Answer:
A. 1. Salaries Payable = $0
2. Salaries Payable should equal $15,500
3. Debit Salaries Expense $15,500
Credit Salaries Payable $15,500
To accrue unpaid salaries expense for the year.
B. 1. Interest Payable = $0
2. Interest Payable should equal $250
3. Debit Interest Expense $250
Credit Interest Payable $250
To accrue unpaid interest expense for the year.
C. 1. Interest Payable = $0
2. Interest Payable should equal $875
3. Debit Interest Expense $875
Credit Interest Payable $875
To accrue unpaid mortgage interest expense for the year.
Explanation:
Adjusting journal entries are used to recognize transactions and events that do not have any cash basis because they are required under the accrual basis of accounting. The accrual basis requires that transactions are recorded in the period they occur without reference to cash payment or receipt.
What are the characteristics of a successful entreprenuer
Answer:
Planning
Empathy. ...
A sense of fairness. ...
Transferable values. ...
Willingness to work hard. ...
Knowing what they don't know. ...
Listening carefully. ...
Vision for what they can build.
Explanation:
Answer:
Explanation:
Empathy
A sense of fairness
willingness to work hard
listening carefully
they invest in themselves
they make big decisions carefully
constantly learning
not afraid of risks
Hoped this helped!
The Cavy Company estimates that the factory overhead for the following year will be $644,000. The company has decided that the basis for applying factory overhead should be machine hours, which is estimated to be 16,100 hours. The machine hours for the month of April for all of the jobs were 1,620. If the actual factory overhead for April totaled $65,837,
a. determine the over- or underapplied amount for the month.
b. determine the total factory overhead amount applied.
c. prepare the journal entry to close factory overhead into Cost of Goods Sold.
Answer:
A. $1,037 underapplied
B. Total factory overhead 64,800
C.Dr Factory overhead $1,037
Cr Cost of Goods Sold $1,037
Explanation:
a. Calculation to determine the over- or underapplied amount for the month.
First step to find the Predetermined Overhead rate using this formula
Predetermined Overhead rate = Predetermined Overhead / Machine Hours
Predetermined Overhead rate=$644,000/16,100
Predetermined Overhead rate= $ 40 per hour
Second step is to find the Overhead Applied using this formula
Overhead Applied = Predetermined Overhead rate * machine hours for April
Overhead Applied=1,620 hours ×$ 40 per hour
Overhead Applied=64,800
Last step is to calculate for Over- or underapplied amount
Over- or underapplied amount =$65,837-64,800
Over- or underapplied amount=$1,037 underapplied
b. Calculation to determine the total factory overhead amount applied.
First step to find the Predetermined Overhead rate using this formula
Predetermined Overhead rate = Predetermined Overhead / Machine Hours
Predetermined Overhead rate=$644,000/16,100
Predetermined Overhead rate= $ 40 per hour
Now let calculate for the total factory overhead
Total factory overhead=1,620 hours ×$ 40 per hour
Total factory overhead=64,800
c. preparation of the journal entry to close factory overhead into Cost of Goods Sold.
Dr Factory overhead $1,037
Cr Cost of Goods Sold $1,037
The transactions of Spade Company appear below.
a. Kacy Spade, owner, invested $14,250 cash in the company in exchange for common stock.
b. The company purchased office supplies for $413 cash.
c. The company purchased $7,880 of office equipment on credit.
d. The company received $1,681 cash as fees for services provided to a customer.
e. The company paid $7,880 cash to settle the payable for the office equipment purchased in transaction c.
f. The company billed a customer $3,021 as fees for services provided.
g. The company paid $520 cash for the monthly rent.
h. The company collected $1,269 cash as partial payment for the account receivable created in transaction f.
i. The company paid a $1,000 cash dividend to the owner (sole shareholde).
Required:
Prepare the Trial Balance. Use May 31 as its report date.
Answer:
Explanation:
The given transactions are recorded in both debit and credit sides.
CHECK THE ATTACHMENT
A sports nutrition company created an energy drink which they think improves athletic performance. In one study, weightlifters were randomly assigned to drink either this new sports drink or flavored water (with a similar taste). The study found that those drank the sports drink were able to lift more weight than before, while those who drank the flavored water were only able to lift the same weight as before.
Is it valid for the company to claim that the cause of the first group lifting more weight than before is due to them drinking the new sports drink?
A. No, because this is an observational study which does not address causation.
B. No, because this is neither an experimental nor observational study.
C. No, because the stronger athletes were likely to drink the new sports drink whereas the weaker athletes were likely to drink flavored water.
D. Yes, because this is an experimental study.
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
Based on the study being described it is not a valid claim because the stronger athletes were likely to drink the new sports drink whereas the weaker athletes were likely to drink flavored water. The companies need to sample athletes that are able to consistently lift a maximum of the same amount of weight. Once they have these participants they can then start the experiment. That way they know that the athletes are all on par with each other and if one is able to lift more than the other because they drank the energy drink they can isolate the drink as a cause.
Answer:3.C
Explanation:
Lexington Garden Supply pays $ 280,000 for a group purchase of land, building, and equipment. At the time of acquisition, the land has a current market value of $ 93,000 , the building's current market value is $ 186,000 , and the equipment's current market value is $ 31,000. Prepare a schedule allocating the purchase price of $ 280,000 to each of the individual assets purchased based on their relative market values, then journalize the lump-sum purchase of the three assets. The business signs a note payable for the purchase price.
Required:
Prepare a schedule allocating the purchase price of $ 280,000 to each of the individual assets purchased based on their relative market values, then journalize the lump-sum purchase of the three assets.
Answer:
total purchase cost $280,000
land with FMV of $93,000
building with FMV of $186,000
equipment with FMV of $31,000
total FMV = $310,000
we will allocate purchase cost using the weighted average method:
land = ($280,000 / $310,000) x $93,000 = $84,000
building = ($280,000 / $310,000) x $186,000 = $168,000
equipment = ($280,000 / $310,000) x $31,000 = $28,000
total = $280,000
Dr Equipment 28,000
Dr Building 168,000
Dr Land 84,000
Cr Cash 280,000
Adirondak Marketing Inc. manufactures two products, A and B. Presently, the company uses a single plantwide factory overhead rate for allocating overhead to products. However, management is considering moving to a multiple department rate system for allocating overhead.
Overhead Total Direct Labor Hours DLH per Product
A B
Painting Dept. $250,000 10,000 16 4
Finishing Dept. 75,000 12,000 4 16
Totals $325,000 22,000 20 20
Required:
Calculate the plantwide factory overhead rate for Adirondack Marketing Inc.
a. $6.25 per dlh
b. $14.77 per dlh
c. $0.07 per dlh
d. $25.00 per dlh
Answer:
Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= $14.77 per direct labor hour
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Estimated overhead cost for the period= $325,000
Estimated total direct labor hours for the period= 22,000
To calculate the predetermined manufacturing overhead rate we need to use the following formula:
Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= total estimated overhead costs for the period/ total amount of allocation base
Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= 325,000 / 22,000
Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= $14.77 per direct labor hour
Brine, a concentrated aqueous salt solution, is frequently applied to the roads to pre-treat when snow is forecasted. It is known to be more effective when compared with solid ice melting products. Based on your understanding of the concept of freezing point depression, select all the reasons that explain why it is better to use the anti-icing agent brine than using solid ice melting products. It will be helpful to think about storage and dispersion when taking costs into account for the brine and solid ice melting products.
a. Applying brine on roadways accelerates the melting process because salt needs to be moist to be effective.
b. Solids may lead to land pollution while brine does not.
c. Snow storms sometimes start as rain which may wash away the solid ice melting products.
d. The salt in brine sticks to the roadway after the water part evaporates preventing the salt from being blown off by vehicles driving on the road.
e. The cost per ton is higher for solid ice melting products than it is for brine
Answer:
Applying brine on roadways accelerates the melting process because salt needs to be moist to be effective.
The cost per ton is higher for solid ice melting products than it is for brine
The salt in brine sticks to the roadway after the water part evaporates preventing the salt from being blown off by vehicles driving on the road.
Snow storms sometimes start as rain which may wash away the solid ice melting products
Explanation:
Brine is a concentrated salt solution used to remove ice from roads during winter. It functions by lowering the melting point of ice. Since brine is a solution, it works faster and accelerates the melting process because brine needs to be moist to be effective.
Similarly, it does not easily wash off roads as solid melting products does. It tends to stick better on roads even after the water evaporates.
Brine is a concentrated salt solution that is used to melt ice on roads in the winter. It works by reducing the ice's melting point. Because brine must be damp to be effective. it works faster and accelerates the melting process because it is a solution.
So, Option A is correct as it is the correct reason to use brine.
The other options are incorrect as:
Option B is incorrect as solid does not lead to land pollution and brine accelerates the melting process.Option C is incorrect as snowstorms do not wash away the solid ice melting products.Option D is incorrect as salts do not stick to the roadways it just needs to be moist and effective.Option E is incorrect as the cost is not higher.Thus Option A is the correct reason to use brine.
For more information about anti-icing agent brine refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/10380197
Asonia Co. will pay a dividend of $4.50, $8.60, $11.45, and $13.20 per share for each of the next four years, respectively. The company will then close its doors. If investors require a return of 10.5 percent on the company's stock, what is the stock price?
Answer:
$28.50
Explanation:
Stock price = Future dividends*Present value of discounting factor(10.5%,time period)
Stock price = $4.50/1.105 + $8.60/1.105^2 + $11.45/1.105^3 + $13.20/1.105^4
Stock price = $4.50/1.105 + $8.60 / 1.2210 + $11.45/1.3492 + $13.20/1.4909
Stock price = $4.0724 + $7.0434 + $8.4865 + $8.8537
Stock price = $28.456
Stock price = $28.50
U.S. currency is produced by the _____.
Answer:
Bereau of engraving and printing
Explanation:
A list of concepts are provided below. Select the appropriate description for the concept.
1. Cash-basis accounting. select the appropriate description for the concept
2. Fiscal year. select the appropriate description for the concept
3. Revenue recognition principle. select the appropriate description for the concept
4. Expense recognition principle. select the appropriate description for the concept
Answer:
1. Cash-basis accounting - Companies record revenues when they receive cash and record expenses when they pay out cash.
Unlike in Accrual basis accounting, here revenue is recognized when the money is paid regardless of if the payment for services comes after a year. The same goes for expenses. Tax authorities use the Cash basis.
2. Fiscal year - An Accounting time period that is one year in length.
This is the Accounting period for a firm. It runs for 12 months and depends on when they started business or when they want to report financials.
3. Revenue recognition principle - Recognize revenue in the accounting period in which a performance obligation is satisfied
This falls under the Accrual basis of accounting. It is recommended by GAAP. Revenue should be recognized only when the service has been accomplished regardless of when actual payment is made.
4. Expense recognition principle - Efforts (expenses) should be matched with accomplishments (revenues).
Follows the same premise as the Revenue recognition principle. Recognize expenses when incurred and should be matched to revenues.
There is a large steel factory next to a private lake owned by a single individual. Pollution from the factory contaminates the lake, reducing the stock of fish and other aquatic animals. The pollution runoff affects only the owner's private lake. The marginal benefit to the steel factory of pollution is M B = 400 − 2 Q MB = 400 - 2Q MB=400−2Q, where Q Q Q is the amount of water pollution in tons. The marginal cost to the lake owner is M C = 3 Q MC = 3Q MC=3Q. Assume that the amount of pollution damage is measurable, benefit and cost curves are known with certainty, and that there are no transaction costs for negotiation. With this information, answer the following questions:______
A. What is the efficient quantity of pollution? Illustrate on a graph.
B. Recall the Coase Theorem, which indicates that the assignment of property rights to one party or the other is irrelevant when determining the efficient allocation of resources. First assume that owner of the lake has the property rights. Calculate the net gains or loses for both the owner and the factory. What is the total net social welfare?
C. Now assume that the steel factory has the pollution rights. Calculate the net gains or loses for both the owner and the factory. What is the total net social welfare?How does this result compare to answer?
Answer:
1. 80
Explanation:
MB = 400-2Q
Mc = 3Q
MB = Mc
= 400-2Q = 3Q
400=5Q
Q= 400/5
Q=8
Check attachment for diagram
3. The lake owner would be paying for the reduction in pollution. Mc = 0. He will be unwilling to make any offer that exceed this amount. The steel company would be unwilling to take anything below $400 since that is what he gets if nothing is produced. The lake owner would suffer a loss since the steel plant would continue production of 80 tons of pollution
Marilyn County operates on a calendar-year basis. It uses a Capital Projects Fund to account for major capital projects and a Debt Service Fund to accumulate resources to pay principal and interest on general obligation debt. It does not use encumbrance accounting in the Capital Projects Fund. The following transactions occur:
1. On January 1, 2019, Marilyn County issues general obligation bonds in the amount of $1,000,000 to build a community center. The debt will be paid off in 20 equal semiannual installments of $50,000 over a 10-year period commencing October 1, 2019, with interest of 4 percent per annum paid on the outstanding debt.
2. The county realizes that the community center will cost more than it originally anticipated. On May 1, the county transfers $20,000 from its General Fund to its Capital Projects Fund to help meet project costs.
3. Construction is completed on July 1, 2019, and the community center is ready for occupancy. The county pays the contractor a total of $1,020,000 on July 1. The county anticipates that the community center will have a useful life of 20 years.
4. On September 30, 2019, the General Fund transfers an amount to the Debt Service Fund that is sufficient to pay the first debt service installment, which is due October 1.
5. The county pays the debt service due on October 1.
Required:
Prepare the journal entries to record these transactions in the Capital Projects Funds, the General Funds and the Debit Service Fund.
Answer:
The Capital Fund Entries include;Jan 1, 2019
DR Cash $1,000,000
CR Other Financing Source - long term debt $1,000,000
May 1
DR Cash $20,000
CR Transfer in from General Fund $20,000
July 1
DR Expenditures - Capital Outlay $1,020,000
CR Construction contracts payable $1,020,000
DR Construction contracts payable $1,020,000
CR Cash $1,020,000
The General Fund Entries are;May 1,
DR Transfer to Capital Projects Fund $20,000
CR Cash $20,000
September 30
DR Transfer to Debt Service Fund $80,000
CR Cash $80,000
Entries to the Debt Service FundSeptember 30
DR Cash $80,000
CR Transfer in from General Fund $80,000
October 1,
DR Expenditure - Bond Principal $50,000
Expenditure - Interest $30,000
CR Matured Bond Principal Payable $50,000
Matured Bond Interest Payable $30,000
October 1
DR Matured Bond Principal Payable $50,000
Matured Bond Interest Payable $30,000
CR Cash $80,000
Interest on debt = 4% * 1,000,000 = $40,000 semi annual
= 40,000 * 2 = $80,000
Principal = $50,000 so Interest = $30,000
Harbert, Inc. had a beginning balance of $12,000 in its Accounts Receivable account. The ending balance of Accounts Receivable was $10,500. During the period, Harbert collects $72,000 of its accounts receivable. Harbert incurred $63,000 of cash expenses during the accounting period.
Required
a. Based on the information provided, determine the amount of revenue recognized during the accounting period.
b. Based on the information provided, determine the amount of net income earned during the accounting period.
c. Based on the information provided, determine the amount of cash flow from operating activities.
Answer:
a. $70,500
b. $7,500
c. $9,000
Explanation:
a. The computation of the amount of revenue is shown below:-
Amount of revenue = Ending balance of accounts receivable + Cash collected - Beginning balance of accounts receivable
= $10,500 + $72,000 - $12,000
= $70,500
b. The computation of net income earned during the accounting period is shown below:-
Net income = Revenue generated - Expenses
= $70,500 - $63,000
= $7,500
c. The computation of amount of cash flow from operating activities is shown below:-
Net cash flow from operating activities = Cash collection - Amount paid for operating expenses
= $72,000 - $63,000
= $9,000
On January 1, 2021, Madison Products issued $40 million of 6%, 10-year convertible bonds at a net price of $40.8 million. Madison recently issued similar, but nonconvertible, bonds at 99 (that is, 99% of face amount). The bonds pay interest on June 30 and December 31. Each $1,000 bond is convertible into 30 shares of Madison’s no par common stock. Madison records interest by the straight-line method. On June 1, 2023, Madison notified bondholders of its intent to call the bonds at face value plus a 1% call premium on July 1, 2023. By June 30, all bondholders had chosen to convert their bonds into shares as of the interest payment date. On June 30, Madison paid the semiannual interest and issued the requisite number of shares for the bonds being converted.
Required:
1. & 2. Prepare the journal entries for the issuance of the bonds by Madison and interest payment for June 30, 2021.
3. Prepare the journal entries for the June 30, 2023, interest payment by Madison and the conversion of the bonds (book value method).
Answer:
1. Date General Journal Debit Credit
Jan 1 Cash $40,800,000
Convertible bond payable $40,000,000
Premium on bond payable $800,000
Jun 30 2021 Interest expenses $1,160,000
Premium on bond payable $40,000
(800,000/10 * 1/2)
Cash $1,200,000
(40,000,000 * 6% * 1/2)
2. Date General Journal Debit Credit
June 30 Interest Expenses $1,160,000
2023 Premium on bond payable $40,000
Cash $1,200,000
($40,000,000 *6%*1/2)
June 30 Convertible bonds payable $40,000,000
2023 Premium on bond payable $600,000
($800,000 - ($40,000*5)
Common stock $40,600,000
Which of the following is a piece of good advice regarding business emails? a. Do not place anything in an email you would not want the world to see. b. Use capital letters in order to convey importance. c. Do not sign off your emails with a closing like "Thank you"; it just wastes space. Simply send your contact information. d. Make your request at the end of an email.
Answer:
A. Do not place anything in an e-mail you would not want the world to see.
Explanation:
An e-mail is the short term for electronic mail and it can be defined as a means of communication by providing a medium of sending data (informations) from one user to another over a network. Simply stated, an email allow users with an email address to send messages to another over the internet.
A piece of good advice regarding business emails would be, do not place anything in an e-mail you would not want the world to see because the messages contained in emails are presented bare not encrypted. Therefore, any private message (information) that a user do not want to get into the wrong hands shouldn't be sent in an email.
Two consumers are searching for new hair salons and have very different belief systems and needs that affect the way they search for information. The second step in the consumer decision process, after a consumer recognizes a need, is to search for information about various options that exist to satisfy that need. The length and intensity of the search are based on the degree of perceived risk associated with purchasing the product or service.
Read each statement and match it with the followings.
a. Effortless,
b. Worth the Money,
c. Expensive Service,
d. Salon of Choice
e. Unimportant
f. Tight Budget
g. Could Damage Career
h. All the Same
i. Salon of Convenience
j. Personal Image
Joleen Jones Ginger Petri
1. Performance Risk
2. Financial Risk
3. Psychological Risk
4. Internat vs External
5. Benefits vs Costs
Answer:
Joleen Jones Ginger Petri
1. Performance Risk (Working efficiency)
Could Damage Career
All the same (both will consider the same )
2. Financial Risk (Money concern)
Expensive Service
Tight budget
3. Psychological Risk (Link with perception)
Personal Image
Unimportant
4. Internal vs External Search for Information
Salon of Choice (Easy in selection)
Salon of Convenience
5. Benefits vs Costs (Profit or loss regarding satisfaction)
Worth the Money
Effortless
The following December 31, 2021, fiscal year-end account balance information is available for the Stone Corporation:Cash and cash equivalents $ 6,200Accounts receivable (net) 32,000Inventory 72,000Property, plant, and equipment (net) 180,000Accounts payable 51,000Salaries payable 23,000Paid-in capital 160,000The only asset not listed is short-term investments. The only liabilities not listed are $42,000 notes payable due in two years and related accrued interest of $1,000 due in four months. The current ratio at year-end is 1.5:1.Required:Determine the following at December 31, 2021:1. Total current assets2. Short-term investments3. Retained earnings
Answer:
1.
Total current assets = $112500
2.
Short term investments = $2300
3.
Retained earnings = $15500
Explanation:
1.
The total current assets can be determined using the current ratio provided for 2021. The current ratio is calculated by dividing the value of total current assets by the value of the total current liabilities.
1.5 = Total current assets / (51000 + 23000 + 1000)
1.5 = Total current assets / 75000
1.5 * 75000 = Total current assets
Total current assets = $112500
2.
Short term investments are a part of the current assets. The value of short term investments is,
112500 = 6200 + 32000 + 72000 + Short term investments
112500 = 110200 + Short term investments
112500 - 110200 = Short term investments
Short term investments = $2300
3.
The basic accounting equation states that the total assets is always equal to the value of total liabilities plus total equity.
Total assets = Total Liabilities + Total Equity
(112500 + 180000) = [(51000 + 23000 + 1000) + 42000] + (160000 + Retained earnings)
292500 = 117000 + 160000 + Retained earnings
Retained earnings = 292500 - 277000
Retained earnings = $15500
The manager of a supermarket meat department finds she has 200 lb of round steak, 800 lb of chuck steak, and 150 lb of pork in stock on Saturday morning. She will use these to make three products: hamburger meat, picnic patties, and meatloaf. The demand for each of these items always exceeds the supermarket supply. Therefore, she will be able to sell off all of however much of her current meat ingredients as she wants to. Hamburger meat must consist of at least 20 percent round steak and at least 50 percent chuck steak by weight. Picnic patties must consist of at least 20 percent pork and at least 50 percent chuck steak by weight. Meatloaf must consist of at least 10 percent round steak, 30 percent pork, and 40 percent chuck. In each product, the remainder is an inexpensive filler, and the supermarket has an unlimited supply of it. The manager wants to know how much of each product she should produce so that the total amount of leftover meat ingredients that need to be carried over can be minimized. Solve this problem using Linear Programming.
a. Production quantity of hamburger meat: ______________
b. Production quantity of picnic patties: _______________
c. Production quantity of meatloaf: ___________________
d. The total quantity of leftover meat: _________________
Answer:
a. Production quantity of hamburger meat: 850 lbs
b. Production quantity of picnic patties: 750 lbs
c. Production quantity of meatloaf: 0 lbs
d. The total quantity of leftover meat: 30 lbs of sound steak
You must also remember that a pound of hamburger meat and picnic patties both have 30% of a filler. So 1,120 pounds of meat can really produce 1,120 / 0.7 = 1,600 pounds of processed meat products.
Explanation:
200 lb of round steak
800 lb of chuck steak
150 lb of pork
hamburger meat:
20% of round steak
50% of chuck steak
picnic patties:
20% of pork
50% of chuck steak
meatloaf:
10% of round steak
30% of pork
40% of chuck steak
x₁ = round steak
x₂ = chuck steak
x₃ = pork
hamburger = 0.2x₁ + 0.5x₂
patties = 0.5x₂ + 0.2x₃
meatloaf = 0.1x₁ + 0.4x₂ + 0.3x₃
you have to maximize the total amount of meat used
M = 0.3x₁ + 1.5x₂ + 0.8x₃
x₁ ≤ 200
x₂ ≤ 800
x₃ ≤ 150
x₁ ≥ 0
x₂ ≥ 0
x₃ ≥ 0
using solver, the solution is:
850 pounds of hamburger meat and 750 pounds of picnic patties
170 pounds of round steak will be used800 pounds of chuck steak 150 pounds of porkYou must also remember that a pound of hamburger meat and picnic patties both have 30% of a filler. So 1,120 pounds of meat can really produce 1,120 / 0.7 = 1,600 pounds of processed meat products.
A justification for job training programs is that they improve worker productivity. Suppose that you are asked to evaluate whether more job training makes workers more productive. However, rather than having data on individual workers, you have access to data on manufacturing firms in Ohio. In particular, for each firm, you have information on hours of job training per worker (training) and number of nondefective items produced per worker hour (output).
Required:
a. Carefully state the ceteris paribus experiment underlying this policy question.
b. Does it seem likely that a firm's decision to train its workers will be independent of worker characteristics?
c. Name a factor other than worker characteristics that can affect worker productivity.
d. If you find a positive correlation between output and training, would you have convincingly established that job training makes workers more productive?
Explanation:
1. The ceterus paribus effect gives us to what extent, the effect of a variable has on another variable, while holding all other factors fixed. Analysing job training of workers on productivity will give us results that are not biased since we will not be taking account of other factor variables in the calculations. When 2 firms are the same in almost every aspect apart from number of hours on training, then we will find out that each firm would have different levels of workers output. So we should know if workers output increases due to job training.
2. When it comes to provision of training, furms do these based on characteristics of the workers. Some of these characteristics are measurable while some are immeasurable
Measurable:
Experience on the job,
Productivity
Level of education,
immeasurable :
Skill set
Vision
Likeliness to bstay at firm
3. Apart from worker characteristics, productivity also depends on other factors one of which is technological change. A technological change can bring about increased efficiency and greater output by the worker. Different firms using different capital and technological combination are quite likely to have different output levels.
4. A positive correlation between job training and productivity cannot be used to ascertain if job training makes worker more efficient this is due to the fact that correlation only tells us if variables are in coexistence. So a positive correlation does not tell us that job training is indeed bringing about changes in the productivity of workers.
Four fundamental factors affect the cost of money: (1) the return that borrowers expect to earn on their investments, (2) the preference of savers to spend their income in the current period rather than delay their consumption until some future period, (3) the risks associated with the investment, and (4) expected inflation.
Consider the following statements that address these factors, and indicate which you think are true.
Statement 1: On average and everything else held constant, it is generally assumed that savers and investors prefer immediate consumption to deferred, or postponed, spending.
Statement 2: Investments providing cash flows that are more likely to equal their expected value are said to exhibit more risk.
Statement 3: The onset of 5% inflation means that your receipt of a $100 interest payment allows you to purchase only $95 worth of goods and services.
Statement 4: The inflation premium used to calculate the nominal interest rate on a five-year security should be equal to the rate of inflation expected in year 5 of the investment.
The true statements are:
a. 1 and 4
b. 2 and 4
c. 1 and 3
d. 2 and 3
Answer: c. 1 and 3
Explanation:
1. Even though Investors and Savers forego their immediate consumption for future consumption, it is generally assumed that both groups actually prefer immediate consumption to deferred consumption.
This is why they are offered a rate of return that compensates them enough to convince them to take deferred consumption over current consumption.
3. When inflation rises, it erodes the value of money such that people are able to buy less goods using the same amount of money as they were able to before.
If you therefore receive a payment of $100 and inflation is 5%, then 5% of the value of that $100 has been eroded which is $5. This means you're only able to buy $95 worth of goods and services.
Cordell Inc. experienced the following events in Year 1, its first year of operation: Received $59,000 cash from the issue of common stock. Performed services on account for $81,000. Paid a $5,900 cash dividend to the stockholders. Collected $65,000 of the accounts receivable. Paid $59,000 cash for other operating expenses. Performed services for $19,000 cash. Recognized $2,900 of accrued utilities expense at the end of the year.
Required
a. & c. Identify the events that result in revenue or expense recognition and those which affect the statement of cash flows. In the Statement of Cash Flows column, use OA to designate operating activity, FA for financing activity, IA for investing activity and NA to indicate the element is not affected by the event.
b. Based on your response to Requirement a, determine the amount of net income reported on the 2018 income statement.
d. Based on your response to Requirement c, determine the amount of cash flow from operating activities reported on the 2018 statement of cash flows.
e. What is the before- and after-closing balance in the service revenue account?
f. What is the balance of the retained earnings account that appears on the 2018 balance sheet?
Answer:
a & c. See part a & c of the attached excel file for the table. In the attached excel file, Total revenue = $100,000; and Total expenses = $61,900.
b. The amount of net income reported on the 2018 income statement is $38,100.
d. The amount of cash flow from operating activities reported on the 2018 statement of cash flows is $25,000.
e. Before closing balance in service revenue account = $100,000; and After closing balance = $0.
f. The balance of the retained earnings account that appears on the 2018 balance sheet is $32,200.
Explanation:
a. & c. Identify the events that result in revenue or expense recognition and those which affect the statement of cash flows. In the Statement of Cash Flows column, use OA to designate operating activity, FA for financing activity, IA for investing activity and NA to indicate the element is not affected by the event.
Note: See part a & c of the attached excel file for the table.
From the attached excel file, we have:
Total revenue = $100,000
Total expenses = $61,900
b. Based on your response to Requirement a, determine the amount of net income reported on the 2018 income statement.
Based on part a & c above, we can determine this as follows:
Net income = Total revenue - Total expenses = $100,000 - $61,900 = $38,100
Therefore, the amount of net income reported on the 2018 income statement is $38,100.
d. Based on your response to Requirement c, determine the amount of cash flow from operating activities reported on the 2018 statement of cash flows.
Note: See part d of the attached excel file for the amount of cash flow from operating activities.
From the attached excel file, we have:
Cash flow from operating activity = $25,000
Therefore, the amount of cash flow from operating activities reported on the 2018 statement of cash flows is $25,000.
e. What is the before- and after-closing balance in the service revenue account?
Before closing balance in service revenue account = Services performed on account + Services performed for cash = $81,000 + $19,000 = $100,000
After closing balance = $0
The "after closing balance" is equal to zero because, at the end of a particular period, the balance of the service revenue account turns to $0 when the firm has to close the balance of the service revenue account in the retained earnings.
f. What is the balance of the retained earnings account that appears on the 2018 balance sheet?
Retained earnings = Net income - Cash dividend paid to the stockholders = $38,100 - $5,900 = $32,200
Therefore, the balance of the retained earnings account that appears on the 2018 balance sheet is $32,200.
Rafael Company produces pipes for concert-quality organs. Each job is unique. In April 2013, it completed all outstanding orders, and then, in May 2013, it worked on only two jobs, M1 and M2:Job M1: Direct materials $78,000, Direct manufacturing labor $273,000Job M2: Direct materials $51,000, Direct manufacturing labor $208,000Direct manufacturing labor is paid at the rate of $26 per hour. Manufacturing overhead costs are allocated at a budgeted rate of $20 per direct manufacturing labor-hour. Only Job M1 was completed in May.Requirements:A) Calculate the total cost for Job M1.B) 1,100 pipes were produced for Job M1. Calculate the cost per pipe.C) Prepare the journal entry transferring Job M1 to finished goods.D) What is the ending balance in the Work-in-Process Control account?
Answer and Explanation:
The computation is shown below:-
A. the total cost for Job M1
Labor hour used in Job M1 = Direct manufacturing labor ÷ Direct manufacturing labor per hour
= $273,000 ÷ $26
= 10,500
Manufacturing overhead costs of Job M1 = Labor hour used in Job M1 × Predetermined overhead rate
= 10,500 × $20
= $210,000
Total cost for Job M1 = Direct materials + Direct manufacturing labor + Manufacturing overhead costs
= $78,000 + $273,000 + $210,000
= $561,000
B. the cost per pipe
Cost per pipe = Total cost for Job M1 ÷ No of unit produced
= $561,000 ÷ 1,100
= $510
C. The Journal entry is shown below:-
Finished Goods Dr, $561,000
To Work in Process $561,000
(Being the transfer is recorded)
D. Ending balance in the Work-in-Process Control account
Labor hour used in Job M2 = Direct manufacturing labor ÷ Direct manufacturing labor per hour
= $208,000 ÷ $26
= 8,000
Manufacturing overhead costs of Job M2 = Labor hour used in Job M2 × Predetermined overhead rate
= 8,000 × $20
= $160,000
Ending balance in the Work-in-Process Control account = Direct materials of Job M2 + Direct manufacturing labor of Job M2 + Manufacturing overhead costs of Job M2
= $51,000 + $208,000 + $160,000
= $419,000
Suppose that nominal GDP was $9000000.00 in 2005 in Midland County Texas. In 2015, nominal GDP was $11500000.00 in Midland County Texas. The price level rose 3.00% between 2005 and 2015, and population growth was 3.50%. Calculate the following figures for Midland County Texas between 2005 and 2015. Give all answers to two decimals.
Answer:
Calculate the following figures for Midland County Texas between 2005 and 2015. a. Nominal GDP growth, b. Economic growth, c. Inflation, d. Real GDP growth, e. Per capita GDP growth, f. Real per capita GDP growth.
Nominal GDP(current year) = $11,750,000
Nominal GDP(base year) = $9,000,000
Inflation = 3%
Population growth = 3.50%
a. Nominal GDP growth: = [(Nominal GDP(current year) - Nominal GDP(base year)) / Nominal GDP(base year) ]* 100
= (11,500,000.00 - 9,000,000) / 9000000 * 100
= [2,500,000 / 900,000,000} * 100
= 0.2778
= 27.78%
b. Economic growth = [(GDP(current year) / GDP(base year)) – 1] * 100
= [11,500,000.00 / 9,000,000 - 1] * 100
= 1.27777 - 1 * 100
= 0.27777 * 100
= 27.78%
c. Inflation is when there is increase in the general price level of the goods and service. The price level rise by 3%, hence. the inflation become 3%.
d. Real GDP growth = Nominal GDP growth - Inflation
= 27.78% - 3%
= 24.78%
e. Per capita GDP growth = Nominal GDP growth - Population growth
= 27.78% - 3.50%
= 24.28 %
f. Real per capita GDP growth: = Real GDP growth - Population growth
= 24.78% - 3.50%
= 21.28%
19. An investment costs $290,000 and will generate the following cash flows: Year 1 - +$132,000; Year 2 - +$100,000; Year 3 - +$150,000. The required rate of return is 15%. What is the IRR?
Answer:
14.80%
Explanation:
Calculation of the IRR using a financial calculator is as follows :
($290,000) CFj
+$132,000 Cfj
+$100,000 Cfj
+$150,000 Cfj
Shift IRR/YR 14.80%
Therefore, the IRR is 14.80%.
Each of the following costs pertains to Bailey Dairy Products Company, a dairy processing company. Classify each of the company's costs as a period cost or a product cost. Further classify product costs as either direct material (DM), direct labor (DL), or manufacturing overhead (MOH). (If the cost is a period cost, leave the classification input field empty; do not select a label.) LOADING...(Click the icon to view the costs.) Cost Period Cost or Product Cost DM, DL or MOH
1. Television advertisements for Bailey’s products Period cost MOH
2. Lubricants used in running bottling machines Product cost MOH
3. Research and development related to elimination of antibiotic residues in milk Period cost MOH
4. Gasoline used to operate refrigerated trucks delivering finished dairy products to grocery stores Period cost MOH
5. Company president’s annual bonus Period cost MOH
Answer:
1. Television advertisements for Bailey’s products
PERIOD COST2. Lubricants used in running bottling machines
PRODUCT COST: manufacturing overhead3. Research and development related to elimination of antibiotic residues in milk
PERIOD COST4. Gasoline used to operate refrigerated trucks delivering finished dairy products to grocery stores
PERIOD COST5. Company president’s annual bonus
PERIOD COSTExplanation:
Product costs are all costs that are directly related to the manufacturing process of milk or other dairy products, e.g. workers wages, milk (raw materials).
Period costs are not directly related to the company's manufacturing process and they include sales and administrative costs (S&A), research and development (R&D), delivery costs.
The freight costs incurred for purchasing materials are part of product costs, but the delivery costs are sales expenses (period costs).
Santana Rey, owner of Business Solutions, decides to diversify her business by also manufacturing computer workstation furniture.
Required
1. Classify the following manufacturing costs of Business Solutions as (a) variable or fixed and (b) direct or indirect.
2. Prepare a schedule of cost of goods manufactured for Business Solutions for the month ended January 31, 2018.
Direct materials: $2,900
Factory overhead: $530
Direct labor: $900
Beginning work in process: none (December 31, 2017)
Ending work in process: $520 (January 31, 2018)
Beginning finished goods inventory: none (December 31, 2017)
Ending finished goods inventory: $350 (January 31, 2018)
3. Prepare the cost of goods sold section of a partial income statement for Business Solutions for the month ended January 31, 2018.
Answer:
Instructions are below.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Direct materials: $2,900 VARAIBLE
Factory overhead: $530 MIXED (ussually)
Direct labor: $900 VARIABLE
Beginning work in process: none (December 31, 2017)
Ending work in process: $520 (January 31, 2018)
Beginning finished goods inventory: none (December 31, 2017)
Ending finished goods inventory: $350 (January 31, 2018)
To calculate the cost of goods manufactured, we need to use the following formula:
cost of goods manufactured= beginning WIP + direct materials + direct labor + allocated manufacturing overhead - Ending WIP
cost of goods manufactured= 0 + 2,900 + 900 + 530 - 520
cost of goods manufactured= $3,810
Now, we can determine the cost of goods sold:
COGS= beginning finished inventory + cost of goods manufactured - ending finished inventory
beginning finished inventory= 0
cost of goods manufactured= 3,810
ending finished inventory= (350)
Cost of goods manufactured= $3,460
Prepare Job-Order Cost Sheets, Predetermined Overhead Rate, Ending Balance of WIP, Finished Goods, and COGS At the beginning of March, Mendez Company had two jobs in process, Job 86 and Job 87, with the following accumulated cost information:
Job 86 Job 87
Direct materials $4,800 $1,600
Direct labor 1,200 3,000
Applied overhead 888 2,220
Balance, March 1 6,888 $6,820
During March, two more jobs (88 and 89) were started. The following direct materials and direct labor costs were added to the four jobs during the month of March:
Job 86 Job 87 Job 88 Job 89
Direct materials $3,000 $7,000 $2,100 $1,500
Direct labor 800 6,000 900 500
At the end of March, Jobs 86, 87, and 89 were completed. Only Job 87 was sold. On March 1, the balance in Finished Goods was zero.
Required:
a. Calculate the overhead rate based on direct labor cost.
b. Prepare a brief job-order cost sheet for the four jobs. Show the balance as of March 1 as well as direct materials and direct labor added in March.
Answer:
1. Overhead rate based on direct labor cost = Overhead applied * 100/Direct labor cost
Overhead rate = 888 * 100/1200
Overhead rate = 74% of direct labor cost
2. Preparation of the brief job-order cost sheet for the four jobs.
Job 86 Job 87 Job 88 Job 89
Beginning balance, March 1 6,888 6,820
Direct materials 3,000 7,000 2,100 1,500
Direct labor 800 6,000 900 500
Applied overhead 592 4440 666 370
Total Balance March 31 11,280 24,260 3,666 2,370
Novak Company acquired a plant asset at the beginning of Year 1. The asset has an estimated service life of 5 years. An employee has prepared depreciation schedules for this asset using three different methods to compare the results of using one method with the results of using other methods. You are to assume that the following schedules have been correctly prepared for this asset using (1) the straight-line method, (2) the sum-of-the-years'-digits method, and (3) the double-declining-balance method.
Year Straight-Line Sum-of-the-Years'-Digits Double-Declining-Balance
1 $15,750 $26,250 $35,000
2 15,750 21,000 21,000
3 15,750 15,750 12,600
4 15,750 10,500 7,560
5 15,750 5,250 2,590
Total $78,750 $78,750 $78,750
Required:
a. What is the cost of the asset being depreciated?
b. What amount, if any, was used in the depreciation calculations for the salvage value for this asset?
c. Which method will produce the highest charge to income in Year 1?
d. Which method will produce the highest charge to income in Year 4?
e. Which method will produce the highest book value for the asset at the end of Year 3?
f. If the asset is sold at the end of Year 3, which method would yield the highest gain (or lowest loss) on disposal of the asset?
Answer:
a. What is the cost of the asset being depreciated?
the cost of the asset = $35,000 / 0.4 = $87,500
b. What amount, if any, was used in the depreciation calculations for the salvage value for this asset?
salvage value = $87,500 - (5 x $15,750) = $8,750
c. Which method will produce the highest charge to income in Year 1?
double declining results in the highest depreciation expense
d. Which method will produce the highest charge to income in Year 4?
straight line results in the highest depreciation expense
e. Which method will produce the highest book value for the asset at the end of Year 3?
straight line, book value = $87,500 - (3 x $15,750) = $40,250
f. If the asset is sold at the end of Year 3, which method would yield the highest gain (or lowest loss) on disposal of the asset?
double declining balance, since the carrying value is lowest = $87,500 - $35,000 - $21,000 - $12,600 = $18,900
e.g. if the assets is sold at $30,000, the gain = $11,100
under straight line method a $30,000 resale price would result in a loss(= $30,000 - $40,250 = -$10,250), while sum of years' digit would result in a gain = $30,000 - ($87,500 - $26,250 - $21,000 - $15,750) = $5,500
Prepare the financial statements for Smart Touch Learning for the month of December. Remember that the business started operations this month so all beginning balances were zero. For the Statement of Retained Earnings and the Balance Sheet, enter any decreases with a minus sign or parentheses.
SMART TOUCH LEARNING
Adjusted Trial Balance
December 31, 2016
Balance
Account Title Debit Credit
Cash 42,310
Accounts Receivable 2,400
Office Supplies 420
Prepaid Insurance 900
Furniture 13,300
Accumulated Depreciation
- Furniture 400
Salaries Payable 1,100
Unearned Revenue 4,200
Common Stock 41,500
Dividends 2,200
Service Revenue 20,400
Salaries Expense 3,300
Depreciation Expense
- Furniture 400
Insurance Expense 300
Utilities Expense 390
Rent Expense 1,600
Supplies Expense 80
Total 67,600 67,600
Answer:
SMART TOUCH LEARNING
Income Statement
December 31, 2016
Service Revenue 20,400
Salaries Expense 3,300
Depreciation Expense
- Furniture 400
Insurance Expense 300
Utilities Expense 390
Rent Expense 1,600
Supplies Expense 80 6,070
Net Income 14,330
Statement of Retained Earnings
December 31, 2016
Net Income 14,330
Dividends (2,200)
Balance, December 31, 2016 12,130
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2016
Assets:
Cash 42,310
Accounts Receivable 2,400
Office Supplies 420
Prepaid Insurance 900
Total current assets $46,030
Furniture 13,300
Accumulated
Depreciation (400) 12,900
Total assets $58,930
Liabilities + Equity:
Salaries Payable 1,100
Unearned Revenue 4,200
Common Stock 41,500
Retained Earnings 12,130
Total Liabilities + Equity $58,930
Explanation:
a) Data:
SMART TOUCH LEARNING
Adjusted Trial Balance
December 31, 2016
Balance
Account Title Debit Credit
Cash 42,310
Accounts Receivable 2,400
Office Supplies 420
Prepaid Insurance 900
Furniture 13,300
Accumulated Depreciation
- Furniture 400
Salaries Payable 1,100
Unearned Revenue 4,200
Common Stock 41,500
Dividends 2,200
Service Revenue 20,400
Salaries Expense 3,300
Depreciation Expense
- Furniture 400
Insurance Expense 300
Utilities Expense 390
Rent Expense 1,600
Supplies Expense 80
Total 67,600 67,600
Several years ago, Carol Mutter, a cash-basis taxpayer, obtained a mortgage from Weak National Bank to purchase a personal residence. In December 2019, $8,500 of interest was due on the mortgage, but Carol had only $75 in her checking account. On December 31, 2019, she borrowed $8,500 from her sister, Pearl, evidenced by a note, and the proceeds were deposited in her checking account. On the same day, Carol issued a check in the identical amount of $8,500 to Weak Bank for the interest due. Is the interest expense deductible for the 2019 tax year?Prepare (in good form) a research memorandum to the file. (See Chapter 2 for an illustration of the structure of a tax memo.)
Answer and Explanation:
The tax memo is as follows
Tax memo
From: Tax Advisory
Specific issue: the case here addresses Taxpayer A deduction of interest expenses for the period 2009 in which taxpayer A filed taxes
Facts : taxpayer A realized interest in mortgage amounting to $8500 which is owed to Weak National Bank. Taxpayer A applied for a loan with same Weak national bank for settlement of mortgage loan interest of $8500
Conclusion: Taxpayer A can not get deduction of interest expense on loan in weak bank for 2009 tax returns. This is because taxpayer A applied for loan with Weak bank and paid with cheque from same bank in which mortagage interest was owed in settlement of debt interest, and as such cannot qualify for deduction
Cash basis tax payers can report tax deductions in year in which they payment is made in cash