a. The current cost of equity is 17.25%. b. The cost of equity after the firm increases its leverage to 75% of equity is 22.2%.
a. The firm's current cost of equity can be calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) formula:
Cost of Equity = Risk-Free Rate + Beta * (Market Risk Premium)
In this case, the Risk-Free Rate is the ten-year bond rate, which is 6.25%. The Beta is the unlevered beta, which is 2.0. The Market Risk Premium is the historical risk premium over the risk-free rate, which is 5.5%.
Plugging these values into the CAPM formula gives us:
Cost of Equity = 6.25% + 2.0 * (5.5%) = 17.25%
Therefore, the firm's current cost of equity is 17.25%.
b. To estimate the firm's cost of equity after increasing its leverage to 75% of equity, we first need to calculate the firm's levered beta using the Hamada equation:
Levered Beta = Unlevered Beta * (1 + (1 - Tax Rate) * (Debt/Equity))
In this case, the Unlevered Beta is 2.0, the Tax Rate is 0.4, and the Debt/Equity ratio is 0.75.
Plugging these values into the Hamada equation gives us:
Levered Beta = 2.0 * (1 + (1 - 0.4) * (0.75)) = 2.9
Now we can use the CAPM formula again, but with the levered beta instead of the unlevered beta:
Cost of Equity = 6.25% + 2.9 * (5.5%) = 22.2%
Therefore, the firm's cost of equity after increasing its leverage to 75% of equity is 22.2%.
Note: The question is incomplete. The complete question probably is: HiFlyer Corporation currently has no debt. Its tax rate is 0.4, and its unlevered beta is estimated by examining comparable companies to be 2.0. The ten-year bond rate is 6.25%, and the historical risk premium over the risk-free rate is 5.5%. Next year, HiFlyer expects to borrow up to 75% of its equity value to fund future growth. a. Calculate the firm’s current cost of equity. b. Estimate the firm’s cost of equity after the firm increases its leverage to 75% of equity.
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It has three types of jeans all of which require the same production facilities. Estimates for the next month have been made as follows: Product X Y Z £ £ £ Selling price per unit (£) 200 150 120The same machine is used to produce all three products and hence, fixed cost is not affected. The business has a machine time capacity of 30,000 hours per month Total fixed cost per month is £54,000. Required: A) With supported workings, show which combination of products to be produced to achieve the highest profit for the company. Clearly show your workings which show the no of units to be produced, total contribution and total profit/(Loss).
In order to achieve the highest profit, the company should produce Product X. The number of units to be produced is 10,000, the total contribution is £2,000,000, and the total profit is £1,946,000.
To find the combination of products that will result in the highest profit:
1. First we need to calculate the contribution margin for each product. The contribution margin is the difference between the selling price and the variable cost of a product.
Contribution Margin = Selling Price - Variable Cost
Product X:
Contribution Margin = £200 - £0 = £200
Product Y:
Contribution Margin = £150 - £0 = £150
Product Z:
Contribution Margin = £120 - £0 = £120
2. Next, we need to calculate the number of units that can be produced with the available machine time. Since all three products require the same production facilities, we can assume that they all require the same amount of machine time. Therefore, we can divide the total machine time by the number of products to find the number of units that can be produced for each product.
Number of Units = Total Machine Time / Number of Products
Number of Units = 30,000 / 3 = 10,000 units
3. Now we can calculate the total contribution for each product by multiplying the contribution margin by the number of units.
Total Contribution = Contribution Margin * Number of Units
Product X:
Total Contribution = £200 * 10,000 = £2,000,000
Product Y:
Total Contribution = £150 * 10,000 = £1,500,000
Product Z:
Total Contribution = £120 * 10,000 = £1,200,000
4. Finally, we can calculate the total profit for each product by subtracting the total fixed cost from the total contribution.
Total Profit = Total Contribution - Total Fixed Cost
Product X:
Total Profit = £2,000,000 - £54,000 = £1,946,000
Product Y:
Total Profit = £1,500,000 - £54,000 = £1,446,000
Product Z:
Total Profit = £1,200,000 - £54,000 = £1,146,000
Based on these calculations, the company should produce Product X to achieve the highest profit. The number of units to be produced is 10,000, the total contribution is £2,000,000, and the total profit is £1,946,000.
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A manufacturer of household cleaning products is interested in learning what motivates consumers to buy its products. What needs do you think consumers are trying to satisfy when buying and using these products? 4. Although water is free, many consumers choose to pay. What needs do you think consumers are seeking to satisfy when they purchase bottled water? (Write minimum 400 words.)
Answer:
The interest in household cleaning products that would motivate consumers to buy would be: does it work, price, safety, and eco friendly.
Bottled water interest would be safer and better tasting as well as cost and recyclability.
Explanation:
A person looking to buy household cleaners wants to know how well the product cleans and if it does infact cleanse things as advertised. Next, they want to know how much it is going to cost them. People want to know how safe the chemicals will be for their families and pets. A lot of people will now be more inclined to purchase household cleaners that are more eco-friendly.
People are interested in buying bottled water because the water has been filtered and purified. Not only does that make the water cleaner, but it also tastes better than water from the faucet. People want to know how much the water will cost for different amounts and how recyclable the plastic is.
When consumers purchase household cleaning products, they are likely looking to achieve cleanliness and sanitation for their home and its occupants. In addition, these products often promise to remove dirt, bacteria, allergens, and other potentially hazardous elements from the home, which further motivates consumers to purchase them.
When it comes to purchasing bottled water, consumers are likely looking to gain convenience, portability, and easy access to a clean, healthy water source. Bottled water can also be seen as a status symbol, as those who purchase it are able to enjoy it anywhere and anytime, unlike those who rely on public sources of water.
In addition, bottled water is often more readily available than tap water in certain locations, further adding to its appeal. Finally, some consumers may seek a feeling of comfort or safety when drinking bottled water, as they know it is free of potential contaminants that may be present in public sources.
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JKL Co. issues zero coupon bonds on the market at a price of $364 per bond. Each bond has a face value of $1,000 payable at maturity in 14 years. What is the yield to maturity for these bonds (in percent)? Answer to two decimals.Assume 1,000 par value and semi annual compounding
The yield to maturity for these bonds is 4.92%.
The yield to maturity for these bonds can be calculated using the formula:
Yield to maturity = (Face value / Price)^(1 / Number of periods) - 1
In this case, the face value is $1,000, the price is $364, and the number of periods is 14 x 2 = 28 (since there is semi-annual compounding).
Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
Yield to maturity = ($1,000 / $364)^(1 / 28) - 1
Yield to maturity = 1.0492 - 1
Yield to maturity = 0.0492
To convert this to a percentage and round to two decimals, we multiply by 100 and round:
Yield to maturity = 0.0492 x 100 = 4.92%
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Aurora is about to purchase maintenance medicines for her cholesterol level and diabities priced at 14.50 and 5.75 per piece respectively. Both prices are inclusive of 12% VAT. If she purchased 30 pieces of each medicine and uses her senior citizen card which grants her a 20% discount after removing the 12% VAT from the selling price, how much does she need to pay?
Aurora is about to purchase maintenance medicines for her cholesterol level and diabities priced at 14.50 and 5.75 per piece respectively. Both prices are inclusive of 12% VAT. If she purchased 30 pieces of each medicine and uses her senior citizen card which grants her a 20% discount after removing the 12% VAT from the selling price, Aurora needs to pay 433.92 for the maintenance medicines.
To find the total amount Aurora needs to pay for the maintenance medicines, we need to do the following steps:
1. Find the price of each medicine before VAT.
2. Find the total price of the medicines before VAT.
3. Apply the senior citizen discount.
4. Find the total amount Aurora needs to pay.
Step 1: Find the price of each medicine before VAT.
- For the cholesterol medicine: 14.50 / 1.12 = 12.95
- For the diabetes medicine: 5.75 / 1.12 = 5.13
Step 2: Find the total price of the medicines before VAT.
- For the cholesterol medicine: 12.95 x 30 = 388.50
- For the diabetes medicine: 5.13 x 30 = 153.90
- Total price before VAT: 388.50 + 153.90 = 542.40
Step 3: Apply the senior citizen discount.
- 542.40 x 0.20 = 108.48
- 542.40 - 108.48 = 433.92
Step 4: Find the total amount Aurora needs to pay.
- The total amount Aurora needs to pay is 433.92.
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a)Consider the various types of utility the logistics management provides to customers and the definition of SC surplus. Accordingly, describe how the "customer value" impacts SC surplus.
b)Describe the postponement (i.e., delayed product differentiation) strategy. Explain, by an industrial example, how postponement enables mass customization.
a) When it comes to logistics management, customer value is the sum total of all the benefits and utility the customer gains from the service. Customer value impacts SC surplus because it helps increase customer loyalty and satisfaction, which can increase sales and profits.
b) Postponement (or delayed product differentiation) is a supply chain strategy that focuses on delaying the production of product until the very last stage. An example of postponement in the industrial sector is an automobile assembly line.
a) The various types of utility that logistics management provides to customers are time, place, form, and possession utility. Time utility refers to having the product available when the customer wants it, place utility refers to having the product available where the customer wants it, form utility refers to having the product in the form the customer wants it, and possession utility refers to the customer being able to take ownership of the product.
These utilities contribute to the customer value, which is the difference between the benefits a customer receives from a product and the costs associated with acquiring and using the product. When the customer value is high, the supply chain (SC) surplus is also high because the customer is willing to pay more for the product, leading to higher profits for the company.
b) The postponement strategy is a supply chain strategy in which a company delays the final differentiation of a product until the last possible moment. This allows for mass customization, where a company can produce a large quantity of products but still customize them to meet the individual needs of the customer.
An example of this is Dell, which uses the postponement strategy to customize computers for their customers. Dell keeps a large inventory of computer components and only assembles the final product when an order is placed. This allows them to offer a wide range of customization options without having to keep a large inventory of finished products.
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2. You have the chance to start a company with the following annual profits (losses) for the first five years:
-1M, 0, 2M. 5M. 25M
What is the NPV of this investment opportunity if the discount rate is 12%?
3. What is the IRR of this investment opportunity described in #2?
[Note: You can use Excel or other calculators; be careful as the cash flows don't follow an exact pattern such as a constant annuity ]
The NPV (Net Present Value) of an investment opportunity is the present value of the expected future cash flows minus the initial investment. The IRR (Internal Rate of Return) is the discount rate at which the NPV of the investment opportunity is equal to zero. To calculate the NPV of this investment opportunity, we can use the following formula:
NPV = [tex]∑(Ct / (1 + r)^t) - C0[/tex]
Where:
Ct = the annual profit (or loss) in year t r = the discount rate
C0 = the initial investment
Plugging in the values from the question:
NPV = [tex](-1M / (1 + 0.12)^1) + (0 / (1 + 0.12)^2) + (2M / (1 + 0.12)^3) + (5M / (1 + 0.12)^4) + (25M / (1 + 0.12)^5) - 0[/tex]
NPV = -$19,177,629.57
Therefore, the NPV of this investment opportunity is -$19,177,629.57.
To calculate the IRR of this investment opportunity, we can use the IRR function in Excel or other calculators. The IRR function calculates the discount rate at which the NPV of the investment opportunity is equal to zero. In Excel, the formula would be:
=IRR([-1M, 0, 2M, 5M, 25M])
The IRR of this investment opportunity is 56.92%. Therefore, the IRR of this investment opportunity is 56.92%.
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Dr Skywalker has been running a furniture manufacturing business in his own personal capacity as a sole proprietor. In January 2015, he set up Sky Sdn Bhd, a private company limited by shares for the business of furniture manufacturing. Both Dr Skywalker and Mrs Skywalker are the directors of the company.Although the business run by Dr Skywalker was worth RM100, 000, Dr Skywalker transferred the business to the company for RM200, 000. The company in exchange for the business granted Dr Skywalker a charge for RM200, 000 on the company’s properties.Upon the company being set up, Dr Skywalker purchased insurance from Insurance Sdn Bhd for the furniture belonging to the company under his own personal name. Two months after purchasing the insurance, the furniture of the company was destroyed by fire. The company incurred a huge loss of 6 months business resulting in a loss of RM10, 000.Since then, the company has suffered huge loss and does not have any profit available for dividends. However, Dr Skywalker still causes the company to declare dividends out of the capital of the company. Recently, the company is wound-up by the court on the ground of the company being unable to pay its debts to its business partners.required1)Discuss whether Dr Skywalker is entitled to receive the RM200,000 from the company for transferring his business to the company? (15 m)
No, Dr. Skywalker is not entitled to receive the RM200,000 from the company for transferring his business to the company. This is because the value of the business was only RM100,000 and he transferred it to the company for RM200,000, which is twice the value of the business. This is a breach of the director's fiduciary duty to act in the best interest of the company and to not make a personal profit at the expense of the company.
Additionally, the company granted Dr. Skywalker a charge for RM200,000 on the company’s properties in exchange for the business, which is also a breach of fiduciary duty as it creates a conflict of interest for Dr. Skywalker as a director of the company.
Furthermore, Dr. Skywalker purchased insurance for the furniture belonging to the company under his own personal name, which is another breach of fiduciary duty as it is not in the best interest of the company. This also resulted in the company not being able to claim the insurance when the furniture was destroyed by fire, leading to a huge loss for the company.
Lastly, Dr. Skywalker caused the company to declare dividends out of the capital of the company even though the company did not have any profit available for dividends. This is a breach of fiduciary duty as it is not in the best interest of the company and its shareholders.
Therefore, Dr. Skywalker is not entitled to receive the RM200,000 from the company for transferring his business to the company as he has breached his fiduciary duty as a director of the company.
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"Everglades Consultants takes out a loan in the amount of
$375,000 on April 1. The terms of the loan include a repayment of
principal in eight, equal installments, paid annually from the
April 1 date. the annual interest rate on loan is 5% December 31st. (Round answer to the nearest cent, if appropriate.) A. Compute the interest accrued on December 31 of year 1. B. Compute the principal due in year
The interest accrued on December 31 of year 1 is $14,062.50 and the principal due in year 1 is $46,875
A. The interest accrued on December 31 of year 1 can be calculated using the simple interest formula, I = P × R × T, where I is the interest, P is the principal, R is the annual interest rate, and T is the time in years. In this case, P = $375,000, R = 5%, and T = 9/12 (since the loan was taken out on April 1 and the interest is being calculated on December 31, which is 9 months later). Plugging these values into the formula gives:
I = $375,000 × 5% × 9/12
I = $14,062.50
Therefore, the interest accrued on December 31 of year 1 is $14,062.50.
B. The principal due in year 1 is the total principal divided by the number of installments, or $375,000 / 8 = $46,875. Therefore, the principal due in year 1 is $46,875.
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The Krasnapolski is a top-of-the-line hotel in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Among their many services, they rent bicycles to guests who arrive randomly throughout the day. They have 30 bikes, with 8 guests renting a bicycle each day during the summer season. Guests keep bicycles for three days on average, with a standard deviation of three days. On average, how long does a customer have to wait for a bicycle (in terms of days)? Please provide a process flows diagram as well.
A) 80%
B) 3.11 days
C) 0.05 days
D) 0.11 days
On average, a guest would have to wait for 0.3 days to rent a bicycle at Hotel Krasnapolski during the summer season.
How long does a customer have to wait for a bicycle?To calculate the average waiting time for a bicycle, we need to use the formula:
Average waiting time = (average rental period + half of the standard deviation) / number of available bicycles
The average rental period is given as 3 days, and the standard deviation is also given as 3 days. We have 30 bicycles available for rent, and 8 guests rent a bicycle each day during the summer season.
So, we can plug these values into the formula: The average waiting time:
= (3 + 0.5*3) / 30 * (8/1)
= 0.3 days per guest
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When a researcher selects the most accessible population members from whom to collect information, he/she is using --- sampling procedure. *ClusterJudgementConvenience2. According to ----- Random sampling procedure, a researcher first selects a member of the population on a random basis and then every Nth (e.g. 5th or 7th) person is elected. *StratifiedClusterSystematicSimpleStratified3. Which of the following is True about Nature of Personality? *All of them are not nature of personalityPersonality is consistent and enduringPersonality reflects Individual similaritiesPersonality cannot change4.Which of the following one is not true about materialistic people? *Lifestyle full of possessionsTheir possessions give them satisfactionSelfish and self-centeredShowing of possessions
1. When a researcher selects the most accessible population members from whom to collect information, he/she is using Convenience. sampling procedure.
2. According to systematic random sampling procedure, a researcher first selects a member of the population on a random basis and then every Nth (e.g. 5th or 7th) person is elected.
3. One thing that is true about personality is Personality is consistent and enduring.
4. The correct answer is their possessions give them satisfaction.
1. When a researcher selects the most accessible population members from whom to collect information, he/she is using convenience sampling procedure. This type of sampling is used when the researcher wants to collect data quickly and easily.
2.This type of sampling is used when the researcher wants to ensure that the sample is representative of the population.
3. This is one of the key characteristics of personality, which is the unique and relatively stable pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that define an individual.
4. Materialistic people are typically more focused on acquiring and showing off possessions than on the satisfaction they get from those possessions. They may be selfish and self-centered, and their lifestyle may be full of possessions, but the satisfaction they get from those possessions is not a defining characteristic of materialistic people.
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Is transformational leadership different from
charismatic leadership? Justify your answer
Yes, transformational leadership is different from charismatic leadership.
Transformational leadership is a leadership style in which leaders work with their followers to identify needed change, create a shared vision, and execute the change together.
Transformational leaders focus on the development and growth of their followers, empowering them to take on more responsibility and become leaders themselves. They also foster a sense of collaboration and teamwork, and work to build strong, trusting relationships with their followers.
However, charismatic leaders may not always focus on the development and growth of their followers, and may rely more on their personal charisma than on collaboration and teamwork.
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Jennifer owes $600 due in 9 months and $1,500 plus 6% interest due in 3
months. She wants to pay off both debts in a single payment in 11 months.
How much should she pay if the money is worth 5%?
Jennifer should pay $2220.34 if the money is worth 5% and if she wants to pay off both debts in a single payment in 11 months.
Jennifer's total debt is $600 + $1500 + 6% interest on $1500. If she wants to pay off both debts in a single payment in 11 months, she needs to calculate the total amount she owes including interest.
To calculate the interest on the $1500 debt, we use the formula I = PRT, where P is the principal ($1500), R is the interest rate (6% or 0.06), and T is the time in years (3 months or 0.25 years).
I = 1500 * 0.06 * 0.25 = $22.50
So, the total amount Jennifer owes for the $1500 debt is $1500 + $22.50 = $1522.50.
Next, we need to calculate the interest on the total amount she owes if she pays it off in 11 months. Again, we use the formula I = PRT, where P is the principal ($600 + $1522.50 = $2122.50), R is the interest rate (5% or 0.05), and T is the time in years (11 months or 0.92 years).
I = 2122.50 * 0.05 * 0.92 = $97.84
Finally, we add the interest to the total amount Jennifer owes to get the final amount she should pay in 11 months:
$2122.50 + $97.84 = $2220.34
Therefore, Jennifer should pay $2220.34 in 11 months to pay off both debts in a single payment.
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When north caroline increased the price of vanity license plates from $30 to $40 the quantity demanded:
1)lost revenue is represented by areas C and E while gained revenue is represented by area A
2)gained revenue is represented by areas B, C, D and E while lost revenue is represented by area A
3)gained revenue is represented by areas C and E while lost revenue is represented by area A
4)lost revenue is represented by areas B, C, D and E while gained revenue is represented by area A
The right alternative is 1. Lost revenue is represented by areas C and E while gained revenue is represented by area A.
In economics, the phrase "quantity demanded" describes the total quantity of an item or service that consumers demand over a defined period of time. A market's level of equilibrium is determined by the cost of a good or service. The demand curve, or simply the demand, is the relationship that exists between the amount demanded and the price. The elasticity of demand measures how much the cost of the quantity demanded varies. A change in the specific quantity of a product that consumers are willing and able to purchase is referred to as a shift in the quantity requested. A variation in pricing resulted in this change in the required amount.
The item's price has an impact on the required amount. Demand will decrease as the price rises. As the price declines, demand will increase. There is a negative relationship between price and demand.
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Problem 1 A research report produced by a dealer includes the following table: USD/EUR CHF/USD USD/GBP Spot Rate 1.1701 0.9900 1.3118 Expected Spot Rate in One Year 1.1619 0.9866 1.3066 Answer the following based on the table above:
1. What is the spot CHF/EUR cross-rate?
2. What is the spot GBP/EUR cross-rate?
3. By how much is the Euro expected to appreciate against the US dollar over the next year? Express your answer as a percentage.
4. By how much the US dollar is expected to appreciate by how much against the British pound over the next year? Express your answer as a percentage.
5. Over the next year, decide whether the Swiss franc is expected:
a. to appreciate or depreciate against the GBP. What is the percentage?
b. to appreciate or depreciate against the EUR. What is the percentage?
6. Based on the table above, list the three currencies of USD, GBP, and EUR from strongest to weakest over the next year?
7. Based on the exhibit, list the three currencies of GBP, CHF, and EUR in order of appreciating the most to appreciating the least (in percentage terms) against the USD over the next year?
1. The spot CHF/EUR cross-rate is 1.1804.
2. The spot GBP/EUR cross-rate is 1.3279.
3. The Euro is expected to appreciate against the US dollar by 0.0082 or 0.71% over the next year.
4. The US dollar is expected to appreciate against the British pound by 0.0052 or 0.40% over the next year.
5.a. The Swiss franc is expected to appreciate against the GBP by 0.0134 or 1.35%.
b. The Swiss franc is expected to depreciate against the EUR by 0.0035 or 0.36%.
6. USD, EUR, GBP from strongest to weakest over the next year.
7. GBP, EUR, CHF from appreciating the most to appreciating the least (in percentage terms) against the USD over the next year.
How to calculateThe spot CHF/EUR cross-rate can be calculated by dividing the spot rate of CHF/USD by the spot rate of USD/EUR. This gives us: Spot CHF/EUR = 0.9900 / 1.1701 = 0.8457 The spot GBP/EUR cross-rate can be calculated by dividing the spot rate of GBP/USD by the spot rate of USD/EUR. This gives us: Spot GBP/EUR = 1.3118 / 1.1701 = 1.1213 The Euro is expected to appreciate against the US dollar by (1.1701 - 1.1619) / 1.1701 = 0.0070, or 0.70%. The US dollar is expected to appreciate against the British pound by (1.3118 - 1.3066) / 1.3118 = 0.0040, or 0.40%. Over the next year, the Swiss franc is expected to appreciate against the GBP by (0.9900 - 0.9866) / 0.9900 = 0.0034, or 0.34%. It is also expected to appreciate against the EUR by (0.8457 - 0.8449) / 0.8457 = 0.0009, or 0.09%. Based on the table above, the three currencies of USD, GBP, and EUR are expected to be strongest to weakest in the following order: EUR, GBP, USD. Based on the table above, the three currencies of GBP, CHF, and EUR are expected to appreciate the most to least (in percentage terms) against the USD in the following order: EUR (0.70%), CHF (0.34%), GBP (0.40%).Learn more about cross rate at
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Start with the partial model in the file Ch11 P18 Build a Model.xlsx . The stock of Gao Computing sells for $60, and last year's dividend was $3.17. Security analysts are projecting that the common dividend will grow at a rate of 8% a year. A flotation cost of 13% would be required to issue new common stock. Gao's preferred stock sells for $44.44, pays a dividend of $3.60 per share, and new preferred stock could be sold with a flotation cost of 10%. The firm has outstanding bonds with 20 years to maturity, a 9% annual coupon rate, semiannual payments, and $1,000 par value. The bonds are trading at $839.54. The tax rate is 25%. The market risk premium is 6%, the risk-free rate is 6.5%, and Gao's beta is 1.2. In its cost- of-capital calculations, Gao uses a target capital structure with 45% debt, 5% preferred stock, and 50% common equity. The data has been collected in the Microsoft Excel file below. Download the spreadsheet and perform the required analysis to answer the questions below. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places. a. Calculate the cost of each capital component-in other words, the after-tax cost of debt, the cost of preferred stock (including flotation costs), and the cost of equity (ignoring flotation costs). Use both the CAPM method and the dividend growth approach to find the cost of equity. After-tax cost of debt % % Cost of preferred stock (including flotation costs)
Cost of common equity, dividend growth approach (ignoring flotation costs) cost of common equity, b. Calculate the cost of new stock using the dividend growth approach. % C. Assuming that Gao will not issue new equity and will continue to use the same target capital structure, what is the company's WACC? 11.19 %
A. The cost of each capital component can be calculated as follows:
1. After-tax cost of debt = pre-tax cost of debt * (1 - tax rate)
= 9% * (1 - 0.25)
= 6.75%
2. Cost of preferred stock (including flotation costs) = dividend / (price - flotation cost)
= $3.60 / ($44.44 - (0.10 * $44.44))
= 8.47%
3. Cost of common equity (dividend growth approach, ignoring flotation costs) = (dividend / price) + growth rate
= ($3.17 / $60) + 0.08
= 13.28%
4. Cost of common equity (CAPM method, ignoring flotation costs) = risk-free rate + (beta * market risk premium)
= 6.5% + (1.2 * 6%)
= 13.7%
B. The cost of new stock using the dividend growth approach can be calculated as follows:
= (dividend / (price - flotation cost)) + growth rate
= ($3.17 / ($60 - (0.13 * $60))) + 0.08
= 14.05%
C. The company's WACC can be calculated using the formula: WACC = (weight of debt * cost of debt) + (weight of preferred stock * cost of preferred stock) + (weight of common equity * cost of common equity)
= (0.45 * 6.75%) + (0.05 * 8.47%) + (0.50 * 13.28%)
= 3.04% + 0.42% + 6.64%
= 10.1%
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1. On January 1, Terry Company began a car wash business. It received $50,000 for the issuance of Common Stock. 2. On January 2, Terry purchased supplies for S 100 on account. 3. On January 3, Terry provided service to customers for $6,000 on account 4. On January 4, a customer from January 3 complained that Terry failed to vacuum the interior. Terry agreed to reduce the bill by $5. 5. On January 5, received $98 from a customer on account. This customer owed $100 but paid within the 2/10, n/30 discount period. 6. On February 6, Terry paid Ameren $130 for power used during January 7. On February 7, Terry paid employees S360 for work performed. 8. On February 8, Terry provided service to customers for $1,700 cash. 9. On March 9, Terry paid $400 for rent for the month. 10. On March 10, Terry received $3,000 from customers on account. None of these payments were within the discount period. 11. On April 11, Terry borrowed 5,000 from the bank at 8% interest; interest and principal are due next in one year. 12. On May 12, Terry purchased equipment for $5,000 cash. 13. On June 13, Terry established a petty cash fund for $300. 14. On July 14, Terry replenished the petty cash fund for $150; $100 was for maintenance costs, $20 was for postage, and $30 was for the window washer. 15. On December 31, Terry recorded depreciation of S200. 16. On December 31, Terry recorded the interest incurred, but not paid, for the loan from April 11. 17. On December 31, Terry recorded an adjustment to reflect that the supplies on hand totaled S23. 18. On December 31, Terry recorded an adjustment to estimate S640 owed from customers will never be collected
The transactions of Terry Company are recorded using the double-entry accounting system. Each transaction affects two or more accounts in the general ledger. The transactions are recorded using debits and credits. A debit is an entry that increases an asset or expense account or decreases a liability or equity account. A credit is an entry that decreases an asset or expense account or increases a liability or equity account. The debits and credits for each transaction must be equal.
1. Debit Cash $50,000, Credit Common Stock $50,000
2. Debit Supplies $100, Credit Accounts Payable $100
3. Debit Accounts Receivable $6,000, Credit Service Revenue $6,000
4. Debit Sales Discounts $5, Credit Accounts Receivable $5
5. Debit Cash $98, Credit Accounts Receivable $100, Credit Sales Discounts $2
6. Debit Utilities Expense $130, Credit Cash $130
7. Debit Wages Expense $360, Credit Cash $360
8. Debit Cash $1,700, Credit Service Revenue $1,700
9. Debit Rent Expense $400, Credit Cash $400
10. Debit Cash $3,000, Credit Accounts Receivable $3,000
11. Debit Cash $5,000, Credit Notes Payable $5,000
12. Debit Equipment $5,000, Credit Cash $5,000
13. Debit Petty Cash $300, Credit Cash $300
14. Debit Maintenance Expense $100, Debit Postage Expense $20, Debit Window Washing Expense $30, Credit Petty Cash $150
15. Debit Depreciation Expense $200, Credit Accumulated Depreciation $200
16. Debit Interest Expense $33.33, Credit Interest Payable $33.33
17. Debit Supplies Expense $77, Credit Supplies $77
18. Debit Bad Debt Expense $640, Credit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $640
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Q. Payback period method is a discounted method of Capital
Appraisal?
A. True
B. False
Payback period method is a discounted method of Capital Appraisal is false statement . (B)
The payback period method is not a discounted method of capital appraisal. It is a simple method that calculates the length of time required for an investment to recover its initial cost. (B)
It does not take into account the time value of money or the discounted cash flows of the investment.
Discounted methods of capital appraisal, such as net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR), do take into account the time value of money and are considered more accurate measures of an investment's profitability.
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4. Consider the following problems. Each problem is unrelated to the other. [1+2+2=5] a) Selling price per unit, Tk. 29; total fixed expenses, Tk. 30,400; variable expenses per unit, Tk. 13. Find total sales in units to achieve a profit of Tk. 8,000, assuming no change in selling price. b) Sales, Tk. 51,000; variable expenses, Tk. 18,000; fixed expenses, Tk. 18,000; net income, Tk. 15,000. Assume no change in selling price; find net income if activity volume increases by 20% c) Selling price per unit, Tk. 48; total fixed expenses, Tk. 106,000; variable expenses per unit, Tk. 36. Assume that variable expenses are reduced by 25% per unit, and the total fixed expenses are increased by 15%. Find the sales in units to achieve a profit of Tk. 23,000, assuming no change in selling price.
a) The total sales in units to achieve a profit of Tk. 8,000 is 2,400 units. b) The net income if activity volume increases by 20% is Tk. 21,600. c) The sales in units to achieve a profit of Tk. 23,000 is 6,900 units.
a) To find the total sales in units to achieve a profit of Tk. 8,000, we can use the following formula:
Profit = (Selling Price per Unit x Total Sales in Units) - (Variable Expenses per Unit x Total Sales in Units) - Total Fixed Expenses
Rearranging the formula and solving for Total Sales in Units, we get:
Total Sales in Units = (Profit + Total Fixed Expenses) / (Selling Price per Unit - Variable Expenses per Unit)
Plugging in the given values, we get:
Total Sales in Units = (8,000 + 30,400) / (29 - 13)
Total Sales in Units = 38,400 / 16
Total Sales in Units = 2,400
Therefore, the total sales in units to achieve a profit of Tk. 8,000 is 2,400 units.
b) To find the net income if activity volume increases by 20%, we can use the following formula:
Net Income = Sales - Variable Expenses - Fixed Expenses
Since the activity volume is increasing by 20%, the sales and variable expenses will also increase by 20%.
New Sales = 51,000 x 1.20 = 61,200
New Variable Expenses = 18,000 x 1.20 = 21,600
Plugging in the new values into the formula, we get:
Net Income = 61,200 - 21,600 - 18,000
Net Income = 21,600
Therefore, the net income if activity volume increases by 20% is Tk. 21,600.
c) To find the sales in units to achieve a profit of Tk. 23,000, we can use the same formula as in part a:
Total Sales in Units = (Profit + Total Fixed Expenses) / (Selling Price per Unit - Variable Expenses per Unit)
However, we need to first calculate the new variable expenses per unit and the new total fixed expenses.
New Variable Expenses per Unit = 36 x 0.75 = 27
New Total Fixed Expenses = 106,000 x 1.15 = 121,900
Plugging in the new values into the formula, we get:
Total Sales in Units = (23,000 + 121,900) / (48 - 27)
Total Sales in Units = 144,900 / 21
Total Sales in Units = 6,900
Therefore, the sales in units to achieve a profit of Tk. 23,000 is 6,900 units.
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2. Define, contrast, and explain in detail, the advantages of open and targeted recruitment.
3. Explain and identify in detail, at least four (4) strategies that organizations are or should be used to ensure that they attract women and under-represented racial and ethnic groups.
2. Open recruitment is the process of advertising a job opening to the general public and inviting anyone who is interested to apply. This method is typically used when there is a large number of job openings or when the employer is seeking a diverse pool of applicants. The advantage of open recruitment is that it can attract a large number of applicants from a wide range of backgrounds and experiences, increasing the chances of finding the best candidate for the job.
Targeted recruitment, on the other hand, involves identifying and reaching out to specific groups of people who have the desired qualifications and experience for the job. This method is typically used when the employer is seeking a specific skill set or demographic. The advantage of targeted recruitment is that it can yield a more qualified pool of applicants and can be more efficient and cost-effective than open recruitment.
3. Organizations can use a variety of strategies to attract women and under-represented racial and ethnic groups, including:
Creating an inclusive workplace culture: Organizations can foster a culture of diversity and inclusion by providing diversity training, promoting inclusive language and behaviors, and creating employee resource groups for under-represented groups.Partnering with organizations that support diversity: Organizations can partner with professional associations and community organizations that support women and under-represented groups to reach out to potential job candidates.Providing flexible work options: Organizations can offer flexible work schedules, telecommuting options, and other work-life balance initiatives to attract and retain diverse employees.Implementing diversity recruitment goals: Organizations can set specific goals for recruiting and hiring women and under-represented groups and hold managers accountable for meeting these goals.Know more about recruitment here:
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How does an appellate court differ from a trial couHow does an appellate court differ from a trial court?
Responses
An appellate court examines more witnesses.
An appellate court examines more witnesses.
An appellate court reviews another court's decision.
An appellate court reviews another court's decision.
An appellate court decides issues of fact.
An appellate court decides issues of fact.
An appellate court usually has rt?
Appellate courts are positioned above the trial courts to evaluate their work and to correct any mistakes that may also have occurred. Appellate courts are usually collegiate bodies, consisting of countless judges as an alternative of the single decide who usually presides over a trial court.
What is the appellate machine Class 8?The appellate gadget is a characteristic of the Indian judicial gadget the place a man or woman can enchantment to a greater courtroom if they locate the decision made by a decrease courtroom unjust.
Which courts are appellate courts and why?The Supreme Court has also a very vast appellate jurisdiction over all Courts and Tribunals in India in as a great deal as it may, in its discretion, furnish distinct go away to appeal beneath Article 136 of the Constitution from any judgment, decree, determination, sentence or order in any purpose or be counted exceeded or made with the aid of any Court ...
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Many people put aside money to take care of unexpected expenses. If Pedro and Susanna have money to put aside for emergencies, in which of the following forms would it be of LEAST benefit to them if they needed it right away?
If Pedro and Susanna needed the money right away, it would be of the least benefit to them if they had put their emergency savings into a long-term investment or a fixed-term deposit account that has penalties for early withdrawal.
What unexpected expense means?You can refer to expenses as unexpected if you did not anticipate them. An example would be going for your car's inspection and failing because something has to be fixed. This is a cost that you can account for in your budget and savings strategy.
Long-term investments, such as stocks or mutual funds, are typically designed to be held for several years or even decades to maximize returns. Similarly, fixed-term deposit accounts, such as certificates of deposit (CDs), may offer higher interest rates than regular savings accounts but often require that the money be locked up for a specific period of time.
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Please help! please, clearly show where you getting each number for the Equation. The existing answers are wrong. thank you!
United Healthcare, a health maintenance organization, is expected to have earings growth of 30% for the next five years and 6% after that. The dividend payout ratio will be only 10% during the high growth phase, but will increase to 60% in steady state. The stock has a beta of 1.65 currently , But the beta is expected to drop to 1.10 in steady state. (The Treasury bond rate is 7.25%
a. Estimate the price-book value ratio for United Healthcare, given the inputs as given.
b. How sensitive is the price-book value ratio to estimates of growth during the high growth period?
c. United Healthcare trades at a price-book value ratio of 7.00. How long would extraordinary growth have to last (at a 30% annual rate) to justify
this PBV ratio?
A. The required Rate of Return = 7.25%
To estimate the price-book value ratio for United Healthcare, given the inputs given, we must first calculate the required rate of return. This can be done using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM):
Required Rate of Return = Risk-free Rate + Beta x (Market Return - Risk-free Rate)
Required Rate of Return = 7.25% + 1.65 (7.25% - 7.25%)
Required Rate of Return = 7.25%
Price-Book Value Ratio = [Expected Annual Earnings x (1+g)] / (Required Rate of Return - g)
Price-Book Value Ratio = [30% x (1+0.06)] / (7.25% - 0.06)
Price-Book Value Ratio = 10.00
B. The Price-Book Value ratio would increase to 13.33.
The price-book value ratio is sensitive to estimates of growth during the high growth period. For example, if the expected annual earnings growth during the high growth period is 40%, the Price-Book Value ratio would increase to 13.33.
C. Extraordinary growth would have to last for 8.45 years at a rate of 5.91% to justify the Price-Book Value ratio of 7.00.
Price-Book Value Ratio = [Expected Annual Earnings x (1+g)] / (Required Rate of Return - g)
7.00 = [30% x (1+g)^8.45] / (7.25% - g)
g = 5.91%
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Assume OzCpy is an Australian firm whose shares trade on the ASX. The firm earn part of its domestically income in Australia and and part of its income overseas, where it is required to pay tax to the foreign governments where it operates. Currently, the Australian corporate tax rate is 30% and the Medicare levy is 2%. OzCpy provides dividend imputation to Australian-resident shareholders from its Australian tax paid. Assume that OzCpy pays a 82% partly-franked dividend of $12.54 thousand to an Australian shareholder who has a marginal tax rate of 37% and who is exempt from paying the Medicare levy. Compute the income tax payable by this investor on the partly-franked dividend.
Select one: a. $2202.38 b. $1863.44 c. $2579.66 d. $2221.37 e. $3008.85 f. $1439.77 g. $3558.14 h. $2422.62 i. $2642.86 j. $2863.10
The income tax payable by the Australian shareholder on the partly-franked dividend is $1863.44.
The correct answer is option b.
The dividend imputation credit is $4.02 thousand, which reduces the taxable dividend to $8.52 thousand. The tax on the taxable dividend is $1439.77. The franking credit is 82%, which means that the investor is entitled to a refund of 82% of the tax paid by OzCpy on the dividend, which is $423.67. The investor's income tax payable is therefore $1439.77 - $423.67 = $1863.44.
When deductions, credits, and exemptions are taken into account, the amount of tax that an individual or business pays to the government on its taxable income is known as income tax payable. The taxable income of the person, their filing status, and the appropriate tax rates all affect how much income tax is due.
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GHI Company bonds have a coupon rate of 4.11 percent, 7 years to maturity, and a current price of $1,032. What is the current yield on these bonds (in percent)? Answer to two decimals.
Bonds are $1000 Par Semiannual Compounding
The current yield on the GHI Company bonds is 3.98%.
The current yield on a bond is the annual coupon payment divided by the current market price of the bond. In this case, the annual coupon payment is 4.11% of the $1000 par value, or $41.10. The current market price is $1,032.
To calculate the current yield, we use the formula:
Current yield = (Annual coupon payment / Current market price) x 100
Plugging in the values from the question, we get:
Current yield = ($41.10 / $1,032) x 100
Current yield = 0.0398 x 100
Current yield = 3.98%
Therefore, the current yield on the GHI Company bonds is 3.98%.
To answer to two decimals, we can round the current yield to the nearest hundredth, which gives us a final answer of 3.98%.
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1. Explain and evaluate how the primary objective in the
financial management of maximizing shareholder wealth conflicts
with other purposes, such as ensuring favorable outcomes for
patients
The primary objective of financial management is to maximize shareholder wealth, which is achieved by maximizing the value of the firm's stock are maximizing shareholder wealth, pricing of products and services to ensure favorable outcomes for patients
The primary objective of financial management is to maximize shareholder wealth, which is achieved by maximizing the value of the firm's stock. However, this objective can sometimes conflict with other purposes, such as ensuring favorable outcomes for patients.
One of the main ways that the objective of maximizing shareholder wealth conflicts with other purposes is through the allocation of resources.
In order to maximize shareholder wealth, financial managers may be tempted to allocate resources in ways that maximize profits, even if it means sacrificing patient outcomes. For example, they may choose to cut costs by reducing staff, which can lead to lower quality of care for patients.
Overall, the primary objective of financial management, maximizing shareholder wealth, can sometimes conflict with other purposes, such as ensuring favorable outcomes for patients.
It is important for financial managers to carefully consider the potential consequences of their decisions and to strike a balance between maximizing shareholder wealth and fulfilling other important objectives.
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ABC Company, which manufactures shoes, hired a recent college graduate to work in its accounting department. On the first day of work, the accountant was assigned to total a batch of invoices with the use of an adding machine. Before long, the accountant, who had never before seen such a machine, managed to break the machine. ABC Corporation gave the machine plus €420 to XYZ Business Machine AG (dealer) in exchange for a new machine. Assume the following information about the machines: Old machine New machine
Machine Cost 290 300 Accumulated deprecation 140 0 Fair value 100 520 Instructions For each company, prepare the necessary journal entry to record the exchange. (The exchange has commercial substance.) a- From buyer perspective 50 marks b- From seller perspective 50 marks
A) From the buyer's perspective (ABC Company):
1. Record the removal of the old machine:
Debit: Accumulated Depreciation - Old Machine 140
Credit: Machine - Old 290
2. Record the receipt of the new machine:
Debit: Machine - New 300
Credit: Cash 420
Credit: Gain on Disposal of Asset 110
The journal entry for the buyer would be:
| Account | Debit | Credit |
|---------|-------|--------|
| Accumulated Depreciation - Old Machine | 140 | |
| Machine - Old | | 290 |
| Machine - New | 300 | |
| Cash | | 420 |
| Gain on Disposal of Asset | | 110 |
B) From the seller's perspective (XYZ Business Machine AG):
1. Record the removal of the new machine:
Debit: Accumulated Depreciation - New Machine 0
Credit: Machine - New 300
2. Record the receipt of the old machine and cash:
Debit: Machine - Old 290
Debit: Cash 420
Credit: Gain on Disposal of Asset 410
The journal entry for the seller would be:
| Account | Debit | Credit |
|---------|-------|--------|
| Accumulated Depreciation - New Machine | 0 | |
| Machine - New | | 300 |
| Machine - Old | 290 | |
| Cash | 420 | |
| Gain on Disposal of Asset | | 410 |
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Of the business structures you’ve learned about, which one interests you the most? Discuss what structure you might choose to start your own business one day and explain why.
Answer:
If I were to start my own business one day, I would choose the Limited Liability Company (LLC) structure. This structure offers the most flexibility and protection for business owners. It allows for the business to be taxed as a pass-through entity, meaning that the profits and losses of the business are passed through to the owners and reported on their individual tax returns. This structure also provides limited liability protection for the owners, meaning that their personal assets are not at risk if the business is sued or incurs debt. Additionally, LLCs are relatively easy to set up and maintain, making them an attractive option for small business owners.
Explanation:
Putnam & Putnam, a legal firm, uses the balance sheet approach to estimate uncollectible accounts expense. At year-end, an aging of the accounts receivable produced the following five groupings:
a. Not yet due $250,000
b. 1-30 days past due 105,000
c. 31-60 days past due 40,000
d. 61-90 days past due 7,500
e. Over 90 days past due 15,000
Total $417,500
On the basis of past experience, the company estimated the percentages probably uncollectible for the above five age groups to be as follows: Group a, 1 percent; Group b, 3 percent; Group c, 10 percent; Group d, 20 percent; and Group e, 50 percent.
The Allowance for Doubtful Accounts before adjustment at December 31 showed a credit balance of $5,900.
Assume that on January 10 of the following year, Putnam & Putnam learned that an account receivable that had originated on September 1 in the amount of $4,300 was worthless because of the bankruptcy of the client, Safeland Co.
Prepare the journal entry required on January 10 to write off this account.
The journal entry required on January 10 to write off the account receivable from Safeland Co. is as follows:
Debit: Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $4,300
Credit: Accounts Receivable $4,
When an account receivable is determined to be uncollectible, it needs to be written off. This is done by debiting the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and crediting the Accounts Receivable account. The Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is a contra asset account that is used to reduce the Accounts Receivable balance to its net realizable value. By debiting the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and crediting the Accounts Receivable account, the balance of the Accounts Receivable account is reduced by the amount of the uncollectible account.
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You are considering changing the capital structure of the target firm after five years. How much would this increase the value of the target by?
A. Current WACC = 10%
B. New WACC = 8%
C. PV of cashflows of first five years = $137
D. You expect the cashflows to grow at 3% every year after year five. CF6=$43.
Assume you are using DCF and discount rate for periods 1-5 is the current WACC. (You aren't changing the structure until then.)
Changing the capital structure of the target firm would increase its value by $997.
The value of the target firm after changing the capital structure can be calculated using the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method. The DCF method calculates the present value of future cash flows by discounting them at an appropriate discount rate.
In this case, the discount rate for the first five years is the current WACC (10%) and the discount rate after year five is the new WACC (8%). The present value of the cash flows for the first five years is given as $137. The cash flow for year six is given as $43 and is expected to grow at a rate of 3% every year thereafter.
To calculate the value of the target firm after changing the capital structure, we need to calculate the present value of the cash flows after year five using the new WACC. This can be done using the formula for the present value of a growing perpetuity:
PV = CF / (r - g)
Where PV is the present value, CF is the cash flow, r is the discount rate, and g is the growth rate.
Plugging in the values given in the question, we get:
PV = $43 / (0.08 - 0.03) = $860
The value of the target firm after changing the capital structure is the sum of the present value of the cash flows for the first five years and the present value of the cash flows after year five:
Value = $137 + $860 = $997
Therefore, changing the capital structure of the target firm would increase its value by $997.
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Contango (a) holds that the natural hedgers are the purchasers of a commodity, not the suppliers, and is a hypothesis polar opposite to normal backwardation (b) is a hypothesis polar opposite to backwardation (c)holds that the natural hedgers are the purchasers of a commodity, not the suppliers (d)holds that Fo must be less than the expected (PT) (d)
The correct answer is that (b) is a hypothesis polar opposite to backwardation.
Contango is a situation where the future price of a commodity is higher than the current spot price. This is the opposite of backwardation, where the futures price is lower than the current spot price. Natural hedgers in the contango market are usually suppliers of commodities, as they can lock in higher prices for their products by selling futures contracts. In a backwardation market, buying a futures contract can lock in a lower price, so the natural hedger is usually the buyer of the commodity. The terms "natural hedger" and "polar hypothesis" are relevant to this question as they help explain the difference between contango and backwardation.
A hypothesis that is the polar opposite of backwardation would be contango. Contango is a situation where the current price of a commodity or financial instrument is lower than the future price. This implies that there is an oversupply of the commodity or a low demand for it in the short term, which leads to lower prices.
Therefore, if backwardation represents a short-term scarcity of a commodity, contango represents a long-term oversupply of that commodity.
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