What was the Red Terror? What was its purpose?
Answer:
The Red Terror. The Red Terror was a Bolshevik -led campaign of intimidation, arrests, violence and executions. It unfolded in the second half of 1918 as the new regime struggled to eliminate opposition and threats to its own power, in the face of a looming civil war.
Explanation:
What was significant about Ronald Reagans election in 1980 ?
Throughout the country, there has been a push to get people to talk about Mr. Carter's "weakening performances.
Throughout the country, there has been a push to get people to talk about Mr. Carter's "weakening performances, notably doing nothing to secure the release of American hostages imprisoned in Iran." At the same time as Mr. Carter was cutting back on defence spending, the Soviet Union was reportedly developing 13,500 tanks, 6,300 planes, 900 ballistic missiles, and 1200 intercontinental missiles. ( So in essence, this is the response: Ronald Reagan's election to the presidency was aided by the hostage crisis in Iran.) Throughout the country, there has been a push to get people to talk about Mr. Carter's "weakening performances, notably doing nothing to secure the release of American hostages imprisoned in Iran." At the same time as Mr. Carter was cutting back on defence spending, the Soviet Union was reportedly developing 13,500 tanks, 6,300 planes, 900 ballistic missiles, and 1200 intercontinental missiles.
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The Beginnings of Industrialization
For each key term or person in
the lesson, write a sentence explaining its significance
The essential words here are "Industrial Revolution," "enclosures," "crop rotation,", "factors of production', etc.
What are the meanings of Industrial Revolution, enclosures, crop rotation, factors of production?The Industrial Revolution, which took place between roughly 1760 and about 1820–1840, was the adoption of new manufacturing techniques in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States.
When "waste" or "common land" is appropriated, it is said to have been enclosed, depriving commoners of their access and privilege rights.
Crop rotation is the process of successively growing various crops on the same piece of land in order to enhance soil health, maximize nutrients in the soil, and reduce insect and weed burden.
Factors of production, or FOPs for short, are the assets that people utilize to produce products and services; they are the fundamental elements of an economy. Land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship are the four groups of components of production that economists split into.
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people who received Nobel prize in South Africa
The four recipients of the Nobel Prize—Albert Luthuli, Desmond Tutu, Nelson Mandela, and Frederik Willem de Klerk—are profiled in this article.
17 Black people received Nobel Prizes as of November 2022, out of the 954 recipients. The rapid changes in the lives of black South Africans are illustrated through the telling of these Nobel laureates' stories through the language of their speeches. Soon after apartheid was abolished, remarkable new legal organizations and court procedures, such the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, were established.
The Nobel Prize is an annual, international award given for contributions to physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. It was originally given out in 1901. Since 1969, a related prize in economics has been given out.
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Does lack of freedom mean people are subject to violence, or does it justify violence on the part of those lacking freedom? Explain your answer.
Answer:
Does “lack of freedom” mean people are subject to violence, or does it justify violence on the part of those lacking freedom?
Explanation:
The more freedom a people have, the less their internal political violence; the less their freedom, the more such violence.
What did Lenin argue in what is to be done?
Lenin contends that economic disputes with employers over pay, hours worked, and similar issues will not cause the working class to become politically active on their own.
Who was Vladimir Lenin?Lenin argued that if Russia lost the war, the political revolution he desired would happen sooner.
He wrote and published Imperialism, The Highest Stage of Capitalism (1916) during this time, in which he made the case that war was an inevitable byproduct of global capitalism.
According to Lenin, economic disagreements with bosses over salary, hours worked, and similar matters won't automatically lead the working class to take an active role in politics.
Therefore, Lenin contends that economic disputes with employers over pay, hours worked, and similar issues will not cause the working class to become politically active on their own.
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Why does Keats contemplate death in the sonnet The Elgin Marbles?
A sonnet by John Keats titled "On Seeing the Elgin Marbles" was written in 1816. In it, the young, frail poet contrasts his own mortality with "each imagined pinnacle and steep / Of godlike hardship," the artistic achievement of "Grecian grandeur," and the "magnitude" that the sculptures seem to project.
The stunning sight of ancient Greek statues prompts the speaker of the poem "On Seeing the Elgin Marbles" to reflect on their own impending mortality. Despite the fact that they are simply shadows of the original statues, they serve as a reminder of the speaker's relative size. Despite being damaged, they are still capable of doing their jobs.
The British Museum currently houses the Elgin Marbles, a collection of ancient Greek sculptures from the Parthenon and other buildings on the Acropolis of Athens that were transported. If the agreement is finalized, the marbles will be delivered back to Greece in the first quarter of 2023, when they would be displayed with other Parthenon artifacts in the Acropolis Museum. A 10-year loan of the marbles to the future Acropolis Museum in Athens was previously being negotiated by the British Museum.
The Elgin Marbles (/ln/) are a group of sculptures and other items that were once a part of the Parthenon (and other sacred and ceremonial structures built on the Acropolis of Athens)
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Use the drop-down menu to complete the sentence.
In Spanish colonial society, the group in the highest position were the
Choose...
In Spanish colonial society, the group in the highest position were thethe Peninsular / Peninsulares.
What is Peninsular?Spanish Peninsular refers to the portion of the Spanish territory located on the Iberian Peninsula, excluding the rest of Spain.A series of islands and cliffs off the coast of Morocco collectively known as the Canary Islands, Balearic Islands, Ceuta, Melilla and Siberia Square. In Spain it is known simply as La Peninsular. To the north it borders France and Andorra. Portugal to the west and the British territory of Gibraltar to the south.Peninsular occupies the central part of Spain and has far more resources and better internal and external communication than the rest of the country.To compensate for this imbalance, Spaniards living outside the Peninsular The government subsidizes transportation to and from the peninsula.To learn more about Peninsular from the given link :
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How did Johnson carry on Kennedy's plan to help the U.S. economy recover and was it successful?
Answer:
The war tested the relationships between America and the mother country. The decisions that arose from the conflict caused both the British and the Americans to question the nature of the colonial partnership. After the French and Indian War, it began to become apparent that America and Britain were developing culturally and socially along different lines, and the war exposed and exacerbated the fundamental differences between British and American goals.
George Washington was a pivotal figure in the French and Indian War from the earliest days. For Washington the French and Indian War started in late 1753, when he was selected as the British emissary to the French frontier establishment. It ended with the fall of Fort Duquesne to the combined British and colonial forces. He was a young and ambitious man when he volunteered. His actions--which reflected his lack of experience--and his ambitions helped determine the course of the war.
The war was also an important event in Washington’s life and development. His later decisions and actions were influenced by his French and Indian War experience. Washington’s war experiences not only taught him valuable lessons about command and politics, they also caused him to re-examine his professional and personal goals. The war both provided Washington with valuable military experience and shaped his perceptions of the relationship between the colonials and the British. Washington emerged from the war as a less naïve person.
Washington was an ambitious young man who wanted to pursue a military career. Before his death, Washington’s older, half-brother Lawrence Washington had a brevet officer’s commission in the regular British army during the British invasion of Cartagena[1] and served as the military adjutant for Virginia. It was common in eighteenth-century Virginia for official positions to pass down within families, and it may have been with this in mind that Washington actively sought to succeed Lawrence as a military adjutant. The adjutants’ role was to instruct the militia officers and soldiers in the use and exercise of their arms, to increase discipline in the militia, and to teach the men of the lower classes how to be more civilized. The colonial government divided the colony into four military districts; Washington lobbied for the adjutancy of the Northern Neck, which included his home. However, Washington was appointed to the adjutancy of the Southern district, which stretched from the James River to the North Carolina border. While he was disappointed not to receive the district closer to home, it was an honor for the as not-yet-21-year-old Washington (who had no military experience) to be appointed to the adjutancy with its £100 per year salary and a Virginia Major’s commission.[2]
Assassination attempt on Viceroy Lord Minto was the most important reason for the reversal of partition of Bengal in 1911. "" Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer. CAIE standard 10 marks answer
Yes, we agree that the assassination attempt on Viceroy Lord Minto was the most important reason for the reversal of the partition of Bengal in 1911. The reason has been explained below.
The partition of Bengal created a Muslim-majority province, East Bengal(modern-day Bangladesh). The elite Hindus of West Bengal, who were the ones who collected taxes from Muslim peasants in east Bengal, now would be losing their influence in the new province. therefore they rejected the decision and launched a series of violent protests and demonstrations against the partition of Bengal.
The wave of anger rapidly spread to other parts of India. This reaction was so strong that it gave birth to the development of extremism in India. A number of small extremist groups came into existence that launched attacks on British officials. They succeeded in killing a few. Lord Minto, the future viceroy, escaped an assassination attempt. Finally, they had to bow down against the Hindu agitation and thus revoked the Bengal partition.
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The type of grievances outlined by the author in the passage were similar contributing factors in the outbreak of which of the following revolutions
The type of grievances outlined by the author in the passage were similar contributing factors to the outbreak of the American revolution.
What is the American Revolution?The American Revolution, also known as the United States War of Independence or the American Revolutionary War, was an insurgency that resulted in the political independence of 13 of Great Britain's North American colonies, which went on to establish the United States of America.
The war came after more than a decade of rising estrangement between the British crown and a major and prominent part of its North American colonies, driven by British attempts to impose greater control over colonial affairs after a lengthy period of salutary neglect.
Until early in 1778, the battle was a civil war within the British Empire, but it quickly escalated into an international conflict when France and Spain joined the colonies in their fight against Britain.
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Which of the following is the best example of a farming technology attributed to the Vedic Age?
A. Terracing
B. Crop rotation
C. Pesticide use
D. Iron plow
The best example of a farming technology attributed to the Vedic Age is the Iron plow.
The Vedic Age was a period of ancient Indian history that lasted from roughly the 15th to the 6th centuries BCE. During this time, the use of iron tools, including the iron plow, became widespread in agriculture.
The iron plow was a significant technological innovation that allowed farmers to more easily till the soil and prepare it for planting. The use of the iron plow greatly increased agricultural productivity and contributed to the development of settled communities and the growth of cities. Other farming technologies attributed to the Vedic Age include the use of draft animals, such as oxen, to pull plows and carts, and the use of irrigation systems to water crops.
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Answer:
The best example of a farming technology attributed to the Vedic Age is the Iron plow.
Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do." These lines from the Declaration of Independence are an example of the use of __________. (5 points)
Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do." This passage from the Declaration of Independence serves as an illustration of the use of ethos.
The Second Continental Congress met at Pennsylvania State House, later known as Independence Hall, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on July 4, 1776, and adopted The United States Declaration of Independence, officially The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen United States of America. It serves as the country's founding declaration. The Declaration of Independence, which was adopted during the American Revolution, explains why the Thirteen Colonies, who were at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain, saw themselves as thirteen separate, independent republics who were no longer under British colonial rule. The American Revolutionary War, which had been raging since April 1775, was de facto officially declared with the signing of the Declaration of Independence by the 13 founding states.
All three of Aristotle's rhetorical persuasion techniques—ethos, the ethical argument, pathos, the emotional appeal, and logos, the logical appeal—are used in the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson uses ethos to make the American cause seem important, well-thought-out, and desirable by emphasizing its sincerity and intellectual rigor in the statement. He appeals to the shared ancestry and blood links between the British and Americans by using pathos.
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How did the internment camps affect the Japanese?
The Japanese American migration program had huge outcomes. Camp occupants lost some $400 million in the property during their detainment. Congress gave $38 million in repayments in 1948 and after forty years paid an extra $20,000 to each enduring person who had been kept in the camps.
Inside the camps, Japanese Americans got through dehumanizing conditions including unfortunate lodging and food, an absence of security, lacking clinical consideration, and unsatisfactory schooling.
Numerous Americans stressed that residents of Japanese families would go about as spies or saboteurs for the Japanese government. Dread — not proof — drove the U.S. to put more than 127,000 Japanese-Americans in death camps however long WWII might last. More than 127,000 US residents were detained during The Second Great War.
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Will give brainliest! Please help me, list the correct answer choices
Which of the following eventually became the nation's largest labor union, reaching its peak at four million members in 1920
Samuel Gompers founded the American Federation of Labor in 1886 to represent the interests of the working people, it became the nation's largest labor union, reaching its peak at four million members in 1920.
What was the American Federation of Labor?The AFL-CIO, which was once known as the American Federation of Labor (A.F. of L.), is the current incarnation of the former organization. It was established in 1886 in Columbus, Ohio, by a coalition of craft unions dissatisfied with the Knights of Labor and willing to offer one another assistance. At the organization's founding convention, Samuel Gompers was chosen as its full-time president. From that point until his death in 1924, he was re-elected every year but one. He rose to prominence as the movement's principal spokesperson. Even after the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) was founded by unions the A.F. of L. evicted in 1935, the A.F. of L. remained the largest union organization.
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When do archeologists and historians believe the first people settled in North America?
A.500-600 years ago
B.In the late 1600s BCE
C.15,000-16,000 years ago
D. Over 2 million years ago
What is a geographic reason for the differences in the way Native American groups lived?
Answer:
As people spread across North America, they adapted to the different kinds of terrain and climate they found.
Explanation:
First,, of all, you must know that the Native Americans through scientific studies showed that they originally came from Asia through the Bering Strait (The small patch of ocean between Alaska and Russia)
So when they came to North America, they separated and migrated throughout the continent. So as they migrated, they had to adapt to various environments and they did not have modern technology to see where the climate for each area is to decide to move there (although they may have moved around a bit to adapt better if they were nomad tribes)
So as they spread, they adapted to different kinds of terrain and climate they found so people who might live in the midwest might be nomads living in Tepees and hunting animals such as buffalo while tribes living in the south might live in mud huts and hunt desert animals while tribes living in what is now Alaska might live in igloos and live off arctic animals such as seals, polar bears, and whales.
What does this political cartoon reveal about the
SS and Gestapo in Nazi Germany?
ands
Answer:
Explanation:
The police man is making assumptions about someone and going after them for a assumption which may or may not be true and only the person that the police man is going after would be able to say if it is true or false
The political cartoon reveals the SS and Gestapo in Nazi Germany as a Police officer holding a man in a public setting.
What is Cartoon?A cartoon is referring to an animation or graphic creation that is used to portray any serious or challenging issue in a satirical or humorous manner in order to create awareness or educate poeple.
The Second World War, one of the worst events to ever happen to mankind, was brought on by the Treaty of Versailles, which significantly increased the sense of pleasure and nationalism among those Germans.
in the given cartoon it is portrayed as the police officer assuming something about someone and pursuing them because of an assumption that may or may not be true, and only the individual that the police officer is going.
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Was the Social Security Act a relief recovery or reform?
The social security law was considered as a type of recovery since it allowed to recover the situation of many people, in addition to guaranteeing their protection.
What is the benefit of the social security law?The social security law is of great benefit since it guarantees the right to health, medical assistance and social services, which allows individual and collective welfare.
In addition, this law allows the granting of pensions to people of an adult age, which will allow them to subsist economically, satisfying their basic needs.
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Which of the following is not an example of how the draft contributed to the Vietnam War's unpopularity?
A. Young men at age 18 were forced to apply for the draft.
B. The draft continued despite the fact that Congress never officially declared war.
C. Americans believed that the military was not drafting enough soldiers.
D. Drafted soldiers were too likely to be wounded or killed in action.
Answer:
Correct answer I C
Explanation:
Because if you read closely it's the only one that did not help the growing of the unpopularity.
Complete el esquema con pares análogos:
Inundación
Almeja
Eslabón
Manzano
Die
Chompe
Horca
Animal
Abochornar
Verso
Escalera
Escopeta
Paraguas
Guillotina
Anaquel
Escultor
Codo
Caka
Arveja
Rosario
Arbol
Fruta
Colorear
Abrigo
Las palabras que completan los pares son: Inundación - Paraguas, Almeja - Arveja, Eslabón - Escultor, Manzano - Fruta, Pie - Codo, Chompa - Abrigo, Horca - Guillotina, Animal - Arbol, Abochornar - Colorear, Verso - Rosario, Escalera - Anaquel, Escopeta - caña.
¿Qué son pares análogos?Los pares de palabras análogas son pares de palabras que tienen alguna relación ya sea en su significado o en su forma de escritura. De acuerdo a esta definición podemos emparejar las palabras de la siguiente manera:
Inundación - Paraguas: Ambas palabras hacen relación al agua.Almeja - Arveja: Ambas palabras se escriben parecido.Eslabón - Escultor: Ambas palabras se escriben parecido.Manzano - Fruta: Ambas palabras hacen referencia a frutas.Pie - Codo: Ambas palabras hacen referencia a partes del cuerpo.Chompa - Abrigo: Ambas palabras hacen referencia a prendas de vestir.Horca - Guillotina: Ambas palabras hacen referencia a herramientas de muerte.Animal - Árbol: Ambas palabras hacen referencia a seres vivos.Abochornar - Colorear: Ambas palabras hacen referencia a acciones o verbos.Verso - Rosario: Ambas palabras hacen referencia a oraciones o palabras para recitar.Escalera - Anaquel: Ambas palabras hacen referencia a objetos u herramientas.Escopeta - caña: Ambas palabras hacen referencia a herramientas de caza.Aprenda más sobre palabras en: https://brainly.com/question/13207596
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What rules did the Framers establish for the convention? What was the purpose of these rules? please help i will mark you brainliest!!
The rules establish by the framers for the Constitutional Convention were One vote per state; the Constitution for the country and how the nation would be governed.
What is Constitution?A constitution is like a rule book for a country or a state. A constitution can be a written(codified) or an unwritten constitution It contains the basic or fundamental principles by which the state or a nation is governed.
It describes the main institutions of the state, and defines the relationship between these institutions (for example, between the executive, legislature and judiciary). It sets the limits on the exercise of power, and sets out the rights and duties of citizens.
As the time changes and progress, it becomes the need to modify the constitution. So a constitution can be amended as per the rules of the constitutional amendment.
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Five paragraph about James Earl Ray
Answer:
Who Was James Earl Ray?
A confirmed racist and small-time criminal, James Earl Ray began plotting the assassination of revered civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. in early 1968. He shot and killed King in Memphis on April 4, 1968, confessing to the crime the following March. Ray died in prison on April 23, 1998.
Early Years
Born on March 10, 1928, in Alton, Illinois, was the eldest of George and Lucille Ray's nine children. The Rays struggled to make ends meet, and as a consequence, the family moved several times during the early part of Ray's childhood.
A part of his life was shaped by tragedy. In 1935 the family suddenly left Alton and relocated to Ewing, Missouri, after police had started looking for Ray's father on a forgery charge. Two years later, his young sister Marjorie, died in a fire after playing with matches and accidentally catching herself on fire.
At the age of 16, Ray left his parents and returned to Alton, where he moved in with his grandmother and landed work in the dye room of the International Shoe Tannery.After getting laid off in 1945, Ray enlisted in the Army, eventually getting stationed in West Germany. But he found it difficult to adapt to the military's strict codes of conduct. He was charged with drunkenness and breaking arrest, before getting discharged for ineptness and lack of adaptability in 1948.
Ray's life outside the Army proved even less stable. After returning to Alton and moving back in with his grandmother, he blazed through a number of odd jobs. In 1949 he left for Los Angeles, where in October of that year police arrested him for robbing a cafe. He was sentenced to 90 days in prison, but the lockup did little to reform him.
Over the next several years, Ray embarked on a number of small crimes, serving various jail times. The most serious of those came in 1959, when Ray, on parole for an earlier theft, robbed two St. Louis grocery stores, as well as another in Alton. In March 1960 Ray started a 20-year sentence for the crimes.
Housed at the Missouri State Penitentiary, Ray managed to escape the facility in 1967. He at first fled to Canada but, unable to get on a ship and flee overseas, he returned to the U.S. and made his way to first Alabama, then Mexico, and later Los Angeles.
Martin Luther King Jr. Assassination
Whatever the exact details were that led him to Memphis in April 1968, Ray rented a room at a rooming house under the name Eric Starvo Galt, near the Lorraine Motel, where King was staying.
On April 4, 1968, Ray stood in the bathtub of the bathroom, balanced his rifle on a window ledge and shot King as the civil rights leader was standing on a balcony outside of his motel room. After shooting King, Ray immediately fled, setting off a manhunt that would last more than two months and cover five countries. At the time, it was said to be the FBI's most expensive and biggest investigation in its history.
Finally, on July 19, 1968, the FBI caught up with Ray in London and extradited him to the United States. Ray pleaded guilty to the murder, something he'd spend the rest of his life trying to reverse, and was sentenced to 99 years in prison.
Exactly what led Ray to kill King continues to be a source of debate, as does his role in the murder. Evidence does suggest that Ray had little stomach for the integration policies that were sweeping the country. In addition to his segregationist beliefs, he also saw a big payday, some historians have said, in killing Black leaders like H. Rap Brown, Stokely Carmichael and, of course, King.
James Earl Ray
Explanation:
When did food rationing end after ww2?
As the Second World War drew to an end in 1945, the government's rationing program was eliminated. Sugar was the sole good still under rationing. The embargo was subsequently removed in June 1947.
What is WW2?The Second World War, sometimes known as World War II or just World War II, lasted from 1939 to 1945 and was a global battle.
The vast majority of the world's nations, including all of the great powers, participated in combat as members of the Allies and the Axis, two diametrically opposed military coalitions.
The government's rationing scheme was abolished in 1945 as the Second World War came to an end.
The only item still subject to rationing by year's end was sugar. In June 1947, the prohibition was eventually lifted.
In the gardens and parks of the town were raised chickens, rabbits, goats, and pigs.
In Britain, food was restricted for 14 years, from 1940 to 1954.
Therefore, as the Second World War drew to an end in 1945, the government's rationing program was eliminated. Sugar was the sole good still under rationing. The embargo was subsequently removed in June 1947.
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Compare and contrast the experience of Japanese Americans during WWII with the concentration camp
Answer:
Japanese Internment camps were very different to the Nazi concentration camps. The reason is that the Nazis were very cruel to the Jewish people. While in Japanese internment camps anyone found disloyal to the Americans was put in the Japanese camps in California.
Explanation:
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Why did the US enter ww2 after Pearl Harbor?
After Japan's unprovoked attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the United States joined the second World War.
The US had been neutral up until that point, with Congress split on whether to aid Europe in its struggle against Hitler or to stay out of another European conflict.
The naval station at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii, was the target of a surprise military attack by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States. After that with just one vote against it, Congress declared war on Imperial Japan the day following the attack on Pearl Harbor.
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Saul had first been trained and educated to be a: Maccabee Sadducee Christian Pharisee
Saul had received his education and training as a Pharisee first. As a result, choice (D) is appropriate.
What is Pharisee?During the Second Temple era of Judaism, the Pharisees were a social movement and school of thought among Jews in the Levant. Pharisaic doctrines were the conceptual, liturgical, and ritual underpinning of Rabbinic Judaism following the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE.
Conflicts between Pharisees and Sadducees occurred within the context of far larger, more entrenched social and religious disputes among Jews, which were exacerbated by the Roman occupation. The Sadducees, who supported Hellenization, and those who opposed it engaged in a cultural war (the Pharisees).
Hence, option (D) is accurate.
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What was life like in the internment camps?
Aside from mattresses and coal-burning stoves, interns were housed in uninsulated barracks. Hot water was typically scarce, although residents shared laundry and restroom facilities. Armed guards on patrol with orders to shoot anyone attempting to flee the internment camps.
During World War II, why were Japanese Americans sent to internment camps?Many Americans were concerned that people of Japanese descent would serve as spies or saboteurs for the Japanese government. Japanese-Americans were interned in concentration camps for the length of World War II because of fear rather than actual evidence. During World War II, more than 127,000 Americans were detained. They were forcibly abducted from their West Coast homes and transferred to prison work internment camps around the nation, two-thirds of whom were full citizens who were born in the United States.
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Which of the following statements about the Texas Constitutional Convention of 1865 is not true? A. There were strong Union and secessionist factions at the convention. B. Texas had to repudiate the war debt incurred by the state. C. Texas had to return to the federal government parts of Oklahoma seized by Texas Confederate soldiers. D. The state had to formally reject the right of secession. E. Texas had to accept the abolition of slavery.
Answer:
C. Texas had to return to the federal government parts of Oklahoma seized by Texas Confederate soldiers.