EM energy is like a wave as well as a particle. The concept of wave-particle duality is accounted for in the Quantum Mechanical model.
How is EM energy like a wave?
EM energy is like a wave in a way that it travels from one place to another. This travel is similar to the waves found in a water body that travel from one place to another.
In other words, it travels as a disturbance in a medium or even vacuum that doesn’t need a medium.
In addition, EM waves have features of waves like diffraction, reflection, and interference.
How is EM energy like a particle?
EM energy is also like a particle as it can also act like a particle. An example of this is the photon. Photons are energy particles that have wave-particle duality.
These particles can have particle-like behavior such as being emitted from a source, hitting a target, and interacting with the environment like other particles.
Thus, they act like a wave as well as a particle.
What model accounts for both of these characteristics? The Quantum Mechanical model accounts for both these characteristics, the wave-like and particle-like behavior of EM energy.
It explains that the energy of EM waves is quantized and its energy comes in packets known as photons. These photons can act as particles as well as waves in different situations.
The wave-particle duality is thus accounted for in the Quantum Mechanical model.
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what would its landing speed have been in the absence of air resistance? express your answer using two significant figures.
The landing speed of the ball in the absence of air resistance would be 14 m/s.
The landing speed of an object in the absence of air resistance can be calculated by considering the conservation of energy.
The initial energy of the object will be equal to the final energy of the object when it reaches the ground.
A ball falling from a height h with an initial velocity u.
The gravitational potential energy of the ball is given by mgh, where m is the mass of the ball, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height of the ball.
The kinetic energy of the ball is given by 1/2 mu², where u is the initial velocity of the ball.
At the ground level, the gravitational potential energy of the ball will be zero, and the kinetic energy of the ball will be given by 1/2 mv², where v is the velocity of the ball when it reaches the ground.
mgh + 1/2 mu² = 1/2 mv²
Solving for v, we get:
v = sqrt(2gh + u²)
In the absence of air resistance, the ball will continue to fall with an acceleration of g. Therefore, we can assume that the initial velocity u is equal to zero. Thus, the equation reduces to:
v = sqrt(2gh)
g = 9.8 m/s², we can calculate the landing speed of the ball for a given height h. For example, if the ball is dropped from a height of 10 meters, then the landing speed of the ball will be:
v = sqrt(2gh) = sqrt(2*9.8*10) = 14 m/s
Therefore, the landing speed of the ball in the absence of air resistance would be 14 m/s.
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a fragment of a current-carrying wire has a cross-sectional area that increases as shown. 1) if the current that flows through the wire is uniform, where is the drift velocity the greatest?
According to the given statement, if the current that flows through the wire is uniform, the drift velocity is the greatest at the section of wire with diameter d.
As the current is uniform throughout the wire, so the current through a given cross-sectional area is the same. Also, the current density, J is given by:
J = I/A
where I is the current and A is the cross-sectional area of the wire. Thus, if the area of the cross-section of the wire is more, the current density will be less. The current density is inversely proportional to the area of the wire, i.e. J ∝ 1/A. Hence, the drift velocity is inversely proportional to the current density, i.e. v[tex]_d[/tex] ∝ 1/J.
Thus, the drift velocity is greater where the cross-sectional area is less. So, the drift velocity is greater at the section of wire with diameter d.
So, the answer is at the section of wire with diameter d
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which of the following has the greatest momentum? 10.0 kg mass moving at 30 m/s 3000 kg mass moving at 0.2 m/s 0.05 kg mass moving at 200 m/s 200 kg mass moving at 2 m/s
The 10.0 kg mass moving at 30 m/s has the greatest momentum since momentum is calculated as the product of mass and velocity.
What is the momentum?The mass and velocity of each object must be taken into account when calculating momentum, and the object with the highest momentum is the one with the highest product of mass and velocity.
Momentum = mass × velocity
The momentum of each object is calculated as follows:
1. 10.0 kg mass moving at 30 m/s.
Momentum = 10.0 kg × 30 m/s = 300 kg·m/s². 3000 kg mass moving at 0.2 m/s. Momentum = 3000 kg × 0.2 m/s = 600 kg·m/s³. 0.05 kg mass moving at 200 m/s. Momentum = 0.05 kg × 200 m/s = 10 kg·m/s⁴. 200 kg mass moving at 2 m/s. Momentum = 200 kg × 2 m/s = 400 kg·m/s.
Therefore, the 3000 kg mass moving at 0.2 m/s has the greatest momentum, with a value of 600 kg·m/s.
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a 100 ohm resistor is connect in parallel with a 300 ohm resistor. what is the equivalent resistance?
The equivalent resistance of the two resistors in parallel is 75 ohms.
To calculate the equivalent resistance of a 100-ohm resistor and a 300-ohm resistor connected in parallel, the following formula can be used:
Req = 1 / ((1/R1) + (1/R2))
where Req is the equivalent resistance, R1 is the resistance of the first resistor, and R2 is the resistance of the second resistor.
In this situation, the values of R1 and R2 are 100 ohms and 300 ohms, respectively.
Therefore, we can substitute these values into the equation as follows:
Req = 1 / ((1/100) + (1/300))= 1 / (0.01 + 0.00333)= 1 / 0.01333= 75 ohms
Therefore, the equivalent resistance of the two resistors in parallel is 75 ohms.
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what was the ratio of a weight to its just noticeable difference weight when they were lifted what was the ratio of a weight to its just noticeable difference weight when the weight were placed in the subject's hands?
According to Weber's Law, the ratio of a weight to its just noticeable difference weight when placed in the subject's hands is 1 : 40.
The ratio of a weight to its just noticeable difference weight when it is lifted by a subject is 1 : 40. This implies that if the weight of an object is x, the minimum additional weight that can be added to it and be noticed by a subject is x/40.The ratio of a weight to its just noticeable difference weight when the weight is placed in the subject's hands is 1:20.
This implies that if the weight of an object is x, the minimum additional weight that can be added to it and be noticed by a subject when it is placed in their hands is x/20. The Weber-Fechner Law applies in this scenario. It is a relationship between the intensity of a stimulus and its perceived strength that states that the sensation is proportional to the logarithm of the stimulus' intensity.
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which is easier: to detect the spread-out raw material in exoplanet systems from which planets might be assembled or to detect exoplanets after they are fully formed? in what region of the electromagnetic spectrum is this detection made?
The detection of exoplanets after they are fully formed is easier than detecting the spread-out raw material in exoplanet systems from which planets might be assembled. The region where this detection of exoplanets is typically made is the visible or near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
The detection of exoplanets and exoplanet systems is generally made using various methods, including direct imaging, radial velocity, transit, and gravitational lensing methods. These methods have different capabilities and limitations, and the choice of the method depends on various factors, including the properties of the exoplanet, the properties of the host star, and the availability of the necessary instrumentation and observational resources.
The detection of exoplanets is typically made in the visible or near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, using techniques such as transit photometry and radial velocity measurements. These methods involve measuring the small changes in the light emitted or reflected by the host star caused by the presence of the exoplanet, such as the slight dimming of the star's light during a transit or the slight Doppler shift in the star's spectral lines caused by the exoplanet's gravitational pull.
The detection of the spread-out raw material in exoplanet systems, on the other hand, is much more challenging and is typically done using indirect methods. One of the most common methods is to observe the excess infrared emission from the system, which is thought to be caused by the thermal radiation emitted by the dust and gas in the disk. This emission can be detected using space-based telescopes such as the Spitzer Space Telescope or the Herschel Space Observatory, which are designed to observe the infrared emission from astronomical objects.
Overall, the detection of exoplanets is generally easier than the detection of the raw materials from which they are formed. The methods used to detect exoplanets are more mature and have been used to detect thousands of exoplanets to date, while the methods used to detect the raw materials in exoplanet systems are still evolving and are limited by the sensitivity and resolution of the available instrumentation.
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Two trains are moving in the same direction on parallel tracks. Train A is 300 m long and moves at 10 m/s. Train B is 250 m long and moves at 8 m/s. The front of train B is 1 km ahead of the front of train A. How far does Train A travel while both trains overlap?
Train A travels 3,200 meters while both trains (moving in the same direction on parallel tracks) overlap.
To find the distance Train A travels while both trains (on parallel tracks) overlap, we need to:-
1. Determine the relative speed of Train A with respect to Train B. Since both trains are moving in the same direction, we can find this by subtracting the speed of Train B from the speed of Train A: 10 m/s - 8 m/s = 2 m/s.
2. Calculate the initial distance between the two trains. The front of Train B is 1 km (1,000 m) ahead of Train A. Therefore, the distance between the back of Train B and the front of Train A is 1,000 m - 250 m = 750 m.
3. Find the time taken for Train A to catch up with Train B. Divide the initial distance by the relative speed: 750 m / 2 m/s = 375 seconds.
4. Calculate the distance traveled by Train A while both trains overlap. During the overlap, Train A is moving at 10 m/s, so multiply its speed by the time taken to catch up with Train B: 10 m/s * 375 seconds = 3,750 meters.
5. Calculate the overlap distance. The combined length of both trains is 300 m + 250 m = 550 m. Since Train A catches up with Train B, the distance it travels while overlapping is the combined length of both trains: 3,750 m - 550 m = 3,200 meters.
Therefore, Train A travels 3,200 meters while both trains overlap.
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what kind of star has an absolute magnitude of 10 and a surface temperature of 20,000 k? a. giant b. supergiant c. white dwarf d. main sequence
The kind of star that has an absolute magnitude of 10 and a surface temperature of 20,000 K is c. white dwarf.
A white dwarf is a star that has a low mass that has exhausted all of its nuclear fuel, as well as the ability to generate energy. The stars’ internal gravity pulls the matter of the star together, and they collapse under their own weight. White dwarfs are generally made up of electron-degenerate matter, which is a material made up of tightly packed, positively charged atomic nuclei and negatively charged electrons. The energy of the electrons compresses the nuclei, creating the high density that is required for the star to survive
Stars are classified according to their temperature, size, and luminosity, which are referred to as spectral types. According to their size, stars are divided into four groups: main-sequence, giant, supergiant, and dwarf. A white dwarf is a star that has a low mass and a size comparable to that of Earth.What is absolute magnitude?Absolute magnitude is defined as the brightness of a star when it is measured from a distance of ten parsecs. A parsec is equal to 3.26 light-years. It is critical to remember that absolute magnitude is a measure of a star's intrinsic brightness rather than how bright it appears from Earth.
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determine the current (in ma) through the led in the circuit below if the forward biased voltage of the led is 2 v?
The current flowing through the LED is also 10 mA. To determine the current (in mA) through the LED in the circuit given below.
Assuming that the forward biased voltage of the LED is 2V, the following procedure is followed: To calculate the current flowing through the LED in the given circuit, the following formula is used: Ohm's Law: V = IR where V is the voltage applied to the circuit, I is the current flowing through the circuit, and R is the resistance of the circuit. Now, in the given circuit, the total voltage applied to the circuit is 12V. Therefore, the voltage across the resistor (R) is V = 12 - 2 = 10V. So, we know that the voltage across the resistor is 10V and the value of the resistor is 1000 ohms.
Therefore, the current through the resistor is: I = V/R = 10/1000 = 0.01 A = 10 mA. Now, this current will also be the current flowing through the LED as the LED is in series with the resistor. Therefore, the answer is 10 mA.
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how much force does an 76.0 kg astronaut exert on his chair while sitting at rest on the launch pad?
The force exerts by a 76.0 kg astronaut on his chair while sitting at rest on the launch pad is: 746.76 N
According to Newton’s third law, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. The astronaut exerts a force on the chair and the chair exerts an equal and opposite force on the astronaut. If the astronaut is sitting at rest on the launch pad, then he is not moving and hence the net force acting on him is zero.
Therefore, the force exerted by the astronaut on the chair is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force exerted by the chair on the astronaut. In other words, the force that the astronaut exerts on the chair is equal to his weight.
The weight of the astronaut can be calculated using the formula F = m * g, where F is the force, m is the mass, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. The acceleration due to gravity on Earth is approximately 9.81 m/s^2.
Therefore, the force exerted by the astronaut on the chair is F = m * g = 76.0 kg * 9.81 m/s^2 = 746.76 N. Therefore, the astronaut exerts a force of 746.76 N on his chair while sitting at rest on the launch pad.
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how long does it take to accelerate to 60 mph ? your answer, which seems impossibly short, is confirmed by track tests.
It takes around 5 seconds to accelerate to 60 mph.
1. What is acceleration?
Acceleration is the process of increasing speed or velocity over time. When a car accelerates, it gradually increases its velocity from a standstill to a faster speed.
As a result, acceleration can be measured in units of distance over time, such as meters per second squared (m/s2) or miles per hour per second (mph/s).
Acceleration is an important concept in physics and engineering, as it helps to describe the motion of objects in terms of their speed, direction, and rate of change. In addition, acceleration is often used in the design of cars, aircraft, and other vehicles, as it can affect their performance and fuel efficiency.
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is there an advantage to following through when hitting a baseball with a bat, thereby maintaining a longer contact between the bat and the ball?
Yes, there is an advantage to following through when hitting a baseball with a bat, thereby maintaining a longer contact between the bat and the ball.
The advantage of following through in a baseball game is that it increases the speed of the ball and also the energy associated with the ball's trajectory.
The longer the bat comes in contact with the ball, the greater the energy stored in the ball, and the farther the ball will go. Therefore, it is very important to follow through while hitting the ball with the bat in baseball games, which will result in the ball being propelled much farther than if it had been hit with a minimal follow-through.
Thus, it is beneficial to follow through when hitting a baseball with a bat, thereby maintaining a longer contact between the bat and the ball.
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What is the transfer of thermal energy called?
Answer:
Conduction
Explanation:
The process by which heat energy is transmitted through collisions between neighboring atoms
suppose you are standing on a train accelerating at 0.30 g . part a what minimum coefficient of static friction must exist between your feet and the floor if you are not to slide?
When standing on a train accelerating at 0.30 g, there is an effective force acting on you due to the acceleration. This force is equivalent to the force that would be experienced by an object with mass m = your mass under the influence of gravity and this force is resisted by the static friction force:
F = m * a
where a is the acceleration of the train and g is the acceleration due to gravity (approx. 9.81 m/s^2).
To avoid sliding on the floor of the train, the static friction force between your feet and the floor must be greater than or equal to the force due to the acceleration of the train. Therefore, we have:
f_s >= m * a
where f_s is the static friction force.
The maximum static friction force that can act between your feet and the floor is given by:
f_s = μ_s * N
where μ_s is the coefficient of static friction between your feet and the floor, and N is the normal force acting on your feet.
Since you are standing still relative to the train, the normal force acting on your feet is equal to your weight, which we can express as:
N = m * g
Substituting this into the expression for the maximum static friction force, we get:
f_s = μ_s * m * g
Substituting this expression for f_s into the inequality above, we get:
μ_s * m * g >= m * a
Simplifying this expression, we get:
μ_s >= a / g
Substituting a = 0.30 g and g = 9.81 m/s^2, we get:
μ_s >= 0.30
Therefore, the minimum coefficient of static friction that must exist between your feet and the floor to avoid sliding on the train is 0.30.
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A hairdryer has a power of 1.5 KW and was used for 15 minutes how much did it cost?
the loudness and duration of the emitted sound are enhanced by a resonant pipe suspended vertically below the center of the bar. if the pipe is open at the top end only and the speed of sound in air is 340 m/s, what length of the pipe is required to resonate with the wooden bar?
The length of the pipe required to resonate with the wooden bar is equal to one-fourth of the wavelength of the sound produced by the bar. The wavelength of the sound is equal to the speed of sound in air divided by the frequency of the sound.
The frequency of the sound is determined by the type of wooden bar being used. This frequency can range from 20 Hz to 20 kHz depending on the type of bar. Once the frequency is determined, the wavelength can be calculated and the length of the pipe can then be calculated.
The resonant pipe is suspended vertically below the center of the bar, and the pipe is open at the top end only. This means that the pipe is open to the atmosphere and the sound waves can resonant in the pipe. A longer pipe will allow more sound waves to be absorbed and thus the sound will be louder and longer in duration.
The length of the pipe should be equal to one-fourth of the wavelength of the sound for maximum resonance. This will ensure that the sound waves will be amplified and the sound produced will be louder and longer in duration.
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if a 2000-kg car traveling at 30 m/s hits a wall and comes to a complete stop in 0.03 seconds, how much force was applied to the car?
If a 2000-kg car traveling at 30 m/s hits a wall and comes to a complete stop in 0.03 seconds the force that was applied to the car is 6,000,000 N
The force applied to the car can be calculated using the formula:
Force = (mass x change in velocity) / time
Here, the mass of the car is 2000 kg, the initial velocity is 30 m/s, the final velocity is 0 m/s (since the car comes to a complete stop), and the time taken is 0.03 seconds.
Substituting these values, we get:
Force = (2000 kg x (0 m/s - 30 m/s)) / 0.03 s
Force = -6,000,000 N
The negative sign indicates that the force is acting in the opposite direction to the motion of the car. So, the force applied to the car by the wall is 6,000,000 N.
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a ball thrown vertically upward is caught by the thrower after 2.80 s at the same height as the initial point of release. find the maximum height the ball reaches from the point of release.
The maximum height reached is 99.6.
The velocity of the ball at the highest point. When the ball reaches the highest point, its velocity is zero. Therefore, we can use the following formula to find the velocity at the highest point: v = u - gt
where:v is the final velocity (which is zero)u is the initial velocity. g is the acceleration due to gravityt is the time taken to reach the highest pointWe know that the ball takes 2.80 seconds to reach the thrower.
Therefore, it takes half of that time, or 1.40 seconds, to reach the highest point. We also know that the ball was thrown vertically upward, which means that the initial velocity was positive (upward).
Therefore, 0 = u - g(1.40)Solving for u, we get:u = g(1.40) = 9.8(1.40) = 13.72 m/s.
The maximum height: h = ut - ½gt²
where:h is the maximum height. u is the initial velocity (which is 13.72 m/s)t is the time taken to reach the highest point (which is 1.40 seconds)g is the acceleration due to gravity (which is 9.8 m/s²)
h = (13.72)(1.40) - ½(9.8)(1.40)² = 9.60 m.Therefore, the maximum height the ball reaches from the point of release is 9.60 m.
An alternative approach that can also be used is to use the formula:v² = u² + 2ghwhere:v is the final velocity (which is zero)u is the initial velocity. g is the acceleration due to gravityh is the maximum height.
0² = (13.72)² + 2(-9.8)hh = (13.72)²/2(9.8) = 9.60 m.
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(a) calculate the (time-averaged) energy density of an electromagnetic plane wave in a conducting medium. show that the magnetic contribution always dominates (b) show that the intensity is (k/2uw)e0^2
(a)The time-averaged energy density is:U = (1/2μ) |E x B|² = (1/2μ) E₀² B₀² sin²(kx - ωt).
(b)The intensity of an electromagnetic wave is defined as the time-averaged power per unit area. It can be calculated using the Poynting vector: I = <S> = (1/2μ) |E x B|².
S = (1/μ) E x B
where E is the electric field, B is the magnetic field, and μ is the permeability of the medium. In a conducting medium, the permeability is generally the same as that of free space, so μ = μ0.
The time-averaged energy density is then given by:
U = (1/2μ) |E x B|^2
where |E x B| is the magnitude of the cross product of the electric and magnetic fields. Since the cross product of two vectors is orthogonal to both vectors, |E x B| represents the strength of the electromagnetic field.
In a plane wave, the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to each other and to the direction of propagation. Without loss of generality, let's assume that the electric field is in the x-direction and the magnetic field is in the y-direction. Then we have:
E = E₀ sin(kx - ωt) i
B = B₀ sin(kx - ωt + π/2) j
where E₀ and B₀ are the amplitudes of the fields, k is the wave vector, ω is the angular frequency, and i and j are unit vectors in the x- and y-directions, respectively.
Taking the cross product of E and B, we have:
E x B = E₀ B₀ sin(kx - ωt) k
Therefore, the time-averaged energy density is:
U = (1/2μ) |E x B|² = (1/2μ) E₀² B₀² sin²(kx - ωt)
Since the sine function oscillates between -1 and 1, the maximum value of sin^2(kx - ωt) is 1. Therefore, the maximum value of the energy density is:
Umax = (1/2μ) E₀² B₀²
Note that the energy density is proportional to both the electric and magnetic field strengths. However, the permeability of a conducting medium is generally less than that of free space, which means that the magnetic field is amplified relative to the electric field. This leads to a situation where the magnetic contribution to the energy density dominates over the electric contribution.
(b) The intensity of an electromagnetic wave is defined as the time-averaged power per unit area. It can be calculated using the Poynting vector:
I = <S> = (1/2μ) |E x B|²
where the brackets denote a time average.
The energy density U is related to the intensity I by:
U = I/ω
where ω is the angular frequency. Substituting the expression for U from part (a), we have:
I/ω = (1/2μ) E₀² B₀²
Solving for I, we obtain:
I = (ω/2μ) E₀² B₀²
Recall that the speed of light in a medium is given by:
v = 1/√(με)
where ε is the permittivity of the medium. Therefore, the wave number k and the angular frequency ω are related by:
k = ω/v = ω√(με)
Substituting this expression into the expression for I, we have:
I = (k/2uw) E₀²
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what is the torque produced by a force of magnitude 90 n that is exerted perpendicular to and at the end of a 0.5m long wrench
Torque is a measure of the twisting force that is produced when a force is applied to an object and is defined as the product of the force.
The distance from the pivot point to the point of application of the force, multiplied by the sine of the angle between the force vector and the vector from the pivot point to the point of application of the force.
In this case, the force of 90 N is applied perpendicular to the end of a wrench that is 0.5 m long. Assuming the force is applied at the end of the wrench, the distance from the pivot point to the point of application of the force is 0.5 m. Since the force is perpendicular to the wrench.
The angle between the force vector and the vector from the pivot point to the point of application of the force is 90 degrees. Using the formula for torque, the torque produced by the force is: Torque = force x distance x sin(angle)
Torque = 90 N x 0.5 m x sin(90)Torque = 45 Nm
Therefore, the torque produced by the force of magnitude 90 N that is exerted perpendicular to and at the end of a 0.5m long wrench is 45 Nm.
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initially a body moves in one direction and has kinetic energy k. then it moves in the opposite direction with three times its initial speed. what is the kinetic energy now?
The new kinetic energy of the object is 4.5 times its initial kinetic energy, k.
What is kinetic energy?Kinetic energy is the energy of an object due to its movement. It is equal to one-half of the object's mass multiplied by the square of its velocity.
The problem states that initially, a body moves in one direction and has kinetic energy k. Then it moves in the opposite direction at three times its initial speed.
The formula for kinetic energy is,
Ek = 1/2mv²
where, Ek = kinetic energy of the object
m = mass of the object v = velocity of the object
From the problem, the initial kinetic energy of the body is k.
Therefore, Ek1 = k
The body moves in the opposite direction at three times its initial speed.
That means the new velocity (v') of the body is 3v (where v is the initial velocity).
Thus, the new kinetic energy (Ek2):
Ek2 = 1/2m(3v)²
Ek2 = 1/2m(9v²)
Ek2 = 4.5mv²\
The new kinetic energy of the object is 4.5 times.
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radiative energy is: group of answer choices energy used to power home radiators. energy carried by light. energy from nuclear power plants. energy of motion. heat energy.
Radiative energy is the energy carried by light.
What is radiative energy?
Radiative energy is the energy carried by light. It is a form of energy that can be transmitted through space without requiring a medium for it to move through. Radiative energy can come from natural sources like the sun or artificial sources like light bulbs.
Radiative energy is important for a variety of reasons. For one thing, it is the primary source of energy for many living organisms on Earth, particularly plants. Energy from the sun helps plants photosynthesize and produce food that they can use to grow and reproduce.
Radiative energy is also important for human life. It is used in a variety of ways, including in the form of light for illuminating spaces and in the form of heat for cooking and keeping warm. Understanding the nature and properties of radiative energy is important for a wide range of scientific and technological fields.
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A light bulb in a battery-powered torch is too dim. Explain
which property of the bulb should be changed to make the light brighter, and how should it be changed
The light is brighter in a battery-powered torch, you should change the wattage or power rating of the bulb. A higher-wattage bulb will produce more light and therefore be brighter. When selecting a new bulb for the torch, make sure to choose a bulb with a higher wattage rating than the current bulb.
A battery is an electrochemical device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy through a chemical reaction. It consists of one or more electrochemical cells, each of which contains a positive electrode (cathode), a negative electrode (anode), and an electrolyte that allows ions to move between the two electrodes.
During the discharge process, a chemical reaction takes place within the battery that causes electrons to flow from the negative electrode through an external circuit to the positive electrode, generating an electrical current. This current can then be used to power a wide range of electrical devices, such as flashlights, smartphones, and cars. The chemical reaction can be reversed by recharging the battery, which involves applying an external electrical current to the electrodes to force the reaction to occur in the opposite direction.
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how long must a 0.70- mm -diameter aluminum wire be to have a 0.42 a current when connected to the terminals of a 1.5 v flashlight battery?
To determine the length of an aluminum wire required to carry a certain current, one must use the formula: r = (ρL) / (πr²), where r is the radius of the wire, ρ is the resistivity of the wire, and L is the length of the wire is 48.54 m.
What is the length of the wire?A 0.70 mm diameter aluminum wire has a radius of 0.35 mm or 0.00035 m. The resistivity of aluminum is 2.82 × 10⁻⁸Ωm. The formula for current is:
I = V / R
where, V is voltage, and R is resistance. We can rearrange this to:
R = V / I
Plugging in the given values of 0.42 A and 1.5 V gives R = 3.571 Ω. The resistance of a wire is given by:
R = ρL / A
where, A is the cross-sectional area of the wire, and ρ is its resistivity.
We know the resistivity of aluminum and the radius of the wire, so we can calculate the cross-sectional area of the wire:
A = πr² = 3.1416 × (0.00035 m)² = 3.848 x 10⁻⁷ m². Substituting all the values in the formula for the resistance of the wire and solving for L gives:
L = RA / ρ = (3.571 Ω) × (3.848 x 10⁻⁷ m²) / (2.82 × 10⁻⁸ Ωm) = 48.54 m.
Therefore, the aluminum wire must be 48.54 m long to have a current of 0.42 A when connected to the terminals of a 1.5 V flashlight battery.
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always tangent to the track, causes the car to speed up as it goes around. if it starts from rest, its speed at the end of one revolution is:
The force that is always tangent to the track and causes the car to speed up as it goes around is known as the centripetal force.
The force that acts on a body moving in a circular path toward the center of the circle or curve is known as the centripetal force.
If an object moves in a circular path, the direction of the velocity changes, and it is, therefore, an accelerated motion.
Tangential velocity is the velocity of an object that moves in a circular path at any given point in the circle. If the car begins from rest, the only velocity is tangential velocity.
Therefore, if the car begins from rest, its velocity is at the end of one revolution around the circular track with a speed.
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An unpolarized laser beam enters a container of water. The beam is partially reflected from the water-glass surface, as indicated in the figure below. For what angle of incidence will this reflected beam be completely polarized? [image attached below]
At 57.27° of angle of incidence this reflected beam will be completely polarized when initially an angle of incidence will this reflected beam be completely polarized.
The angle of incidence for which the reflected beam will be completely polarized is Brewster's angle, which is given by:
sin(θB) = n2/n1
where n1 is the refractive index of the medium that the beam is entering (in this case, water), and
n2 is the refractive index of the medium that the beam is reflecting off of (in this case, glass).
For water the refractive index n1 = 1.333 and
for glass the refractive index n2 = 1.52,
Then, sin(θB) = 1.52/1.333 = 57.27°
Therefore, the reflected beam will be completely polarized at an angle of incidence of 57.27°.
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if normal atmospheric pressure is 14.7 pounds/sq in at the surface of the earth, what is the force pushing down on a table measuring 50 inches wide by 200 inches long?
The force pushing down on the table is 147,000 pounds.
Explanation:
To calculate the force pushing down on the table, we need to determine the area of the table in square inches, and then multiply that by the pressure exerted by the atmosphere.
The area of the table is 50 inches x 200 inches = 10,000 square inches.
The pressure exerted by the atmosphere is 14.7 pounds per square inch.
So the force pushing down on the table is:
10,000 square inches x 14.7 pounds per square inch = 147,000 pounds.
If normal atmospheric pressure is 14.7 pounds/sq in at the surface of the earth. The force pushing down on a table measuring 50 inches wide by 200 inches long is 147,000 pounds.
How To Count Force Pushing Down An Object?This is because the pressure is defined as force per unit area, and the area of the table is 50 inches x 200 inches = 10,000 square inches. So, if the normal atmospheric pressure at the surface of the earth is 14.7 pounds/square inch, then the force pushing down on the table is simply pressure x area = 14.7 pounds/square inch x 10,000 square inches = 147,000 pounds.
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which of the following is not connected or involved with shock metamorphism? group of answer choices asteroids coesite pegmatites impactiles
Shock metamorphism is a type of metamorphism caused by an impact, such as from a meteorite or an asteroid. So the answer to this question is asteroids.
Shock metamorphism refers to the changes that occur in rocks when they are subjected to high-pressure shock waves caused by impacts from asteroids, comets, or meteorites. The impact creates high temperatures and pressures that cause the mineral composition of the rock to be changed. Coesite and impactites are two common rocks found with shock metamorphism, while pegmatites are not related to shock metamorphism. Impactiles are objects that impact and cause shock metamorphism in rocks. Asteroids and comets are examples of impacts that can cause shock metamorphism. Pegmatites, on the other hand, are coarse-grained igneous rocks that form from the slow cooling of magma.
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what is the magnitude and direction of the force on the vertical wire segment on the left side of the square? the magnitude should be written in terms of i, l, and b, or could be zero, and the choices of direction are: left, right, up, down, in, out.
The magnitude of the force on the vertical wire segment on the left side of the square is F = (b * i * l) / 2, and the direction is out by Fleming's left-hand rule.
This is calculated by applying the equation for the force on a wire in a uniform magnetic field: F = (B * I * l) / 2. Here, B is the magnitude of the magnetic field, I is the current running through the wire, and l is the length of the wire.
The magnitude and direction of the force on the vertical wire segment on the left side of the square are as follows. Magnitude of force
The magnetic force on the wire can be calculated using the equation
F = BILsinθ
Where, F is the magnetic force, B is the magnetic field, I is the current in the wire, L is the length of the wireθ is the angle between the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the current. In this case, the angle between the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the current is 90°.
Hence, sin 90° = 1.So,F = BIL
Direction of force The direction of the magnetic force can be determined by Fleming's left-hand rule, which states that if you point your forefinger in the direction of the magnetic field and your middle finger in the direction of the current, your thumb will point in the direction of the force.
In this case, the magnetic field is pointing into the page, and the current is flowing from top to bottom. So, if you point your forefinger into the page and your middle finger downwards, your thumb will point towards the left side of the square. Therefore, the direction of the force is left.
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Research Galileo's work on falling bodies What did he wanted to demonstrate?What arguments did he use to prove that he was right?did be used experiments logic finding of other scientists or other approaches
Galileo Galilei conducted experiments on falling bodies to demonstrate that the rate of fall is independent of an object's mass. Galileo argued that if heavier objects did indeed fall faster, then two objects of different masses tied together would fall at an intermediate speed, which he found was not the case.
He used various methods to prove his point, including rolling balls down inclined planes, dropping weights from towers, and measuring the times of fall. He also used logic and mathematical reasoning to support his conclusions. Galileo's work marked a significant shift from traditional Aristotelian physics to the empirical approach of modern science.
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