The chemical formula for magnesium perchlorate is Mg(ClO4)2, which contains 1 magnesium atom (Mg), 2 chlorine atoms (Cl), and 8 oxygen atoms (O).
To calculate the number of moles of each element in 4.20 moles of Mg(ClO4)2, we need to use the mole ratios from the chemical formula.
Moles of Mg:
In one mole of Mg(ClO4)2, there is one mole of Mg atoms. Therefore, in 4.20 moles of Mg(ClO4)2, there are 4.20 moles of Mg atoms.
Moles of Cl:
In one mole of Mg(ClO4)2, there are 2 moles of Cl atoms. Therefore, in 4.20 moles of Mg(ClO4)2, there are 2 x 4.20 = 8.40 moles of Cl atoms.
Moles of O:
In one mole of Mg(ClO4)2, there are 8 moles of O atoms. Therefore, in 4.20 moles of Mg(ClO4)2, there are 8 x 4.20 = 33.6 moles of O atoms.
So the number of moles of Mg, Cl, and O atoms in 4.20 moles of Mg(ClO4)2 are: 4.20, 8.40, and 33.6, respectively.
Answer:
Explanation:
7.50 mol Mg
(ClO4)2
contains:
7.50 mol Mg atoms
15.0 mol Cl atoms
60.0 mol O atoms
1 mol Mg(ClO4)2
contains
1 mol Mg atoms, 2 mol Cl atoms, and 8 mol O atoms.
what id the Charge of element "X" in X3(PO4)2
Answer:
+2.
Explanation:
Each phosphate ion (PO43-) has a charge of -3. Since there are two phosphate ions in the formula, the total negative charge from the phosphate ions is -6.
In order to balance the negative charge, the sum of the positive charges from the X3+ ions must be +6.
the charge of element X can be calculated as follows:
X3+ × 3 = +6
X3+ = +2
So the charge of element X in X3(PO4)2 is +2.
2. Transfer in energy to reach the highest amount of kinetic energy for both substance B and C.
3. Slowly transfer out energy from each substance. Note the temperature at which each substance changes phase.
Substance B changed to a liquid at
? °C.
Substance C changed to a liquid at
? °C.
4. Based on your observations above, which substance needed a greater decrease in kinetic energy in order to change phase?
The substance with (medium or low energy)
A physical change is when a substance's phase changes. Low molecular attraction material C requires more energy to be moved out, which means its kinetic energy must be reduced.
Energy transfer: What is it?Neither creation nor destruction of energy is possible. Yet, it is transferable from one type to another, preserving the system's overall energy.
In the liquid state, molecules or atoms have medium molecular affinity and are somewhat closer together than they are in the gaseous state, where they are widely apart and have low intermolecular forces of attraction.
As a material transforms from a gas to a liquid, its molecules condense and become closer to one another, creating a stronger molecular attraction.
Gas B has a medium level of molecular attraction, making it easy to liquify with little energy transfer, whereas gas C has a lower level of molecular attraction but a greater level of kinetic energy, requiring more energy transfer.
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5.0 mol Al reacts with 6.0 mol O2 to form Al2O3.
How many moles of Al2O3 form when all 5.0 moles of Al are used up?
Answer:
2.5 moles of aluminum oxide will form when all 5.0 moles of aluminum are used up.
Explanation:
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between aluminum (Al) and oxygen (O2) to form aluminum oxide (Al2O3) is:
4 Al + 3 O2 → 2 Al2O3
This equation shows that 4 moles of aluminum react with 3 moles of oxygen to form 2 moles of aluminum oxide.
According to the problem, we have 5.0 mol of aluminum, which is more than enough to react with the oxygen available, and the limiting reagent in this reaction will be aluminum. Therefore, we need to use the mole ratio from the balanced equation to find out how many moles of aluminum oxide will form when all 5.0 moles of aluminum are used up.
From the equation, we can see that for every 4 moles of aluminum, 2 moles of aluminum oxide will form. Therefore, the mole ratio of aluminum to aluminum oxide is 4:2, or simplified, 2:1.
Using this mole ratio, we can calculate the number of moles of aluminum oxide that will form when all 5.0 moles of aluminum react:
5.0 mol Al × (2 mol Al2O3/4 mol Al) = 2.5 mol Al2O3
Therefore, 2.5 moles of aluminum oxide will form when all 5.0 moles of aluminum are used up.
How much energy is stored in a spring that is compressed 0.850m if the spring constant is
500.N/m?
181J
425J
212J
361J
The energy is stored in a spring that is compressed 0.850m is 213.125 J
Energy stored in springPotential energy is the name for this accumulated energy. The accumulated potential energy as a result of a specific elastic object, such as a spring, deforming is known as the potential energy of the spring. It describes the labor involved in stretching the spring and is dependent on both the length of the stretch and the spring constant, k.
Given Data
Distance = 0.850mSpring constant = 500.N/mWe know that the expression for energy stored is given as
Energy = Ke
Substituting our given data we have
Energy = 0.5 x 500 N/m x (0.850m)2
= 0.5 x 500 N/m x (0.850m x 0.850m)
= 0.5 x 500 N/m x 0.7225m2
= 213.125 J
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10.Henry is picking up a load identified as UN1449. According to Schedule 1, what is its subsidiary class?
UN1449 is a UN number that is used to identify a specific hazardous material or substance during transportation. To determine the subsidiary class of UN1449, we need to consult the relevant Schedule 1 of the UN Model Regulations or the applicable national regulations.
What are the properties and characteristics of hazardous materials?The subsidiary class of a hazardous material is determined by its properties and characteristics, such as its physical state, chemical composition, toxicity, flammability, and reactivity. These properties help to identify the potential risks and hazards associated with the material and inform the appropriate measures for safe handling, storage, and transport.
In general, the subsidiary class of a hazardous material is indicated by a numerical code following the primary class, such as Class 3, Flammable Liquids, Packing Group II (UN1263). However, the exact classification and labeling requirements for hazardous materials depend on various factors, including the mode of transport, quantity, packaging, and destination.
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How many molecules are in .5 moles of PCI3?
3.011 × 10²³ molecules are in 0.5 moles of PCl₃.
What is Mole?
The mole is an amount unit similar to familiar units like pair, dozen, gross, etc. It provides a specific measure of the number of atoms or molecules in a bulk sample of matter.
A mole is defined as the amount of substance containing the same number of atoms, molecules, ions, etc. as the number of atoms in a sample of pure 12C weighing exactly 12 g.
Given,
Moles of PCl₃ = 0.5 moles
We know that 1 mole = 6.023 × 10²³ molecules
Thus, 0.5 moles will have 6.023 × 10²³ × 0.5 molecules.
= 3.011 × 10²³ molecules
Therefore, 3.011 × 10²³ molecules are in 0.5 moles of PCl₃.
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Consider the specific heats
H2O(s) = 2.09 J/g ·
◦C,
H2O (ℓ) = 4.18 J/g ·
◦C, and
H2O(g) = 2.03 J/g ·
◦C.
The heat of fusion for water is 334 J/g and
its heat of vaporization is 2260 J/g. Calculate
the amount of heat required to convert 31 g
of ice at −21◦C completely to liquid water at
42◦C.
Answer in units of kJ.
Answer:
First, we need to calculate the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of ice from -21°C to 0°C:
q1 = m × C_solid × ΔT = 31 g × 2.09 J/g·°C × (0°C - (-21°C)) = 1341.09 J
Next, we need to calculate the amount of heat required to melt the ice at 0°C:
q2 = m × ΔH_fusion = 31 g × 334 J/g = 10354 J
Then, we need to calculate the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the liquid water from 0°C to 42°C:
q3 = m × C_liquid × ΔT = 31 g × 4.18 J/g·°C × (42°C - 0°C) = 5201.56 J
Finally, we need to calculate the amount of heat required to vaporize the liquid water at 100°C:
q4 = m × ΔH_vaporization = 31 g × 2260 J/g = 70060 J
The total amount of heat required is the sum of all four steps:
q_total = q1 + q2 + q3 + q4 = 86857.65 J
Converting to kJ:
q_total = 86.85765 kJ
Therefore, the amount of heat required to convert 31 g of ice at -21°C to liquid water at 42°C is approximately 86.9 kJ.
Explanation:
What mass of glucose can be produced from a photosynthesis reaction
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(l) →
C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g)
that occurs using 11.5 mol CO2?
Answer in units of g.
345.53 g of glucose can be produced from the given reaction, using 11.5 mol of CO2.
What is Photosynthesis Reaction?
Photosynthesis is a process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into organic compounds, such as glucose, using sunlight as the source of energy.
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy (sunlight) → C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2
From the balanced equation, we know that 6 moles of carbon dioxide react to form 1 mole of glucose. Therefore, we can calculate the moles of glucose produced from 11.5 moles of CO2:
moles of glucose = 11.5 mol CO2 / 6 mol CO2 per mole of glucose = 1.9167 mol glucose
Next, we can use the molar mass of glucose to calculate the mass of glucose produced:
mass of glucose = moles of glucose x molar mass of glucose
mass of glucose = 1.9167 mol x 180.156 g/mol
mass of glucose = 345.53 g
Therefore, 345.53 g of glucose can be produced from the given reaction, using 11.5 mol of CO2.
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Find the molar mass of BeCo3
Answer:
To find the molar mass of BeCo3, we need to find the atomic masses of each element and add them together in the correct ratio:
Be: 9.01 g/mol
Co: 58.93 g/mol
O: 16.00 g/mol (there are three oxygen atoms)
Molar mass of BeCo3 = (1 x Be atomic mass) + (1 x Co atomic mass) + (3 x O atomic mass)
Molar mass of BeCo3 = (1 x 9.01 g/mol) + (1 x 58.93 g/mol) + (3 x 16.00 g/mol)
Molar mass of BeCo3 = 9.01 g/mol + 58.93 g/mol + 48.00 g/mol
Molar mass of BeCo3 = 115.94 g/mol
Therefore, the molar mass of BeCo3 is 115.94 g/mol.
3. During an experiment, 98 g of water is used in the Styrofoam cup. The initial temperature
of water was 23.7°C. A 39.9-g piece of metal with initial temperature of 100.3°C (after
removing from the boiling water) is added to the calorimeter. The final temperature of water
was 28.2°C.
Calculate the specific heat of the metal.
Identify the metal.
Calculate the percent of error.
Answer:
Explanation:
To solve this problem, we can use the equation:
q = mcΔT
where q is the heat absorbed or released, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
First, we can calculate the heat absorbed by the water:
q_water = (98 g) (4.18 J/g°C) (28.2°C - 23.7°C) = 1938.4 J
Next, we can calculate the heat released by the metal:
q_metal = -q_water = -1938.4 J
The negative sign indicates that the metal released heat to the water.
We can rearrange the equation to solve for the specific heat of the metal:
c = -q_metal / (mΔT)
c = -(-1938.4 J) / (39.9 g) (100.3°C - 28.2°C)
c = 0.387 J/g°C
Therefore, the specific heat of the metal is 0.387 J/g°C.
To identify the metal, we can compare its specific heat to known values for different metals. From the specific heat values of common metals, we can see that the metal is most likely aluminum (specific heat of 0.902 J/g°C), as it has a much lower specific heat than copper, iron, or lead.
To calculate the percent error, we can use the formula:
percent error = (|experimental value - accepted value| / accepted value) x 100%
The accepted specific heat of aluminum is 0.902 J/g°C.
percent error = (|0.387 J/g°C - 0.902 J/g°C| / 0.902 J/g°C) x 100%
percent error = 57.1%
Therefore, the percent error is 57.1%.
Salt crystals, such as KCI hold together well. Which of the following provides a strong attraction to the potassium lon? A) Chlorine anlon B Chlorine cations Potasslum anlons D) Potassium cations
The Chlorine anlon provides a strong attraction to the potassium ion. That is option A.
What is an anion and a cation?An anion is defined as the negatively-charged ions which means that they have more electrons than protons due to having gained one or more electrons.
A cation is defined as the positively-charged ions which means that atoms or groups of atoms that have more protons than electrons due to having lost one or more electrons.
The potassium is a cation while the chlorine atom is an anion in the crystal salts.
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Examine the image and assess the relationship of the atoms shown by
Answer:
The rearrangement of atoms is a chemical change.
Explanation:
2KI(aq)+Pb(NO3)2(aq)→PbI2(s)+2KNO3(aq)
2.80 mol of KI
1.00 mol of Pb(NO3)2
0.765 mol of PbI2
1.53 mol of KNO3
a) Write the limiting reagent. (express as a chemical formula)
b) Provide the masses of the reactants. (separate integers with commas)
c) Provide the masses of the products. (separate integers with commas)
d) Write the theoretical yield of Pbl2.
e) Write the percent yield of Pbl2.
The limiting reactant in this reaction is lead nitrate Pb(NO₃)₂. The mass of lead nitrate in this reaction is 331.2 g. The percent yield of PbI₂ is 76.5%.
What is percent yield ?The percent yield of a reaction is the ratio of its actual yield to the theoretical yield multiplied by 100.
The limiting reactant of a reaction is the reactant which is not in sufficient quantity and as soon as it is consumed, the reaction stopes.
As per the given balanced equation, 2 moles of KI reacts with one mole of lead nitrate. Then, 2.8 moles of KI need 1.4 moles of lead nitrate. Hence, Pb(NO₃)₂ is the limiting reactant.
molar mass of Pb(NO₃)₂ = 331.2 g/mol
molar mass of KI = 166 g/mol
mass of 2 moles = 332 g
mass of PbI₂ = 461 g/mol
mass of 0.765 moles = 352.6 g.
molar mass of KNO₃ = 101 g
mass of 1.53 moles = 154 .5 g.
One mole of Pb(NO₃)₂ gives one mole of PbI₂. Hence the theoretical yield is one mole. But the actual yield of the product lead iodide is 0.765 moles.
then percent yield = 0.765/1 × 100 = 76.5 %.
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CH3CHO was treated with a reagent X. The product formed upon hydrolysis in the presence of an acid gave propan-2-ol. The reagent X is :
( a ) Aqueous KOH
( b ) Alcoholic KOH
( c ) CH3MgI ( Grignard Reagent )
( d ) Alcoholic KCN
It should be noted that the right response is (b) Alcoholic KOH, which upon hydrolysis would produce the secondary alcohol propan-2-ol.
How to explain the reagentThe reagent X should be able to add a nucleophile to the carbonyl carbon of CH3CHO, and the product formed should be capable of being hydrolyzed to give propan-2-ol.
Option (c) CH3MgI (Grignard reagent) is a strong nucleophile and can add to the carbonyl carbon of CH3CHO to form a tertiary alcohol. However, the product formed will be propan-2-ol (2-methylpropan-1-ol) instead of propan-2-ol (propanol). Therefore, option (c) can be eliminated.
Option (d) Alcoholic KCN is a nucleophilic reagent that can add to the carbonyl carbon of CH3CHO to form an intermediate that can be hydrolyzed to give a carboxylic acid. Therefore, option (d) can be eliminated.
However, since the reaction conditions are not specified, it is not possible to determine which of the two options is the correct answer. If the reaction is carried out under basic conditions, then option (a) would be the correct answer. If the reaction is carried out under acidic conditions, then option (b) would be the correct answer.
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A metal has a specific heat of 0.424 J/gC. You have 85 g of the metal at an initial temperature of 25 C. You added 650 J of heat to the metal. What is the final temperature of the metal?
The maximum temperature of metal is 1,381,250 J/gC.
How can one measure temperature?The heat capacity is defined as the heat-to-temperature change ratio, or C.C=qΔTmC=(650J)(25∘C)(85)=1,381,250J∘/gCCan a substance withstand how much heat?The proportion of heat absorption to temperature change in a substance. Calories per degree are commonly used to express the amount of material being taken into account, which is frequently a mole (the molecular weight in grams). The heat capacity in calories per gram is referred to as specific heat.The heat capacity, also known as the thermal capacity, is the amount of heat necessary to induce a specific mass of material to change its temperature by a unit.For more information on heat capacity kindly visit to
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I need help with work
The limiting reactant is completely used up in the reaction. There will be an excess of other reactants at the end of the reaction. The limiting reactant dictates the amount of product.
What is limiting reactant?Reactant will be the limiting reactant depends on the molar ratios of all the reactants in the experiment (and the coefficients in the balanced reaction equation), so it will absolutely vary depending on the reaction setup and conditions, which is why it cannot always be the same for a given reaction.
Because the molar ratios of the reactants dictate which of them will be the limiting one, it is not true that the one with the lowest mass will always be the limiting reactant.
Therefore, The limiting reactant is completely used up in the reaction. There will be an excess of other reactants at the end of the reaction.
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A term for using radioactive decay to determine the age of once-living fossils is-------
Answer:
I believe the answer is carbon dating
Explanation:
Calculate the number of CO2
molecules ( NCO2
) in 0.0734 mol
of CO2
Answer:
4.42 x 10^22 molecules
Explanation:
1 mole of CO2 has 6.022 x 10^23 molecules
=> 0.0734 x 6.022 x 10^23 = 4.420148 x 10^22 or 4.42 x 10^22
I have a balloon with an initial temperature of 22 degrees Celcius and a volume of 5.50 liters. What will be the volume of the balloon when it is fully cooled by my refrigerator? The temperature inside my refrigerator is about 4 degrees Celcius.
The volume of the balloon is 12 it reaches this then it is fully cooled by my refrigerator.
What is volume ?
Space is occupied by every three-dimensional object. Its volume serves as a gauge for this area. The area contained by an object's limits in three-dimensional space is referred to as its volume. Another name for it is an object's capacity.
What is temperature ?
The movement of these particles likewise increases with rising temperature. A thermometer or a calorimeter are used to measure temperature.
Therefore, The volume of the balloon is 12 it reaches this then it is fully cooled by my refrigerator.
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The mass of H2 produced is 0.657 g.
What is a chemical reaction?Generally, The balanced equation is:
2 HCl → H2 + Cl2
The molar mass of HCl is 36.5 g/mol (1+35.5).
First, we need to determine the number of moles of HCl:
23.8 g HCl × (1 mol HCl/36.5 g HCl) = 0.651 mol HCl
From the balanced equation, we can see that 2 moles of HCl produce 1 mole of H2:
2 mol HCl → 1 mol H2
So, we can calculate the number of moles of H2 produced:
0.651 mol HCl × (1 mol H2/2 mol HCl) = 0.326 mol H2
Finally, we can use the molar mass of H2 to convert the number of moles of H2 to grams:
0.326 mol H2 × 2.016 g H2/mol = 0.657 g H2
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How many grams of NaOH reacted
When 28g of Fe(OH)₃ are made in this reaction then 31.4g of NaOH forms.
What is Mole concept?
The mole concept is a convenient method of expressing the amount of a substance.
Avogadro's number is the number of units in one mole of any substance and equals to 6 .02214076 × 1023. The units can be electrons, atoms, ions, or molecules.
No. of moles is defined as a particular no. of particles that we can calculate with the help of Avogadro’s number.
Given,
Mass of Fe(OH)₃ = 28g
We know that Molecular mass of NaOH = 40g
Molecular mass of Fe(OH)₃ = 106.8g
According to the equation given in question,
3 moles of NaOH forms 1 mol of Fe(OH)₃
Hence, 40×3 = 120g of NaOH forms 106.8g Fe(OH)₃
1g Fe(OH)₃ will formed by = 120÷106.8 g NaOH = 1.12g
28g of Fe(OH)₃ will formed by = 1.12×28 = 31.4g NaOH
Therefore, When 28g of Fe(OH)₃ are made in this reaction then 31.4g of NaOH forms.
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The law of conservation of nucleon number says that the total number of _______ before and after the reaction.
A. neutrons
B. electrons
C. protons
D. nucleons
Answer:
The correct answer is D. nucleons.
The law of conservation of nucleon number, also known as the law of conservation of mass number, states that the total number of nucleons (protons and neutrons) in a closed system remains constant before and after a nuclear reaction. This means that the sum of the mass numbers of the reactants must be equal to the sum of the mass numbers of the products. Therefore, the total number of nucleons is conserved in a nuclear reaction.
So, the law of conservation of nucleon number says that the total number of nucleons (protons and neutrons) is conserved before and after the reaction.
In an isosceles right triangle, the length of the hypotenuse is 6 units. Which measurement is NOT associated with the triangle?
a. 45° degrees
b. 90° degrees
c. 6√2
d. 3√2
(30 points)
Answer:
Therefore, the answer is none of the above; all options are associated with the triangle.
Explanation:
In an isosceles right triangle, the two legs are congruent, and each angle other than the right angle is 45 degrees. Since the hypotenuse of the triangle is 6 units, each leg has a length of:
leg length = hypotenuse / √2 = 6 / √2
This can be simplified by multiplying the numerator and denominator by √2:
leg length = (6 / √2) * (√2 / √2) = 6√2 / 2 = 3√2
Therefore, the length of each leg is 3√2 units.
Option (c) 6√2 is associated with the triangle as it is the length of the hypotenuse.
Option (a) 45° degrees is associated with the triangle as it is one of the acute angles of the isosceles right triangle.
Option (b) 90° degrees is associated with the triangle as it is the right angle of the isosceles right triangle.
Option (d) 3√2 is associated with the triangle as it is the length of each leg of the isosceles right triangle.
Therefore, the answer is none of the above; all options are associated with the triangle.
How much HCl (in moles) must be added to 1L of a buffer solution that is 0.84 M in ammonia and 0.96 M in ammonium chloride to result in a buffer solution of pH 8.56?
we need to add 0.20 moles of HCl to 1 liter of the buffer solution to achieve a pH of 8.56.
Steps
The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for the buffer system is:
pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])
where pKa is the acid dissociation constant for ammonium ion (NH4+), [A-] is the concentration of ammonia (NH3), and [HA] is the concentration of ammonium ion (NH4+).
The pKa for NH4+ is 9.25, so:
pH = 9.25 + log([NH3]/[NH4+])
Substituting the given concentrations, we get:
8.56 = 9.25 + log([NH3]/0.96)
log([NH3]/0.96) = -0.69
[NH3]/0.96 = 0.21
[NH3] = 0.20 M
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between HCl and NH3 can be used to determine how much HCl is necessary to reach this new concentration:
HCl + NH3 → NH4+ + Cl-
Calculating the amount of HCl required to convert some of the NH3 to NH4+ is all that is necessary because the buffer solution already includes NH4+ and Cl-. The required amount of NH4+ is:
[NH4+] = [NH3] = 0.20 M
The amount of HCl is needed is
0.20 mol NH3 × 1 mol HCl/1 mol NH3 = 0.20 mol HCl
Therefore, we need to add 0.20 moles of HCl to 1 liter of the buffer solution to achieve a pH of 8.56.
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Label the parts of the atom shown below?
A
B
C
The parts of the atom is as follows:
A.) Electrons
ElectronsB.) Neurons
ElectronsB.) NeuronsC.) Protons
What is an atom?An atom is defined as the indivisible part of an element that cannot further be broken down into smaller particles through a chemical process.
The various parts of an atom include the following:
Electrons: This is the outermost part of an atom of an element that are usually negatively charged.Neutrons: This is found in the inner nucleus of an atom and they do not bear an charges.Protons: They are also located at the nucleus of the atom and they are positively charged.Learn more about elements here:
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Answer:
A. electron
B. neutron
C. proton
Explanation:
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Sodium hydroxide, NaOHNaOH, is a strong base that is used in industrial synthesis and processes such as making paper.
What is the mass of 2.20 x1022 formula units of NaOHNaOH (Molar mass = 40.0 g/molg/mol)?
Express the mass in grams to three significant figures.
Answer:
the mass of 2.20 x 10^22 formula units of NaOH is 1.46 grams to three significant figures.
Explanation:
To calculate the mass of 2.20 x 10^22 formula units of NaOH, we can use the following steps:
Calculate the number of moles of NaOH:
Number of moles = Number of formula units / Avogadro's number
Number of moles = 2.20 x 10^22 / 6.022 x 10^23
Number of moles = 0.0365 mol
Calculate the mass of NaOH:
Mass = Number of moles x Molar mass
Mass = 0.0365 mol x 40.0 g/mol
Mass = 1.46 g
Therefore, the mass of 2.20 x 10^22 formula units of NaOH is 1.46 grams to three significant figures.
Phosphorus pentachloride decomposes according to the chemical equation
PCl5(g)↽−−⇀PCl3(g)+Cl2(g)c=1.80 at 250 ∘C
A 0.2377 mol
sample of PCl5(g)
is injected into an empty 3.45 L
reaction vessel held at 250 ∘C.
Calculate the concentrations of PCl5(g)
and PCl3(g)
at equilibrium.
[PCl5]=?
[PCl3]=?
The concentrations of PCl5(g) and PCl3(g) at equilibrium are 0.0524 M and 0.0165 M, respectively.
StepsFor the given reaction, the equilibrium constant (Kc) is 1.80 at 250 °C.
The concentration of PCl5(g) is 0.2377 mol/3.45 L = 0.0689 M at the beginning of the process.
Let x M be the PCl3(g) concentration at equilibrium. Hence, x M is likewise the concentration of Cl2(g) at equilibrium.
Using the equilibrium constant expression:
Kc = [PCl3][Cl2]/[PCl5]
1.80 = x * x / (0.0689 - x)
Solving for x using the quadratic formula:
x = [(-1) ± sqrt(1 + 4 * 1.80 * 0.0689)] / (2 * 1)
x = 0.0165 M or 0.0524 M
Therefore, at equilibrium:
[PCl5] = 0.0689 - x = 0.0524 M
[PCl3] = x = 0.0165 M
So, the concentrations of PCl5(g) and PCl3(g) at equilibrium are 0.0524 M and 0.0165 M, respectively.
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12.For UN3090 LITHIUM METAL BATTERIES (including lithium alloy batteries), which special provision tells you what safety mark should be used?
The lithium metal batteries are used in many devices like cell phones, tablets and laptops. The special provision 149 tells you what safety mark should be used.
What is Lithium metal batteries?The primary batteries which have metallic lithium as an anode are called lithium metal batteries. Most of the lithium metal batteries are found to be non-rechargeable. There are three types of cells which are used in lithium batteries, they are cylindrical, prismatic and pouch cells.
The special provision 149 of the TDG regulations states that UN3090, LITHIUM METAL BATTERIES and UN3480 LITHIUM ION BATTERIES are forbidden for transport as cargo on a passenger aircraft.
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Write a balanced chemical equation for the complete neutralization reaction between each pair of reactants
CH3CO2H and NaOH
HCI and CaCO3
The balanced complete neutralization reaction between each pair of reactants are-
CH₃COOH + NaOH → CH₃COONa + H₂O
CaCO₃ + HCl → CaCl₂ + H₂CO₃
What is balancing of a reaction?
Balancing of a reaction is based on Law of conservation of mass where we have to balance masses of the reactants and products in LHS and RHS of a chemical reaction.
For e.g -
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Therefore, the balanced complete neutralization reaction between each pair of reactants are-
CH₃COOH + NaOH → CH₃COONa + H₂O
CaCO₃ + HCl → CaCl₂ + H₂CO₃
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What are all the elements that can double bond?
Many elements can form double bonds, but some of the most common ones include:
Carbon (C)
Oxygen (O)
Nitrogen (N)
Sulfur (S)
Selenium (Se)
Tellurium (Te)
Phosphorus (P)
Silicon (Si)
Germanium (Ge)
Tin (Sn)
These elements can form double bonds with other atoms of the same element, or with different elements. Double bonds occur when two atoms share two pairs of electrons.