Answer:
3.22%
Explanation:
we must first determine the yield to maturity of both bonds in order to determine their before tax cost of debt:
YTM = {coupon + [(face value - market value)/n]} / [(face value + market value)/2]
YTM Bond₁ = {19.10 + [(1,000 - 1,030)/12]} / [(1,000 + 1,030)/2] = 16.6 / 1,015 = 0.01635 x 2 = 3.27%
YTM Bond₂ = {32.95 + [(1,000 - 1,070)/28]} / [(1,000 + 1,070)/2] = 0.0294 x 2 = 5.88%
firm's weighted after tax cost of debt = {[($5.2 / $14.7) x 3.27%] x (1 - 0.35)} + {[($9.5 / $14.7) x 5.88%] x (1 - 0.35)} = 0.75% + 2.47% = 3.22%
Create a business decision based on the company where you work, a small business you hope to own someday or just make something up - then identify, define and explain an incremental cost, opportunity cost and sunk cost. You will need to be somewhat creative in your response.
Answer and Explanation:
Incremental can be defined as the turn in the total amount as a specific decision. While Incremental revenue states that the change in total income which results from a specific criterion.
According to the incremental principle, A decision can be specified profitable when it is a growth in income instead of amount while sunk cost (which is already incurred and it can not be regained.
let us take an example I 'm starting a Pizza house. I select a spot close schools and colleges because my key focus group is students. I will nominate an experienced cook and will incur more costs (incremental costs) if the demand for the goods is high. I should obtain at least reasonable prices of raw materials from a wholesaler. The cost of setting up a Pizza house etc. would be minimized. I will launch this combo package to attract students and follow the aim of optimizing revenue rather than maximizing profit
The static budget, at the beginning of the month, for Amira Company follows: Static budget: Sales volume: 1 comma 000 units; Sales price: $ 70 per unit Variable costs: $ 33 per unit; Fixed costs: $ 36 comma 200 per month Operating income: $ 800 Actual results, at the end of the month, follows: Actual results: Sales volume: 990 units; Sales price: $ 74 per unit Variable costs: $ 35.00 per unit; Fixed costs: $ 33 comma 500 per month Operating income: $ 5 comma 110 Calculate the flexible budget variance for fixed costs.
Answer:
$2700 Favourable
Explanation:
A flexible budget variance is any difference between the results generated by a flexible budget and actual results. If Flexible budgeted value is greater than Actual results then it would be a favorable result or Vice versa.
Data
Budgeted fixed cost = $36,200
Actual Fixed cost =$33,500
Variance =?
Solution
Variance = Budgeted fixed cost - actual fixed cost
Vaiance = $36,200-$33500
Variance =$2700 Favorable
The Sunflower, Inc makes and sells tasty hamburgers for $8 per unit with a unit variable cost of $6. All sales are for cash and the variable costs are paid immediately. The company has budgeted the following data for November:
Sales 20000 units
Cash,Beginning Balance $34,000
Selling and administratie(of which depreciation $5,000) $53,000
If necessary, the company will borrow cash from a bank on the first day of November. Assume that the borrowing can be made in any (exact) amount, but bears interest at 2% per month. The November interest will be paid in cash during November. What is the closest amount of cash that must be borrowed on November 1 to cover all cash disbursements and to obtain the desired November 30 cash balance?
Answer:
Amount to be borrowed is around $7,140
Explanation:
All the sales are cash sales
Total number of units produced and sold 20,000 units
Selling price is $8
Cash receipt on account on sales is 20,000 * $8 = $160,000
Variable cost per unit is $6
Total number of units produced and sold = 20,000 unit
Cash to be paid is $20,000 * $8 = $120,000
Calculation of Ending cash balance without considering Loan amount
Particulars Amount$ Amount$
Beginning Cash 34,000
Cash receipts on sales 160,000
Total cash available 194,000
Less: Cash disbursement 120,000
Variable cost
Selling and administrative 53,000
Less: Depreciation -5,000 48,000
Ending cash balance 26,000
Ending cash balance without considering loan amount is $26,000
Required cash balance is $33,000
Rate of interest of 2% per month
Amount to be taken as loan is: (Required cash balance - Available cash balance)* 102%
= ($33,000 - $26,000) * 102%
= $7,140
Amount to be borrowed is around $7,140
A company ages its accounts receivables to determine its end of period adjustment for bad debts. At the end of the current year, management estimated that $22,500 of the accounts receivable balance would be uncollectible. Prior to any year-end adjustments, the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts had a debit balance of $600. What adjusting entry should the company make at the end of the current year to record its estimated bad debts expense
Answer: Please see explanation column
Explanation:
The adusting journal entry should be :
Accounts Debit Credit
Bad Debts Expense $23,100
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $23,100
Explanation
Estimated balance in allowance account =$22,500
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts = debit of 600
adjustment to allowance= 22,500 +600 = $23,100
Under the Uniform Securities Act, all of the following must be disclosed in an investment advisory contract EXCEPT A) other states in which the adviser is registered B) a provision prohibiting the adviser from being compensated based on a share of capital gains C) the manner in which the advisory fee will be computed D) a provision prohibiting the adviser from assigning the contract without client consent
Answer: A) other states in which the adviser is registered
Explanation:
The Uniform Securities Act was put in place in order to deal with fraud involving securities at state level and to also help the Securities and Exchange Commission in the regulation and enforcement.
Based on the options provided in the question, under the Uniform Securities Act, all of the following must be disclosed in an investment advisory contract except other states in which the adviser is registered.
OceanGate sells external hard drives for $200 each. Its total fixed costs are $30 million, and its variable costs per unit are $140. The corporate tax rate is 30%. If the economy is strong, the firm will sell 2 million drives, but if there is a recession, it will sell only half as many.
a. What is the firm's degree of operating leverage in going from a recession to a strong economy?
b. If the economy enters a recession, what will be the firm's after-tax profit?
Answer:
a) 1.33
b) $21,000,000
Explanation:
EBIT in normal economy = (total units sold x contribution margin) - total fixed costs = (2,000,000 x $60) - $30,000,000 = $90,000,000
EBIT in recessive economy = (total units sold x contribution margin) - total fixed costs = (1,000,000 x $60) - $30,000,000 = $30,000,000
degree of operating leverage = % change in EBIT / % change in sales
% change in EBIT = ($30 - $90) / $90 = -66.67%% change in sales = (1 - 2) / 2 = -50%degree of operating leverage = -66.67% / -50% = 1.33
firm's after tax profit in a recession = EBIT x (1 - tax rate) = $30,000,000 x 0.7 = $21,000,000
The balanced scorecard approach relies not only on financial performance measures, but includes customers, internal business processes, and organizational learning and growth.
a. True
b. False
A production possibilities frontier (PPF) graph would be used when a business wants to: A. determine outputs given the inputs available. B. create pricing systems. C. understand consumer demand. D. project rates of currency exchanges given political situations.
Answer:D duh
Explanation:
With political exchange economy grows and the rest of the solutions are solved
Aladdin Jets is attempting to build an airplane that is made by welding the skin (outside layer) of the plane. The technique is much less expensive than an alternative riveting technology. The firm is also using a new type of jet engine with superior efficiency. The new entrant is entering a market that is realizing a substantial increase in competition. Which of the following would be strategies that the firm is attempting?
a. Cost reduction
b. Product differentiation
c. reduction in competitive intensity
d. a and b
e. all of the above.
Answer: Option D( a and b)
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed that Aladdin Jets wants to build an airplane that is made by welding the skin of the plane and that the technique is much less expensive than an alternative riveting technology.
We are further informed that the firm is also using a new type of jet engine with superior efficiency. The above analysis shows that the firm is using a product differentiation strategy and also reducing costs. While the company is trying out new things, it's also trying to minimize cost.
g A constraint to complicated macroeconomic models has been: Group of answer choices that firms do not maximize profits. that agents are not rational. that economists have run out of ideas. a lack of computing power. an insufficient understanding of statistics.
Answer:
a lack of computing power.
Explanation:
Financial information is presented below: Operating expenses $ 45,000 Sales returns and allowances 4,000 Sales discounts 6,000 Sales revenue 160,000 Cost of goods sold 90,000 The amount of net sales on the income statement would be:
Answer:
$150,000
Explanation:
To calculate the net sales,
Sales Revenue
$160,000
Sales discount ($6,000)
Sales returns and allowances ($4,000)
Net sales $150,000
A bond's credit ratingt provides a guides to its risk. suppose that long term bonds Aa currently offers yield to mjaturity of 7.5%. A-rated bonds sell at yields of 7.8%. Sud- pose that a 10-year bond with a coupon rate of 7.6% is downgraded by Moody's from an Aa to A rating.
Required:
a. Is the bond likely to sell above or below par value before the downgrade?
b. Is the bond likely to sell above or below par value after the downgrade?
Answer:
a.- above par (premium)
b.- below par (discount)
Explanation:
Currenly the bonds par yield will be of 7.6%
Before the downgrade the expected return on that risk was 7.5% so it was above par.
Once the downgrade occurs: the expected return considering the increased risk is 7.8% Therefore the market price will decrease. This will move the yield to maturity from 7.5% to 7.8% and the market price below par.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was created in response to corporate accounting scandals in the early 21st century to reform the accounting industry, particularly in regards to auditing and internal controls.
A. True
B. False
Answer:
The answer is "Option A"
Explanation:
In this Act, the U.S. Congress in 2002 to financing offers against the risk of corporate accounting fraud. To enhance account statements on firms as well as reduce financial crimes, its Sarbanes Oxley Act (SOX) authorized information pertinent.
The SOX has been introduced in the early 2000s throughout responding to its accounting irregularities. The Shareholder commitment within financial reports has been shattered by controversies in everything from Enron, Tyco, and WorldCom and a rewrite in regulatory requirements.Research online and find two software tools for bank account reconciliation. Write a 500-word report comparing their features and benefits.
Answer:
1. CashBook
2. BlackLine
Explanation:
1. Cashbook can provide bank reconciliations quick, easily and this software also claims to be affordable. The Cashbook Bank reconciliation module allows reconciliation between the organizations system and the bank accounts statement. CashBook software enables an organizations finance department to set rules which will be followed when the software is performing Bank reconciliation.
2. BlackLine is unified cloud for finance and accounting. The software is updated continuously to provide up to date financial calculations. This software provide accurate bank reconciliation to ease the process of preparing financial statements. The tasks BlackLine can perform includes, balance sheet integrity, close process management and compliance. This software is closely designed with SAP.
When a software is used to perform bank reconciliation the results are accurate and quick as compared to an employee carrying out the task. Bank Reconciliation requires the organizations general ledger to be compared with the bank accounts statement to find out any transactions that are not recorded in the system or are not performed by the bank at the given time. The transactions identified as not recorded in the ledger are recorded in the system by the authorized personnel mostly these transactions are bank charges of which the organization and finance departments employees are unaware of, the rest of the transactions are initiated at the request of the finance department employees (authorized personnel). If a person performs this task it can take hours and hours for that employee to reconcile a single account, as the process will be carried out manually but on the other hand if the same task which is bank reconciliation is performed over the software can provide the results in minutes. The employee performing bank reconciliation can also be utilized to perform other tasks of the department as required this may include preparing invoices, booking receivables, preparing receivable aging and so on, but a software cannot perform these tasks or if the software can then further modules of the software might required to be purchased in order to benefit from other financial services, while on the other hand an employee can have multiple responsibilities. The amount for which an employee for the relevant role can be hired and the amount for which the software is available can be relevant as both are giving benefits, if the software is cheaper but reliable than hiring an employee then the software should be purchased and if hiring an employee for bank reconciliation is cheaper as compared to buying the licence of the software then the employee must be hired as it will save up the organizations cost which can be utilized elsewhere.
Plato answer
Answers may vary.)
Cashbook
Cashbook is an online software tool that offers bookkeeping and accounting solutions. It offers bank reconciliation solutions to help consumers reconcile bank accounts. It offers consumers an online general ledger to keep track of account transactions. Consumers can link their bank accounts directly to Cashbook so the software can automatically download and update the general ledger. Importing bank statements off the Internet means consumers don’t have to waste time typing everything out. Cashbook can make consumers confident that their deductions and additions to the account balance are done correctly. Once an account is balanced, the software allows consumers to search and sort through their data and print off reports. Cashbook also provides customer support so the consumer can have help learning how to use the software. It also offers how-to videos on different aspects of the application. The best aspect of Cashbook is that it is free.
Once consumers set up their records, they are ready to enter the bank opening balances. Without accurate opening balances, the reports created by Cashbook will be incorrect. Go to Cashbook Settings, then to Financial Settings to input the information.
QuickBooks
QuickBooks is an accounting program that keeps track of all your financial transactions. Check writing, money withdrawals, deposits, incurred bank charges, and fees are recorded in QuickBooks and reconciled with the bank’s records. To begin the reconciliation process, consumers first need to compare the beginning balance on their bank statements to the beginning balance on QuickBooks. This establishes that the information in QuickBooks is correct. In order to have correct information, you have to clear transactions directly in the account register within the software. To do this, consumers have to go into their bank account, choose Begin Reconciliation, select the appropriate account, and in the Statement Data field, enter the date of the bank statement to be reconciled. Compare that amount to the amount on the bank statement. Next, find the ending balance on the bank statement and enter it in the Ending Balance field. Also enter any service charges or interest earned. In the field for service charges, consumers enter the name of the expense account to track service charges. For interest, enter the name of the income account to track interest income. QuickBooks will then reconcile the account.
If the beginning balance and the statement don’t match, QuickBooks has a system for checking and correcting the issue. QuickBooks not only offers reconciliation and reports, but also offers graphs, bill tracking, overdue notices, and other services.
Both Cashbook and QuickBooks are accounting software programs to help consumers reconcile their accounts. Cashbook offers a more basic interface for reconciling accounts. It also requires less data entry than QuickBooks. However, it relies only on the information from the bank’s site. This means if there is an error on the bank side, Cashbook will not catch it. QuickBooks requires more data entry, but does more comparison as well. There are more entry fields for line items, such as service charges and interest earned. It also offers additional services that Cashbook doesn’t. When comparing the two, QuickBooks appears to offer consumers more options, reminders, and services.
Assume real per capita GDP in North Metropolania is $8,000 while in East Vice City it is $2,000. The annual growth rate in North Metropolania is 2.33%, while in East Vice City it is 7%. How many years will it take for East Vice City to catch up to the real per capita GDP of North Metropolania
Answer:
31 years
Explanation:
we have to prepare two future value equations:
FV = $8,000 x (1 + 0.0233)ⁿFV = $2,000 x (1 + 0.07)ⁿnext we must equal them:
$8,000 x (1 + 0.0233)ⁿ = $2,000 x (1 + 0.07)ⁿ
4 x (1 + 0.0233)ⁿ = (1 + 0.07)ⁿ
4 = 1.07ⁿ / 1.0233ⁿ = (1.07 / 1.0233)ⁿ
4 = 1.0456367ⁿ
log4 = n x log1.0456367
0.602 = n x 0.01938
n = 0.602 / 0.01938 = 31.06 ≈ 31 years
On March 15, 2019, J.D. sold his Clampett, Inc. (an S corporation) shares to Ellie Mae, Inc. (a C corporation), terminating Clampett, Inc.'s S election on March 15, 2019. Absent permission from the IRS, what is the earliest date Clampett, Inc., may again elect to be taxed as an S corporation
Answer:
January 1, 2024
Explanation:
The IRS states that any S corporation that has been converted to a C corporation and wants to turn back into an S corporation again, must wait at least until the fifth tax year to do it.
In this case, the S corporation was converted to a C corporation in 2019, so 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023 must pass before it is converted again into an S Corporation. It can be converted again at the beginning of 2024 (the fifth year).
Which of the following is not required to prove innocent representation?
A. The fact asserted was material.
B. The fact asserted constituted a mistake of law.
C. The complaining party's reliance was reasonable.
D. The complaining party entered the contract because of his reliance on the fact asserted.
Answer:
I think it is C
hope I'm right
Applying Excel: Exercise (Part 2 of 2)
Requirement 2:
A
B
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Chapter 11: Applying Excel
Data
Sales $45,000,000
Net operating income $4,500,000
Average operating assets$15,000,000
Minumum required rate of return 21%
Revise the data in your worksheet as follows:
If your formulas are correct, you should get the correct answers to the following questions.
a. What is the ROI?
b. What is the residual income? (Negative amount should be indicated by a minus sign.)
c. Why is the residual income positive?
Answer:
ROI 15%
Residual Income $1,350,000
Explanation:
Residual Income is the difference between net income of the company and the required rate of return. It determines the excess of income generate than the minimum return. The formula to calculate the residual income is,
RI = Net operating Income - (Required rate of return * Cost of operating assets)
RI = $4,500,000 - (21% * $15,000,000 )
RI = $1,350,000
ROI = [tex]\frac{Net Operating Income}{Capital Employed}[/tex]
Capital Employed = Sales - Average operating assets
ROI = 15%
Residual income is positive when the department has meet the minimum return requirement. Minimum return is the return that is required by the company stakeholders. The particular projects and activities are selected on the basis of residual income.
مطلوب
If personal saving is -$17billion and .1
disposable personal income is $370 billion,
* then personal consumption spending
(2 نقطة)
Answer:
Personal consumption spending = $387 billion
Explanation:
Given:
Personal saving = -$17 billion
Personal income = $370 billion
Find:
Personal consumption spending
Computation:
Personal consumption spending = Personal income - (Personal saving)
Personal consumption spending = $370 billion - (-$17 billion)
Personal consumption spending = $387 billion
Sales revenue for a sporting goods store amounted to $528,000 for the current period. All sales are on account and are subject to a sales tax of 11?%.
Which of the following would be included in the journal entry to record the sales? transaction?
A. A debit to Accounts Receivable for $ 586,080.
B. A credit to Accounts Receivable for $528,000.
C. A debit to Sales Tax Payable for $58,080.
D. A debit to Sales Revenue for $ 528,000.
Answer:
The answer is A. A debit to Accounts Receivable for $ 586,080
Explanation:
Sales tax is an additional amount of money one pays based on a percentage of the selling price of goods and services that are purchased.
The sales tax amount will be added to sales revenue to form the total bill.
Sales revenue ----------------- $528,00
Sales tax -------------------------- 11%
Sales tax amount
$528,00 x 0.11
= $58,080
Therefore, total bill is:
$528,00 + $58,080
=$586,080.
Debit increases an asset(accounts receivable) while credit decreases an asset(accounts receivable).
Since the accounts receivable will increase, it will be on debit side.
Shirts.com makes business dress shirts. The shirts could have defects in various ways including in the weave or color of the fabric, loose buttons, wrong dimensions, and uneven stitches. 8 shirts are randomly examined, with the following results. Is the process in control?
Shirts Defect
1 4
2 6
3 3
4 1
5 5
6 6
7 4
8 6
a.) No, the process is not in control.
b.) Not enough information to determine this.
c.) Yes, the process is in control.
Answer: c.) Yes, the process is in control.
Explanation:
For the process to be in control, the number of defects have to be between the Upper Control Limit and the Lower Control limits of the c-chart which can be used to measure defects of irregularities per unit.;
UCL = C-bar + z*√(c-bar)
LCL = C-bar - z*√(c-bar)
C - Bar = [tex]\frac{Number of Dfects}{Number of shirts}[/tex]
C - Bar = [tex]\frac{4+6+3+1+5+6+4+6}{8}[/tex]
C - Bar = 4.375
z = 3 when using the 3 sigma control
UCL = C-bar + z*√(c-bar)
UCL = 4.375 + 3 * √(4.375)
UCL = 10.65
LCL = C-bar - z*√(c-bar)
LCL = 4.375 - 3 * √(4.375)
LCL = -1.9
LCL = 0 (Lower limit minimum should be 0 at least)
Defects are within the control limits. The process is in control.
The Process is in Control when the Upper Control Limit is above Zero atleast and Lower Control Limit should be Zero. Hence option is C is correct.
Upper Control Limit and Lower Control LimitTo Answer the given question, we need to find the value of UCL and LCL. The Formula for the UCL and LCL are as follows:
UCL = C-bar + z*√(c-bar)LCL = C-bar - z*√(c-bar)Where C- Bar is average of total numbers of defect shirts, hence value = 4.375, and z is sigma value control thus value will be 3.
Solving these equation will give result UCL as 10.65, and LCL as -1.9. Therefore, correct option is C. Yes, the process is in control.
Learn More about Upper Control Limit here:
https://brainly.com/question/26478724
__________________ are ways that a nation can draw up regulations, inspections, and paperwork to make it more costly or difficult to import products.
Answer: Nontariff barriers
Explanation:
Nontariff barriers are trade barriers that are used whereby the import and export of goods and services are restricted. It should be noted that the restriction is not by tariffs but can include include embargoeds, quotas, sanctions, and levies.
The main reason for trade barriers are to generate revenue for the government and also to protect the local industries.
Pineapple Motor Company manufactures two types of speciality electric motors, a commercial motor and a residential motor, through two production Assembly and Testing. Presently, the company uses a single plantwide factory overhead rate for allocating factory overhead to the two products. However, management is considering using the muitiple production department factory overhead rate method. The following factory overhead was budgeted for Pineapple:
Assembly Department 360,000.00
Testing Department 900,000.00
Total 1,260,000.00
Direct machine hours were estimated as follows:
Assembly Department 3,000 hours
Testing Department 6,000
Total 9,000 hours
In addition, the direct machine hours (dmh) used to produce a unit of each product in each department were determined from engineering records, as follows:
Commercial Residential
Assembly Department 14 dmh 1.1 dm
Testin Department 2.8 2.2
Total machine hours per unit 4.2 dmh 3.3 dmh
Required:
a. Determine the per-unit factory overhead allocated to the commercial and residential motors under the single plantwide factory overhead rate method, using direct machine hours as the allocation base.
b. Determine the per-unit factory overhead allocated to the commercial and residential motors under the multiple production department factory overhead rate method, using direct machine hours as the allocation base for each department.
c. Recommend to management a product costing approach, based on your analyses in (a) and (b).
Answer:
a. Single Plant wide Factory Overhead Rate = $ 140 per machine hour
Overhead Rate of Assembly Department $ 120 per machine hour
Overhead Rate of Testing Department= $ 150 per unit per machine hour.
Total Overhead per Unit Commercial $ 588 Residential $ 462
Explanation:
Pineapple Motor Company
Assembly Department Factory Overhead 360,000
Testing Department Factory Overhead 900,000
Total Factory Overhead 1,260,000
Direct machine hours were estimated as follows:
Assembly Department 3,000 hours
Testing Department 6,000
Total 9,000 hours
Commercial Residential
Assembly Department 1.4 dmh 1.1 dmh
Testing Department 2.8 2.2
Total machine hours per unit 4.2 dmh 3.3 dmh
Single Plant wide Factory Overhead Rate = Total Factory Overhead 1,260,000/Total 9,000 hours
a. Single Plant wide Factory Overhead Rate = $ 140 per machine hour
Overhead Allocated to Assembly Department = No of Hours * Rate
= 3000 * $ 140 = $ 420,000
Overhead Allocated to Testing Department = No of Hours * Rate
= 6000 * $ 140 = $ 840,000
b. Overhead Rate of Assembly Department = Factory Overhead / Machine Hours= 360,000/3,000 hours = $ 120 per machine hour
Overhead Rate of Testing Department= Factory Overhead / Machine Hours= 900,000/ 6000 hours= $ 150 per unit per machine hour.
Overhead Allocated
Commercial Residential
Assembly Department 1.4 *120 1.1 dmh *120
168 132
Testing Department 2.8*150 2.2*150
420 330
Total Overhead per Unit $ 588 $ 462
c. ABC approach is better as it gives an estimate of the overhead per unit both for the Commercial and Residential department using the assembly and testing overheads rates separately. The single plant wide rate gives a mere estimate of the overall costs.
Johnson Trucking Company wants to determine a fuel surcharge to add to its customers' bills based on the number of miles driven to each area It wants to separate the fixed and variable portion of the truck's operating costs so it has a better idea of how distance affects these costs. Johnson Trucking Company has the following data available
Month Miles driven Total operating costs
January 16,200 22650
February 17000 23250
March 18400 25450
Apri 16500 22875
May 17400 23550
June 15300 21850
The variable cost per mile using the high-low method is:___________.
A. $1.16
B. $138
C. $1 66
D. $1.43
Answer:
Variable cost per unit= $1.16 per mile
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
January 16,200 $22,650
February 17000 $23,250
March 18400 $25,450
Apri 16500 $22,875
May 17400 $23,550
June 15300 $21,850
To calculate the variable cost per mile under the high-low method, we need to use the following formula:
Variable cost per unit= (Highest activity cost - Lowest activity cost)/ (Highest activity units - Lowest activity units)
Variable cost per unit= (25,450 - 21,850) / (18,400 - 15,300)
Variable cost per unit= $1.16 per mile
A company's product sells at $12 per unit and has a $5 per unit variable cost. The company's total fixed costs are $98,000. The contribution margin per unit is:
Answer:
The contribution margin per unit is $7
Explanation:
The contribution margin per unit can be defined as the difference between the selling price per unit and the variable cost per unit.
Contribution margin per unit = Selling price - Variable cost
Contribution margin per unit = $12 - $5
Contribution margin per unit = $7
The contribution margin per unit is $7
Lynch Company manufactures and sells a single product. The following costs were incurred during the company’s first year of operations:
Variable costs per unit:
Manufacturing:
Direct materials $14
Direct labor $5
Variable manufacturing overhead $1
Variable selling and administrative $1
Fixed costs per year:
Fixed manufacturing overhead $264,000
Fixed selling and administrative $ 174,000
During the year, the company produced 33,000 units and sold 15,000 units. The selling price of the company’s product is $52 per unit.
Required:
1. Assume that the company uses absorption costing:
a. Compute the unit product cost.
b. Prepare an income statement for the year.
2. Assume that the company uses variable costing:
a. Compute the unit product cost.
b. Prepare an income statement for the year.
Answer:
1a. $28
1b. Income statement for the year Absorption Costing
Sales (15,000 units × $52) $780,000
Less Cost of Sales
Opening Stock $0
Add Cost of Goods Manufactured $924,000
Less Closing Inventory ($504,000) $420,000
Gross Profit $360,000
Less Expenses :
Selling and administrative Expenses :
Variable ($1 × 15,000 units) ($15,000)
Fixed ($ 174,000)
Net Income/ (Loss) $171,000
2a. $20
2b. Income statement for the year Variable Costing
Sales (15,000 units × $52) $780,000
Less Cost of Sales
Opening Stock $0
Add Cost of Goods Manufactured $660,000
Less Closing Inventory ($360,000) ($300,000)
Gross Profit $480,000
Less Expenses :
Selling and administrative Expenses :
Fixed manufacturing overhead ($264,000)
Variable ($1 × 15,000 units) ($15,000)
Fixed ($ 174,000)
Net Income/ (Loss) $27,000
Explanation:
Absorption Costing :
Unit product cost = all manufacturing costs (fixed and variable)
= $14 + $5 + $1 + ($264,000 / 33,000)
= $28
Cost of Goods Manufactured = 33,000 units × $28
= $924,000
Closing Inventory = 18,000 units × $28
= $504,000
Variable Costing :
Unit product cost = variable manufacturing costs
= $14 + $5 + $1
= $20
Cost of Goods Manufactured = 33,000 units × $20
= $660,000
Closing Inventory = 18,000 units × $20
= $360,000
The structural unemployment rate is 1.7 percent, the frictional unemployment rate is 2.6 percent, and the economy's current unemployment rate is 3.9 percent. The economy is in:_______.
a. long-run equilibrium.
b. a recessionary gap producing more than Natural Real GDP.
c. a recessionary gap producing less than Natural Real GDP.
d. an inflationary gap producing Natural Real GDP.
e. an inflationary gap producing more than Natural Real GDP.
Answer:
a. long-run equilibrium.
Explanation:
In the circumstances that the structural unemployment rate is 1.7 percent, the frictional unemployment rate is 2.6 percent, and the economy's current unemployment rate is 3.9 percent. Then we can say that the economy is in a long-run equilibrium.
Structural unemployment can be defined as an involuntary unemployment that arises as a result of the incompatibility between a worker's skills set and requisite skills an employer seeks from the workers or due to technological changes.
Frictional unemployment is a form of unemployment which is voluntary because employees which to change jobs or move to another better job.
Hence, the economy is in a long-run equilibrium because the rate of unemployment has become constant, thus, prices and wages will be adjusted in order to reach wages equilibrium level.
On January 1, the Matthews Band pays $67,600 for sound equipment. The band estimates it will use this equipment for four years and perform 200 concerts. It estimates that after four years it can sell the equipment for $1,000. During the first year, the band performs 45 concerts. Compute the first-year depreciation using the units-of-production method.
Answer: $14,985
Explanation:
Using the Units-of-Production method means that the asset is depreciated based on how many times it is used.
The formula is;
= ( Cost - Salvage Value)/Total Usage
= (67,600 - 1,000) / 200
= $333 per concert
Equipment depreciates by $333 per concert.
First year has 45 concerts;
= 333 * 45
= $14,985
You decide to borrow $100,000 at the riskless interest rate, and you then invest all $300,000 ($200,000 of your own cash and the $100,000 borrowed cash) in the market index fund. Calculate the expected return and standard deviation of this investment portfolio
You have $200,000 of cash. The riskless interest rate is 3%. The market index fund has an expected return of 10% and a standard deviation of 20%
You decide to borrow $100,000 at the riskless interest rate, and you then invest all $300,000 ($200,000 of your own cash and the $100,000 borrowed cash) in the market index fund. Calculate the expected return and standard deviation of this investment portfolio
Answer:
The expected return of this portfolio = 13.50%
standard deviation of this portfolio = 30.00%
Explanation:
From the information given:
The percentage of riskless = -100000/200000
The percentage of riskless = -0.50%
Now; the investment in market index = 1.50%
The expected return of this portfolio = 1.50 × 10% + ( - 0.5 ×3 %)
The expected return of this portfolio = 1.50 × 0.1 - 0.5 × 0.03
The expected return of this portfolio = 0.15 - 0.015
The expected return of this portfolio = 0.135
The expected return of this portfolio = 13.50%
standard deviation of this portfolio = the investment in market index × market index standard deviation
standard deviation of this portfolio = 1.50 × 20%
standard deviation of this portfolio = 30.00%
Assume Nortel Networks contracted to provide a customer with Internet infrastructure for $2,000,000. The project began in 2021 and was completed in 2022. Data relating to the contract are summarized below:
2016:
Cost incurred during the year: $300,000
Estimated costs to complete as of 12/31 1,200,000
Billings during the year 380,000
Cash collections during the year 250,000
2017:
Costs incurred during the year $1,575,000
Estimated costs to complete as of 12/31 -0-
Billings during the year $1,620,000
Cash collections during the year $1,750,000
1. Compute the amount of revenue and gross profit or loss to be recognized in 2016 and 2017 assuming Nortel recognizes revenue over time according to percentage of completion.
2. Compute the amount of revenue and gross profit or loss to be recognized in 2016 and 2017 assuming this project does not qualify for revenue recognition over time.
3. Prepare a partial balance sheet to show how the information related to this contract would be presented at the end of 2016 assuming Nortel recognizes revenue over time according to percentage of completion.
4. Prepare a partial balance sheet to show how the information related to this contract would be presented at the end of 2016 assuming this project does not qualify for revenue recognition over time.
Answer:
Nortel Networks
1. Computation of revenue and gross profit or loss in 2016 and 2017, assuming Nortel recognizes revenue over time according to percentage of completion:
a. Revenue to be recognized in 2016 under percentage of completion:
Cost incurred/Cost incurred + Estimated cost to completion x $2,000,000
= $300,000/$1,875,000 x $2,000,000
= $320,000
b. Gross profit:
Revenue = $320,000
Costs incurred = 300,000
Gross profit $20,000
c.. Revenue to be recognized in 2017 under percentage of completion:
Cost incurred/Cost incurred + Estimated cost to completion x $2,000,000
= $1,575,000/$1,875,000 x $2,000,000
= $1,680,000
d. Gross profit:
Revenue = $1,680,000
Costs incurred = 1,575,000
Gross profit $105,000
2. Computation of revenue and gross profit or loss in 2016 and 2017, assuming project does not qualify for revenue recognition over time:
2016 Revenue = Cost plus Profit margin
= $300,000 x 1.1
= $330,000
2017 Revenue = Total Revenue minus 2016 Revenue
= $2,000,000 - $330,000
= $1,670,000
3. Nortel Networks' Partial Balance Sheet for year ended December 31, 2016, under recognizing revenue over time according to percentage of completion:
Current Assets:
Accounts Receivable $130,000
Cash $250,000
Current Liabilities:
Deferred Revenue $60,000
4. Nortel Networks' Partial Balance Sheet for year ended December 31, 2016, under revenue not qualifying for recognition over time:
Current Assets:
Accounts Receivable $130,000
Cash $250,000
Current Liabilities:
Deferred Revenue $50,000
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Contract sum = $2,000,000
2016:
Cost incurred during the year: $300,000
Estimated costs to complete as of 12/31 1,200,000
Billings during the year 380,000
Cash collections during the year 250,000
2016 Accounts Receivable:
Billings during the year = $380,000
Cash collections during the year = (250,000)
Balance b/d $130,000
2016 Deferred Revenue:
Revenue during the year = $320,000
Billings under the year = 380,000
Deferred Revenue $60,000
2017:
Costs incurred during the year $1,575,000
Estimated costs to complete as of 12/31 -0-
Billings during the year $1,620,000
Cash collections during the year $1,750,000
2017 Accounts Receivable:
Balance b/d $130,000
Billings during the year 1,620,000
Cash collections during the year (1,750,000)
Balance b/d $0
Point in Time Revenue Recognition:
Revenue = Costs incurred + estimated profit margin
Estimated Profit margin = Profit margin = $2,000,000 - ($300,000 + $1,500,000)
= $200,000
Profit margin ratio = $200,000/$2,000,000 x 1`00 = 10%
2016 Accounts Receivable:
Billings during the year = $380,000
Cash collections during the year = (250,000)
Balance b/d $130,000
2016 Deferred Revenue:
Recognized revenue during the year = $330,000
Billings under the year = 380,000
Deferred Revenue $50,000
2017 Accounts Receivable:
Balance b/d $130,000
Billings during the year 1,620,000
Cash collections during the year (1,750,000)
Balance b/d $0