Answer:
Many people have a qualitative idea of what is meant by concentration. Anyone who has made instant coffee or lemonade knows that too much powder gives a strongly flavored, highly concentrated drink, whereas too little results in a dilute solution that may be hard to distinguish from water. In chemistry, the concentration of a solution is the quantity of a solute that is contained in a particular quantity of solvent or solution. Knowing the concentration of solutes is important in controlling the stoichiometry of reactants for solution reactions. Chemists use many different methods to define concentrations, some of which are described in this section.
Molarity
The most common unit of concentration is molarity, which is also the most useful for calculations involving the stoichiometry of reactions in solution. The molarity (M) is defined as the number of moles of solute present in exactly 1 L of solution. It is, equivalently, the number of millimoles of solute present in exactly 1 mL of solution:
molarity=molesofsolutelitersofsolution=mmolesofsolutemillilitersofsolution(4.5.1)
(4.5.1)molarity=molesofsolutelitersofsolution=mmolesofsolutemillilitersofsolution
The units of molarity are therefore moles per liter of solution (mol/L), abbreviated as MM . An aqueous solution that contains 1 mol (342 g) of sucrose in enough water to give a final volume of 1.00 L has a sucrose concentration of 1.00 mol/L or 1.00 M. In chemical notation, square brackets around the name or formula of the solute represent the molar concentration of a solute. Therefore,
[sucrose]=1.00M(4.5.2)
(4.5.2)[sucrose]=1.00M
is read as “the concentration of sucrose is 1.00 molar.” The relationships between volume, molarity, and moles may be expressed as either
VLMmol/L=L(molL)=moles(4.5.3)
(4.5.3)VLMmol/L=L(molL)=moles
or
VmLMmmol/mL=mL(mmolmL)=mmoles(4.5.4)
(4.5.4)VmLMmmol/mL=mL(mmolmL)=mmoles
Figure 4.5.14.5.1 illustrates the use of Equations 4.5.34.5.3 and 4.5.44.5.4 .
alt
Figure 4.5.14.5.1 : Preparation of a Solution of Known Concentration Using a Solid Solute
Example 4.5.14.5.1 : Calculating Moles from Concentration of NaOH
Calculate the number of moles of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in 2.50 L of 0.100 M NaOH.
Given: identity of solute and volume and molarity of solution
Asked for: amount of solute in moles
Strategy:
Use either Equation 4.5.34.5.3 or Equation 4.5.44.5.4 , depending on the units given in the problem.
Solution:
Because we are given the volume of the solution in liters and are asked for the number of moles of substance, Equation 4.5.34.5.3 is more useful:
molesNaOH=VLMmol/L=(2.50L)(0.100molL)=0.250molNaOHmolesNaOH=VLMmol/L=(2.50L)(0.100molL)=0.250molNaOH
Exercise 4.5.14.5.1 : Calculating Moles from Concentration of Alanine
Calculate the number of millimoles of alanine, a biologically important molecule, in 27.2 mL of 1.53 M alanine.
The activity of a radioisotope is 3000 counts per minute at one time and 2736 counts per minute 48 hours later. What is the half-life, in hours, of the radioisotope
The activity of a radioisotope is 3000 counts per minute at one time and 2736 counts per minute 48 hours later, then the half life time is 365 hours.
How do we calculate the half life time?Half life time for the first order reaction will be calculated by uisng the below equation as:
k = 0.693/t, where
t = half life time
k is the rate constant and its value will be calculatedy using the below equation as:
ln(No/N) = kT, where
No = initial concentration of radioisotope = 3000
N = remaining contentration of radioisotope = 2736
T = time require for above change = 48 hours
On putting these values on above equation, we get
k = ln(3000/2736) / 48 = 0.0019
Now putting this value in the first equation, we get
t = 0.693/0.0019 = 364.7 = 365 hours
Hence half life time is 365 hours.
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The _______ is the part of the neuron that carries information away from the cell body.
cell body
axon
dendrite
nucleus
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Explain how the law of conservation of mass allows you to interpret a balanced chemical equation in terms of mass.
Balancing the coefficients means that the number of atoms are the same on each side which means that the masses of reactants and products are equal.
Hope this helps :))
Energy Transformation: A home is heated with geothermal energy
(What energy forms are used and how do they go from each form to get to the final form)
Answer: they convert heat to electricity.
Explanation:
Help asap and correct answer
The diagram below shows the branching tree diagram for cats. (5 points)
A slanting, horizontal line is shown. On the extreme left, there is a label that says Common Ancestor. Along the slanting, horizontal line there are five dots labeled from left to right with the following traits Four limbs, Amniotic egg, Fur, Shearing teeth, and Retractable claws. There is one vertical line between each of the consecutive five dots. The lines are labeled from the from left to right as Amphibians, Reptiles, Marsupials, Dogs, Cats.
Which characteristic is shared by the greatest number of organisms?
Amniotic egg
Four limbs
Fur
Retractable claws
The difference in temperature of the two glasses of water is 30°C. What is their difference in temperature on the Kelvin scale?
A. 30 K C. 243 K
B. 86 K D. 303 K
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Because 30c is kevin and add 303+30=333-30=303
The difference in temperature of the two glasses of water is 30°C. The difference in temperature on the Kelvin scale is 86 K D. 303 K. Therefore, option B is correct.
What is temperature ?The term temperature is refer to the degree of hotness or coldness of an object.Temperature is measured with a thermometer. Temperature is the measure of average kinetic energy of a system.
There are main three different scales are commonly used to measure temperature that are Fahrenheit (expressed as °F), Celsius (°C), and Kelvin (K).
The difference in temperature of the two glasses of water is 30°C. The difference in temperature on the Kelvin scale is 86 K D. 303 K. Because at 30°c in Kelvin = 273 + 30
= 303 kelvin
Thus, option B is correct.
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What is science? Write a definition for the word
Answer:
make me brainliest pls :)
Explanation:
Science is both a body of knowledge and a process. In school, science may sometimes seem like a collection of isolated and static facts listed in a textbook, but that's only a small part of the story. Just as importantly, science is also a process of discovery that allows us to link isolated facts into coherent and comprehensive understandings of the natural world.
Science is exciting. Science is a way of discovering what's in the universe and how those things work today, how they worked in the past, and how they are likely to work in the future. Scientists are motivated by the thrill of seeing or figuring out something that no one has before.
Science is useful. The knowledge generated by science is powerful and reliable. It can be used to develop new technologies, treat diseases, and deal with many other sorts of problems.
Science is ongoing. Science is continually refining and expanding our knowledge of the universe, and as it does, it leads to new questions for future investigation. Science will never be "finished."
Science is a global human endeavor. People all over the world participate in the process of science. And you can too!
Proponents of breast feeding often cite the passing of antibodies to the infant as a benefit. This type of immunity would be considered
artificial active immunity.
natural active immunity.
natural passive immunity.
vaccination.
artificial passive immunity.
Answer:
Natural passive immunity
Explanation:
Breatsfeeding is natural....
antibodies passes from the parent to the infant...
The infant gets nutrition in which later antibodies will be formed by the nutrients..
Can someone please help me? :(
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Answer:
The answer is B
Explanation:
I hope this helps very much
The purpose of the light dependent reaction is to convert ____ to _____.
What is the temperature of 0. 750 mol of a gas stored in a 6,850 ml cylinder at 2. 21 atm?.
-246 K-
________________
Sulfur burns in the air to form 33.6L of sulfur dioxide. (S = 32, O =16, 64g of sulfur dioxide has 22.4L, 32g of oxygen has 22.4L)
find mass of reacted oxygen
find mass of required oxygen
The mass of oxygen reacted/required in this reaction is obtained as 48g.
What is stoichiometry?The term stoichiometry has to do with mass- volume or mass - mole relationship which ultimately depends on the balanced reaction equation.
Now, we have the reaction; S + O2 ------>SO2
If 1 mole of sulfur dioxide contains 22.4 L
x moles of sulfur dioxide contains 33.6L
x = 1.5 moles of sulfur dioxide.
Since the reaction is 1:1, the number if moles of oxygen required/reacted is 1.5 moles.
Mass of oxygen required/reacted = 1.5 moles * 32 g/mol = 48g
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Item 16 A sample of gas has a temperature of 200 K. If the speed of every gas molecule in the sample is doubled, what is the new temperature of the gas
If the speed of every gas molecule in the sample is doubled, then the new temperature of the gas is 80K.
What is relation between the speed and temperature?Speed of any molecule of gas is measured in terms of velocity and relation between root mean square velocity and temperature will be calculated as:
V = √3RT/M
Means velocity is directly proportional to the square root of the temperature, and for this question required equation is:
V₁/V₂ = √T₁/T₂
If velocity of the molecule is gets double then equation becomes,
V₁/2V₁ = √200/T₂
T₂ = 800K
Hence resultant temperature of gas is 800K.
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In a titration of sulfuric acid against sodium hydroxide, 32.20 mL of 0.250 M NaOH is required to neutralize 26.60 mL of H2so
Answer:
About 0.151 M.
Explanation:
Because 32.20 mL of 0.250 M NaOH was used, determine the number of moles of NaOH consumed:
[tex]\displaystyle 32.20\text{ mL} \cdot \frac{0.250\text{ mol NaOH}}{1\text{L}} \cdot \frac{1\text{ L}}{1000\text{ mL}} = 0.00805\text{ mol NaOH}[/tex]
Find the number of moles of sulfuric acid reacted with using reaction stoichiometry:
[tex]\displaystyle 0.00805\text{ mol NaOH} \cdot \frac{1\text{ mol H$_2$SO$_4$}}{2\text{ mol NaOH}} = 0.00402\text{ mol H$_2$SO$_4$}[/tex]
Therefore, the molarity of the original sulfuric acid solution is:
[tex]\displaystyle \ [\text{H$_2$SO$_4$}] = \frac{0.00402\text{ mol}}{26.60\text{ mL}} \cdot \frac{1000\text{ mL}}{1\text{ L}} = 0.151\text{ M}[/tex]
In conclusion, the molarity of the original sulfuric acid solution was about 0.151 M.
What is the concentration, in molarity, of a solution that contains 19g of NaOH dissolved into water to make 500 mL of solution?
Answer:
The molar concentration of NaOH in the final diluted solution is 0.056 M
Explanation:
ii. FILL IN THE BLANK
FILL IN THE BLANK BY USING SUITABLE WORDS:
1. In electron dot structure, the dot represent ................. electrons.
2. Ionic compounds are highly soluble in ...........
3. The bond formed by the mutual sharing of two electrons is called .................. bond.
4. there are ................ bonds in nitrogen molecule.
5. the .......... bonds are non-directional.
6. NaCl is ......... in molten state
7. formula of common salt is ............
8. Oxygen gas is a ..........m molecule.
Answer:
1. In electron dot structure, the dot represent one electrons.
2. Ionic compounds are highly soluble in water.
3. The bond formed by the mutual sharing of two electrons is called covalent bond.
4. there are 3 bonds in nitrogen molecule.
5. the ionic bonds are non-directional.
6. NaCl is taken in molten state
7. formula of common salt is NaCl.
8. Oxygen gas is a diamotic molecule.
hope it helps :)
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A chemist wants to make 750mL of a 6M NaOH solution. What mass (in grams) of NaOH will they need?
Answer:
180 g NaOH
Explanation:
Step #1 : Use the molarity equation to find moles. The volume is needed in liters, so convert the milliliters to liters.
Molarity (M) = moles (mol) / liters (L) ---->
Molarity (M) x liters (L) = moles (mol)
750 mL NaOH 1 L
x ---------------- = 0.75 L NaOH
1,000 mL
(6 M NaOH) x (0.75 L NaOH) = ? mol
= 4.5 mol NaOH
Step #2 : Find the mass using the moles and the molar mass of the solution. The molar mass can be calculated using the values of the elements on the periodic table.
Molar Mass (g/mol) = grams (g) / moles (mol) --->
Molar Mass (g/mol) x moles (mol) = grams (g)
? g/mol = (22.99 g/mol Na) + (15.999 g/mol O) + (1.008 g/mol H)
? g/mol = 39.997 g/mol NaOH
(39.997 g/mol NaOH) x (4.5 mol NaOH) = ? g
= 179.99 g NaOH
= 180 g NaOH (2 sig figs)
= 200 g NaOH (1 sig fig)
What is the molarity of 2.5 liters of solution containing 5 moles of NaCl?
Answer:
2 mol/L
Explanation:
Molarity is Moles/Liters, you just simple divide 5 moles ÷ 2.5 L =2 mol/L
In which reaction at equilibrium will the point of equilibrium shift to the right when the pressure decreases at constant temperature
1. N2(g) + 3H2(g) - 2NH3(g)
2. H2(g) + Bra(o) - 2HBr()
3. CaCO3(s) - Cao(s) + CO2(g)
3. N2(g) + O2(g) - 2NO(9)
Answer:3
Explanation: an increase in pressure will just place the point of equilibrium in the direction that fevers the formation of the fewer number of moles. A decrease in pressure will displace the point of equilibrium in the direction that favors the formation of a greater number of moles as a system attempts to return to equilibrium
The reaction CaCO3(s) →Cao(s) + CO2(g) at equilibrium will be shifted to the right when the pressure decreases at constant temperature.
What is equilibrium?Chemical equilibrium can be defined as the state of a system where the concentration of the reactant, as well as the concentration of the products, as well as the concentration of the products, will not change over time and the system's characteristics also will not change.
It is well known that when the number of moles grows, equilibrium shifts to the side where the number of moles grows when pressure is reduced.
In this equation, CaCO3(s) →Cao(s) + CO2(g)
Number of moles in reactant side= 1
Number of moles in product side = 2
Hence, for this reaction equilibrium will be shifted in right side.
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A sample of iron (fe) with a mass of 200.0 g releases 9,840 cal when it freezes at its freezing point. what is the molar heat of fusion for iron? use q equals n delta h.. 2,747.7 cal/mol 2,771.8 cal/mol 2,811.7 cal/mol 3,280.0 cal/mol
The molar heat of fusion for iron with a mass of 200.0g releases 9,840 cal when it freezes at its freezing point is 2,747.7 cal/mol.
How to calculate molar heat of fusion?The heat of fusion of a substance can be calculated by using the following formula:
Q = m∆H
Where:
Q = quantity of heatm = mass∆H = change in temperature of fusionHowever, the quantity of heat has been given as 9840calories. The molar heat of fusion of iron can be calculated by dividing the heat of fusion by the number of moles of iron.
Moles of iron = mass ÷ molar mass
moles = 200g ÷ 55.8g/mol
moles = 3.58moles
molar heat of fusion = 9840 cal ÷ 3.58mol
molar heat of fusion = 2748.6 cal/mol
Therefore, the molar heat of fusion for iron with a mass of 200.0g releases 9,840 cal when it freezes at its freezing point is 2,747.7 cal/mol.
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Answer:
A) 2,747.7 cal/mol
Explanation:
EDGE 2022
4. How can you calculate the solubility of a gas in a liquid under different
pressures
The solubility of a gas in a liquid under different pressures can be calculated using Henry's Law.
The solubility of a gas in a liquid under different pressures can be calculated using Henry's Law, which describes the relationship between the pressure of a gas and its solubility in a liquid. According to Henry's Law, at a constant temperature, the solubility (S) of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure (P) of the gas above the liquid.
Mathematically, Henry's Law is expressed as:
S = k * P
Where:
S = Solubility of the gas in the liquid (usually in mol/L or g/L)
k = Henry's Law constant, which is specific to the gas and the solvent at a given temperature (units depend on the units of pressure and solubility chosen)
P = Partial pressure of the gas above the liquid (usually in atm or kPa)
To calculate the solubility of a gas in a liquid under different pressures, you would typically perform the following steps:
Determine the Henry's Law constant (k) for the specific gas and solvent at the given temperature.
Measure or obtain the partial pressure (P) of the gas above the liquid at the desired pressure conditions.
Use the Henry's Law equation to calculate the solubility (S) of the gas in the liquid:
S = k * P
The solubility will be in units of mol/L (molarity) or g/L, depending on the units used for the Henry's Law constant and partial pressure.
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what volume of water in ml initially at 85.4 C needs to be mixed with 200 ml of water initally at 29.5 C so that the final temperature of the water is 36.2 C
Answer:
About 27 mL of water.
Explanation:
We can use the heat transfer equation. Recall that:
[tex]\displaystyle q = mC\Delta T[/tex]
Heat is transferred from the water with higher temperature to the water with lower temperature. Hence:
[tex]\displaystyle -q_1 = q_2[/tex]
Substituting yields:
[tex]-m_1C \Delta T_1 = m_2C\Delta T _2[/tex]
We can solve for m₁:
[tex]\displaystyle \begin{aligned} m_1 &= -\frac{m_2 C\Delta T_2}{ C \Delta T_1} \\ \\ & = -\frac{m_2\Delta T_2}{\Delta T _1}\end{aligned}[/tex]
The desired final temperature of water is 36.2 °C. Substitute and evaluate:
[tex]\displaystyle \begin{aligned} m_1 & = -\frac{(200\text{ mL})(36.2\text{ $^\circ$C}-29.5\text{ $^\circ$C})}{(36.2\text{ $^\circ$C}-84.5\text{ $^\circ$C})} \\ \\ & = -\frac{(200\text{ mL})(6.7\text{ $^\circ$C})}{-49.2\text{ $^\circ$C}}\\ \\ & =27\text{ mL}\end{aligned}[/tex]
In conclusion, about 27 mL of water should be added.
Can there be pH measurements greater than 14 or less than zero? Explain.
Answer:
scale does not have fixed limits, so it is indeed possible to have a pH above 14 or below zero.
What is the empirical formula of a compound that is 41.4% Strontium, 13.24%
Nitrogen, and 45.3696 Oxygen
Empirical Formula StepsN2O6Sr Strontium Nitrate
Explanation:
The reaction below is at equilibrium. What would happen if more Na2O2 were
added?
2Na(s) +0,02Nao,(s)
A. The equilibrium position would stay the same.
O B. The equilibrium position would shift to produce more Na202.
C. The equilibrium position would shift to produce more Na2 and 02.
D. The equilibrium position would shift to produce more 02.
If more Na[tex]_2[/tex]O[tex]_2[/tex] were added in 2Na(s) +0,02Nao,(s)→ Na[tex]_2[/tex]O[tex]_2[/tex]. The equilibrium position would shift to produce more Na and O[tex]_2[/tex]. Therefore, the correct option is option C.
What is equilibrium?During a reversible chemical process, chemical equilibrium is the state in which there is no net change in the quantity of reactants or products. When a chemical reaction is reversible, the products react with the original reactants as soon as they are created.
There's no net change in the quantity of the chemicals involved when the two opposed reactions are in equilibrium because they are occurring at identical rates, or velocities. At this point, the reaction can be deemed to be finished, meaning that the maximum amount of reactants into products has been converted under the given reaction conditions. If more Na[tex]_2[/tex]O[tex]_2[/tex] were added in 2Na(s) +0,02Nao,(s)→ Na[tex]_2[/tex]O[tex]_2[/tex]. The equilibrium position would shift to produce more Na and O[tex]_2[/tex].
Therefore, the correct option is option C.
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Why is only increasing the ph of the ocean not enough to restore the ocean’s equilibrium?.
The increasing pH of an ocean is not enough to restore the equilibrium as seawater becomes more acidic, and the pH of the water drops. This process binds carbonate ions, reducing their abundance.
What is the ocean's equilibrium?Equilibrium is a state where the presence of base and acid is in equal quantity.
Increased pH, leads to more acidity and reduces the number of ions.
Ions are necessary for corals, oysters, mussels, and many other shelled organisms that require building their shells and skeletons.
Thus, increasing pH of an ocean is not enough to restore the equilibrium as seawater becomes more acidic, and the pH of the water drops. This process binds carbonate ions, reducing their abundance.
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When considering metal complexation with EDTA, if you are comparing 2 metals, the metal with a higher ____________ will react with EDTA first.
If you are comparing 2 metals, the metal with a higher Number of free ions will react with EDTA first
What is EDTA ?EDTA is a type of chemical which binds certain metal ions such as calcium and magnesium. some of the functions of EDTA includes:
Preventing blood clotting of blood samplesprevention of the formation of Biofilm by bacteriasThe EDTA will readily react with metals which have a hiogher number of free ions that it can bind with.
Hence we can conclude that If you are comparing 2 metals, the metal with a higher Number of free ions will react with EDTA first.
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Animals that eat only other animals are called ________. (2 points) a carnivores b decomposers c herbivores d omnivores. Giving 27 points
Answer:
The answer is Carnivore
Explanation:
A carnivore eat meat which is other animals.
Water vapor enters a compressor at 35 kpa and 160°c and leaves at 300 kpa with the same specific entropy as at the inlet. What are the temperature and the specific enthalpy of water at the compressor exit? use steam tables.
The initial entropy is obtained from the initial pressure and temperature with data from A-6 using interpolation:
s= 8.2652 kJ/kgK
The final temperature is determined from the entropy and the final pressure with data from A-6 using interpolation:
T₂ = T₁+ T₂ - T₁/ 8₂ - 8₁ ( s - s₁)
= (400 + 500 - 400/8.3271 - 8.0347 (8.2652 - 8))
= 478.83°C
The final enthalpy is determined in the same way:
h₂= h₁ + h₂ - h₁/s₂ - s₁ ( s - s₁)
= ( 3275.5+ 3486.6 - 3275.5/ 8.3271 - 8.0347) (8.265)
= 3441.91 kJ/kg
Support gases system are subject to the same hazards as, present in any piped medical gas system with the additional hazard of_________________.
The complete statement will be "Support gases system are subject to the same hazards as, present in any piped medical gas system with the additional hazard of higher pressure"
What are gas systems?Generally, A gas system is simply defined as an assemblage of tubes, used for gas reticulation and circulation.
In conclusion, a higher pressure will be experienced as an additional hazard to the medical gas system.
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