Answer:
Melanin absorbs dangerous UV rays that can do severe skin damage. But melanin can't absorb all the UV rays, and some people don't have much melanin in their skin.
Explanation:
The sun is by far the strongest source of ultraviolet radiation in our environment. Solar emissions include visible light, heat and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Just as visible light consists of different colours that become apparent in a rainbow, the UV radiation spectrum is divided into three regions called UVA, UVB and UVC. As sunlight passes through the atmosphere, all UVC and most UVB is absorbed by ozone, water vapour, oxygen and carbon dioxide. UVA is not filtered as significantly by the atmosphere.Ozone is a particularly effective absorber of UV radiation. As the ozone layer gets thinner, the protective filter activity of the atmosphere is progressively reduced. Consequently, the people and the environment are exposed to higher levels of UV radiation, especially UVB.
Ozone depletion is caused by human-made chemicals released into the atmosphere and will continue until the use of chlorine and bromine compounds is drastically reduced. International agreements, in particular the Montreal Protocol, are gradually succeeding in phasing out the production of ozone-depleting substances. However, the long life span of the chemicals already released will cause ozone depletion problems to persist for many years to come. A full recovery of the ozone level is not expected until 2050.Most UV-A does reach the surface, but UV-A does little genetic damage to tissues. UV-B is largely responsible for sunburn and skin cancer, though it is mostly absorbed by ozone before reaching the surface. Levels of UV-B radiation at the surface are especially sensitive to the amount of ozone in the stratosphere.
carbon cycle bio edge 2023
Hello I have a question about fish. How many scales a normal betta fish has?
Without the involvement of wounds or infections, natural factors can also result in scale loss in Betta fish.
General infections: what are they?We've all suffered from an illness at some point, whether it be a sinus infection, a urethral infection, or the typical cold. The organisms that cause infectious diseases include bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. They can be transmitted through direct contact from one individual to another or through a bite from an animal or insect.
Why do infections occur?An infection happens when bacteria enter the body, multiply, and trigger a response in the body. An infection requires the occurrence of three factors: Source: Environments with active infectious agents Susceptible Individual having a point of entry for germs.
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what is a non example of desublimation
Answer: Sodium sulphate
Explanation: Sodium sulphate is not an example of sublimate substance. Sublimation is the process in which there is a change of state directly from solid to gas without changing into a liquid state.
Answer:
Desublimation is a phase transition in which a gas changes directly to a solid without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
It is an exothermic phase change that occurs at temperatures and pressures below a substance’s triple point in its phase diagram.
Desublimation is also called deposition.
Desublimation is caused by a drastic loss in thermal energy from the surrounding gas due to the presence of a much cooler surface.
For example, frost formation occurs on window surfaces during the winter seasons.
This window is at a much cooler temperature, this makes the water vapor in the surrounding air to lose enough thermal energy and change directly into solid which we see as frost during winter.
Explain what will happen if the liver tissue was placed in pure water
Which of the following is not a reason that nonnative species are reared outside their native ecosystems?
Nonnative species are often reared outside their native ecosystems for various reasons, including economic, scientific, or cultural purposes.
What is Species?
In biology, a species is defined as a group of organisms that can interbreed to produce viable and fertile offspring. This means that members of the same species can mate and produce offspring that can also mate and produce offspring themselves, ensuring the continuation of the species.
The concept of a species can be used to classify and organize the vast diversity of life on Earth. However, the definition of a species is not always clear-cut, and there is ongoing debate among biologists about what exactly constitutes a species. Some alternative definitions of a species include ecological, morphological, or genetic criteria, but these definitions are not always mutually exclusive.
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Which of the following is not a reason that nonnative species are reared outside their native ecosystems?
a.
They are commercially important.
b.
They are used to replace native species.
c.
They are used for restocking programs.
d.
None of the above
How many technologies are available today capable of solving 1/7 of the problem?
Answer:
A lot, but let's take some of them it is recycling of waste, plastic, water purification.
We can look at _____________ that existed at any point in Earth’s history which gives us detailed information about the history of life. We divide Earth’s history into different Eons.
We can look at geology that existed at any point in Earth’s history which gives us detailed information about the history of life. We divide Earth’s history into different Eons.
What is the name of Earth's past?Earth's geologic past, including the development of the continents, oceans, atmosphere, and biosphere. The Earth's surface layers of rock retain evidence of the evolutionary processes that these elements of the terrestrial environment underwent during the times at which each layer was formed.The geologic time scale divides the earth's history into periods based on the types of life that have existed there since the planet's formation. Geochronologic units are what these divisions are known as (geo: rock, chronology: time).A geologist is a scientist who focuses on the processes that shape terrestrial planets and the solid, liquid, and gaseous stuff that makes up the Earth.For more information on geology kindly visit to
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In your own words, explain how science effects human lives
Answer: Science plays a crucial role in our daily lives. It is the reason why new technologies are being produced to provide us with our basic needs such as food, water, and other basic activities. Without science, there's no human growth. This is why it is thought in schools so the next generation can provide us with even more advanced technology.
Explanation:
How do solvent, solute, and solution relate to each other
16 years old female experiencing shin pain after getting kicked directly in the shin during soccer practice. what type of fracture.
What advantage did the rabbits with floppy ears have over the rabbits with striaght ears?
The advantage that rabbits with floppy ears have over rabbits with straight ears is not entirely clear, and there are different hypotheses that attempt to explain this trait.
What is Floppy Ears?
Floppy ears refer to ears that hang down rather than standing upright. This trait is commonly observed in some dog breeds, such as Basset Hounds, and in rabbits, such as the lop-eared breed.
In rabbits, the floppy ear trait is caused by a genetic mutation that affects the development of cartilage in the ear. Normally, the ear cartilage is strong enough to support the weight of the ear and keep it standing upright. However, in rabbits with the mutation, the cartilage is weaker and less able to support the weight of the ear, causing it to flop down.
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6. Detail: If resources need to make a product are very
generally
generally
then the supply is
likely to be more plentiful and easily accessible, which can result in a decrease in the product's price.
This is due to the fact that it is simpler for producers to access the materials they need to manufacture the product due to the widespread availability of resources, and price reductions due to competition among suppliers.
However, additional elements like demand, the state of the market, and governmental laws will also have an impact on the actual supply and price of a product.
A product's supply is often poor if the raw materials required to create it are extremely limited or uncommon. When resources are few, there is a low supply since production capacity is constrained.
Due to the product's scarcity, this frequently results in an increase in price, which can present problems for both producers and customers.
On the other side, if resources are plentiful, there may be a huge supply of the product, which could lead to reduced pricing because it is easier to produce. In the end, the supply of a product on the market can be significantly impacted by the cost and availability of resources.
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In a eukaryotic cell, the instructions for making proteins are physically located in the:
DNA molecules
nucleus
cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: nucleus
Explanation: The nucleus is the largest organelle in a eukaryotic cell, and it's considered the cell's control center. It contains most of the cell's DNA (which makes up chromosomes), and it is encoded with the genetic instructions for making proteins .
Give one specific example of a currently recognized problem with forensic science. In your answer, name a currently used technique and explain the reason why the scientific validity of that technique has been questioned. Lastly, explain what is being done to improve the technique, or forensic science, in general.
Answer:
One specific example of a currently recognized problem with forensic science is the use of bite mark analysis as a technique for identifying suspects in criminal cases. Bite mark analysis is a forensic technique that involves comparing the bite marks found on a victim's body or other surfaces with the dental impressions of a suspect in order to identify the perpetrator.
The scientific validity of bite mark analysis has been questioned in recent years due to several factors. One of the main criticisms of bite mark analysis is that it is subjective and lacks a scientific basis. There is no established protocol for analyzing bite marks, and the interpretation of the marks is often based on the subjective opinions of the analyst. This subjectivity can lead to unreliable results and wrongful convictions.
Additionally, recent studies have shown that bite mark analysis is not as reliable as previously thought. In one study, experts were asked to analyze bite mark evidence from a real criminal case. The results showed that the experts could not agree on whether the bite marks were consistent with the suspect's dental records, highlighting the unreliability of the technique.
To improve the scientific validity of bite mark analysis, efforts are being made to develop more objective and standardized methods for analyzing bite marks. Some researchers are exploring the use of digital imaging and computer analysis to improve the accuracy and reliability of bite mark analysis. Additionally, some forensic organizations have called for a reevaluation of the use of bite mark analysis in criminal cases and have recommended that the technique be used only in conjunction with other types of evidence. Overall, these efforts are aimed at improving the reliability and accuracy of forensic science techniques, and ensuring that they are based on scientific principles.
The body uses the cell-mediated immune response primarily against ?
- extracellular pathogens
- intracellular pathogens.
-parasitic worms
- allergens
The immune response mediated by cells is mostly used by the body against intracellular pathogens.
What defenses does the body have against extracellular pathogens?Infection is prevented or delayed by innate immunity, which is mediated by neutrophils, NK cells, NKT cells, T cells, complement, and microbicidal chemicals, until adaptive immunity may also react to the pathogen. Antibody-coated extracellular substances are eliminated by complement- and antibody-mediated processes.
Is intracellular pathogen immunity possible with cells?According to the accepted wisdom in the area, humoral immunity is crucial for defense against extracellular infections whereas cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is more significant for defense against intracellular pathogens.
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If the statement is true, select True. If it is false, select False.
When you have an infectious disease, toxins are in your body causing harm.
True
False
Explanation:
Can toxins cause infectious diseases?
Toxins produced by bacteria are integral to infectious-disease processes, as they are predominantly responsible for clinical manifestations.Oct
Cell Division Virtual Lab Activity
Instructions: The Virtual Cell Division Lab is on the lesson assessment page. On the image, it says “Click Anywhere to Start.” Follow the instructions as you move through the lab. The lab activity will keep count of your data on the right, and you can record this into the data table.
Title:
Objective(s):
Hypothesis:
Variables:
Data:
Record the number of cells you observed in the lab activity.
Stages Number of Cells
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
Observations:
Record any observations about the cells you observed. What does the cell look like for each stage? What is a distinguishing visible feature of each stage of the cell cycle?
Stages Description of Cell
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
Data Analysis:
Part 1: Calculate the percentage of the cell cycle spent in each stage. Number of cells in given stage ÷ total number of cells counted × 100 = % of the cell cycle spent in this stage
Part 2: Using your percentages in part 1, create a graph that represents the time spent in each stage of the cell cycle.
Insert chart [Hint: Don’t forget to consider the relationship between your data and the type of chart to best represent your data.]
Conclusion:
Include the following as a summary paragraph in the conclusion of your lab report:
Analysis of the results of the experiment
Based on your data, what can you infer about the length of time spent in each stage of the cell cycle?
What stages were the longest and shortest? Give a brief explanation of why these stages may have that time period.
Rationale for the support or rejection of the hypothesis
Questions:
Using what you have learned in the lesson and the virtual lab activity, answer the following questions in complete sentences.
What differences can you see when you compare the nucleus of a dividing cell with that of a non-dividing cell?
If your observation had not been restricted to the tip of the onion root, how would the results be different?
During interphase, the cell is in a period of growth and DNA replication. The cell appears round and the nucleus is visible.
What is Cell Division?
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells, allowing living organisms to grow, develop, and repair tissues. Cell division is also necessary for the replication of genetic material and the transmission of genetic information from one generation of cells to the next.
During prophase, the chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves. The spindle fibers begin to form.
During metaphase, the chromosomes align in the middle of the cell along the metaphase plate, and the spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores on each chromosome.
During anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell by the spindle fibers.
During telophase, the nuclear membrane reforms around the separated chromosomes, which begin to decondense. The spindle fibers break down.
During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm divides to form two separate daughter cells.
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The cumulonimbus cloud is associated with __________ to very severe weather with thunder and lightning.
The albedo effect causes a positive feedback loop that causes temperatures in the arctic to rise faster than in other areas. Which is one impact this has on other systems on Earth?
A. This causes more sunlight to be reflected off the surface and into space.
B. This causes organisms in Arctic ecosystems to find more food and shelter.
C. This causes sea levels to rise, potentially destroying coastal habitats.
D. This causes carbon dioxide to be released, which reduces the rate of climate change.
Answer:
The correct answer is C. This causes sea levels to rise, potentially destroying coastal habitats.
Explanation:
The albedo effect is a feedback loop in which the amount of sunlight reflected by the Earth's surface affects the amount of heat absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere. In the Arctic, the loss of ice and snow cover due to warming temperatures leads to a decrease in the surface's albedo, which in turn leads to more heat being absorbed, further warming the region. This warming can cause sea ice to melt, which contributes to rising sea levels. As sea levels rise, coastal habitats can be destroyed, leading to the loss of biodiversity and increased risk of flooding and other coastal hazards.
what are two disadvantages of selective breeding
Answer:
a decrease in the genetic variety and discomfort for animals with very pronounced traits.
Milk of magnesia is a slippery, bitter-tasting white substance that is commonly used as a laxative. If the pH of milk of magnesia is between 10 and 11, it can best be described as a
A.
moderate base.
B.
strong acid.
C.
moderate acid.
D.
neutral compound.
A. Moderate base.
A basic material is magnesium hydroxide, also referred to as milk of magnesia or Mg(OH)2. The pH range of Milk of Magnesia is between 10 and 11, making it a fairly basic compound. If a material has a pH value greater than 7, it is classified as basic; the stronger the base, the higher the pH value. Due to its pH being just slightly above 7, Milk of Magnesia is classified as a weak base.
A weak base known as milk of magnesia is a basic material with a pH between 10 and 11. A substance is referred to as a base if its pH value is greater than 7; the stronger the base, the higher the pH value. Due to its pH being just slightly above 7, Milk of Magnesia is classified as a weak base. The ability of milk of magnesia to counteract gastric acid and aid in the relief of constipation makes it an efficient laxative.
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Which coal field location is related to coal fields in the United States and supports the theory of continental drift? India, Africa, Australia, Europe.
Answer: Europe
Explanation: I took the test
Question 5 of 10
Approximately how long does it take for coal to form?
OA. 1000 years
OB. 100 million years
C. 10 years
O D. 1 year
Answer: I’m not sure the exact answer, but the only reasonable answer there is 100 million years, so I’m sure it might be C.
Explanation:
100 million years is the most accurate option for the approximate duration of coal formation. Therefore option A is correct.
Coal is formed from the remains of plant material that accumulated in ancient swamps and marshes.
Over time, as these organic materials were buried by sediment, heat, and pressure gradually transformed them into coal. The process of coalification involves the gradual breakdown of complex organic compounds into carbon-rich coal.
The various stages of coal formation, from peat to lignite, sub-bituminous coal, bituminous coal, and finally anthracite, occur over millions of years.
This slow geological process highlights the long-term nature of coal formation and its dependence on specific geological conditions and timescales.
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What ratio of guinea pigs in the offspring would you predict from a Ss x ss cross?
All the offspring will have a recessive allele, but only half of them will have a dominant allele. Therefore, the predicted ratio of genotypes in the offspring is 1:1 for Ss:ss or 50%:50%.
What is Offspring?
Offspring refers to the biological or genetic descendants of an organism, usually produced through sexual or asexual reproduction. In the context of sexual reproduction, offspring are the result of the fusion of genetic material from two parents, each contributing half of the offspring's genetic makeup. The offspring inherit a unique combination of genetic traits from their parents, which determine their physical and behavioral characteristics.
Assuming "S" is dominant and "s" is recessive, the genotype of the parent Ss can produce two types of gametes, S or s. On the other hand, the genotype of the parent ss can only produce one type of gamete, s. Therefore, the possible genotypes of the offspring from this cross are:
Ss (offspring with one dominant and one recessive allele)
ss (offspring with two recessive alleles)
To determine the ratio of genotypes in the offspring, we can use a Punnett square:
| S | s
--|---|--
s | Ss| ss
s | Ss| ss
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Two reasons why the doctor wants to collect eggs just before they are released naturally
Answer:
The doctor may want to collect eggs just before they are released naturally for the following reasons:
Timing: Collecting eggs just before they are released naturally allows the doctor to have better control over the timing of the egg retrieval process. This is important because the timing of the egg retrieval is critical to the success of the procedure. By collecting eggs just before they are released naturally, the doctor can ensure that the eggs are retrieved at the optimal time for fertilization.
Quantity: Collecting eggs just before they are released naturally allows the doctor to collect a larger number of eggs than would be possible with natural ovulation. This is because the doctor can stimulate the ovaries with medications to produce multiple eggs, which can then be collected during the egg retrieval process. By collecting a larger number of eggs, the chances of a successful fertilization and pregnancy are increased.
Briefly describe the 5 factors that influence recall.*
Answer:
1. Encoding: The way information is initially processed and stored in memory can affect recall. Information that is encoded deeply, such as through elaboration or association with existing knowledge, is more likely to be remembered than information that is encoded superficially.
2. Retrieval cues: The presence of cues or prompts that are associated with the information being recalled can facilitate retrieval. These cues may be external (such as environmental context) or internal (such as emotional state).
3. Interference: Other information that is similar to or competes with the target information can interfere with recall. This may occur due to proactive interference (when previously learned information interferes with new learning) or retroactive interference (when new learning interferes with previously learned information).
4. Time: The amount of time between encoding and retrieval can affect recall. Memory tends to decay over time, but this decay can be slowed by rehearsal or consolidation processes.
5. Individual differences: Factors such as age, intelligence, and personality can influence recall ability. For example, older adults may have more difficulty recalling specific details due to age-related changes in memory processes.
Amoeba are freshwater protists. What would happen to the amoeba if it was removed from the freshwater and placed into a saltwater pool? EXPLAIN. (Hint: think about osmosis)
Answer:
Amoeba are single-celled organisms that live in freshwater environments. To regulate osmotic pressure, most freshwater amoebae have a contractile vacuole (CV) that expels excess water from the cell. Water is transferred across the amoeba’s cell membrane by osmosis. Without a CV, the cell would fill with excess water and eventually burst.
If an amoeba was removed from freshwater and placed into salt water, it would be exposed to a hypertonic environment. This means there would be a higher concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside. In this case, water would move out of the cell by osmosis to try to balance out the concentration of solutes on either side of the membrane.
Explanation:
When an amoeba is placed into a hypertonic environment, such as salt water, the concentration of solutes outside the cell is higher than inside. This causes water to move out of the cell through the process of osmosis, which leads to the cell shrinking and becoming dehydrated. Without a contractile vacuole to expel excess water, the amoeba would eventually die due to dehydration.
Is it the paternal or maternal gamete that determines sex? Explain
Answer:
Sex of the baby is determined by the paternal gamete
Explanation:
Sex of the baby is determined at the time of fertilization as during this time the sperm from the male and the ovum from the female fuse with each other.
Women are homogametic and produce one type of ovum (maternal gamete) (22+X).
However the male companion is heterogametic and produces two types of sperm (paternal gamete) i.e. one 22+X and the other 22+Y in identical amounts.
Therefore the zygote would be off (44+XX or 44+XY) chromosomes depending on which kind of sperm fertilizes the ovum.
The zygote carrying 44+XX chromosomes would be a male baby whereas the other carrying 44+XY would be a female baby.
Therefore the sex of the baby is determined by the paternal gamete and not by the maternal gamete at the time of fertilization.
The mother gives an X chromosome to the child. The father may contribute an X or a Y. The chromosome from the father determines if the baby is born as male or female.
State any two Precautions you need to take while using the Microscope
Avoid using your fingers to contact the glass portion of the Microscope. To clean the glasses, only use specialised lens paper. When not in use, always keep your lens covered.
Can you not use the lens while doing this?Never use your fingertips to touch the lenses. The grease your body makes smears the glass. If this oil is kept on for too long, it may even etch the glass. You should only clean the window with LENS PAPER.
What dangers come with using a microscope?When using a microscope that is not at the proper height and angle, the user must hunch over and apply pressure to their forearms with the work area. As a consequence, prolonged microscope use frequently results in strains in the neck, forearms, and eyes.
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Briefly describe how an individual dog is an example of a system 
An individual dog is an example of a system because it is a complex and organized entity made up of various interconnected parts that work together to perform functions and achieve certain goals.
The different parts of a dog, such as its organs, tissues, cells, and molecules, all have specific roles to play in maintaining the overall health and wellbeing of the dog. These parts are interconnected and interact with each other through various processes, such as digestion, respiration, circulation, and nervous system activity.
Furthermore, the dog is influenced by its environment and interacts with it through various inputs and outputs. For example, the dog takes in food and water and expels waste products, and it responds to external stimuli such as sounds, smells, and visual cues.
Thus, a dog can be seen as a system with various subsystems that work together to maintain the overall functioning of the organism, while also interacting with the external environment in a dynamic and complex way.
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