Answer:
1) Purines contain only four ring nitrogen atoms while Pyrimidines contain only two nitrogen ring atoms
2) Purines contain two heterocyclic rings while Pyrimidines contain one heterocyclic ring
Explanation:
Purines and Pyrimidines are two classes of nitrogenous bases that make up nucleic acids. They are both heterocyclic aromatic compounds which contains nitrogen atoms in their structure. Although, they are similar but have distinct features namely:
Purines are ring molecules which consists of four (4) nitrogen atoms in their aromatic structure. They are structures with two heterocyclic rings consisting of five (5) carbon and four (4) nitrogen atoms. Adenine and Guanine are the purines in nature.
On the other hand, Pyrimidines are another ring molecules consisting of two (2) nitrogen atoms in their aromatic structure. Their only ring i.e. 1, is also heterocyclic in nature and contains four (4) carbon and two (2) nitrogen atoms. Cytosine, Thymine and Uracil are the pyrimidines.
Images of unreplicated chromosomes that allow researchers to organize and identify each chromosome, as well as missing or extra chromosomes is called a(n) _____.
Answer:
karyotype
Explanation:
The correct answer would be a karyotype.
A karyotype is an image of isolated and purified chromosomes of an organism taking under the microscope. The chromosomes in the image are then cut-out using an appropriate instrument and then arranged according to their sizes from the smallest to the largest. From this arrangement, missing or extra chromosomes can easily be revealed.
The entire process is called karyotyping.
Identify one example from the scientific literature of how a chemogenetic or optogenetic modulator was used to correct signaling in a disrupted cellular pathway.
Answer:
A chemogenetic based technique known as Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD) has been used to study the pathway of neurons in the dorsomedial striatum in mice addicted to alcohol.
Explanation:
Transgenic mice were used in this research and synaptic transmissions were monitored. It was found that DREADDs could indeed have an impact on these transmissions by way of either silencing or activating them.
Explain the differences between osteoporosis osteoclasts and osteocytes. How do these cells work together to remodel bone? What happens if the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts are imbalanced
Answer:
Osteoporosis is a condition when bones get porous and break easily, while
Osteocytes are what people call virgin bone cells (or osteoblasts) once they become hardened into place.
Osteoclasts break down bone when it grows beyond where it needs to be.
Explanation:
Throughout our lives, bone is deposited, broken down, and replaced. When an arm or leg is broken, the blood vessels at the area have the ability to increase calcium phosphate deposition to help heal the break. Newly trapped osteoblasts, called osteocytes, form the new bone framework. These cells can no longer produce new bone and become the basic framework for the new bone.
Osteoclasts, the second type of bone cell, are specialized to dissolve bone. As bones grow, they need to be reshaped. Simply add- ing layer upon layer of calcium phosphate would not maintain the proper shape of the bone. Therefore, as bones grow, the osteoclasts secrete enzymes that help dissolve certain areas of the bone.
Consider this microscopic image of bacteria. Rod-shaped bacteria is shown. Based on its shape, what is most likely the form of this bacteria? coccus staphus bacillus spirillum
Answer:
C) Bacillus
Explanation:
Trust the process
State 2-3 ways that medical examiners determine time of death. Explain the procedures and what information can be discovered in the process. How is Bill Bass’ Body Farm helpful in this research?
Answer:
Physical inspection and postmortem are the two ways used to find out the time of death.
Explanation:
3 ways that medical examiners determine time of death of an individual is given below:
1) By physical inspection in which the medical examiner see the rate of decomposition and the insects which are present on the dead body.
2) By postmortem in which the whole body is examine and find out the cause and the time of death of person.
Bill Bass’ Body Farm helpful in this research because this is an outdoor laboratory where the dead body should be examined by the researchers by using various instruments and chemicals.
What is genetic engineering and important of genetic engineering
Answer: Genetic engineering is manipulating or modication an organisms' dna or cells.
Cloning is a great example of genetic engineering.
Explanation: it is important because it is use to produce medicine such as Insulin and other vaccines for dfferent diseases.
Hope this helped :)
Doctors may be able to inject a functioning copy of the gene mutated in Sam's DNA in the cells of his eyes. If the procedure were successful, would you expect Sam to regain his vision? Why or why not?
Answer:
Yes.
Explanation:
Yes, Sam regain his vision and seen clearly because the injected gene go to the site where the damaged cell is present which is responsible for vision is replaced by injecting functioning copy of the gene and starts working and the person can see clearly. First the functioning copy of the gene is mutated with Sam's DNA in the cells of his eyes in order to adjust with the gene of eye and then injected so the Sam's DNA can accept the newly mutated gene.
The iris in the human eye contracts and expands, controlling the amount of light that reaches the retina. What types of muscle control this?To which skeletal system does the sternum belong?
Answer:
1. sphincter muscle and dilator muscle
2. Axial skeleton
Explanation:
1.The iris in the human eye is responsible for controlling the exposure of of light that reaches the retina. The movement of iris is controlled by a muscles called sphincter muscle and dilator muscle. sphincter muscle constricts the pupil in bright light while dilator muscle expands the pupil.
2. Sternum belongs to the axial skeleton, which is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest. Axial skeleton consists of 80 bones and strenum is one of them. Axial skeleton functions to provide protection to vital organs such as brain, heart and lungs. Strenum functions to protect heart.
The karyotype reveals that the aliens have a total of 200 chromosomes in each somatic cell. Assuming this alien reproduces sexually, how many chromosomes would its gametes have?
Answer:
100
Explanation:
in sexually reproduction gametes are formed by meiosis where number of chromosome is reduced by half(haploid gametes)
Ms. Jenson is a young woman who routinely uses a variety of herbal products to treat and prevent diseases. She knows there is a strong history of type 2 diabetes in her family and has read on the Internet about drinking black tea to prevent diabetes. She asks you whether you think that would work for her. What should you tell her?Do you think it is a good option for her?What has research shown out black as a preventive treatment for diabities?where could she find evidence based information about this?
Answer:
You should be advised to use it as a complementary natural treatment in addition to insulin or oral hypoglycemic, since it must be based on quality scientific evidence.
For this you can search in search sources such as PUBMED.
Explanation:
Some research maintains that black tea is responsible for stimulating the secretion of insulin by the beta cells of the pancreas
three disadvantages of capture-mark-recapture method?
Answer:
The disadvantages of the given instance are mentioned below.
Explanation:
This analysis seems to be a tool device used to evaluate the proportion of the population.
Disadvantages:
The effectiveness is dependent on a significant portion of the number of people is being recorded. Animal marks may have a drastic impact on either the animals.This approach does indeed have a certain drawback because that's not a very suitable technique.Explain the process of breathing begin with inhalation and describe the route that the air takes to the lungs and what happens when the air reaches the lungs include in your description the terms mouth nose pharynx larynx trachea bronchi lungs alveoli carbon dioxide oxygen and capillaries..... PLEASE HELP PLEASE
Answer:
Please find the detailed explanation below
Explanation:
The breathing process is the process of breathing in, also called inhalation and breathing out, also called exhalation. Inhalation and exhalation are important processes for a smooth respiratory experience.
Air (containing oxygen) from our external environment enter our body system via our MOUTH or NOSE. The air then passes from the PHARYNX into the LARYNX or voice box, which connects into the TRACHEA or wind pipe, which conveys the air into the lungs via its branched tubes called BRONCHI. These pipes that air passes through in order to reach the lungs are generally called AIR WAYS.
Inhalation (breathing in) involves the taking in of air into the LUNGS (main organ of respiration). It occurs when the diaphragm (muscle separating the thorax from abdomen) contracts and moves downward towards the abdomen. This allows the lungs to expand, allowing air to enter into the lungs via the NOSE or MOUTH down the TRACHEA or windpipe.
As soon as air reaches the lungs, the air passes through the bronchi (tubular branches of the trachea) into the ALVEOLI or air sacs. The delivery of oxygen in the inhaled air is carried out in the CAPILLARIES (a blood vessel that carries blood) that surrounds the alveoli. This alveoli conveys oxygen from the lungs into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide out of the bloodstream into the lungs (a process called GAS EXCHANGE).
Breathing out or exhalation of the carbon dioxide in the lungs (waste product of respiration) occurs when the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, causing the lungs to deflate as the carbon dioxide is released through the trachea into the mouth or nose where it leaves the body system.
Which of the following areas indicates the occipital lobe on the diagram below? Region A is the anterior (front) section. Region B is the medial (middle) superior (up) section. Region C is the posterior (back) section. Region D is the medial (middle) inferior (down) section. Region D Region B Region C Region A
Answer:
Region C is the posterior (back) section.
Explanation:
Hope it helps.
The area which indicates the occipital lobe on the diagram below Region C is the posterior (back) section.
What area is present in the occipital lobe?
The occipital lobe is the visible processing area of the brain. It is associated with visuospatial processing, distance and depth detection, color determination, object and facial recognition, and memory formation.
Where can the occipital lobe be found?In the Back Area of each cerebral hemisphere.
Where is the place seen?
occipital lobe
The visual cortex is located in the occipital lobe of the brain and is primarily responsible for interpreting and processing visual information obtained from the eyes. The amount of visual information obtained and processed by the visual cortex is truly large.
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What is binomial nomenclature? a two word system for naming organisms by using the genus and species a two word system for naming organisms by using the family and genus a two word system for naming organisms by using the order and family a two word system for naming organisms by using the domain and species
Answer:
binomial nomenclature is a two word system for naming organisms by using the genus and species .
Explanation:
As the name indicates" bi" two and "nomial" name therefore
binomial nomenclature is a two word system for naming organisms by using the genus and species . it uses both the genus and species of the organism.
The binomial nomenclature consists of a two word system for naming organisms by using the genus and species.
What is the purpose of binomial nomenclature?Binomial nomenclature is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages.
Binomial nomenclature is a binomial system of naming a species. A binomial name is comprised of two parts. They are (1) the generic name (genus name) and (2) the specific name (or specific epithet, in botanical nomenclature). It is often in a Latinized form.
Every recognized species on earth (at least in theory) is given a two-part scientific name. This system is called "binomial nomenclature." These names are important because they allow people throughout the world to communicate unambiguously about animal species.
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You are doing an experiment in which you are using an in vitro translation system derived from rabbit reticulocytes, called a rabbit reticulocyte lysate, to translate mRNA in a test tube. The rabbit reticulocyte lysate contains ribosomes, translation initiation and elongation factors, tRNAs, aminoacyl tRNA synthetases, release factors, amino acids, and ATP. The lysate does not contain any mRNA, so you must add the mRNA you would like to translate to the system. A. When you analyze the proteins made from your lysate, you find that they are all only two amino acids long. At first, you think that there must be a mutation to a stop codon in the position of the third codon, so you do another experiment with a different mRNA. Again, all the newly synthesized proteins are only two amino acids long, so you conclude that there is a problem with some component in your lysate.
Describe ONE possible problem in the translation system (lysate) that would result in the limitation of newly synthesized peptides to two amino acids in length.
Answer:
Problems with transfection efficiency or absence of essential mRNA modifications (capping and poly-A tail)
Explanation:
Translation is the process of protein synthesis from RNA in which the genetic information encoded in a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule is translated into a protein sequence composed of amino acids. Translation has three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. During translation, different elements are required to initiate, continue and complete the process, which include essential molecules such as amino acids, mRNA, tRNAs, ribosomes, energy-carrying molecules (i.e., ATP, GTP), initiation factors (i.e., eIF1A, eIF3, etc) and elongation factors (eEF-2, EIF5A). For example, humans can't synthesize nine essential amino acids (i.e., threonine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, valine, methionine, leucine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine), thereby it is imperative to include these amino acids to synthesize proteins composed of them. On the other hand, it is also fundamental to take into account that the efficiency of transfection of the molecules required during translation, as well as the absence of modifications in the mature mRNA sequence, may alter the process in vitro.
Zoe wants to replace the letters on her diagram with labels that describe how the nerves and muscles communicated with each other to trigger her reflexive response. What should her labels be? Should she eliminate any letters from this pathway?
Hello. This question is incomplete. You forgot to attach the image that completes the question.
The image is attached below:
Answer:
A- Sensory Neuron
B- Spinal cord
C- Effector neuron
D - Brain
Explanation:
Sensory neuron: Its main function is to allow the reception of stimuli that are transformed into nervous impulses and electrical signals, capable of realizing sensations, such as a peliscão, for example. These impulses are transmitted to the spinal cord. Spinal cord: The main function is to support the body in an upright and vertical position. It also has the function of transmitting electrical signals and nerve impulses between some parts of the body and the brain. Effector neuron: Its main function is to receive muscle stimuli capable of creating muscle contractions. These neurons are located in the spinal cord. Brain: the processing center receives all the stimuli sent by the bone marrow. Its main function, in this case, is to produce bodily responses to the stimuli it has received, producing muscle movement.Answer:
A: skin detects sharp nerve
B: spinal cord receives signal from sensory
C: the nerve impulse the muscle to contract
Zoe should remove the the brain from this pathway because a reflexive motor response doesn’t travel to the brain.
Explanation:
Drag each tile to the correct box. Arrange the stages of the frog’s life cycle from first to last. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
You didn't put the answer options, but the frog life cycle phases are:
Mating: In this phase two adult frogs, a male and a female, mate in the water or on plates. At this point, the male frog wraps his arms around the female and overlaps over her back. Spawning: At this point, the female releases the eggs into the water, ready to be fertilized by the males. Fertilization occurs outside the female's body. Eggs: Some fertilized eggs will be devoured by small animals, but those that survive will hatch 7-9 days after fertilization, releasing a frog shape, called a tadpole.Tadpole: It is similar to a fish and is formed by tail, mouth and gills. After 7 days of life, you will be able to swim and feed on algae. Four weeks later he will develop teeth and skin. When he reaches 9 weeks he will begin to change his shape, growing in size and developing head and legs. At that moment it will look more like a frog, but it still has a long tail. Metamorphosis of the fish: Up to twelve weeks of age it will reach the shape of a frog and start to feed on insects. Gradually it will lose its tail and its tongue will grow. The 16 weeks will become an adult frog, being able to mate and restart the cycle.Answer:
The answer is below mark brainlyist
Explanation:
How many more phases occur during meiosis than during mitosis?
none
two
four
six
Answer:
there are 4 more phases that occur during meiosis than mitosis
Answer:
The answer is.....
Explanation:
C. Four
The diagram shows animal and plant cells placed in 3 different types of solutions.
a) Name the 3 types of solutions taking inference from the picture above and explain the process taking place in A
b) When plant cell is placed in solution C, which part prevents it from bursting and how?
c) Name the process by which Amoeba obtains its food
This diagram shows vegetal and animal cells placed in solutions of different concentrations.
a)Solution A is called hypertonic because it has a higher concentration than the cell's cytoplasm. In the animal cell, it causes the water to diffuse out through osmosis. In the plant cell water is lost through the same process but the cell wall remains intact while the membrane reduces in volume.
Solution B is called isotonic because it has around the same concentration as the cytoplasm of the cell. It does not influence the volume of the cell.
Solution C is called hypotonic because it has a lower concentration than the cytoplasm. In the animal cell, it causes the cell to fill with water until it bursts(this process is called cytolysis). In the plant cell water diffuses through the membrane, but the cell doesn't burst.
b)Plant cells have a strong cell wall made of cellulose, hemicellulose and, lignin that prevents cytolysis.
c)Amoeba obtains its food through a process called phagocytosis in which the solid material is engulfed in a vesicle that enters the cell.
Plant cells have a strong cell wall made of cellulose, hemicellulose and, lignin that prevents cytolysis.
What do you mean by cytolysis?Cytolysis, or osmotic lysis, occurs when a cell bursts due to an osmotic imbalance that has caused excess water to diffuse into the cell. Water can enter the cell by diffusion through the cell membrane or through selective membrane.
Cytolysis or osmotic lysis occurs in animal cells and certain bacteria, especially when the cells are exposed to a hypotonic environment, causing the water to move into the cell, thereby increasing or expanding the cell.
When cells burst and die, their contents are released, causing inflammation. Every day, more than 50 billion cells die in our bodies. These are not random events, but part of a finely tuned biological mechanism called programmed cell death.
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An operation to repair inguinal hernia is called:
A. Hernioectomy
B. Herniotomy
C. Herniorrhaphy
D. Haemorrhoidectomy
Answer:
I think the answer would be option C
HERNIORRHAPY
Alternative to glucose based cellular respiration
Answer:
Cellular respiration is defined as a metabolic reaction occurs in cells, in which chemical energy from glucose is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
The alternative to glucose based cellular respiration is fermentation in which energy is produced from the oxidation of organic compounds, such as glucose from within a cell as "electron acceptors".
Most mornings, Randy listens to his favorite song as he gets ready for work, including putting in his contacts. One afternoon, Randy hears his
favorite song playing, and his eyes start watering... something that usually happens only when he puts his contacts in. This is an example of
classical conditioning. What is the unconditioned stimulus?
a. eye watering
b. the contacts
c. the song
d. getting ready for work
Correct answer is B!
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If you see meaning of "Unconditioned stimulus", you will see the right answer, firstly what does "Unconditioned Stimulus" means, it means any stimulus that naturally evokes a specific response; see also conditioning. If I would go with choices I would choose correct answer B.
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Hope this helps!
Brainliest would be great!
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I COULD BE WRONG, IF I'M PLEASE CORRECT ME!
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With all care,
07x12!
A cell that is diploid and will not be used to create a zygote is called a ________ cell. A. homologous B. somatic C. haploid D. gamete
Answer:B. somatic
Explanation:
.
In a cell with defective chaperones, Question 14 options: proteins would not be able to exit the ribosome. the concentration of misfolded proteins would be higher than normal. proteins would not be delivered to their appropriate cellular locations. ribosomes would not associate with the endoplasmic reticulum.
Answer:
the concentration of misfolded proteins would be higher than normal.
Explanation:
Chaperones proteins are required for the correct protein folding of proteins. These proteins were first discovered in bacteria. The level of chaperones is increased under thermic stress conditions, it is for that reason that they are also known as heat shock proteins (Hsp). For example, Hsp70 is a chaperon protein constitutively expressed under stress conditions that is involved in the folding of protein precursors and the refolding of misfolded proteins. In humans, Hsp70 is encoded by the HSPA1A gene, and its increased expression level is related to different health problems including neurodegenerative diseases, cerebral ischemia and epilepsy.
Why is it important to classify the millions of species on Earth? to have common names that everyone can remember to more easily sequence their genetic material to devise scientific names that only scientists can learn to organize them and speak about them accurately
Answer:
to organize them and speak about them accurately
Explanation:
There are millions of species that exist on Earth. Many of them are yet to be discovered. They are named and classified into specific groups. This helps in organizing each specie according to the characteristics, and traits. The classification is done to show the hierarchy and focuses on the relationships that the organisms possess with other organisms about evolution. Classification helps in identifying and analyzing any specific specie accurately and particularly.
Answer:
The answer is D.
Explanation:
The first person who answered this was correct.
Which of the following statements is true if a cell has a moderate number of mitochondria, well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, many ribosomes, a well-developed Golgi complex, and no secretory vesicles?
a. This cell function is to produce steroids
b. There would need to be fatty acids and glycerol in the cytoplasm
c. The product made in this cell would be exported from the cell
d. There are moderate energy demands in this cell
e. There would need to be amino acid in the cytoplasm of cell
Answer: Option D.
There are moderate energy demands in this cell
Explanation:
The rough endoplasmic recticulum is an organelles in the cell that has many RIBOSOMES. These RIBOSOMES are important for the synthesis of proteins. And the Golgi apparathus is responsible for protein modifications into different functions after receiving it from rough endoplasmic recticulum
But without secretory vessicles, Amino acids will not be transported in the cell. Without it been transported, there is moderate demands in the cell because energy is required to transport and modify proteins by the secretory vessicles. Mitochondria is the power House of the cell or it produce energy, moderate number of mitochondria means that moderate or few energy will be supply to the cell organelles for proper functioning and processes because energy is required for cellular activities.
Which of the following is the best definition of osmosis?
A.
Transport of molecules across the cell membrane that requires the use of energy in the form of ATP
B.
The movement of molecules across the cell membrane from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration
C.
The movement of water across the cell membrane from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
D.
Transport of substances that requires the cell membrane to pinch around the substance, forming a vesicle
Answer:
Option B ( the movement of molecules across the cell membrane form areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration)
Hope this helps and pls mark as brainliest : )
Water flowing across the cell membrane from high concentration areas to low concentration areas
The correct answer is C
What is the purpose of a cell membrane?A membrane that separates the interior from the outside environment is present in every cell. The term "cell membrane" or "plasma membrane" refers to this membrane. The cell membrane is composed of a semipermeable liquid layer. Materials are moved into and out of cells under the regulation of the cell membrane.
Cell membrane is composed of what?Proteins and lipids make up cell membranes. Only specific things can get through them because lipids make up the majority of their composition. The sort of lipid that is most prevalent in the membrane is called phospholipid. The outer layer and the inner layer make up phospholipids.
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You have a nutrient broth, an agar slant, and an agar plate with bacterial growth in or on each. If you wanted to evaluate the macroscopic appearance of the bacteria growing in or on the medium, which of the cultures would be the best choice?
A. Agar slant
B. Broth
C. Agar plate
Answer:
The best option would be breeding ground.
Explanation:
The broths of culture show us better the macroscopy of the colonies of the bacteria, that is to say the forms of the bacterial groups, some bacteria are usually circular, others lunar, etc.
On the other hand, the environment in which you want to develop a bacterium depends fundamentally on its metabolism, since some should be analyzed on blood agar, or other means, which is why this response is considered very subjective.
(a).
Describe how you could safely
test for starch in potatoes
Answer:
In the presence of starch, iodine turns black.
Explanation:
It is possible to distinguish starch from glucose using iodine solution.
Hope it helps.
Okay.
Stay safe.
Thanks.
compare the innate and adaptive responses to repeated challenge with the same antigen by sketching the immune response curve over time
Answer:
Innate immunity is defined as the first line of defense against infections and faster than adaptive immunity while adaptive immunity is second or third line of defense mediated by the T and B lymphocytes.
Adaptive immunity forms memory cells for the same antigen while innate immunity do not.
As shown in the graph below, when an antigen enter in the body for the first time, our immune system response with innate immunity and response immediately with several symptoms such as sneezing, swelling or redness et-cetra. Then after few days adaptive immunity forms which is mediated by the T and B lymphocytes by forming against the antigen.
Now if the body exposed to the same antigen again (Secondary exposure), the immune system shows amplified response as it has already formed memory cells against the antigen.