Erwin Chargaff is considered one of the pioneering scientists in the field of molecular biology. In one of his studies, Chargaff observed that a sample of human DNA contained approximately 30% adenine (A). Based on DNA structure, what are the expected percentages of the other nitrogenous bases in the sample?

Answers

Answer 1

A.

10% thymine, 40% cytosine

B.

20% thymine, 30% cytosine

C.

30% thymine, 20% cytosine

D.

40% thymine, 10% cytosine#

Answer:

30% thymine, 20% cytosine

Explanation:

In  a typical DNA double helix pyrimidine; Cytosine and thymine always pair with Purine ;Adenine and Guanine. This pairing ensure that the double helix of DNA is maintained  by the presence of Hydrogen between these organic bases.

For correct pairing all adenine must pair with thymine,and all Cytosine with guanine.Therefore for this to occur if 30 % of adenine is present,the  composition and number of thymine(30%) must be available.If this percentage is not available the pairing  will not occur.

Like wise  20% Cytosine must be present because ,then same amount of  Guanine molecule 20% in the DNA molecule. must be present Thus Guanine percentage is 20%.

This give a total of 100(60+40)

This based on the Erwin Chargaff  stoichiometric ratio  of 1:1 .This  states that the percentage of adenine =thymine,and that of Guanine=Cytosine,in the DNA of living cells should be equal. Thus; [A]+[G]=[C]+[T]=1:1


Related Questions

Why do the plant and animal cells SHARE some levels of classification?
Why are some levels of classification DIFFERENT?

Answers

Answer:

All living organisms are classified into groups based on very basic, shared characteristics. Organisms within each group are then further divided into smaller groups. These smaller groups are based on more detailed similarities within each larger group. This grouping system makes it easier for scientists to study certain groups of organisms. Characteristics such as appearance, reproduction, mobility, and functionality are just a few ways in which living organisms are grouped together. These specialized groups are collectively called the classification of living things. The classification of living things includes 7 levels: kingdom, phylum, classes, order, families, genus, and species .

The careful observations of many scientists have resulted in the development of the cell theory. Which of the following is not part of this theory?
a. All cells contain a nucleus.
b. All cells come from existing cells.
c. The cell is the basic unit of all living things.
d. All organisms are made up of one or more cells.

Answers

Answer:

a

Explanation:

all cells do not contain a nucleus


What might happen if you make a hole using a pointed object to any of the two small
balloons?

Answers

Due to high pressure on the small hole, the balloon will burst.

The balloon will burst if we make a hole using a pointed object because there is a lot of pressure on the small opening. When we male a hole in a balloon with a pointed object such as needle, the air inside the balloon trying to escape from the small opening which puts pressure on the small hole which the balloon can't tolerate and as a result the balloon will burst so we can say that the balloon will burst due to presence of high pressure.

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If PCBs escaped into the river in large amounts and entered the lower levels
of the food chain, what would be the likely outcome?

Answers

Answer:

Over time, PCBs would collect in top predators such as salmon, making them unsafe for human consumption.

Explanation:

PCBs last a long time in the environment before breaking down and may find their way into the food chain. Low levels of PCBs can be found in fish, shellfish, meat, poultry, milk, dairy products, and other foods. Since PCBs have not been made since 1977, the levels in the environment have been declining over the past several years. Predators at or near the top of the food chain (e.g. birds, fish) have the highest levels of PCBs in their bodies.

In what way are all living orginasims on earth similar?
A.They al share the same nucleic acid sequence.
B.They are all assembled from a nucleic acid code.
C.They all contain the same number of lipids.
D.They are all made from a code based on unsaturated fatty acids.

Answers

Answer:

Uhh let me see

Explanation:

......

Enter the correct 4 digit code (no spaces) *

Answers

Answer:

4136

Explanation:

Photemath

Answer:

9-2-5-7-

Explanation:

This is the process where an organism produces more of its own kind

Answers

Answer:

Reproduction o Reproduction: Reproduction o Reproduction is the process by which organisms make more of their own kind from one generation to the next.

Explanation:

I majored in Biology.

Write 2 paragraphs comparing landforms in Florida and those outside of Florida.

Answers

Answer:

The Florida peninsula is made of up four main land regions: the coastal plains, the uplands, the Everglades and the Florida Keys. Found across these regions are a variety of water features, including marshes, springs, swamps, lakes, rivers and ponds.

Explanation:

What elevated,flat-topped landforms are shown in the above picture

Answers

Answer:

there's not a picture I cant see it

Answer:

the answer is plateaus.

Analiza las siguientes situaciones.Luego indica que parte del sistema nervioso esta actuando en cada una. Explica por que 1) estás frente a un profesor dando examen oral sobre un tema que no estudiaste mucho. Estas nervioso y un poco pálido a medida que surgen las preguntas, te tiemblan y te sudan las manos. Antes de empezar el examen tenias ganas de ir al baño, pero se te fueron...

Answers

Respuesta:

1) Sistema Nervioso Simpático.

2) Primero, Sistema Nervioso Parasimpático. Luego, Sistema Nervioso Simpático.

3) Sistema Nervioso Parasimpático.

Explicación:

La pregunta está incompleta, falta la siguiente parte:

2) Estás durmiendo luego de una abundante cena, de pronto, sentís unos golpes tremendos, te tiran la puerta abajo y unos encapuchados te apuntan con algo que parece un arma ¡chau digestión! Sentís que los músculos se ponen cada vez más tensos.

3) Tus amigos te jugaron una broma pesada. ¡Los querés matar! Sentís que poco a poco tus pulsaciones vuelven al ritmo normal ¡Qué día!

Respuesta:

El sistema nervioso es un conjunto de células que controlan todas las funciones del cuerpo, incluyendo órganos y músculos. Para llevar a cabo dichas funciones, el sistema nervioso se encuentra dividido en dos grandes partes:

Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC): Conformado por el cerebro y médula espinal, que procesa la información recibida para mandar instrucciones al cuerpo sobre que funciones realizar.Sistema Nervioso Periférico (SNP): Conformado por nervios que se extienden desde la médula espinal hacia todo el cuerpo y son las responsable de captar señales que envían al cerebro.

El SNP, se divide entonces en Sistema Nervioso Somático, el cual conecta al SNC con todos los músculos para modular sus movimientos voluntarios e involuntarios y transmite la información desde el exterior hacia el interior. Y también se divide en Sistema Nervioso Autónomo (SNA) el cual a su vez presenta otras dos ramificaciones:

Sistema Nervioso Simpático: Controla respuestas que activan funciones y preparan al cuerpo para responder a situaciones diversas de estrés y peligro.Sistema Nervioso Parasimpático: Tiene una acción opuesta, para retornar al organismo a un estado de equilibrio.

Por lo tanto, el SNA se encuentra en la periferia y desde el cerebro salen nervios hacia todo el cuerpo, llamados fibras eferentes, enviando información de las vísceras y algunos órganos para controlar sus funciones de acuerdo a los estímulos percibidos. Por lo tanto, esta división del sistema nervioso controla movimientos involuntarios como la digestión, presión sanguínea, reflejos involuntarios, etc.

Por ejemplo, frente a una situación de estrés o de peligro, el Sistema Nervioso Simpático hace que el cuerpo entre en un estado de alerta para así estar preparado para defenderse y/o huir. Entonces, se envían señales a glándulas y músculos para que lleven a cabo ciertas funciones como dilatar pupilas, liberar adrenalina, inhibir la digestión, aumentar la presión sanguínea, etc. Todo esto ayuda al cuerpo a utilizar las energías disponibles para huir o defenderse frente al peligro y no malgasta las energías en funciones que no son prioridad en ese momento (como la digestión, entre otras) Cuando la situación se termina y la persona se tranquiliza, el Sistema Nervioso Parasimpático retorna al organismo hacia un estado de equilibrio causando la constricción de pupilas, liberando acetilcolina estabilizando la presión, retomando la digestión, etc. De esta manera, el organismo continua llevando a cabo sus funciones normales.

1) En este caso, la persona se encuentra muy nerviosa por estar siendo evaluada por un profesor y frente a toda la clase. Entonces, el Sistema Nervioso Simpático hace que la sangre se dirija a los músculos y el cuerpo se prepara para "huir" dejando de lado otras situaciones como ir al baño. La sudoración tiene la función de bajar la temperatura corporal, y los temblores vienen por parte de las palpitaciones y la presión sanguínea alta.

2) Mientras la persona duerme y hace la digestión, actúa el Sistema Nervioso Parasimpático, ya que el cuerpo se encuentra tranquilo y en resposo, sin situaciones estresantes o de peligro y puede funcionar de forma normal como siempre. Pero en el momento en el que la persona escucha ruidos, se despierta de golpe y al ver gente extraña la persona se pone nerviosa, se inhibe la digestión y otras funciones no primordiales para la supervivencia y la persona se encuentra en estado de alerta. En este caso, actúa el Sistema Nervioso Simpático. También se tensan los músculos, preparándose para ser usados y escapar.

3) Cuando la persona se da cuenta que los encapuchados eran amigos y solo era una broma, se calma, y baja el ritmo cardíaco por lo que actúa el Sistema Nervioso Parasimpático. La persona ya no necesita estar en estado de alerta para escaparse y huir.

what will happen when you add colored ice cubes on one side and warm food coloring on the other side of the container. ( this questions is due quick)

Answers

Explanation:

Food coloring added to the center of a beaker of cold water will sink to the bottom. If you stir the cold water, or add the coloring to warm water, it will diffuse much more quickly.

What do water molecules do when water is a solid?

-They grow bigger and stick together.
-They lose a hydrogen atom.
-They line up and hardly move.
-They join with air molecules.

Answers

Answer: they grow bigger and stick together

Explanation:

Which is the correct order of the levels of organization in plants and animals?

Answers

Answer:

The highest level of organization for living things is the biosphere; it encompasses all other levels. The biological levels of organization of living things arranged from the simplest to most complex are: organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, and biosphere.

Explanation:

When you throw a baseball, it travels a curved path before it hits the ground because _____.
the Earth is curved and all objects follow its path
the horizontal force of the throw and the vertical force of gravity both act on the ball the ball’s inertia changes its direction, therefore accelerating it as it falls
gravity moves all objects in a circular path around Earth

Answers

Answer:

the horizontal force one os right

Explanation:

Answer:the horizontal force of the throw and the vertical force of gravity both act on the ball

said the person up me AYO

The process in which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell devides during asexual reproduction is called

Answers

Answer:

Mitotic Phase 

Explanation:

During mitosis, the two sister chromatids that make up each chromosome separate from each other and move to opposite poles of the cell.

Why does DNA replication occur before mitosis and cell division?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

DNA replication needs to occur because existing cells divide to make new cells, so that the DNA needs to be copied before cell division so that each new cell receives a full set of instructions.

DNA replication - It is the process of producing two identical copies of DNA molecules from one original DNA molecule.

The cell cycle is the series of events that lead to a cell's genome duplication and final division into two daughter cells.

It consist of two main phases - Interphase and M phase

DNA replication occurs at the interphase during S phase of the cell cycle.

Mitosis begins after interphase.

DNA replication occurs before mitosis and cell division so that each newly formed daughter cell receive full set of chromosomes as of parent cell in their nucleus. DNA contains  instructions that helps the newly formed cells to operate properly.

Learn more about cell cycle:-

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what is a constant.here what it is

Answers

Constants are parts of algebraic expressions that don't change. Check out this tutorial to see exactly what a constant looks like and why it doesn't change.

Which of the following correctly shows flow of the energy in this environment ? NEED ASAP

Answers

Answer:

Last answer/option.

What is the role of the golgi body in the transporing of proteins out of the cell.

A. It is where proteins are synthesized.
B. It combines proteins with DNA to send out of the cell.
C. It will fold the proteins for transport.
D. It will package and tag the proteins for transport.

Answers

Answer:

Hello!!! Princess Sakura here ^^

Explanation:

The answer is choice D.

Explain the purpose of the EPA.

Answers

The purpose of the EPA is to protect human health and environment

What is it called when a species adapts to changing environments, food sources, predators,
etc., and survives to reproduce future generations?
A) Natural Adaptation
B) Natural Selection
C) Selective Adaptations
D) Natural Cooperation

Answers

Answer:

B) Natural Selection

Explanation:

Answer:

I agree, it is B) Natural Selection

Explanation:

You learn it

Why are Carbon-14 and carbon-12 considered to be isotopes?

A. Carbon-14 decays at a faster rate that Carbon-12
B. Carbon-14 is more stable than Carbon-12.
C. Carbon-14 has more neutrons than carbon-12.
D. Carbon-13 is roughly 2 any heavier than Carbon-14.
E. Both atoms have six protons in the nucleus, but have different atomic masses.

Answers

Answer:

it is c or e

Explanation:

10. Vestigial structures
Are dangerous and should be removed.
Are fully functional structures in a species.
Are usually present, but are no longer functional.
Have been completely eliminated from the species.

Answers

Answer:

Are usually present, but are no longer functional.

Explanation:

Vestigial structures are "evolutionary remnants". They are anatomical features that were once important throughout the organism's evolution, but now have no function. However, they aren't harmful either, so there has been no selective pressure for them to be removed via evolution.

Good examples in humans are the tail bone, wisdom teeth, and the appendix.

Nutrients can come from what 3 natural sources?

Answers

Answer:

Nutrient-rich soil or water contains large amounts of nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, and potassium. These nutrients can come from natural sources, like plant and animal remains. As plants and animals die, they decompose. Decomposition releases nutrients into the environment.

Which statements could be categorized in the "Asexual" section of the Venn diagram? Check all that apply

Answers

Answer:

The right answer are : mitosis, diploid cells, and identical DNA.

Explanation:

The answers "two cell divisions" and "gametes" refers to a division by meiosis which is a sexual reproduction.

Asexual reproduction or asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction, which - as opposed to sexual reproduction - corresponds to the capacity of living organisms to multiply alone, without a partner, without involving the fusion of two gametes of opposite sexes. Asexual reproduction is observed in multicellular (animal and plant) and unicellular organisms. In botany, the term often used for the asexual multiplication of plants is vegetative multiplication. In all cases of asexual reproduction, the result is identical to the mother.

I have linked an image of the question I need help with. For this question I have to put which definition is a carbon cycle, which one is a nitrogen cycle, and which one is a phosphorus cycle.

Answers

Answer:

I know the middle definition is for the Carbon cycle. I think the first is phosphorus and the last is nitrogen.

The functions of carbohydrates do NOT include:
a
catalyzing reactions
b
structural materials
C с
source of energy
d
glycogen stores

Answers

The answer would be a.

Biological catalysts are generally proteins (and a group of RNA molecules called ribozymes), but carbohydrates do not play such a role.

The function of the carbohydrates do NOT include option A. catalyzing reactions

What are carbohydrates?

It is considered to be sugar molecules. Along with fats and proteins, carbohydrates should represent the three important nutrients that should be found in food and drinks. Glucose or blood sugar represents the source of energy.

It functions include structural materials, stores of glycogen, and sources of energy.

Therefore, the correct option is a.

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An investigation is a example of what?

Answers

Like when police investigate homes or something

What a makes villages a anthrome?

Answers

Answer:

a mix of urban area, forest, and cultivated lands.

Explanation:

Because the bodies of animals contain carbon molecules, the animal kingdom stores huge amounts of carbon. Which of the following processes returns carbon from this vast reservoir to the active carbon cycle?

Answers

Answer:

burning fossil fuels and decomposition of dead organisms

Explanation:

A significant amount of the carbon in the biosphere is returned to the carbon cycle through decomposition by fungi and bacteria. Much of what is not decomposed becomes fossil fuels. When humans burn fossil fuels for energy, carbon is returned to the atmosphere.

The process that returns carbon from the vast reservoir of animal bodies to the active carbon cycle is called decomposition, which is present in Option A, as when an animal dies, its body is broken down by decomposers, such as bacteria and fungi.

What is decomposition?

The decomposition process is essential for the cycling of carbon in the environment. When an animal dies, the organic molecules that make up its body become available to decomposers. These decomposers use enzymes to break down the complex organic molecules into simpler compounds, such as sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids.

Hence, the process that returns carbon from the vast reservoir of animal bodies to the active carbon cycle is called decomposition, which is present in Option A.

Learn more about the decomposition here.

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complete question is below

Because the bodies of animals contain carbon molecules, the animal kingdom stores huge amounts of carbon. Which of the following processes returns carbon from this vast reservoir to the active carbon cycle?

A)decomposition

B) nitrogen fixation

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