Answer:
During both mitosis and meiosis, DNA replicates first during S phase of interphase. Each copy (DNA molecule) is called chromatid. Before anaphase they remain together, joined by the centromere in the chromosome.
Part 1: How many chromatids and chromosomes are present at:
(a) anaphase of mitosis: During this phase sister chromatids split. We would have 48 chromosomes in each pole and 48 chromatides.
(b) anaphase I of meiosis: During this phase homologous chromosomes split, being a reductional division. In each pole we will have half the chromosomes we had after DNA replication. This is 24 chromosomes but 48 chromatides (remember they will split during anaphase II).
(c) anaphase II of meiosis: This is an equational division, we will have 24 chromosomes in each pole and 24 chromatides. Each chromatid is considered a chromosome.
(d) G1 prior to mitosis: During this phase DNA has not replicated yet and it is not condensed either. This formed is called chromatin. We will assign one chromatid for each chromosome. This is a somatic cell, so: 48 chromosomes and 48 chromatids.
(e) G2 prior to mitosis: After S phase, we have duplicated all chromosomes. We will assign two chromatids per chromosome: this is 96 chromatides and 48 chromosomes.
(f) G1 prior to meiosis: Before DNA duplication, 48 chromosomes, 48 chromatids.
(g) Prophase of meiosis I: After DNA replication, condensation of the chromatin takes place: 48 chromosomes, 96 chromatids.
Part 2: How many chromatids or chromosomes are present in:
(h) An oogonial cell prior to S phase: This is G1 phase, 48 chromosomes.
(i) A spermatide: This is the male haploid gametid, after meiosis: 24 chromosomes and 24 chromatids.
(j) A primary oocyte arrested prior to ovulation: They are arrested at prophase I of meiosis. This means their DNA is still duplicated and chromatides have not divided yet. 48 chromosomes and 96 chromatids.
(k) A secondary oocyte arrested prior to fertilization: They are halted at metaphase II of meiosis, meaning they have half the chromosomes (24) but chromatids are still together (48).
(l) A second polar body: They suffered the same process as the mature ovum but remained with little cytoplasm. They have 24 chromosomes and 24 chromatids.
(m) A chimpanzee sperm: They have completed both meiosis as well, they have 24 chromosomes and 24 chromatids.
Explanation:
Mitosis is a type of cell division in which the number of chromosomes in the parent cell is similar to the daughter cell. Mitosis occurs in the somatic cells.
The chromosomes present in the Chimpanzee's cell after mitosis are 48 chromosomes.
The mitosis can be explained as:
1. Mitosis is a type of cell division in which the number of chromosomes in the daughter and parent cells are similar.
2. During the DNA replication process, the DNA is duplicated and separated into the individual two daughter cells.
Thus, the cells with 48 chromosomes will give rise to daughter cells consisting of 48 chromosomes.
To know more about mitosis, refer to the following link:
https://brainly.com/question/13536882
What are 3 positives about designer babies?
Answer:
Top 10 Pros of Creating Designer Babies-
Parents can choose favorable characteristics. ...
The sex of the baby can be chosen. ...
Help prevent common and (even) rare genetic diseases. ...
Help prevent disorders associated with the mitochondria. ...
Aid in the lowering of the risks of diseases in future generations.
Pick 3,i wrote more!
Answer:
Parents can choose favorable characteristics: Genetic engineering technology offers a wide variety of choices for parents. The option to bear a child has long been established, but more modern innovations in the field open the chance to choose or eliminate specific characteristics and traits. Parents can “design” the features of their child such as skin color, facial attributes, height, and even intelligence (almost like picking items from the supermarket shelves into the shopping cart!).
The sex of the baby can be chosen: Along with the choice for desirable characteristics, the sex of the child can also be selected. About this, there are already previously available procedures to choose the child’s sex. To name a few, these include IVF and artificial insemination.
Help prevent common and (even) rare genetic diseases: With the alteration of an individual’s genome, inheritable diseases and disorders can be prevented from being passed on to future generations. Some of these disorders include Down syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and spinal muscular dystrophy.
Explanation:
hope this helps :D pls mark brainliest :D
in a population of mendel's garden peas, the frequency of green-flowered plants (genotype aa) is 49%. the population is in hardy-weinberg equilibrium.
9% AA, 42% Aa are the frequencies of the AA and Aa genotypes
What made Mendel's peas different?Plant height, pod shape and color, seed shape and color, blossom location and color—these are the seven different pea plant traits that Mendel studied.
He carefully counted the number of each trait that each progeny derived from the parent plants inherited after sorting them according to these traits.
What are the seven qualities that Mendel studied?On the next screen, he reveals that he has seven different traits.
Pea shape (round or wrinkled)Pea (green or yellow)Pod shape (shrinkage or swelling)pod color (green or yellow)Flower color (purple or white)plant size (large or small)flower position (on axis or terminal)learn more about mendel here
https://brainly.com/question/516014
#SPJ4
the question you are looking for is
In a population of Mendel's garden peas, the frequency of green-flowered plants (genotype aa) is 49%. The population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. What are the frequencies of the AA and Aa genotypes?
9% AA, 42% Aa
33% AA, 18% Aa
49% AA, 2% Aa
The frequencies cannot be determined from the information provided.
42% AA, 9% Aa
which statement about the event represented in the diagram is valid?
Answer: The event provides genetic diversity in eukaryotic cells
Explanation:
Genetic diversity in eukaryotic cells is the event represented in the diagram.
What is genetic diversity?Genetic diversity is the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species, it ranges widely from the number of species to differences within species and can be attributed to the span of survival for a species.
Moreover, genetic Diversity refers to the range of different inherited traits within a species. In a species with high genetic diversity, there would be many individuals with a wide variety of different traits. Genetic diversity is critical for a population to adapt to changing environments.
Hence, mutations, the changes in the sequences of genes in DNA, are one source of genetic variation. Another source is gene flow, or the movement of genes between different groups of organisms.
Learn more about genetic diversity:
https://brainly.com/question/14696671
#SPJ2
Compared with mitosis, the process of meiosis results in daughter cells that
are —
Answer:
haploid (50% identical)
Explanation:
meiosis: results in daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell
mitosis: the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells genetically identical to each other.
Meiosis results in daughter cells that are haploid.
In meiosis reduction division occur before equational division which results in the formation of four haploid daughter cells.
What is meiosis?It is a special type of division in which germ cells are produced.
What is mitosis?It is the process by which a cell replicate its chromosomes and then segregates them producing two identical copies.
To know more about meiosis and mitosis here
https://brainly.com/question/13759500
#SPJ2
explain how fat can provide both energy and protein to the organnism
Answer:
The body uses three main nutrients to function
carbohydrate, protein, and fat.
These nutrients are digested into simpler compounds. Carbohydrates are used for energy (glucose). Fats are used for energy after they are broken into fatty acids. Protein can also be used for energy, but the first job is to help with making hormones, muscle, and other proteins.
Why are there different sizes of bacterial colonies?
Answer:
colony size reduce means somehow its growth rate was hampered. In your experiment you r use salt but salt has a negative effect on E.coli.It dis regulate the osmotic balance of this bacterial cell after tolerance concentration may be this is the main reason of smaller colony size.
How is Matter cycled in ecosystems?
Answer:
All matter goes back into carbon dioxide, water, and minerals
Explanation:
Matter cannot be created or destroyed. There is a constant cycle of matter that repeats itself.
futterman i, rosenfeld e, toaff m, et al.addressing disparities inprenatal care via telehealth during covid-19: prenatal satisfactionsurvey in east harlem. am j perinatol.
The medical care you receive while you are pregnant is called prenatal care. Prenatal testing and checks are included.
How telehealth affect prenatal care?A pregnant lady can follow her weight, blood pressure, and fetal heart rate using telehealth from the comfort of her home. Even though televisits received lower patient satisfaction ratings across the board, there were no clinically relevant variations because every median fell within the "satisfied" range. Telehealth made it possible to continue providing adequate prenatal care without affecting patients' perceptions of the quality of their care by reducing patient exposure to the COVID-19 virus and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in particular for those at risk for limited access to care and higher COVID-19 cases by zip code.Learn more about the Prenatal care with the help of the given link:
https://brainly.com/question/7764137
#SPJ4
In humans which embryonic structure develops into ear canals and the eustachian tubes?
A. pharyngeal slits
B. notochord
C. myotomes
D. post axal tail
Answer:
I think A
I hope this is help
Explanation:
The Eustachian tube originates from the tubotympanic recess, an embryonic structure derived from the first pharyngeal and second endodermal pouches. The proximal portion of the tubotympanic recess forms the tympanic cavity, and its distal portion becomes the Eustachian tube.
Answer:
A. pharyngeal slits
Explanation:
cleavage stimulating factor 64 depletion mitigates cardiac fibrosis through alternative polyadenylation pdf
The discussion of cleavage stimulating factor 64 depletion mitigates cardiac fibrosis through alternative polyadenylation is given in below paragraph-
By cleaving the poly(A) sequence and adding it at various polyadenylation sites (PAS) in the 3′UTR, alternative polyadenylation (APA) controls the expression of genes and creates transcript isoforms of various lengths. Cleavage Stimulating Factor 64 (CstF64) is an APA regulator that affects PAS choice and controls 3′UTR length. The 3′UTR is shortened as a result of CstF64's preference for the usage of proximal PAS, which improves the stability of the target genes while also improving protein expression. The purpose of this study is to look at the involvement of CstF64 in cardiac fibrosis, a significant occurrence that results in heart failure. By measuring distal PAS (dPAS) utilization in left ventricular (LV) tissues and cardiac fibroblasts from HF, we were able to assess the expression of CstF64, essential profibrotic genes, and their 3′UTR alterations.
By measuring the distal PAS (dPAS) utilization in cardiac fibroblasts and left ventricular (LV) tissues from HF patients, we were able to assess the expression of CstF64, important profibrotic genes, and their 3′UTR alterations. In addition to enhanced fibrosis gene expression, such as COL1A and FN1, and considerable 3′UTR shortening, CstF64 was elevated in HF LV tissues and cardiac fibroblasts. Additionally, HF cardiac fibroblasts displayed elevated TGF-R1 expression, which is associated with a notable reduction in TGF-R1 length. Our research reveals that CstF64 plays a significant role in myofibroblast activation and the promotion of cardiac fibrosis during HF via APA. Therefore, restricting RNA processing by CstF64-mediated approaches in human HF may offer a new therapeutic treatment approach.
What is cardiac fibrosis?Cardiac fibrosis often refers to an excessive buildup of extracellular matrix in the cardiac muscle, but the word may also refer to an aberrant thickening of the heart valves brought on by unsuitable cardiac fibroblast growth. As heart failure progresses, fibrotic cardiac muscle becomes stiffer and less flexible. Although a specific process of valvular pathology is highlighted in the explanation that follows, there are additional causes of valve pathology and cardiac muscle fibrosis.
To learn more about cardiac fibrosis with the help of given link:
https://brainly.com/question/2833911
#SPJ4
6. Which of the following is a push factor for urbanization?
A. The crash in the agricultural sector.
B. The availability of education.
C. Better infrastructure
D. More entertainment options
Answer:
a or c i dont really know which one
Explanation:
5
Which of the following is NOT required for natural selection to occur?*
(2 Points)
The environment must remain constant and unchanging.
There must be some differences within the population of organisms.
The organisms must reproduce.
O There must be a heritable trait passed from one generation to the next
Answer:
The environment must remain constant and unchanging.
I'm sorry if I'm wrong
Examples of vestigial structures include
a. Human thumbs
b. Human eyes
c. Whale gills
d. None of the above
Answer:
d.None of the above
Explanation:
Vestigial structures are anatomical feature or behavior that no longer seems to have a purpose in the current form of an organism of the given species. Often, these vestigial structures were organs that performed some important function in the organism at one point in the past. Which means these need to have an important function.
I WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST! PLEASE HELP ASAP!!
Please list the order of organization within animals, beginning with the atom and ending with the organism. Describe each level of organization.
Answer:Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism
Explanation:
Water molecules move across the plasma membrane until solute concentrations are equal on both sides of the membrane. This type of passive transport is called
Water molecules move across the plasma membrane in a type of passive transport called diffusion.
What is diffusion?The process of diffusion is a type of passive transport in which solutes such as small molecules move across the cell membrane to equal concentration in both sides of the membrane.
In conclusion, water molecules move across the plasma membrane until solute concentrations are equal on both sides of the membrane, which is a type of passive transport called diffusion.
Learn more about diffusion and passive transport here:
https://brainly.com/question/11985281
#SPJ1
cogoli a, mitogenic signal transduction in t lymphocytes in microgravity. j leukoc biol 1993, 53(5):569-575.
The activation by concanavalin A Con A of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) in the presence of monocytes as accessory cells were once investigated in cultures uncovered to microgravity prerequisites in Spacelab. Activation of T cells used to be measured as the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA, secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma, and expression of IL-2 receptors. Whereas, as observed in earlier experiments, the activation of resuspended T cells is strongly inhibited, activation of cells attached to microcarrier beads is greater than doubled in microgravity. The results suggest that the depression of the activation in resuspended cells may also be attributed to a malfunction of monocytes performing as accessory cells. Though the ultrastructure of resuspended monocytes is now not altered in microgravity, the secretion of IL-1 is strongly inhibited. Our data propose that (1) IL-2 is produced independently of IL-1, (2) IL-1 production is brought about only when monocytes (and lymphocytes?) adhere to microcarriers, (3) the expression of IL-2 receptors depends on IL-1, and (4) furnished enough IL-1 is available, activation is better in microgravity. Finally, cultures of resuspended PBLs and monocytes in microgravity represent a whole and natural gadget in which monocytes are now not operational. This can also be beneficial for research of the position of accent cells and cell-cell interactions in T lymphocyte activation.
A lymphocyte is a kind of white blood cell. Enlarge. Blood cells. Blood consists of many types of cells: white blood cells (monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and macrophages), pink blood cells (erythrocytes), and platelets. Blood circulates through the body in the arteries and veins.
Learn more about lymphocyte here:
https://brainly.com/question/25397351
#SPJ4
please answer this question
Answer:
The trend shows that the Enzyme Pepsin is active and prefers the pH level of 2. While Trypsin Is much active at pH 8 and prefers that pH level.
Explanation:
You can tell by seeing the enzyme activity compared to the pH range. Enzymes are simply proteins which work around your body so pepsin since it is active in acidic levels (pH 2) is probably an enzyme found in the stomach.
The trend shows that the Enzyme Pep sin is active and prefers the pH level of 2. While Trypsin Is much active at pH 8 and prefers that pH level.
What are the functions of enzyme pepsin?Pepsin is an endo peptidase that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides. It is produced in the gastric cells of the stomach lining and is one of the main digestive enzymes in the digestive systems.
Pep sin is a stomach enzyme that serves to digest proteins found in ingested food. Gastric chief cells secrete pep sin as an in active zymogen called pepsinogen.
In the digestive tract pepsin effects only partial degradation of proteins into smaller units called peptides, which then either are absorbed from the intestine into the bloodstream.
Learn more about enzyme pepsin:
https://brainly.com/question/14991777
#SPJ2
Which of the following is not made of cell(s)? Bacteria, virus, protist, fungi, animals?
Answer:
Viruses
Explanation:
Because Viruses are not a type of bacteria that helps people
brainliest to a correct anwer
mr. jones has blood type A and mrs. jones has blood type AB. what is the probability that they will have a child with blood type A if both of mr. jones's parents were AB?
Answer:
the correct answer its 50 %
Help need please. I really appreciate thank you
Answer:
1.)The ability to extract DNA is of primary importance to studying the genetic causes of disease and for the development of diagnostics and drugs. It is also essential for carrying out forensic science, sequencing genomes, detecting bacteria and viruses in the environment and for determining paternity.
25. What is the significance of each of the following in living organisms? a) Excretion b) Reproduction c)Irritability
The significance of excretion, reproduction and irritability in living organisms is that they collectively aid in the survival of living organisms.
What are the characteristics of living organisms?Living organisms are organisms that have life in them. The characteristics that distinguishes living things from non-living things are as follows:
MovementReproductionNutritionIrritabilityGrowthExcretionRespirationDeathAccording to this question, the significance of the aforementioned characteristics of living organisms is as follows:
Excretion: This is the process whereby waste products or materials not needed in a living organism are ejected or removed from the body. Reproduction: This is the act of reproducing new individuals biologically i.e. replicating themselves. This way, living organisms are multiplied. Irritability: Irritability is a natural susceptibility or characteristic of all living organisms, tissues, and cells, to the influence of certain stimuli. This enables living organisms to respond to danger in their environment.Learn more about characteristics of living organisms at: https://brainly.com/question/97544
#SPJ1
Answer:
The characteristics of living organisms are:
(i) Growth and development- Young organisms (plants and animals) grow and develop into adults.
(ii) Movement- Animals exhibit a wide range of movements.
(iii) Reproduction- The biological process by which new organisms (offsprings) are produced from organisms of the same kind.
(iv) Respiration- Oxygen is used for the oxidation of food and carbon dioxide is produced.
(v) Responsiveness- All living organisms respond to light, heat and the changes around them.
(vi) Excretion- The process by which metabolic wastes and other non-useful, toxic wastes such as faeces are eliminated from an organism is called excretion. Plants also remove their wastes.
(vii) Adaptation- Changes in the structure or behaviour of an organism that allow it to survive in a particular habitat are called adaptations.
Was this answer helpful?
why sun isnt in the food web
Answer:
Producers produce their own food, but higher organisms must consume plants or other animals in order to survive.
Producers would die if they did not take steps to convert
sunlight into food, and customers who rely on them would lose their food supply and die as well.
Explanation:
-
Why can’t your body heal an amputation the same way it can heal a cut?
Answer:
because the mother sells are less for that kind of cuts so they don't regenerate and in a cut its easier because they are just in number for that cut
Explanation:
please answer this for me please. i feel like they are wrong thank you
Answer:
you're doing great!
Explanation:
you've actually answered 1-3 perfectly! for 4, try mentioning the leaves, stem, and height!
for 5, most seeds need the same thing - sunlight, the correct temperature, water, and oxygen; if your text mentions something specific from those, then write it down. if your text doesn't mention anything, simply writing "water, warm temperature, sunlight, and oxygen" should be fine!
When your muscles contract to move your body, such as during walking, work is done, and work requires energy. Based on the law of conservation of energy, from where does this energy come?.
The energy for muscle contraction comes from the metabolism of food.
What does the law of conservation of energy say?The law of conservation of energy tells us that energy can not be created or destroyed, is transformed. Applying this law for the muscle contraction, this energy cannot come from nothing. Then the energy generated from food (glucose, fatty acids, proteins) will be transported, mainly glucose, to the muscle cell and will be transformed into a metabolite for the use of this energy in muscle contraction.
Thanks to this metabolite, ATP, the muscle is able to contract and give way to the displacement of myofilaments. Apart from providing energy, ATP will also be a regulator of the contraction process together with other elements such as calcium and magnesium, thus demonstrating the importance of the presence of energy.
Therefore, we can confirm that the energy for muscle contraction comes from the metabolism of food.
To learn more about muscle contraction visit: https://brainly.com/question/28446332
#SPJ1
What is the first step of DNA replication?
A. Free nucleotides bond together in the correct sequence.
B. A single-stranded RNA molecule forms.
C. The DNA transfers its information to RNA through an amino acid.
D. The DNA molecule unzips along weak hydrogen bonds.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
The first step in DNA replication is to 'unzip' the double helix structure of the DNA molecule. This is carried out by an enzyme, called helicase which breaks the hydrogen bonds? holding the complementary bases of DNA together
DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. The option (D) is correct.
DNA replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules. Replication is an essential process because, whenever a cell divides, the two new daughter cells must contain the same genetic information, or DNA, as the parent cell.
Moreover, DNA must replicate (copy) itself so that each resulting cell after mitosis and cell division has the same DNA as the parent cell. All these cells, the parent cell and the two new daughter cells, are genetically identical.
Therefore, DNA replication is the process of creating two identical daughter strands of DNA. DNA replication occurs in the nucleus in eukaryotic cells and in the nucleoid region in prokaryotic cells. DNA replication occurs in S phase during the cell cycle prior to cell division.
Learn more about DNA replication:
https://brainly.com/question/16464230
#SPJ2
Which Anuran tends to lay eggs in long strands?
A.)Salamander
B.)Frog
C.)Caecilian
D.)Toad
Answer:
d
Explanation:
toad
a population of antelope normally graze on the abundant grasses in the savannah. however, a drought occurs and the amount of grass decreases. that year, many young, sick, and old antelope starve to death. a change in what variable lowered the antelope's population?
A change in carrying capacity lowered the antelope's population.
Carrying Capacity: An environment that can support the maximum population size of a species to sustain and grow its population is called carrying capacity. It is different for each species in a habitat because every species requires particular food, shelter, and social requirements. When a population approaches its carrying capacity, the rate of increase in a population usually slows and the birth rate equals the death rate.
A population of antelope normally graze on the abundant grasses in the Savannah. However, a drought occurs and the amount of grass decreases. That year, many young, sick, and old antelope starve to death. the antelope's population was lowered by a variable known as carrying capacity.
Read more about carrying capacity:
brainly.com/question/797991
#SPJ4
During winter in the northern
hemisphere, the northern hemisphere
is...
A. tilted away from the sun.
B. tilted toward the sun.
C. receives colder wind from the equator.
D. closer to the north pole.
Answer:
I am pretty sure the correct answer is A
H1N1 flu is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the influenza A (H1N1) virus. The symptoms of H1N1 flu are listed in the box below. An antiviral agent administered within 48 hours of the appearance of symptoms can reduce the severity of the illness. Screen Why is it important to administer an antiviral agent to an infected person within 48 hours of the appearance of symptoms? The H1N1 virus is transmitted through a vector host, such as a mosquito. The H1N1 virus is dormant in cells. The H1N1 virus does not mutate. The H1N1 virus replicates quickly.
Answer:
The H1N1 virus replicates quickly.
Explanation:
The H1N1 virus replicates quickly, which is why it is of high importance that an antiviral agent is administrated within the first 48 hours so that the reproduction rate of the virus can be lowered, resulting in an effective treatment against H1N1 flu. In other words, by administrating an antiviral in the first 48 hours, we are helping the body to fight the virus since the antiviral stops the reproduction of it, and we increase the chances of succeeding at it.