How/why does the DNA separate? Discuss porosity

or pores, electricity, DNA's charge & size of DNA

pieces. Highlight each term.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments (or other macromolecules, such as RNA and proteins) based on their size and charge. Electrophoresis involves running a current through a gel containing the molecules of interest. Based on their size and charge, the molecules will travel through the gel in different directions or at different speeds, allowing them to be separated from one another.

All DNA molecules have the same amount of charge per mass. Because of this, gel electrophoresis of DNA fragments separates them based on size only. Using electrophoresis, we can see how many different DNA fragments are present in a sample and how large they are relative to one another. We can also determine the absolute size of a piece of DNA by examining it next to a standard "yardstick" made up of DNA fragments of known sizes.

What is a gel?

As the name suggests, gel electrophoresis involves a gel: a slab of Jello-like material. Gels for DNA separation are often made out of a polysaccharide called agarose, which comes as dry, powdered flakes. When the agarose is heated in a buffer (water with some salts in it) and allowed to cool, it will form a solid, slightly squishy gel. At the molecular level, the gel is a matrix of agarose molecules that are held together by hydrogen bonds and form tiny pores.

At one end, the gel has pocket-like indentations called wells, which are where the DNA samples will be placed:

Before the DNA samples are added, the gel must be placed in a gel box. One end of the box is hooked to a positive electrode, while the other end is hooked to a negative electrode. The main body of the box, where the gel is placed, is filled with a salt-containing buffer solution that can conduct current. Although you may not be able to see in the image above (thanks to my amazing artistic skills), the buffer fills the gel box to a level where it just barely covers the gel.

The end of the gel with the wells is positioned towards the negative electrode. The end without wells (towards which the DNA fragments will migrate) is positioned towards the positive electrode.

How do DNA fragments move through the gel?

Once the gel is in the box, each of the DNA samples we want to examine (for instance, each PCR reaction or each restriction-digested plasmid) is carefully transferred into one of the wells. One well is reserved for a DNA ladder, a standard reference that contains DNA fragments of known lengths. Commercial DNA ladders come in different size ranges, so we would want to pick one with good "coverage" of the size range of our expected fragments.

Next, the power to the gel box is turned on, and current begins to flow through the gel. The DNA molecules have a negative charge because of the phosphate groups in their sugar-phosphate backbone, so they start moving through the matrix of the gel towards the positive pole. When the power is turned on and current is passing through the gel, the gel is said to be running. [What voltage is used to run a gel?]

DNA samples are loaded into wells at negative electrode end of gel.

Power is turned on and DNA fragments migrate through gel (towards the positive electrode).

After the gel has run, the fragments are separated by size. The largest fragments are near the top of the gel (negative electrode, where they began), and the smallest fragments are near the bottom (positive electrode).

DNA samples are loaded into wells at negative electrode end of gel.

Power is turned on and DNA fragments migrate through gel (towards the positive electrode).

After the gel has run, the fragments are separated by size. The largest fragments are near the top of the gel (negative electrode, where they began), and the smallest fragments are near the bottom (positive electrode).

Based on similar diagram in Reece et al.^2  

2

squared

As the gel runs, shorter pieces of DNA will travel through the pores of the gel matrix faster than longer ones. After the gel has run for awhile, the shortest pieces of DNA will be close to the positive end of the gel, while the longest pieces of DNA will remain near the wells. Very short pieces of DNA may have run right off the end of the gel if we left it on for too long (something I've most definitely been guilty of!).

Visualizing the DNA fragments

Once the fragments have been separated, we can examine the gel and see what sizes of bands are found on it. When a gel is stained with a DNA-binding dye and placed under UV light, the DNA fragments will glow, allowing us to see the DNA present at different locations along the length of the gel.

Explanation:

Hope this helps! :D


Related Questions

Identify two components that make up the setting in a story.

Answers

Answer:

Elements of setting may include culture, historical period, geography, and hour. Along with the plot, character, theme, and style, setting is considered one of the fundamental components of fiction.

Explanation:

Two components that make up the setting in a story are Time and Place.

1. Time: The time or era in which the story takes place is an essential component of the setting. It includes the specific year, season, and historical context. The time setting can greatly influence the characters' behaviors, societal norms, and the overall atmosphere of the story.

2. Place: The physical location where the story unfolds is another crucial component of the setting. It includes the specific geographic location, such as a city, country, or fictional world, as well as the specific settings within that location, such as a house, school, or forest.

The place setting helps create a sense of atmosphere, as different locations may have distinct characteristics, cultural influences, and impacts on the story's events and characters.

Know more about storytelling:

https://brainly.com/question/27895671

#SPJ4

Imagine you are explaining to a friend a math concept you have learned this year. Choose one of the following topics and describe everything you know about it: slope, linear equations, solving word problems by creating an equation.
in 5 or more sentences

Answers

Answer:A linear equation is a two-variable equation. A constant can be present in this equation, which is a linear combination of these two variables. Surprisingly, any linear equation will always create a straight line when plotted on a graph, and therefore the name: linear equations.

Explanation:

They/ ask/ a/ man/ about/ the/ way/ the/ railway/ station.

Answers

Please explain the question? Thank you

Which textual evidence would best support a reader’s claim that the conversation between Lizabeth’s parents disrupts her perception of their respective roles in the family?
A. I had never heard a man cry before.
B. My father was a strong man who could whisk a child upon his shoulders and go singing through the house.
C. But the sobs went on, unstifled, finally quieting until I could hear my mother’s voice, deep and rich, humming softly as she used to hum to a frightened child.
D. My mother, who was small and soft, was now the strength of the family; my father, who was the rock on which the family had been built, was sobbing like the tiniest child.

PLS ANSWER QUICKLY.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:b

Answer the following conditional questions with the correct structure the first conditional

Questions:
1. What will you do if you win the Quiz Bee?
2. What will you do if you break up with ur friend?
3.If you want to relax after class, what will you watch?
4. If you have some free time on Saturday, will u study more?
5. What will u do if u get your expected grades?

Answers

1.) What will you do if you win the Quiz Bee?

Answer: Enjoy the day with your family or friends, celebrate with them in the restaurant's, mall, park, etc.

2.) What will you do if you break up with ur friend?

Answer: Acknowledge your pain. First, know that your grief is normal. The pain from a breakup of a deep friendship is as real and valid as any other. You and your friend probably shared almost everything and spent practically all your time together. You talked on the phone for hours on end, and shared endless texts and messages. And now it’s all gone. That loss of intimacy and connection is real. It’s valid. And it hurts: please don’t try to tell yourself it’s nothing, because it really is something.

3.) If you want to relax after class, what will you watch?

Answer: You can watch some Historical TV shows, Netflix, Kdrama, etc.

4.) If you have some free time on Saturday, will u study more?

Answer: Why not, If you have much time to study or do your school work's do it. If you have time to study do it because it can give you more information if you don't know the question(s).

5.) What will u do if u get your expected grades?

I don't know what you mean by expected but i guess its bad and good grade.

Answer:

Bad grade

I will tell it to my parents. I will study hard and im going to focus on my studies so i can have a good/high grades, and make my parents more proud of me.

Good grade

I'm going to tell it to my parents that i got a good grades and i will continue to focus on my studies so i can have a good grades as always.

Pls if you think my answers is wrong just change it

Stay safe!!

why was Africa said to be a dark continent

Answers

Africa was known as the “Dark Continent” because it remained unexplored for a fairly long period of time. Factors that made is difficult for the explorer to venture in to the continent of africa were: The largest desert in the world, the Sahara Desert acted as a natural barrier for the European explorers.

Is this a simple sentence?

If we hike Bright Angel Trail in the Grand Canyon, we won't see Mooney Falls.
yes
no

Answers

It is not a simple sentence no

Identify the type of conflict taking place in each excerpt from The Odyssey.""Deathly pity ran me through / at that sight – far the worst I ever suffered.

Answers

Answer:

Are you asking about internal/external conflict? because if so then most likely internal conflict.

Explanation:

Many people believe that in order to success in learning English, learners should choose to learn " British English" or "American English"? Do you agree with this view? Explain your choice.

Answers

My opinion on how best to learn the English Language is;

Yes, people should either choose to learn "British English" or "American English".

For beginners who want to learn the English language successfully, they should either choose to learn "British English" or "American English".

The reason for this suggestion is that these two types of English language have peculiarities. Some words are not spelled the same in the two languages.

For example, 'labor' is acceptable in American English but the letter 'u' is added after 'o' in British English. Also, when using either of these two types of language in a text the same style must be maintained throughout.

So, if you are using American English in a text, you must maintain the same style throughout the text.

When a learner successfully masters either type of the language, then they can communicate effectively in English.

Learn more here:

https://brainly.com/question/18539871

What is a synonym for masochist?

Answers

Answer:

someone who obtains pleasure from receiving punishment.

Explanation:

a person who suffers from masochism, a condition in which one's sexual or other enjoyment is conditional on one's suffering physical pain or humiliation a person who is satisfied by self-inflicted or externally imposed pain, degradation, or humiliation. a person who enjoys self-denial, submission, and other forms of submissiveness.

Synonyms: flagellant, deviant, deviate, degenerate

(Hope this helps can I pls have brainlist (crown)☺️

Which language is this :-

మంచి​

Answers

It seems that it's an Indian languge... l think Telugu...

Yasser ............................................. (not do) the homework.

Complete with the correct verb

Answers

Answer:

Yasser doing at home (not do) the

homework.

Explanation:

#CarryOnLearning

what is the main idea of the story "is survival selfish"

Answers

Answer:

The author is suggesting that society now and then judges individuals who survive more cruelly than it ought to. survival circumstances are complex, so no one knows, whether the individual will ensure himself or others. Since the circumstance is continuously diverse

Explanation:

hope this helps!

I have the picture below I don’t get it

Answers

The incorrect sentence is obviously C.

if a man has no common experience in communication do you think their will be an underatanding among people in the world?​

Answers

Because the people 2anted to study the people and their recorces.

the animals change the farm from manor farm to animal farm. why is this important? what does changing name do for ideas, behaviors, power, etc..? give examples in the real world?

Answers

Answer:

It's signifying a change in values and in leadership. Countries change their names after revolutions, civil wars, and changes in the economic systems.

Explanation:

This is also important towards the end of the book when the pigs change the name back to manor farm, as it signifies that they are now more like mr jones.

Read the excerpt from Team Moon.

The heavier the spacecraft, the harder it is to launch. And fuel is heavy. So it was critical to pinpoint the fuel needed, add a cushion, then take no more than necessary. But now, because the landing was taking far longer than planned, the fuel was almost gone. Mission Control wanted Neil to take as much time as he needed and fly the LM as near empty as possible only because they wanted him to make the landing. But if he ran out of fuel above the surface, in all likelihood the LM would crash onto the moon. So they were trying to time it to the last possible second before calling an abort—calling off the landing.

Answers

Answer:

its a on edge

Explanation:

just trust

Answer:

The answer to your question is A.

In paragraph 22, the author says that our impuse has become to think, "I want to have a feeling; I need
to send a text." How do the independent clauses in this sentence relate to each other?

Answers

Answer:

They relate through the semicolon positioned between them.

Explanation:

Independent sentences are those that do not need any complement to transmit a message and have a complete meaning. With that, we can say that these sentences are self-sufficient to convey a meaning. Two independent sentences can be placed in a single clause and even if they do not interfere with the meaning of the other, these sentences must have an element that relates them and that unites them. This element can be a conjunction, a preposition or a punctuation, like the clause shown above, which related two independent sentences through the semicolon between them.

What does Rhetoric mean

Answers

Answer:

The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.

Answer: The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.

Source: Oxford dictionary

I would put this into your own words as best as possible if you're submitting this as an assignment.

Please help me with this homework

Answers

2) will go
3)lifted
4)will do
5)takes OR took, either could work
6)has
7)love
8)go
9)are
10)will study

As one of the "third culture kids," she feels both rootless and worldly

Annotate and Respond to the text.
1. Number the paragraphs.
2. Set up your Annotation Key →
3. Read + mark the text.
4. Make notes about What is being said.
5. Make notes about How the author is saying it.
6. Make a connection.
7. Write a 3-5 sentence summary.
8. Write a RACES response.


"No, but where are you really from?" The question makes the hairs on the back of my neck stand up. Like many "third culture kids," or (TCKs), I panic. I wonder if the question is asking for my nationality, where I was born, where I am living now or where my parents live.
The term was used for the first time by American social scientist Ruth Hill Useem. TCKs are children who have spent much of their early lives outside of their parents' culture. They tend to mix their parents' culture with a new one, creating their own third culture.
Depending on the person and situation, I'll have different answers to that dreaded question. Like many other TCKs, I'll change my story as I go and not say the whole truth. Sometimes I'll go for the quick answer: I'm from Finland, a country in Europe, and Senegal, a country in Africa. Other times I'll tell the whole story. I'll say that I was born in Helsinki, in Finland, moved to Luxembourg, then to Brussels, in Belgium, and finally to London, England. Or I might say that my mom is from Finland and my dad is from Senegal, but I feel like my home is in the U.K. now.
Each time I get the question, I feel as if I need to explain myself or prove where I'm from. I'll often find myself leaving out parts of my story. I do this to fit what other people expect to hear.
Who Is The Real Me?
Living like this can sometimes feel liberating. I feel as though I'm wearing different masks. I am constantly able to reinvent myself. But this also presents a problem. Who am I really? Which of these masks is the true me? Where do I belong? In my case, these questions are even harder to answer. I'm biracial. I was born in Finland, but I don't look like most Finnish people. At the same time, I've never lived in Senegal, so I feel strange saying I'm from there. I don't feel very Finnish either since I've lived in another country for most of my life. Both Finland and Senegal are countries where I have family and are places I visit every few years. I still miss these places, but when I'm actually there I feel out of place, like an outsider.
So where is home? Home is a place where you truly belong, but like many other TCKs, I never quite feel at home anywhere. I am a strange mix, and sometimes I feel like I'll never find that one place where I belong 100 percent. I just feel lucky to have experienced so many cultures.
Sometimes I wonder what life would have been like if I had grown up in one place. I wonder what it would be like to have a friend who's known me since I was little. I often feel like a tourist in a country that I'm supposed to call my own.
Sometimes I don't like that I have to give complicated answers to what sound like simple questions. At other times it doesn't bother me at all. I watch my nieces and nephews growing up among many cultures. I cannot help but feel proud. What an amazing opportunity, to speak many languages and see so many countries.
Here Or There?
Being rootless has given me a sense of freedom. I feel grateful for the experiences I've had, and I am proud to feel like a citizen of the world. I feel at home anywhere, yet my home is nowhere.
I love being able to choose who I want to be wherever I go. My many masks are part of who I am. I've slowly built myself up as a collection of pieces, and I could handpick the best ones. Being rootless doesn't mean I don't belong to any one place, it means I choose to belong to many.

Answers

Answer:

1. Number the paragraphs.

2. Set up your Annotation Key →

3. Read + mark the text.

4. Make notes about What is being said.

5. Make notes about How the author is saying it.

Answer:

[tex]26 {045 {3252}^{?} }^{2} [/tex]

“INTELLECTUAL GROWTH SHOULD COMMENCE AT BIRTH AND CEASE ONLY AT DEATH.”​ –ALBERT EINSTEIN

Do you agree or disagree with this quote? Explain your reasoning below.

Answers

Answer:

YES

Explanation:

I believe that intellectual growth is to commence at birth and cease at death. because as soon as you are born you have to learn new things and it is that way all through life

what is morality in conservation as a national duty?​

Answers

Answer:It is the chief material question that confronts us, second only–and second always–to the great fundamental questions of morality.

Explanation:

Answer:

The focus of the conference was on natural resources and their proper use. President Roosevelt delivered the opening address: "Conservation as a National Duty." Among those speaking were leading industrialists, such as Andrew Carnegie and James J. Hill, politicians, and resource experts.

Explanation:

correct me if i'm wrong

answer 1-3 and i’ll mark you as brainiest

Answers

Answer:

.

Explanation:

you did not even post the passage. how can anyone answer?

Write examples of the sentences types below?

Answers

Answer:

I hope these maybe correct :)

Explanation

Simple sentences

Joe waited for the train

The train was late

The baby cried for food

Compound Sentences

Joe waited for the train, but the train was late

They spoke to him in Spanish, but he responded in English.

The shoplifter had stolen clothes, so he ran once he saw the police.

Complex sentences

As Kristina watched the train pull out of the station, she realized she would be late for work yet again.

We won the game because we worked  together as a team.

Although I broke my arm, I still cheered for  my team from the sidelines.

MARK ME THE BRAINIEST

Happy spooky month points :)

Answers

Answer:

happy spooky to you too

Explanation:

Answer: GRANDMA ITSA SPOOKY MONTH

2.
What strategies did black leaders use to keep up bus boycotters
spirits?

Answers

Answer:

powerful sermons

Speeches

You've got a claim and three pieces of evidence now.

Choose the two strongest pieces of evidence and make an outline.



I. W. W. Jacobs uses foreshadowing to create suspense in "The Monkey's Paw."
A. The sergeant-major's attitude about the monkey's paw (add two line items about his attitude to support this topic).

B. Choose the second area of evidence and two line items about it.

Answers

Answer:

Sergeant Major Morris states that the first owner of the paw wished for death. That creates suspense because the reader wants to know why he wished for death. It foreshadows that the paw brings bad luck. Sergeant Major Morris also tells the Whites “…don’t blame me for what happens” (Jacobs 91). It foreshadows that something very bad is going to happen. Herbert foreshadows his death by saying the quote “Well I don’t see the money…and I bet I never shall”(134-135 Jacobs). That quote is a big part of the foreshadowing in this story. Foreshadowing is most likely one of the biggest ways to create suspense.  Sergeant-Major’s tone toward the paw differ from the White’s attitude, Sergeant-Majors tone is anxious and grave while Whites attitude is exited and enthralled this impacts the reader's mood because of the Sergeant the reader feels anxious, or worried something bad will happen, and are anticipating grim events to follow.

"He's an eager beaver" is an example of a(n) ____.

Answers

Answer:

it is an idiom.

Explanation:

Answer:

A metaphor

Explanation:

A metaphor is a comparison between two things without using the worlds 'like' or 'as'.

A metaphor simply states that one thing is just another thing. An idiom is a saying or a phrase that is used to describe a situation, a metaphor is an indirect comparison to describe something. And a simile is a direct comparison.

Which line from the text suggests the speaker thinks space exploration is important?

No single space project in this period will be more impressive
...
We go into space because whatever mankind must undertake, free men must fully share.

O I am asking the Congress and the country to accept a firm commitment to a new course of action.

This gives promise of some day providing a means for even more exciting and ambitious exploration of space.
AMC

Answers

Answer:

B.

Explanation:

Hope thst this helped!

Other Questions
HELP ASAP!!! a bike rental company charges $12, which includes the first 30 minutes of biking. thereafter, the company charges an additional $0.25 per minute. write a numeric sequence for the first 5 minutes of the 30 minutes. In what way does walking help The environment? How does it make you feel about the state of our environment? < What is the meaning of the word notorious in the sentence?Los Angelos is notorious for its pollution problem, so tourists and residents are not surprised when there is smogO well-knownO importantO popularO significant What would happen if a state or municipality suddenly lost its tax base? Explain if this would have any impact on it's cost of borrowing funds. Why? PLEASE HELP WORTH 16 POINTS WILL REPORT LINKS Plastic parts manufactured using an injection molding process may exhibit one or more defects, including sinks, scratches, black spots, and son on. Let x represent the number of defects on a single part, and suppose the distribution of x is as follows: x: 0 1 2 3 4 p(x): 0.79 0.09 0.05 0.04 0.03 What is the expected value, E(X), for the number of defects on a randomly selected plastic part Write an expression that matches; 8 less than z On a recent survey, 40% of the 900 people surveyed preferred running.How many people preferred running? What is the authors second claim? I - ready Which relation is not a function?Helppppo due now A 25-year maturity mortgage-backed bond is issued. The bond has a par value of $10,000 and promises to pay an 8-percent annual coupon. At issue, bond market investors require a 12-percent interest rate on the bond. Assume that 20 years after the bond is issued, bond market investors require a 15-percent interest rate on the bond. What is the market price of the bond Plz help me well mark brainliest if you are correct! According to the domino theory, neighboring nations can be vulnerable to the spread of communism because of their Please Help Me :((. What are some potential solutions to the problems Pavan identifies? 4Select the correct answerErin is taking part in a play at the community theater. The cast and crew ordered T-shirts for all the volunteers. The cost of a T-shirt is $8, and thetotal delivery charge is $45 per order. If the center has no more than $325 to buy T-shirts, how many T-shirts can they buy? HELP PLEASE!! I WILL MARK AS BRAINLIEST+ FAKE ANSWERS WILL BE REPORTEDDo you believe the American Civil War's end had been decided before it began? Respond in two sentences. Which represents the polynomial written in standard form Select the correct answer. What is the value of the limit ? A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7 An example of a consumer in a pond ecosystem is...A. a water lilyB. algaeC. a reedD. a frog