linear
single
circular
eukaryotic
prokaryotic
multiple
Before a cell divides, its DNA must be replicated without errors so that
the genetic codes for proteins are expressed properly. In
cells, which have linear chromosomes, replication
occurs in
locations and ends when all the
chromosomes are copied. In prokaryotic cells, which have DNA, replication starts in only a single location and proceeds until the entire chromosome is copied.
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The Replication process in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is quite similar. Almost the same enzymes are involved. 1)eukaryotic, 2)multiple, 3)circular.
What is the prokaryotic DNA replication process?In prokaryotic cells, DNA Replication consists of the unwinding and opening of the double-stranded DNA molecule, a process that starts at the replication origin.
The process is completed in three stages,
⇒ Initiation, in which helicase and topoisomerase are the first enzymes involved.
Helicase works in the replication origin.
It separates the DNA into two strands allowing the replication fork to advance by unwinding the DNA. It breaks hydrogen bonds between nitrogenated bases pairs.Topoisomerase impedes the DNA double helix near the replication forks to get too coiled when the DNA is opening.
⇒ Elongation, in which DNA polymerase I and III, primase, and ligase act,
Polymerase I and III are responsible for DNA elongation.
They are in charge of adding nucleotides to the growing chain, from 3' to 5' extremes. It includes only nucleotides that complement the original strand. They need to recognize a primer to begin. The new chain grows in 5’-3’ directionPrimase is in charge of synthesizing primers.
DNA polymerase I eliminate ARN primers and substitute them with DNA.
DNA ligase seals the gaps that remain after replacing the primers.
⇒ Mistakes correction
Endonuclease cuts the wrong segment
Polymerase I and III are in charge of correcting errors and filling empty spaces.
Ligase seals the corrected extremes.
The prokaryotic replication result is two DNA molecules, each of them carrying an old strand and a new strand.
What is the eukaryotic DNA replication process?
Eukaryotic DNA replication is the process through which DNI molecule duplicates. This event takes place during the S stage of the interphase. So when the cell divides during mitosis or meiosis, each cell will get a complete set of chromosomes.
DNI replication is semi-conservative because each new molecule carries an original DNI strand and a new one. The fact that the new molecule is composed of an original strand makes it semi-conservative. The old existing strands are used to synthesize the new complementary strand.
The main difference concerning the prokaryotic replication process is that in eukaryotic cells there are
5 different polymerase enzymes several replication origins per chromosomeinvolves histonesThe origin of the replication requires
The helicase enzyme breaks hydrogen bonds and separates the two original strands. The topoisomerase enzyme is necessary to release tension. Other proteins are also needed to join the strains and keep them separated.Once the molecule is opened, there is a region named replication forks.
DNA polymerase makes the new nucleotides enter the fork and pairs them with the corresponding nucleotide of the original strand. Adenine pairs thymine, and cytosine pairs guanine.DNA strands are antiparallel, and replication occurs only in 5'-3'direction. So one of the strands will replicate continuously, while the other strain will be formed by short fragments known as Okazaki fragments.
Primers are needed to make the DNA polymerase work. Primers are small units of RNA and are placed at the beginning of each new fragment. These are later eliminated by Polymerase.
Ligase seals the gaps.
Complete sentenses
Before a cell divides, its DNA must be replicated without errors so that the genetic codes for proteins are expressed properly. In eukaryotic cells, which have linear chromosomes, replication occurs in multiple locations and ends when all the chromosomes are copied. In prokaryotic cells, which have circular DNA, replication starts in only a single location and proceeds until the entire chromosome is copied.
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What is the purpose using lime water in release of carbon dioxide experiment
Limewater can be used to detect carbon dioxide. If carbon dioxide is bubbled through limewater then it turns from clear to cloudy/milky in color. This is why limewater used in a simple respirometer can show that more carbon dioxide is present in exhaled air compared to inhaled air.
Which of the following is a nonrenewable resource? a. hydropower b. biomass c. geothermal power d. coal please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Answer:
Coal
Explanation:
Coal is classified as a nonrenewable energy source because it takes millions of years to form.
Which process creates variation in genetic material?.
Answer:
the process of recombination
Explanation:
Meiosis is important because it ensures that all organisms produced via s3xual reproduction contain the correct number of chromosomes. Meiosis also produces genetic variation by way of the process of recombination
What material is too important to ever leave the nucleus? A. DNA B. Protein. C. Ribosomes D. Chromosomes
A. DNA is too important to ever leave the nucleus.
DNA material is too important to ever leave the nucleus. Hence the correct option is A.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is a crucial molecule found within the nucleus of cells. It carries genetic information and instructions necessary for the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of living organisms. The information encoded in DNA determines an organism's traits, characteristics, and overall biological processes.
DNA's essential role in inheritance and cellular activities makes it too important to ever leave the nucleus. While other cellular components like proteins, ribosomes, and chromosomes are important, DNA is the primary genetic material that must remain securely stored within the nucleus.
Hence the correct option is A.
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Describe what corn, dogs, and genes have in common
describe the damage which you can see and effects of the damage on crops by insects pest .
Which of the following best describes prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Answer:
Prokaryotes - smaller, usually bacteria, unicellular, NO membranes
Eukaryotes - HAS membranes, complex organelles, plant/animal cells
Explanation:
Hope this helps!
Eukaryotes has been known as the creatures which are made up of the cells with membrane-bound organelles and the nucleus that contains DNA in the manner of chromosomes. Thus, option B is correct.
What are eukaryotes and prokaryotes?Prokaryotes and eukaryotes are the two classes into which all living things may be divided based on the basic makeup of their cells. Prokaryotes - smaller, usually bacteria, unicellular, NO membranes and Eukaryotes has the membranes, and the complex organelles, plant or animal cells.
Prokaryotes are the creatures that consisting of the cells that don't have the cell nuclei or any organelles that are enclosed in the membranes. It follows that prokaryotes' DNA is not contained within a nucleus.
Eukaryotic organisms can have several cells or only one cell. Eukaryotes make up all animal life. Protists, fungi, and plants are examples of additional eukaryotes.
Therefore, Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus, eukaryotes have a nucleus.
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The complete question will be
Which of the following best describes prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
O Prokaryotes have a nucleus and eukaryotes do not.
O Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus, eukaryotes have a nucleus.
Both have membrane-bound structures
Prokaryotes have membrane-bound structures and eukaryotes have free floating organelles
3. Did trilobites and dinosaurs live at the same time?
Explanation:
No! After the dinosaurs died out, nearly 65 million years passed before people appeared on Earth.
(06.03 MC)
Sickle cell anemia is known to run in a family. A pedigree chart for this family is shown below.
Parents
Offspring
What percentage of the offspring
are carriers of the disease but do not have it?
00%
O 25%
O 50%
© 100%
Based on the pedigree, the percentage of offspring who are carriers of sickle cell anemia is 50%.
What is sickle cell anemia?Sickle cell anemia is a disease of the red blood cells in which mutations in the haemoglobin results in inability of the red blood cells to carry oxygen efficiently to the cells.
Based on the pedigree chart, the carriers of sickle cell are those that are half shaded black.
Two out of four of the offspring are shaded this way.
Percentage = 2/4 × 100% = 50%.
Therefore, the percentage of offspring who are carriers is 50%.
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Which of these anthropoid groups consists of primates who are mostly tree dwellers and whose forelimbs and hind limbs are about equal in length?.
Answer:
this was sooooo long ago i forgot how to do this
Explanation:
1. Identify the different types of mediated and online communication channels. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each.
Mediated communication channels include telephone, letters, audio/video cassettes, radio, televisions, etc. while online communication channels websites, social media, E-mail, etc.
What do you mean by Mediated communication?Mediated communication may be defined as any circumstances where a technological medium is presented in face-to-face interaction.
Advantages of Mediated communication channels:
People can swap, store, edit, broadcast, and copy any written documents.Information can pass out to maximum people in a very short period of time. It requires less maintenance and cost.Disadvantages of Mediated communication channels:
It lacks true human contact.Sometimes false or fraudulent pieces of information spread that cause severe harm to people and their psychology. There may be an absence of any regulation or prevention of mishappening.Advantages of Online communication channels:
Cost-effective and supporting during unfavorable times. It promotes globalization.It has long-term productivity and efficiency.Disadvantages of Online communication channels:
It steals your privacy. It lacks a sense of humor, therefore, there's a big risk of misunderstanding.It lacks physical contact which must be more effective in any means.Therefore, it is well described above.
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Anna runs 5 km in 20 minutes. What is her speed in kilometers per hour?
Answer:
15 km/h
Explanation:
5 km in 20 min
5km is 5000m and 20 min is 20×60 =1200s
5000÷1200= 25÷6 m/s
To convert m/s to km/h we multiple by 18/5
25÷6×18÷5
15 km/h.
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Explain how placing cloned cells in nutrient broth to multiply relates to your overall goal of purifying the fluorescent protein
Placing cloned cells in nutrient broth to multiply relates to your overall goal because this favors the bacteria by providing an environment in which it can grow.
What is fluorescent protein?Generally, it part of a structurally homologous family of proteins that have the distinctive trait of being self-contained.
In conclusion, This favors the bacteria by providing an environment where growth, in order to encourage the production of more proteins for the study is possible.
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Why are the supraorbital height and thumb indexes important measurements in
comparing primates
The supraorbital height is an important measurement in comparing primates because they give information related to the size of the skull above the eyes.
What do you mean by Primates?Primates may be defined as those organisms which generally have flexible hands and feet with opposite first digits, good eyesight, and, in the higher apes, a highly developed brain.
As primates have an internal system, it is required to measure their skull size, thumb length, etc. So, the above techniques are used for measurement and comparison.
Therefore, it is well described above.
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what happened around 2.5 billion years ago that lead to a tremendous increase in the amount of oxygen in earths atmosphere?
Answer:
The Great Oxidation Event.
Explanation:
i hope this helps
In general, excess amounts of water-soluble vitamins are excreted via the.
In general, excess amounts of water-soluble vitamins are excreted via the urine.
Water-soluble vitamins are generally excreted through the urine. Water-soluble vitamins can easily combine with the urine and be excreted out of the body. Hence, they need to be taken on a regular basis.
What are vitamins?
Vitamins are necessary for the body as they play an important role in enzyme activity. Fat-soluble vitamins, such as vitamins A, D, E, and K, are present, and water-soluble vitamins, such as the vitamin B complex and vitamin C, are also present. Fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in body fat and used, but water-soluble vitamins can be lost through urine.
Water-soluble vitamins can be gotten from fruits such as oranges, etc. To avoid vitamin deficiency, they should be taken on a regular basis as they are lost. Vitamin C is important for collagen function. Fat-soluble vitamins can be gotten from plants and animals.
Hence, water-soluble vitamins are generally excreted through the urine as they can't be stored in the body.
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Sand dunes along the coast are formed of bare sand. Eventually, grasses take root on the dunes. Over
time, larger plants such as shrubs and trees are able to grow at the edge of the sand dune ecosystem.
This gradual change in plant communities of a sand dune ecosystem can result in -
A- reduced symbiotic relationship between producers and bacteria
B- reduced energy absorption by consumers
C- greater erosion rates
D- greater species diversity
The gradual change in plant communities of a sand dune ecosystem is an example of ecological succesion and can result in greater species diversity.
What is ecological succession?Ecological succession refers to the gradual changes that occurs in a habitat such that with time new species replace previous species or new species take over an envrionment that had no living organisms initially until a stable community of organisms is established.
There are two types of ecological succession;
primary succession secondary successionSuccession results in greater species diversity.
An example of succession is when species of organisms begin to live one previously care area such as in sand dunes.
Therefore, the gradual change in plant communities of a sand dune ecosystem can result in greater species diversity.
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PLEASE HELP!
Modeling Organ System Interactions:
Create a model.
a) On your poster, create a model that shows the circulatory and respiratory systems.
i. Keep in mind that the poster should show how the systems interact with each other
for the purpose of gas exchange (i.e., delivering oxygen to the body’s tissues and
removing carbon dioxide). This may influence how you choose to design your poster.
b) Label the main structures in each system that are involved in gas exchange.
i. Use one color to label the structures of the circulatory system and another color to
label the structures of the respiratory system.
c) Consider how the circulatory and respiratory systems work together to promote gas
exchange.
i. Use arrows to demonstrate the flow of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood through
This is physical work isn't it .So I guess you need to do it physically?
what does water do for the plant during germination
Answer:
Water is required for germination. Mature seeds are often extremely dry and need to take in significant amounts of...
Oxygen is required by the germinating seed for metabolism. Oxygen is used in aerobic respiration, the main source of the...
Temperature affects cellular metabolic and growth rates. Seeds from different species and even seeds from the same plant.
Explanation:
True or false plant cells use cellular respiration to get chemical energy from food. IXL LAST QUESTION HELP NOW
Answer: In mitochondria, through the process of cellular respiration breaks down sugar into energy that plant cells can use to live.
Explanation: true
Blood glucose begin to increase after a meal. As a result, glucagon levels must _________ while insulin levels must ________ in order to maintain metabolic homeostasis.
If glucose begin to increase after a meal, glucagon levels must decrease while insulin levels must increase in order to maintain metabolic homeostasis.
What is homeostasis?Homeostasis is the process by which a stable internal environment is maintained irrespective of the changes in external conditions.
The regulation of sugar level in the blood is one of the homeostatic responses. Insulin and glucagon are two hormones used to perform this task of blood sugar regulation.
Insulin is an hormone that reduces blood sugar level by stimulating the conversion of excess sugar to glycogen.Glucagon, on the other hand, increases blood sugar by converting glycogen back to sugar.Therefore, if glucose begin to increase after a meal, glucagon levels must decrease while insulin levels must increase in order to maintain metabolic homeostasis.
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The sympathetic axons extend to which blood vessels of the kidney?.
Answer:
The hilus is the point of entry and exit of the renal arteries and veins, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and the enlarged upper extension of the ureters.
Electricity can be transformed into heat , light , sound energy as well as energy in motion . Which energy transformation is most likely seen in the picture below
The energy transformation which is most likely seen in the picture is chemical to electrical to light energy.
What do you mean by Energy Transformation?Energy transformation may be defined as the process that converts energy from one type into another the other.
In this picture, a battery or a cell lights a bulb, first energy transformation takes place in the battery, and then in the bulb. Battery undergoes energy transformation from chemical to electrical, then bulb converts electrical into the light.
Therefore, the energy transformation which is most likely seen in the picture is chemical to electrical to light energy.
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When you ice skate, the heat generated by the blade of the skate rubbing against the ice causes some of the ice right under the blade to melt. This water acts like a lubricant under the skate that allows the skate to slide.What causes the ice to melt under the blade?
pls help
The local police have provided you with some missing persons reports. Look at the information for each missing person and compare it to your findings. Could the bones belong to any of these missing persons? If so, which ones, and why? Keep in mind that 1 inch = 2.54 cm. (2-3 sentences)
John Green
Age: 22
Height: 5 ft. 11 in.
: Male
Features: Recent break in left radius
Tiffany Brown
Age: 29
Height: 5 ft. 3 in.
: Female
Features: None
Linda White
Age: 71
Height: 5 ft. 6 in.
: Female
Features: Osteoarthritis in joints
Bob Black
Age: 31
Height: 6 ft. 2 in.
: Male
Features: None
what is considered to be incomplete dominance?
The deciphering of the genetic code was made possible by which two advancements in technology?.
The two advancements in technology that made the deciphering of the genetic code possible are given below:
The capability to form proteins from RNA in cell-free systems. The capability to form RNA molecules with a specified sequence. What do you mean by Genetic code?Genetic code may be defined as the arrangement of nucleotides in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) that distinguishes the amino acid sequence of proteins.
Proteins are synthesized by RNA molecules by the process of translation in the cytoplasm of the cell. On the other hand, RNA molecules get synthesized by the process of transcription in the nucleus of the cell itself.
Therefore, it is well described.
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What would the population density of whitetail deer in an area be if you had 60 deer living in a 30 acre area.
Which of these glands produce a hormone that maintains the balance of calcium and phosphorus in the blood?.
Answer:
It is called Parathyroid hormone
Parathyroid hormone, also called parathormone or parathyrin, is a peptide hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that regulates the serum calcium concentration through its effects on bone, kidney, and intestine.
_____ are chemical mechanisms that start a reaction.
Centrioles
Vacuoles
Activators
Inhibitors
Activators are chemical mechanisms that start a reaction.