I need help with this!! it’s due by the end of the day


The second question asks “What is the percentage of water in the hydrated sample?”

A 9.5 l container at 1.7 atm has 0.50 mol C₃H₆ , a vander waal gas, the temperature will be 393.65 K.

The formula of ideal gas equation is

PV= nRT

where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, n is the no of moles of gas, R is gas constant and T is the temperature.

Here,

P=1.7 atm

V= 9.5 l

n= 0.50 mol

Converting 1.7 atm into Kpa

P= 1.7 atm × 101.325 Kpa/1 atm

P=172.2525 KPa

Putting these values in the equation PV=nRT

172.2525 KPa × 9.5 l = 0.5 mol×8.314 l.KPa/mol.K.T

⇒1636.39875 l. KPa= 4.157 l.KPa/ K.T

⇒T= 393.6489

⇒T= 393.65 approx

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The correct option is a. 453 kPa

To find the partial pressure of fluorine in the given mixture of gases, we need to use the ideal gas law, which relates the pressure (P), volume (V), number of moles (n), and temperature (T) of a gas.

PV = nRT

where R is the gas constant.

First, we need to calculate the total number of moles of gas in the vessel:

[tex]n_t_o_t_a_l[/tex] = [tex]n_N[/tex]₂ + [tex]n_F[/tex]₂ + [tex]n_H[/tex]₂

[tex]n_t_o_t_a_l[/tex] = 3.0 mol + 2.0 mol + 1.0 mol

[tex]n_t_o_t_a_l[/tex] = 6.0 mol

Next, we need to calculate the total pressure of the gas mixture using the ideal gas law:

[tex]P_t_o_t_a_l[/tex]= ([tex]n_t_o_t_a_l[/tex] * R * T) / V

where T = 273 K and V = 5.0 L. The gas constant R has a value of 8.31 J/mol K.

[tex]P_t_o_t_a_l[/tex]= (6.0 mol * 8.31 J/mol K * 273 K) / 5.0 L

[tex]P_t_o_t_a_l[/tex] = 269.9 kPa

Now, we can use Dalton's law of partial pressures, which states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases:

[tex]P_t_o_t_a_l[/tex]= [tex]P_N[/tex]₂ + [tex]P_F[/tex]₂ + [tex]P_H[/tex]₂

We are given the number of moles of each gas, so we can calculate the mole fraction of fluorine:

[tex]X_F[/tex]₂ = n_F₂ / n_total

[tex]X_F[/tex]₂ = 2.0 mol / 6.0 mol

[tex]X_F[/tex]₂ = 0.333

The mole fraction of fluorine is 0.333, so we can use it to calculate the partial pressure of fluorine:

[tex]P_F[/tex]₂ = [tex]X_F[/tex]₂* [tex]P_t_o_t_a_l[/tex]

[tex]P_F[/tex]₂ = 0.333 * 269.9 kPa

[tex]P_F[/tex]₂= 90.0 kPa

Therefore, the partial pressure of fluorine in the mixture of gases is 90.0 kPa or 0.90 atm.

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We need to add 300 mL of the 85% alcohol mixture to the 375 mL of the 40% alcohol mixture to obtain 675 mL of a 60% alcohol solution.

Let x be the volume (in mL) of the 85% alcohol mixture that we need to add.

To obtain a 60% alcohol solution, we need to use the following equation, which states that the amount of pure alcohol in the final mixture is equal to the sum of the amounts of pure alcohol in each of the initial mixtures:

0.40(375) + 0.85x = 0.60(375 + x)

Simplifying and solving for x, we get:

150 + 0.85x = 225 + 0.60x

0.25x = 75

x = 300

Therefore, we need to add 300 mL of the 85% alcohol mixture to the 375 mL of the 40% alcohol mixture to obtain 675 mL of a 60% alcohol solution.

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The mass percent of chlorine in Iron(II) chloride is 55.93%.

Iron(II) chloride is a chemical compound that has the formula FeCl₂. It is also known as ferrous chloride. Iron(II) chloride is an ionic compound. It is made up of positively charged iron ions (Fe2+) and negatively charged chloride ions (Cl−).The formula mass of FeCl₂ can be calculated as follows:

Formula mass of FeCl₂ = Atomic mass of Fe + (Atomic mass of Cl × 2)

Formula mass of FeCl₂ = 55.85 + (35.45 × 2) = 126.75.

The mass percent of chlorine in Iron(II) chloride can be calculated using the following formula:

Mass percent of chlorine = (Mass of Cl in FeCl₂ ÷ Formula mass of FeCl₂) × 100%

The mass of chlorine in one mole of FeCl₂ is equal to the product of the number of chlorine atoms in one mole of FeCl₂ and the atomic mass of chlorine.The number of chlorine atoms in one mole of FeCl₂ is 2, and the atomic mass of chlorine is 35.45.

Mass of Cl in FeCl₂ = Number of Cl atoms × Atomic mass of Cl

Mass of Cl in FeCl₂ = 2 × 35.45 = 70.9

Now, let's substitute the mass of chlorine and the formula mass of FeCl₂ into the formula to calculate the mass percent of chlorine. Mass percent of chlorine = (Mass of Cl in FeCl₂ ÷ Formula mass of FeCl₂) × 100%

Mass percent of chlorine = (70.9 ÷ 126.75) × 100% = 0.5593 × 100% = 55.93%.

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The reduced mass of NaCl= 14.45 amu.

moment of inertia= [tex]= 0.809 \times 10^{-43} kg m^2[/tex]

E value For J=1 is E(1) = 0.360 [tex]cm^{-1}[/tex] and for J=2 is E(2) = 0.720[tex]cm^{-1}[/tex]

To find the reduced mass and moment of inertia of a diatomic molecule like NaCl, we need to know the masses of the two atoms (Na and Cl) and the equilibrium internuclear distance.

The mass of Na is approximately 23 atomic mass units (amu), while the mass of Cl is approximately 35 amu.

The reduced mass of the system can be calculated using the following formula:

μ [tex]= m_1m_2 / (m_1 + m_2)[/tex]

where [tex]m_1[/tex] and [tex]m_2[/tex] are the masses of the two atoms.

μ = (23 amu x 35 amu) / (23 amu + 35 amu)

= 14.45 amu

The moment of inertia of a diatomic molecule is given by the formula:

[tex]I = \mu r^2[/tex]

where μ is the reduced mass of the system and r is the internuclear distance.

[tex]I = 14.45 amu \times (236 pm)^2[/tex]

[tex]= 0.809 \times 10^{-43} kg m^2[/tex]

To find the values of E for the states with J=1 and J=2, we need to know the rotational constant (B) of the molecule. The rotational constant is related to the moment of inertia by the formula:

[tex]B = h / (8\pi^2cI)[/tex]

where h is Planck's constant, c is the speed of light, and I is the moment of inertia.

[tex]B = (6.626\times 10^{-34} J s) / (8\pi^2\times 3\times 10^8 m/s \times0.809\times 10^{-43} kg m^2)[/tex]

[tex]= 0.180 cm^{-1}[/tex]

The energy of a rotational state with quantum number J is given by the formula:

E(J) = B J(J+1)

For J=1, E(1) = 0.360 [tex]cm^{-1}[/tex]

For J=2, E(2) = 0.720[tex]cm^{-1}[/tex]

Note: The values of E are very small because they correspond to rotational transitions, which typically have lower energies than electronic transitions.

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Nitric acid is created by the Ostwald process. Platinum is utilised as a catalyst. Nowadays, catalysts consisting of 90% platinum and 10% rhodium are in use. The temperature is 800 °C.

The first phase in Ostwald's method for producing nitric acid includes oxidising ammonia gas with oxygen gas to produce nitric oxide gas and steam.

Significant steps in the Ostwald process: A catalytic chamber is filled from the top with a 1:10 combination of ammonia and clean, filtered air.

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Sulfuric acid is added to Fischer's esterification reaction as an acid catalyst to increase the pace of the reaction while also going about as a drying-out specialist.

The Fischer esterification is an acid-catalyzed harmony reaction. The reaction proceeds slowly and adding sulfuric acid increases the pace of the reaction. Concentrated sulfuric acid is used to give the greatest yield to the item.

Fischer esterification or Fischer-Speier esterification is a special sort of esterification by refluxing a carboxylic acid and a liquor in the presence of an acid catalyst. The reaction was first described by Emil Fischer and Arthur Speier in 1895. Fischer esterification is a natural reaction used to change a carboxylic acid and a liquor over completely to an ester using a strong acid catalyst. It is also known as Fischer-Speier Esterification.

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The theoretical yield (g) of `CaS` that could be prepared from `1.94 g` of `Ca(s)` and `3.40 g` of `S8` is `0.958 g`.

Mass of calcium (Ca) = 1.94 g

Mass of sulfur (S) = 3.40 g

The reaction is,

`Ca(s) + S8 -> CaS(s)`

Molar mass of Ca = 40 g/mol

Molar mass of S8 = 8 × 32.06 g/mol = 256.48 g/mol

As per the reaction 1 mol of Ca reacts with 1 mol of S8 to yield 1 mol of CaS. So, from 1 mol of Ca, we get 1 mol of CaS. Hence, from `40 g` of Ca, we get `CaS of 80 g`.

Now, calculating the number of moles of Ca, we have

`(1.94 g)/(40 g/mol)`= `0.0484 mol`

Calculating the number of moles of S, we have

`(3.40 g)/(256.48 g/mol)`= `0.01326 mol`

From the balanced equation, it is seen that 1 mole of Ca reacts with 1 mole of S to form 1 mole of CaS. Since S is the limiting reactant, 0.01326 moles of CaS can be obtained from 0.01326 moles of S. 1 mole of CaS weighs

40 + 32.06 = 72.06 g.

So, `0.01326 mol` of CaS weighs `0.958 g`. Hence, the theoretical yield of `CaS` is `0.958 g`.

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The set of quantum numbers for an electron in a 7d {x²-y²} orbital would be:

n = 7, l = 2, m_l = ±2, m_s = ±1/2

The principal quantum number, n, describes the energy level of the electron, which in this case is 7 since the electron is in the seventh energy level. The angular momentum quantum number, l, describes the shape of the orbital, which for a d orbital can range from 0 to 2. The magnetic quantum number, m_l, describes the orientation of the orbital in space, which for a d orbital can range from -l to +l. Since the orbital in question is {x²-y²}, it has two lobes that lie along the x- and y-axes and two lobes that lie along the z-axis, which corresponds to m_l = ±2. Finally, the spin quantum number, m_s, describes the direction of the electron's spin, which can be either +1/2 or -1/2.

It's worth noting that electrons in the same orbital must have different spin quantum numbers, according to the Pauli exclusion principle. Therefore, the two electrons in the 7d {x²-y²} orbital would have opposite spin quantum numbers, i.e. one would have m_s = +1/2 and the other would have m_s = -1/2.

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1) The structure of the compound shows that two carbons are bonded and chiral,

2) they are not superimposable and

3) no plane of symmetry exists between them.

4) Yes, trans-1,2-dibromocyclopentane can exist as a pair of enantiomers.

To construct a model of trans-1,2-dibromo cyclopentane and its mirror image, the structure  of the compound is need to be known. Here's the structural formula of trans-1,2-dibromocyclopentane:

Br         H

|         |

Br         H

 \     /

  C=C

  | |

  C-C

  | |

  C-C

  | |

  C-C

  | |

  H H

There are two carbons in trans-1,2-dibromocyclopentane that are chiral, bonded to four different groups. They are the two carbons in the cyclopentane ring that are not part of the double bond.

No, the molecules are not superimposable. If we try to align the two molecules, we'll find that the bromine atoms on one molecule will not align with the hydrogen atoms on the other molecule.

No, there is no plane of symmetry in the molecule. If we try to draw a plane that would divide the molecule into two equal halves, we'll find that it is not possible without cutting through at least one of the chiral carbons.

Yes, trans-1,2-dibromocyclopentane can exist as a pair of enantiomers. Since there are two chiral carbons in the molecule, there are four possible stereoisomers. However, since the molecule has a plane of symmetry, two of these stereoisomers are identical to their mirror image, and therefore achiral. The remaining two stereoisomers are enantiomers, meaning they are mirror images of each other and cannot be superimposed.

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The concentration of OH- after neutralization is greater than the concentration of HNO₂, and therefore the pH of the solution is greater than 7.

The balanced net ionic equation for the neutralization of equimolar amounts of HNO₂ and KOH is:

HNO₂ (aq) + OH- (aq) → NO₂⁻ (aq) + H₂O (l)

After the neutralization, the resulting solution contains the NO₂⁻ ion, which is the conjugate base of HNO₂. Since HNO₂ is a weak acid (with a pKa of 3.15, according to appendix c), the NO₂⁻ ion is a weak base. The reaction of NO₂⁻- with water is:

NO₂⁻ (aq) + H₂O (l) ⇌ HNO₂ (aq) + OH⁻- (aq)

The equilibrium constant for this reaction is Kb = [HNO₂][OH-] / [NO₂⁻].

Since NO₂⁻ is a weak base, the concentration of OH- after neutralization is greater than the concentration of HNO₂, and therefore the pH of the solution is greater than 7.

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We  need 32.63% less air than the stoichiometric amount to limit the temperature of the products to 825°C.

To solve this problem, we need to use the stoichiometry of the combustion reaction of hexane with air. The balanced equation for the combustion of hexane is:

2 C6H14 + 19 O2 → 12 CO2 + 14 H2O

This equation tells us that for every 2 moles of hexane (C6H14) that react, we need 19 moles of oxygen (O2) to react completely. However, the problem asks for the amount of excess air, which means we need to add more than the stoichiometric amount of oxygen to ensure complete combustion and limit the temperature of the products.

To find the amount of excess air, we can use the air-fuel ratio (AFR), which is the ratio of the mass of air to the mass of fuel (in this case, hexane) required for complete combustion. The AFR for hexane is:

AFR = (mass of air) / (mass of hexane)

Using the molecular weights of hexane and air, we can convert the AFR to a molar ratio:

AFR = (moles of air) / (moles of hexane)

We can then use this molar ratio to calculate the amount of excess air required. Let's start by calculating the AFR:

Mass of hexane = 1 mole x 86.18 g/mol = 86.18 g

Mass of air = 19 moles x 28.96 g/mol = 550.24 g

AFR = 550.24 g / 86.18 g = 6.39

This tells us that we need 6.39 moles of air for every mole of hexane to ensure complete combustion. To limit the temperature of the products to 825°C, we need to add excess air. The amount of excess air can be expressed as a percentage of the theoretical amount of air required:

Excess air = ((actual moles of air) - (stoichiometric moles of air)) / (stoichiometric moles of air) x 100%

We can calculate the actual moles of air required by multiplying the AFR by the moles of hexane:

Actual moles of air = 6.39 x 1 mole = 6.39 moles

To calculate the stoichiometric moles of air required, we use the balanced equation:

2 C6H14 + 19 O2 → 12 CO2 + 14 H2O

For 1 mole of hexane, we need 19/2 moles of oxygen, or 9.5 moles of air:

Stoichiometric moles of air = 9.5 moles

Plugging in the values, we get:

Excess air = ((6.39 moles) - (9.5 moles)) / (9.5 moles) x 100% = -32.63%

This means that we actually need 32.63% less air than the stoichiometric amount to limit the temperature of the products to 825°C. However, this result is negative, which means it doesn't make physical sense. It's likely that there is an error in the problem statement or that some additional information is needed to solve the problem correctly.

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The buffer solution has a pH of 4.85.

To determine the pH of the buffer solution, we first need to calculate the concentration of both the conjugate acid (acetic acid) and conjugate base (sodium acetate) in the solution. Using the given information, we can calculate the concentrations as follows:

[acetic acid] = 0.11 mol/1.00 L = 0.11 M

[sodium acetate] = 0.14 mol/1.00 L = 0.14 M

Next, we need to determine the pKa of acetic acid, which is given as 1.8 x 10⁻⁵. We can use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to calculate the pH of the buffer solution:

pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA])

where [A-] is the concentration of the conjugate base and [HA] is the concentration of the conjugate acid.

Substituting the values into the equation, we get:

pH = 4.74 + log(0.14/0.11) = 4.85

Therefore, the pH of the buffer solution is 4.85.

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The minimum mass of  [tex]CaSO_{4}[/tex](s) needed to achieve equilibrium in a 1.7 L solution is approximately 4.08 grams.

Step 1: Find the solubility of  [tex]CaSO_{4}[/tex] in water at the given temperature.

The solubility of  [tex]CaSO_{4}[/tex] in water at room temperature is approximately 2.4 grams per liter (g/L).

Step 2: Calculate the amount of  [tex]CaSO_{4}[/tex] that will dissolve in 1.7 L of water.

Use the solubility value from Step 1:
Amount of  [tex]CaSO_{4}[/tex] = Solubility × Volume
Amount of  [tex]CaSO_{4}[/tex] = 2.4 g/L × 1.7 L
Amount of  [tex]CaSO_{4}[/tex]4 ≈ 4.08 grams

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Effective nuclear charge is always lesser than the actual nuclear charge because of the inner core electrons shielding outer core electrons. so, the statement given is false.

The effective nuclear charge is said to be the the actual amount of positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom. It is defined as the net positive charge pulling these electrons towards the nucleus. The stronger the pull on the outermost electrons that is valence electrons towards the nucleus, the higher the effective nuclear charge.

It is the magnitude of positive charge in an atom from the pull on the valence electrons towards the positively charged nucleus. An increase in atomic number associated with a decrease in atomic radius will result in a higher effective nuclear charge of an electron. It increases with increasing atom number and with decreasing atomic radius as you go across a period.

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Answer:

It's 1.0407 Kilograms of oxygen (O2) in that container

Explanation:

according to ideal gas law:

[tex]PV = nRT[/tex]

P: pressure, V: volume, n: moles, R: gas constant = 0.0821, T: temperature in Kelvin

Temperature in Kelvin = Temperature in Celsius + 273
Gas constant (R) is changed by changing pressure units (while using atm,   R = 0.0821 atm•L/mol•K )

by substituting with given data:

[tex]15.7 * 50 = n*0.0821*(21+273)[/tex]

[tex]n = \frac{50*15.7}{0.0821 * 294} = 32.522 mol[/tex]

So, O2 mass (Molar mass of O2 = 32 g/mol) = 32.522 * 32 = 1040.709 grams = 1.0407 kilograms

Answer:

Explanation:

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and water (H2O) are both compounds made up of hydrogen and oxygen, but they have different chemical structures and properties.

Water is a simple compound made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom that are covalently bonded together. Water is a polar molecule, which means that it has a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom. This polarity allows water molecules to interact with each other and other polar substances, making it an excellent solvent for many substances.

Hydrogen peroxide, on the other hand, is a compound made up of two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms that are covalently bonded together. The two oxygen atoms are bonded together in a single covalent bond, while the other oxygen atom is bonded to one of the hydrogen atoms. Hydrogen peroxide is a highly reactive and unstable compound that readily decomposes into water and oxygen gas. It is often used as a disinfectant or bleaching agent due to its strong oxidizing properties.

In summary, the main differences between hydrogen peroxide and water are their chemical structures and properties. Water is a simple, stable, and polar molecule, while hydrogen peroxide is a more complex and reactive compound with oxidizing properties.

When the "show polar molecules" inset checkbox is selected, polar molecules are highlighted in a different color from nonpolar molecules. This allows us to observe the effect of polarity on intermolecular forces between molecules.

Polar molecules have a permanent dipole moment due to the electronegativity difference between the atoms in the molecule. This means that there is an uneven distribution of electrons, with one end of the molecule being more negative (due to the presence of a lone pair of electrons or a more electronegative atom) and the other end being more positive.

The presence of these dipoles results in the formation of dipole-dipole interactions, which are stronger than the London dispersion forces that nonpolar molecules experience. The greater the polarity of a molecule, the stronger the dipole-dipole interactions will be.

Therefore, when observing the polar molecules inset, we can see that polar molecules tend to be clustered together, forming stronger intermolecular forces than nonpolar molecules. This clustering can lead to higher boiling points, increased solubility in polar solvents, higher viscosity, and higher surface tension due to the stronger intermolecular forces between molecules.

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Answer:

3.6 g

Explanation:

No. of moles = No. of atoms / Avogadro's No.

= 6.02 × 10^22 / 6.02 × 10^23

= 0.1 moles of argon

No. of moles = mass/ molar mass

molar mass of argon = 36 g/mol

Therefore, mass of argon = No. of moles × molar mass

= 0.1 × 36

= 3.6 g of argon

The product obtained after the intramolecular aldol reaction of 2-pentanone (C5H10O) with a strong base is a six-membered cyclic ring with a double bond and an alcohol group.

When treated with a base, the compound C11H18O undergoes an intramolecular aldol reaction to give a product containing a ring. To propose a structure for this product, follow these steps:

The product structure is shown below: Thus, the product obtained after the intramolecular aldol reaction of 2-pentanone (C5H10O) with a strong base is a six-membered cyclic ring with a double bond and an alcohol group.

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the reaction would result in 1 mole of aluminium chloride and 3 moles of water from a starting mole of 1 mole of powdered aluminium hydroxide, which would require 3 moles of hydrochloric acid to thoroughly react with it.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between powdered aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) is:

[tex]2 Al(OH)3 + 6 HCl \rightarrow 2 AlCl3 + 6 H2O[/tex]

This equation shows that 2 moles of aluminum hydroxide react with 6 moles of hydrochloric acid to produce [tex]2[/tex] moles of aluminum chloride and [tex]6[/tex] moles of water.

The mole ratio between aluminum hydroxide and hydrochloric acid is 1:3, and the mole ratio between aluminum chloride and water is also 1:3, as per the stoichiometry of the balanced equation.

Therefore, if you start with 1 mole of powdered aluminum hydroxide, you would need 3 moles of hydrochloric acid to completely react with it, and the resulting reaction would produce 1 mole of aluminum chloride and 3 moles of water.

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Correct option is option C, C-O σ* bond.

Let's discuss it further below.

SNAc is an acronym for substitution nucleophilic acyl cyclic mechanism. The SNAc mechanism describes a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which an acyl group is transferred between two molecules, forming a cyclic intermediate.

In this reaction, the LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) is the antibonding molecular orbital of the C-O σ bond, represented as C-O σ*.

This is because the LUMO is the orbital that accepts electrons during the nucleophilic attack, and the C-O σ* bond is the antibonding orbital involved in the breaking of the bond between the carbonyl carbon and the oxygen of the ester. Therefore, the correct answer is option C, C-O σ* bond.

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Xenon is the most reactive non-radioactive noble gas because it has the lowest ionization energy among the noble gases.

This means that it requires the least amount of energy to remove an electron from a xenon atom, making it more likely to form chemical bonds with other elements, such as oxygen and fluorine.

Xenon also has a relatively large atomic radius, which allows oxygen and fluorine atoms to bond with it without being too crowded. This is important because the noble gases typically do not form chemical bonds with other elements due to their stable electron configurations and small atomic radii.

Additionally, xenon has a higher electronegativity and electron affinity compared to other noble gases, which also contributes to its reactivity. Electronegativity refers to an atom's ability to attract electrons, while electron affinity refers to an atom's tendency to accept electrons. Both of these properties can make an atom more likely to form chemical bonds with other elements.

Overall, the combination of xenon's low ionization energy, large atomic radius, high electronegativity, and electron affinity make it a relatively reactive noble gas, capable of forming compounds with oxygen and fluorine.

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Answer:

a. 0.37 mol SO₂

Explanation:

The number of moles in a sample can be calculated by dividing the mass of the sample by its molar mass. In this case, the number of moles of SO₂ in a 23.8 g sample would be:

23.8 g SO₂ × (1 mol SO₂ / 64 g SO₂) = 0.37 mol SO₂

So the correct answer is (a) 0.37 mol SO₂.

When a diprotic acid is titrated with a strong base, and the Ka1 and Ka2 are significantly different, then the pH vs. volume plot of the titration will have: two distinct equivalence points. The answer is C.

There are two distinct steps in the titration curve, the first equivalence point is the point at which the base has reacted with all of the H+ ions from the first acidic hydrogen, while the second equivalence point is the point at which the base has reacted with all of the H+ ions from the second acidic hydrogen.

The pH at the first equivalence point will be less than 7, and the pH at the second equivalence point will be greater than 7, indicating that the solution is acidic for the first equivalence point and basis for the second equivalence point.

The Ka1 and Ka2 values for diprotic acids are typically different because the first hydrogen ion is more strongly bound to the molecule than the second hydrogen ion, resulting in different dissociation constants for each hydrogen ion.

Therefore, the pH vs. volume plot of the titration of a diprotic acid with a strong base will have two distinct equivalence points if Ka1 and Ka2 are significantly different.

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The given compound O=O does not have any hydrogen atoms, so it will not produce any signals in an HNMR spectrum. Therefore, the correct answer is "none of the above".

In NMR spectroscopy, signals appear as peaks in a spectrum that correspond to the resonant frequency of the hydrogen atoms in a molecule. The number of signals produced in an HNMR spectrum is determined by the number of unique sets of chemically equivalent hydrogen atoms in a molecule.

Hence, the absence of hydrogen atoms in the O=O compound means that there will be no signals produced in an HNMR spectrum.

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This polystyrene molecule is roughly 173 percent polymerized.

Multiply the molecular weight of the monomer by the polymer's molecular mass. Tetrafluoroethylene, for instance, has a molecular mass of 1,20,000; its degree of polymerization is computed as 1,20,000 / 100 = 1,200. Hence, 1,200 is the degree of polymerization.

A polymer called polystyrene is created by repeating units of styrene monomers. By dividing the molar mass of the styrene monomer by the quantity of monomer units (degree of polymerization) present in the polymer, one may get the molar mass of polystyrene, which is 18,000 g/mol.

Let's call the styrene monomer's molar mass M. Then, we may create the following equation:

18,000 g/mol = M × n

where n is the degree of polymerization (the number of monomer units).

Rearranging the equation, we can solve for n:

n = 18,000 g/mol ÷ M

The periodic chart shows the molar mass of styrene as the total of the atomic masses of its component elements as follows:

M(styrene) = 104.15 g/mol (28.05 g/mol for carbon x 8 + 1.01 g/mol for hydrogen x 8)

When we enter this number into the equation, we obtain:

n = 18,000 g/mol ÷ 104.15 g/mol ≈ 173

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