatory System
Smooth Muscle Tissue
Smooth Muscle Cell

Answers

Answer:

Artery

Circulatory System

Smooth Muscle Tissue

Smooth Muscle cell

Explanation:

When can exponential growth occur in a population? Please help

Answers

A. when food and space are unlimited

all of the others would cause a decline

please mark brainliest :)
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