Summative assessments are evaluations that are carried out at the end of a given period, either a week, a month, or even a semester, to gauge the level of learning that has been attained. They are mostly objective, however, they may also be subjective.
Here are three different types of summative assessments other than formal quizzes and tests that could be used to measure learning outcomes:
1. Performance assessment- Performance assessment is a form of summative assessment where the student is asked to carry out a particular task to demonstrate their ability. It is an assessment method that can be used to gauge the students’ understanding of a particular concept. This type of assessment is usually hands-on, thus, it's used to evaluate the student’s knowledge of a particular subject by asking them to carry out practical tasks related to the subject.
2. Presentations assessment- A presentation is a form of summative assessment that is carried out in a more formal setting. The student is usually given a topic to prepare and present in front of the class. It is a type of evaluation that is commonly used in higher education to gauge the student’s level of learning. The presenter is assessed based on their level of preparedness, level of confidence, delivery skills, the accuracy of the content, and the quality of their research.
3. Portfolio assessment- This type of assessment involves students creating a collection of their work which is then evaluated by the instructor. The portfolio could be anything that the student has created that shows their understanding of the subject. It could include artwork, research projects, essays, among others.
The instructor will then evaluate the portfolio and grade it based on the level of understanding that has been demonstrated in the student’s work.
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Topic: Robots in Grocery Stores.
Read the following articles in the Wall Street Journal website or from other sources and answer the questions below.
How Al is Making Supermarkets Less Exhausting 且 PDF document
Why has inventory management become more challenging to retailers these days?
2. What tasks do the robots perform in grocery stores where they are deployed?
Inventory management has become more challenging to retailers these days because of the increasing complexity of the product mix. It has become more challenging for retailers to understand which products are moving the fastest and where they should be stocked.
Robots help alleviate this issue by keeping track of what products are moving quickly and what products are not. This information can then be used to help retailers make better decisions on how to stock their shelves and what products to promote. Additionally, robots can also help with tasks such as stocking shelves, cleaning floors, and even helping customers find products they are looking for.
Robots perform various tasks in grocery stores where they are deployed. For example, robots are used to perform inventory management tasks, such as keeping track of stock levels and alerting store associates when certain products are running low. They can also help with tasks such as restocking shelves and cleaning floors.
Some robots are even equipped with artificial intelligence (AI) technology, which allows them to interact with customers and help them find the products they are looking for. These robots can answer questions about product availability, pricing, and other related information. Overall, robots in grocery stores help to streamline operations and improve the customer experience.
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Why do so many business firms have employee compensation and benefit programs? Identify and describe some of the usual benefits.
Many business firms have employee compensation and benefit programs for several reasons.
Firstly, these programs help attract and retain talented employees. Offering competitive compensation and benefits can make a company more appealing to potential employees, and can also help retain current employees by providing them with a sense of security and satisfaction in their job.
Secondly, employee compensation and benefit programs can improve employee morale and motivation. When employees feel that they are being fairly compensated for their work and have access to benefits that support their well-being, they are more likely to be motivated, engaged, and productive.
Thirdly, these programs can help enhance employee loyalty and commitment to the organization. By offering benefits such as health insurance, retirement plans, and paid time off, companies demonstrate their commitment to the well-being and long-term success of their employees.
Some of the usual benefits offered by business firms include:
1. Health insurance: This covers medical expenses and can include coverage for doctor visits, hospital stays, prescription drugs, and more.
2. Retirement plans: These programs help employees save for their future and often include options such as 401(k) plans or pensions.
3. Paid time off: This includes vacation days, sick leave, and holidays, providing employees with the opportunity to rest, recharge, and take care of personal matters.
4. Flexible work arrangements: This can include options like remote work, flextime, or compressed workweeks, allowing employees to have a better work-life balance.
5. Employee assistance programs: These programs offer resources and support for employees facing personal or work-related challenges, such as counseling services or financial assistance.
Overall, employee compensation and benefit programs are crucial for attracting, motivating, and retaining employees, and for fostering a positive and productive work environment.
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-Compliment Letter AUDIENCE: The manager or supervisor of the company to whom you wish to address FORMAT: Block business letter format (with modifications), standa
A compliment letter is a type of business letter used to express appreciation and gratitude to someone or a company for their excellent work or services.
The letter should be written in block business letter format with modifications and be professional, courteous, and concise. Here are some tips for writing a good compliment letter: Start with a brief introduction: Begin by introducing yourself and how you know the company or person you're writing to. Be clear and concise. Explain why you're writing: Explain the reason for the letter.
If you're complimenting a company, state what you appreciate about their service.
In conclusion, writing a good compliment letter requires a professional and courteous tone, specific details, and a positive note. Remember, the goal is to express appreciation, not to complain. A well-written compliment letter can make a difference and motivate the recipient to continue providing excellent service.
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Conduct research regarding the law or legal issues affecting operational policies as related to supply chain and logistics.
Prepare a formal business report for your current supervisor (or a past supervisor). This report will compare and contrast how a specific law or legal issue affects operational policies through supply chain and logistics considerations. Your report should be completed as if being prepared for your current employer, or a previous employer.
If law or legal issues affecting operational policies as related to supply chain and logistics is not a topic of consideration for your current or past organization, complete this assignment as if you did work for an organization for which law or legal issues were relevant.
Your answer should be at least 500 words in length (double-spaced).
In today's world, supply chain and logistics have become an essential aspect of the business. They are crucial for the success of any business, and it is essential to ensure that they are operating smoothly.
Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research regarding the law or legal issues affecting operational policies as related to supply chain and logistics.The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) is one such legal issue that affects operational policies through supply chain and logistics considerations. It is a comprehensive set of laws that govern commercial transactions in the United States.
In conclusion, the UCC and the FMCSA regulations are just a few examples of legal issues that can affect operational policies through supply chain and logistics considerations. It is essential to ensure that organizations comply with these laws and regulations to ensure that they operate smoothly. The law or legal issue affecting operational policies through supply chain and logistics considerations is a vital aspect of any organization, and it is essential to stay informed and up-to-date on the latest developments.
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In this module, you reviewed many of the different factors that influence the pricing process. One aspect of the pricing process is the brand image and the brand equity related to the product . Explain how these two items may influence the price you can establish for your product as it relates to your Team Project - Eco Friendly Hybrid Campers.
What do you think your brand image is in terms of quality and value to your consumer? Are you high-end, low-end or in-between? Explain as it relates to your major competitor.
Given the image you want to project and where you are in the Product Life Cycle (studied in previous modules), what type of pricing scheme do you think you should use (e.g., prestige pricing, penetration pricing, skimming pricing, bundle pricing, odd-even, value, etc.)? Why will this scheme work best for your target market?
What do you think your final price might be for this product? Provide a realistic range and discuss why.
For a Team Project - Eco Friendly Hybrid Campers, the brand image is one of high quality and innovative sustainability.
We position ourselves as a premium option in the market, focusing on eco-conscious consumers who value both performance and environmental responsibility. In comparison to our major competitor, we differentiate by offering advanced hybrid technology and superior craftsmanship.
Given our brand image and the early stages of the Product Life Cycle, a skimming pricing strategy aligns with our approach. This approach capitalizes on the unique features of our product while recovering initial R&D costs. The target market, comprising environmentally conscious adventurers, is likely willing to pay a premium for our offerings.
Final pricing could range from $35,000 to $40,000. This range factors in the premium brand perception, advanced technology, and eco-friendly features. It ensures profitability while appealing to our target market's willingness to pay for a high-quality, sustainable camping solution.
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An asset with high risk must also have a high return." Is this statement true or false? a)True b)False 2.There are 3 steps to diversifying. Capital allocation is the first step." Is this statement true or false? a)True b)False
The statement is generally true. When it comes to investing, assets that carry a higher level of risk often have the potential for higher returns. This relationship between risk and return is known as the risk-return tradeoff. However, it is important to note that this relationship is not always guaranteed, as there are instances where high-risk assets may not yield high returns.
Question 2:
The statement is false. While diversification is indeed a strategy used to reduce risk in investment portfolios, it typically involves more than three steps. Capital allocation is just one aspect of diversification, and it involves deciding how to distribute funds among different investment assets. The other steps typically include asset allocation, which involves choosing different types of assets, and portfolio construction, which involves selecting specific investments within each asset class.
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The Islamic finance industry aspires to offer an ethical and
stable financial system.
Select one:
True
False
While the Islamic finance industry aims to provide an ethical financial system, it does not guarantee a stable financial system on its own. Therefore, statement is False.
The statement is false. While the Islamic finance industry does aim to provide an ethical financial system, it does not necessarily guarantee a stable financial system. Islamic finance is guided by principles derived from Islamic law (Shariah), which prohibits interest (usury) and promotes profit-sharing and risk-sharing arrangements. This means that financial transactions must adhere to specific ethical guidelines, such as avoiding investments in industries related to alcohol, gambling, or pork products.
While the ethical principles of Islamic finance may contribute to stability in certain aspects, such as discouraging excessive risk-taking and promoting fair distribution of wealth, it does not guarantee immunity from financial crises or economic downturns. The stability of a financial system is influenced by various factors, including macroeconomic conditions, regulatory frameworks, and market dynamics, which are not solely determined by the ethical nature of financial transactions.
Therefore, while the Islamic finance industry aims to provide an ethical financial system, it does not guarantee a stable financial system on its own. The stability of any financial system requires a comprehensive approach encompassing multiple factors and mechanisms.
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Data collected on the yearly registrations for a Six Sigma seminar at the Quality College are shown in the following table: a) Develop a 3-year moving average to forecast registrations from year 4 to year 12. b) Estimate demand again for years 4 to 12 with a 3-year weighted moving average in which registrations in the most recent year are given a weight of 2 , and registrations in the other 2 years are each given a weight of 1 . c) Graph the original data and the two forecasts. Which of the two forecasting methods seems better?
a) 3-year moving average (to forecast registrations from year 4 to year 12):
A moving average is used to forecast trends. A moving average is an arithmetic average that shifts as new data becomes available. It's crucial to choose a period that is both manageable and appropriate for the pattern's complexity.
For Year 4, the moving average will be calculated as follows:
moving average = (Q1 + Q2 + Q3) / 3
= (155 + 170 + 180) / 3
= 168.33
For Year 5, the moving average will be calculated as follows:
moving average = (Q2 + Q3 + Q4) / 3
= (170 + 180 + 200) / 3
= 183.33
Similarly, a moving average is determined for the remaining years, as shown in the table below:
Year Moving Average= 4145+50+60/3
=5185.3352150+60+75/3
=6288.3353155+170+180/3
=168.3354180+200+225/3
=201.3355170+180+210/3
=186.3356180+215+240/3
=211.3357200+225+260/3
=228.3358200+220+245/3
=221.3359180+190+220/3
=196.3321/3
b) 3-year weighted moving average:
In a 3-year weighted moving average, the most recent year's data is given a weight of 2, while the other two years' data are each given a weight of 1.
To forecast the registrations from Year 4 to Year 12, the 3-year weighted moving average can be calculated as follows:
Year Registration Weighted Average=4215(1) + 50(1) + 60(2)
= 1954220(1) + 60(2) + 75(1)
= 2154235(2) + 170(1) + 180(1)
= 7652240(1) + 200(1) + 225(2)
= 8902250(1) + 180(2) + 210(1)
= 5702265(2) + 215(1) + 240(1)
= 8902275(1) + 225(1) + 260(2)
= 1000220(2) + 245(1) + 200(1)
= 6652285(1) + 220(2) + 190(1)
= 620
c) The given table and both forecasts were graphed below:
In comparison to the original data, the 3-year moving average seems to smooth out the fluctuations in the data and provides a moderate forecast of future registrations. The 3-year weighted moving average takes into account more recent data, resulting in a forecast that fluctuates more in response to changes in registration patterns. Since the 3-year moving average seems to be more consistent in predicting registrations, it appears to be the better method for predicting registration.
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The inventory model should be used when the goal is to find the optimal amount to manufacture or order, when there is uncertainty in the amount of product that will be demanded, and when any excess inventory not sold within a reasonable time frame will be disposed of in some form. A. Newsvendor B. Reorder Point / Safety Stock O C. EPQ O D. EOQ
The inventory model is used when the goal is to find the optimal amount to manufacture or order, when there is uncertainty in the amount of product that will be demanded, and when any excess inventory not sold within a reasonable time frame will be disposed of in some form.
The objective of the inventory model is to identify an optimal order quantity that will minimize the total cost of inventory, including ordering costs and holding costs. Inventory models can be classified into several types based on the purpose of the model. One of them is the EOQ or Economic Order Quantity model. The EOQ model is an inventory model that determines the optimal order quantity to minimize the total inventory costs. It is useful when there is a constant demand rate and a fixed cost of placing an order. The assumptions of the EOQ model include the constant demand rate, fixed cost of placing an order, fixed cost of holding inventory, and instantaneous delivery. Other types of inventory models include the newsvendor model and the reorder point/safety stock model. In the newsvendor model, the goal is to determine the optimal order quantity when there is uncertainty in the demand for a perishable product.
The reorder point/safety stock model, on the other hand, is used to determine the optimal level of safety stock to ensure that the demand can be met even when there is uncertainty in the lead time or demand.
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On 4 April 2020 Kofi Mensah's received his bank statements for the month ended 31 March 2020. The bank statement showed a balance of GHé450,000 (overdraft) as at 31 March whilst the cash book showed a balance of GH¢1,660,000 (debit) as at that date. Upon examination of the cash book and the bank statement the following were discovered: Bank charges of GHe 184,000 had not been recorded in the cash book. The debit side of the cash account had been undercast by GH 200,000 The total on the receipts side of the cash account of GHé 2,475,000 had been forward as GH 4, 275,000. A cheque received by Mensah for GHe 220,000 had bounced. Bank charges of GHe 184,000 had been omitted from the cash account. Unpresented cheques totalled GH 520,000 and uncleared lodgement GH 626,000 Required: i) Prepare the adjusted cash book for the month of March 2020. (8 marks) ii) Prepare a statement on 31 March 2020 reconciling the adjusted cash book with the bank statement balance. (6 marks) iii) Explain TWO (2) reasons for preparing bank reconciliation on regular basis. (2 marks) b) A petty cash book is created to facilitate small payments in a business or organisation. It is meant to meet the day to day expenses and it is entrusted into the hands of the petty cashier. Required: Prepare a brief note to Kofi Mensah explaining how the petty cash book operates.
i) Adjusted Cash Book for the Month of March 2020
Cash Book 1,660,000Balance b/f 450,000Payments: Sales 4,275,000 Cheque 220,000Bank interest 32,000 Bank charges 184,000Other receipts 169,000 Standing order 386,0001,931,000 790,000 Balance c/d 1,460,0002,391,000 2,240,000ii) Reconciliation Statement for Kofi Mensah on 31 March 2020 Balance as per bank statement GH¢ 450,000
Add: Represented cheques GH¢ 520,000
Less: Uncleared lodgements GH¢ 626,000
Adjusted balance as per bank statement GH¢ 344,000
Balance as per Cash Book GH¢ 1,460,000
Less: Bank charges not yet entered GH¢ 184,000
Cheque returned by bank GH¢ 220,000
Corrected balance on cash book GH¢ 1,056,000 Difference (overdraft) GH¢ 712,000
Reasons for preparing bank reconciliation on a regular basis are:
To verify whether all transactions relating to the cash account have been recorded in the bank statement.
To confirm whether all transactions relating to the bank account have been recorded in the cash account.
To know the actual balance in the bank account.
To detect and rectify errors or omissions in the cash book.
To reconcile the differences that exist between the cash book and the bank statement.To check and confirm that cheques issued but not presented have been recorded.
To ascertain the causes of unprecedented cheques and uncleared lodgements so that appropriate action may be taken.
To detect fraud or forgery by a third party. To ensure that there is no misappropriation of funds.
b) Petty Cash Book: The petty cash book is used to make payments for small and frequent expenses such as carriage, postage, stationery, minor repairs, etc. The following points are important to note about the petty cash book:
It is maintained by the petty cashier of the company.
It is kept in an imprest system meaning it is a fixed amount for a particular period of time.
It is generally a small notebook with columns such as date, details of payment, voucher number, amount, and the running balance.
The cashier is responsible for keeping a record of the transactions of petty cash expenditures made during the period and at the end of the period, the balance in the book is counted and compared with the amount of cash in hand.
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Identify three key principles leaders must embrace and the impact on leading a successful food service operation to improve product and service for internal and external customers
Effective leadership in the food service industry requires embracing teamwork, communication, and continuous improvement, leading to improved products and services for both internal and external customers.
The food service industry, like any other industry, needs good leaders to be successful. Leaders in the food service industry should embrace the following three key principles to improve the product and service for internal and external customers:
1. Teamwork: Leaders must embrace teamwork as a principle to make their business successful. In a food service operation, teamwork is vital as it takes more than one person to prepare and deliver a meal. A successful leader must ensure that everyone in their team understands their responsibilities and duties to improve the quality of products and services.
2. Communication: Another critical principle is communication. Leaders should communicate with their staff members, suppliers, customers, and stakeholders. Open communication will ensure that everyone is on the same page and will help prevent misunderstandings that could have a negative impact on the operation.
3. Continuous Improvement: A successful leader should embrace continuous improvement to improve the quality of products and services. It includes setting realistic goals and objectives and seeking ways to improve the business. To do this, a leader must evaluate the operation regularly, identifying areas that require improvement and ensuring that their employees are well-trained to meet the changing demands of the customers.
Embracing these principles will have a significant impact on leading a successful food service operation. When employees work together as a team and communicate effectively, they will produce quality products and services that meet the customers' expectations. A food service operation that embraces continuous improvement will be able to adapt to the changing market demands, which is essential to the long-term success of the business.
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The fact that generally accepted accounting principles allow companies flexibility in choosing between certain allocation methods can make it difficult for a financial analyst to compare periodic performance from firm to firm.
Suppose you were a financial analyst trying to compare the performance of two companies. Company A uses the double-declining-balance depreciation method. Company B uses the straight-line method. You have the following information taken from the 12/31/18 year-end financial statements for Company B:
Income Statement Depreciation expense $ 10,000 Balance Sheet Assets: Plant and equipment, at cost $ 200,000 Less: Accumulated depreciation (40,000 ) Net $ 160,000 You also determine that all of the assets constituting the plant and equipment of Company B were acquired at the same time, and that all of the $200,000 represents depreciable assets. Also, all of the depreciable assets have the same useful life and residual values are zero.
Required:
1. In order to compare performance with Company A, estimate what B's depreciation expense would have been for 2015 through 2018 if the double-declining-balance depreciation method had been used by Company B since acquisition of the depreciable assets.
2. If Company B decided to switch depreciation methods in 2018 from the straight line to the double-declining-balance method, prepare the 2018 journal entry to record depreciation for the year, assuming no journal entry for depreciation in 2018 has yet been recorded
Company B estimated depreciation expenses for 2015-2018 using double-declining-balance method: 2015: $100,000, 2016: $50,000, 2017: $25,000, 2018: $12,500. In 2018, a journal entry recorded a $2,500 increase in depreciation expense.
1. To estimate Company B's depreciation expense for 2015 through 2018 using the double-declining-balance method, we need to determine the depreciation rate and apply it to the depreciable assets.
First, calculate the straight-line depreciation rate:
Depreciation rate = 1 / Useful life = 1 / (2018 - 2015 + 1) = 1/4 = 0.25
Next, calculate the double-declining-balance depreciation rate:
Depreciation rate = 2 * Straight-line depreciation rate = 2 * 0.25 = 0.5
Now, apply the double-declining-balance method to each year:
2015: Depreciation expense = Beginning book value * Depreciation rate = $200,000 * 0.5 = $100,000
2016: Depreciation expense = (Beginning book value - Accumulated depreciation of previous year) * Depreciation rate = ($200,000 - $100,000) * 0.5 = $50,000
2017: Depreciation expense = (Beginning book value - Accumulated depreciation of previous year) * Depreciation rate = ($200,000 - $150,000) * 0.5 = $25,000
2018: Depreciation expense = (Beginning book value - Accumulated depreciation of previous year) * Depreciation rate = ($200,000 - $175,000) * 0.5 = $12,500
Therefore, if Company B had used the double-declining-balance depreciation method, the estimated depreciation expenses for 2015 through 2018 would have been:
2015: $100,000
2016: $50,000
2017: $25,000
2018: $12,500
2. To record the depreciation for 2018 when Company B switches from the straight-line to the double-declining-balance method, we need to calculate the difference between the depreciation expense under both methods and make the appropriate journal entry.
Depreciation expense under the straight-line method for 2018 is $10,000 (as given in the information).
Depreciation expense under the double-declining-balance method for 2018 is $12,500 (as calculated in question 1).
Therefore, the difference is $12,500 - $10,000 = $2,500, which represents an increase in depreciation expense.
The journal entry to record the depreciation for 2018 would be as follows:
Debit: Depreciation expense $2,500
Credit: Accumulated depreciation $2,500
This entry recognizes the increase in depreciation expense and updates the accumulated depreciation account accordingly.
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In early 2011, the city of Seattle, Washington changed rates for on-street parking. All results here
are based on automatic transaction data from parking pay stations obtained before and after that
rate change. The parking rate changes were based on performance-based pricing where rates
were increased, decreased, or not changed in neighborhoods with occupancy levels higher than,
lower than, or within a pre-determined level. This data was used to calculate price elasticity by
time of day for on-street parking demand and incorporates neighborhood characteristics to
determine how on-street parking demand responds to price changes. The relationship between
pricing and parking turnover, the amount of time parked, and total revenue generated for the city
will be discussed.
Term definitions:
Parking turnover: average total number of vehicles that are parked on a weekday within a certain
time-period (e.g., in a day or for an hour).
Parking duration: average time vehicles are parked.
Parking revenues: average total parking revenues per day.
New Parking Rates
In February to April 2011, a change in the regulation of on-street parking in Seattle was implemented
which resulted into both an increase and a decrease of hourly parking rates in some neighborhoods.
The new rates and the parking price change in each neighborhood can be seen in Figure 2. In total,
four neighborhoods saw an increase in parking rates; six neighborhoods saw a decrease; and four
were unchanged. The rate change you see in the figure represents the change in dollars, for
example in the commercial core the rate increased by $1.50 to $4.00 per hour after the 2011 rate
change from its prior rate of $2.50 per hour.
Seattle is a city that had made changes to its on-street parking rates. The changes were implemented in February to April 2011. The rates were adjusted by performance-based pricing. The rates were either decreased, increased, or not changed based on the neighborhood's occupancy level, which was predetermined.
This resulted in the calculation of price elasticity by time of day for on-street parking demand. This data incorporated neighborhood characteristics to determine how on-street parking demand responds to price changes.
The terms, parking turnover, parking duration, and parking revenues are defined below
Parking Turnover: The average total number of vehicles parked on a weekday within a specific time period, such as in a day or for an hour.
Parking Duration: The average time a vehicle is parked.
Parking Revenues: The average total parking revenues per day.
Figure 2 illustrates the new rates and parking price changes that occurred in Seattle's four neighborhoods. The hourly parking rates increased and decreased in various neighborhoods. There was an increase in parking rates in four neighborhoods and a decrease in six neighborhoods, and four remained unchanged.
For instance, the rate in the commercial core was increased by $1.50 per hour from $2.50 per hour to $4.00 per hour after the 2011 rate change.
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Problem 2 You are planning to purchase a 12-month American call option contract on stock of the Canadian apparel company Canadian Goose (Ticker: GOOS). Canadian Goose's stock closed yesterday at CAD $22.64. You plan on buying a call with strike price CAD 20 and observe a price of 2.40 in the market.
(a) Show that the option price violates the call option bounds.
(b) Develop a arbitrage strategy using exactly one option contract. What is your arbitrage
profit?
a.The option price violates the call option bounds, indicating a potential arbitrage opportunity.
b. By implementing a short selling strategy and buying the underpriced call option, an arbitrage profit of CAD $0.24 per option contract can be achieved.
(a) To show that the option price violates the call option bounds, we can compare the option price to the intrinsic value of the option.
The intrinsic value of a call option is the maximum of zero or the difference between the stock price and the strike price. In this case, the intrinsic value would be max(0, CAD $22.64 - CAD $20) = CAD $2.64.
Since the option price in the market is CAD $2.40, which is less than the intrinsic value of CAD $2.64, it violates the lower bound of the call option. According to the bounds of call options, the option price should be greater than or equal to the intrinsic value.
(b) To develop an arbitrage strategy, we can consider the following steps:
Sell short one share of Canadian Goose stock at CAD $22.64.
Buy one call option contract at CAD $2.40.
Invest the proceeds from short selling the stock at the risk-free rate.
At expiration, there are two possible scenarios:
(i) If the stock price is above the strike price of CAD $20, the call option will be exercised and you will have to sell the stock at CAD $20. However, you already sold the stock short at CAD $22.64, resulting in a profit of CAD $2.64.
(ii) If the stock price is below the strike price, the call option will expire worthless, and you can buy back the stock at the lower price to cover your short position.
In both scenarios, you will make a profit of CAD $2.64 - CAD $2.40 = CAD $0.24 per option contract. Since you used one option contract, your arbitrage profit would be CAD $0.24.
This arbitrage strategy allows you to make a riskless profit by exploiting the mispricing of the option.
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You have been approached by your friend, an aspiring entrepreneur that wants to get into the tourism/hospitality industry. They are trying to decide whether or not to get into the hotel business, or restaurant business. To help your friend, you will explain the following: 1) Explain the key distinctions for restaurant vs. hotel operations, along with some challenges for each enterprise. 2) Explain the pros and cons (compare \& contrast) of franchise model for both restaurants and hotels.
The hospitality industry is a vast industry that caters to various sub-industries such as hotels, resorts, and restaurants. In the tourism and hospitality industry, hotels and restaurants are two sub-industries that people often associate with hospitality.
Entrepreneurs who aspire to enter the industry need to weigh the pros and cons of the restaurant and hotel businesses to determine which option suits their interests, resources, and skills better. Therefore, this paper aims to compare and contrast the restaurant and hotel businesses, their operations, challenges, and franchise models.
1) Key distinctions for restaurant vs. hotel operations Restaurants and hotels have unique operations, which are influenced by their business models. For instance, restaurants focus on serving food, while hotels provide accommodation.
2) Pros and cons of franchise model for both restaurants and hotels Franchising is a business model that enables entrepreneurs to use the name, logo, and brand of an existing business entity to start and run a new business in the same line of operation.
Similarly, in the hotel business, franchising offers advantages such as instant brand recognition, access to the franchisor's support systems, shared marketing expenses, and economies of scale.
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In his 2008 article titled "The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy", Porter describes the importance of properly defining the industry in which a firm competes. He points out that often managers define competition too _________.
Question 6 options: narrowly
quickly
broadly
vagely
In his 2008 article titled "The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy," Porter describes the importance of properly defining the industry in which a firm competes. He points out that often managers define competition too narrowly.
To define competition too narrowly implies that a company's managers concentrate their attention too much on direct competitors. They may, for example, believe that their firm only competes with companies that sell the same or comparable goods or services as they do.
As a result, they ignore the wider context in which their company operates and may overlook potential opportunities and threats. They may also fail to understand the market's underlying forces, which may undermine their competitive advantage.
In summary, Porter stresses the importance of a company's managers recognizing the different aspects of the industry in which they compete, including direct and indirect competitors, suppliers, buyers, and substitute products.
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A.
The demand for a agribusiness monoposonist is P = 100 - 0.25Q, the average expenditure is: AE = 0.5Q and the marginal expenditure is: ME = Q, where the quantity is in thousand units. The monopsonist will purchase how many thousand units?
Group of answer choices
A. 80
B. 48
C. 26
D. 64
The monopsonist will purchase 64 thousand units.
To determine the quantity of units the monopsonist will purchase, we need to find the equilibrium point where the average expenditure (AE) equals the marginal expenditure (ME).
Given that AE = 0.5Q and ME = Q, we can set the equations equal to each other and solve for Q:
0.5Q = Q
Simplifying the equation, we get:
0.5Q - Q = 0
-0.5Q = 0
Q = 0 / -0.5
Q = 0
Since the quantity cannot be zero in this context, we need to consider the alternative equilibrium point where the demand function intersects the marginal expenditure.
The demand function is P = 100 - 0.25Q, and the marginal expenditure is Q. Setting these two equal, we have:
100 - 0.25Q = Q
Simplifying the equation, we get:
100 = 1.25Q
Q = 100 / 1.25
Q = 80
Therefore, the monopsonist will purchase 80 thousand units, which corresponds to option A.
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A decrease in money supply growth will cause the: The current Chairman of the Federal Reserve is:
Answer: A decrease in money supply growth will cause the:
Interest rates to rise. This is because there will be less money available to lend, which will drive up the cost of borrowing.
Explanation:
A decrease in money supply growth will cause the:
Interest rates to rise. This is because there will be less money available to lend, which will drive up the cost of borrowing.
Investment and spending to slow down. This is because businesses and consumers will be less likely to borrow money to invest or spend, which will dampen economic activity.
Inflation to fall. This is because there will be less money in circulation to drive up prices.
The current Chairman of the Federal Reserve is Jerome Powell. He was appointed by President Donald Trump in 2018 and has been serving in that role since February 5, 2018.
Here are some additional details about the Federal Reserve and its role in the economy:
The Federal Reserve is the central bank of the United States. It is responsible for setting monetary policy, which is the rate at which banks lend money to each other.
The Federal Reserve also regulates the banking system and oversees the financial markets.
The Federal Reserve's goal is to promote economic stability and maximum employment.
The Federal Reserve uses a variety of tools to influence the money supply and interest rates. These tools include:
Open market operations: The Federal Reserve can buy or sell government securities in the open market. This increases or decreases the amount of money in circulation.
The discount rate: The Federal Reserve sets the discount rate, which is the interest rate that banks charge each other for short-term loans.
Reserve requirements: The Federal Reserve sets the reserve requirement, which is the percentage of deposits that banks must hold in reserve.
The Federal Reserve's actions can have a significant impact on the economy. For example, if the Federal Reserve increases the money supply, it can lead to lower interest rates, which can encourage investment and spending. This can lead to economic growth. Conversely, if the Federal Reserve decreases the money supply, it can lead to higher interest rates, which can discourage investment and spending. This can lead to economic slowdown.
Regards
When liquidating a company, the first step of the process is to: Sell all non-cash assets and record a gain/loss, if any. Sell all assets, record a gain/loss, if any, and allocate the gain/loss to the partners. Pay all liabilities. Sell all assets and record a gain/loss, if any.
When liquidating a company, the first step of the process is to sell all non-cash assets and record a gain/loss, if any.
Liquidating involves converting the company's assets into cash to pay off its liabilities and distributing any remaining funds to the partners or shareholders. The first step is to sell all assets and determine if there is a gain or loss on each asset. By selling the assets, the company can convert them into cash, which will be used to settle liabilities and distribute funds to the partners or shareholders.
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Consider the following scenario: "Allen, Bob, and Cathy live in the ABC apartment. The door lock was broken on Monday and Cathy paid 100 NTD to hire a locksmith (顉匠) to restore the lock. "Who is (are) the free-rider(s) in the scenario? (A) Allen. (B) Allen and Bob. (C) Cathy. (D) Cathy and the locksmith.
The free-rider(s) in the scenario is/are (B) Allen and Bob.
In the given scenario, Cathy paid 100 NTD to hire a locksmith to restore the broken door lock. A free-rider is someone who benefits from a public good or service without contributing their fair share. In this case, Allen and Bob are the free-riders because they benefited from the restored lock without bearing any financial responsibility.
Since Cathy paid the entire cost of hiring the locksmith, Allen and Bob did not contribute any funds towards the repair, yet they still benefit from the functioning lock. Therefore, (B) Allen and Bob are the free-riders in this scenario.
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"Allen and Bob are the free-rider(s) in the scenario
In the given scenario, the free-rider(s) are the individual(s) who benefit from a shared resource or service without contributing their fair share.
In this case, the shared resource is the restored door lock, and the cost of hiring the locksmith was borne by Cathy alone.
From the information provided, we can identify Allen and Bob as the free-riders. They benefit from the restored lock without contributing financially towards its restoration.
Therefore, the correct answer is (B) Allen and Bob.
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Consider the distribution of a discrete variable X whose cumulative distribution function is given by F(x)= ⎩
⎨
⎧
0,
0.19,
0.523,
1,
x<12
12≤x<34
34≤x<46
46≤x
Enter below the mean of this distribution.
To find the mean of the distribution of a discrete variable X whose cumulative distribution function is given by `F(x)` we use the following formula:mean=`∑xP(x)`where `x` is the value of the discrete variable and `P(x)` is the probability of `x`.
First, we need to calculate the probability for each interval. For `x < 12`, the probability is `F(12) - F(0) = 0.19 - 0 = 0.19`.For `12 ≤ x < 34`, the probability is `F(34) - F(12) = 0.523 - 0.19 = 0.333`.For `34 ≤ x < 46`, the probability is `F(46) - F(34) = 1 - 0.523 = 0.477`.For `x ≥ 46`, the probability is `1 - F(46) = 1 - 1 = 0`.Now we can calculate the mean:`mean = (0)(0.19) + (23)(0.333) + (40)(0.477) + (46)(0) = 11.821`Therefore, the mean of this distribution is `11.821`.
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Discuss a personal experience related to conflict of interest or conflict of loyalty. (State your situation clearly) In your response clearly identify how you made your decision to define whether your personal ethical issue is related to conflict of interest or loyalty by referring to concepts learnt under this course. What should be your ethical response to this situation
In my previous workplace, I encountered a personal experience related to conflict of interest. I was in a managerial position responsible for promoting a certain product for the company. The company offered a range of products to choose from, and we were supposed to choose one product to promote. The product I chose was a high-quality product that came at a higher price compared to other products offered by the company.
Among my employees, I had a friend who had a small business selling a product that was similar to the one I had chosen. I knew that if I promoted my chosen product, my friend’s business would be negatively affected. I was torn between my loyalty to my friend and my duty to my employer. I was also worried about my own interests as a manager who wanted to achieve targets and maintain good relations with the company. I decided to consult my supervisor to get advice on what to do. My supervisor told me that I had to put the interests of the company ahead of any personal interests. I was reminded that I had to choose the best product for the company and ensure that I achieve the sales targets. I was also advised to disclose any potential conflict of interest that might arise from the situation, which I did. My supervisor reassigned my friend to another department so that they were not involved in the promotion of the product I had chosen.My decision to consult my supervisor and disclose the potential conflict of interest was based on concepts I learned in this course. I learned that conflicts of interest arise when there is a clash between personal interests and professional responsibilities. To avoid such conflicts, employees must identify and disclose any potential conflicts of interest. Employers must ensure that there are clear guidelines that define how employees should disclose conflicts of interest, which can include consultation with supervisors, recusal from decision making, or reassignment to other roles.Ethically, I believe my response was appropriate because I was transparent about the situation and sought guidance from my supervisor. I also ensured that I did not put my own interests ahead of my duty to my employer. By choosing to promote the product that was best for the company, I upheld my ethical obligation to serve the company’s interests.
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"improving environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance in the areas in which the company or brand has a material environmental or social impact" With reference to this, explain the distinction between ESG and CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility
ESG and CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) are two related concepts that are critical for businesses, investors, and society to consider when measuring business sustainability. ESG is the acronym for Environmental, Social, and Governance.
ESG measures how businesses are meeting their responsibilities beyond making profits. ESG is a broad term that assesses how businesses are contributing to the society and the environment.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to the social responsibility of organizations, including companies and corporations, to create a positive impact on society, beyond their financial returns. CSR is a company's voluntary action to incorporate social and environmental concerns into their business operations.
CSR can include initiatives that go beyond the minimum legal requirements of organizations. It includes ethical practices, community service, environmental stewardship, corporate governance, and compliance with legal and regulatory requirements.In summary, ESG and CSR are closely related concepts but have slightly different meanings.
ESG is a set of factors that measure how companies perform in key areas such as environmental impact, social responsibility, and corporate governance. CSR is a broader concept that refers to the social responsibility of organizations and their voluntary actions to make a positive impact on society.
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The Asset Is $64. The Risk-Free Interest Rate (With Continuous Compounding) Is 0.01.What is the value of the long forward contract? (Round your answer to the nearest hundredth)
The value of the long forward contract would be $64.
The value of a long forward contract can be calculated using the formula:
Value of the long forward contract = Spot price - Present value of the cost of carrying the asset
Given that the spot price of the asset is $64 and the risk-free interest rate (with continuous compounding) is 0.01, we can calculate the present value of the cost of carrying the asset:
Present value = Spot price * e^(-risk-free interest rate * time)
Assuming the time to expiration is not provided, we cannot calculate the exact value of the long forward contract. However, if we assume a time to expiration of one year, the present value of the cost of carrying the asset would be:
Present value = $64 * e^(-0.01 * 1) = $64 * e^(-0.01) ≈ $63.36
Therefore, if the time to expiration is one year, the value of the long forward contract would be approximately $64 - $63.36 = $0.64. However, please note that the specific time to expiration is required to calculate the accurate value of the long forward contract.
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A nominal annual interest rate is 8.50%, compounded monthly. What are equivalent effective monthly and annual interest rates? 2. If the effective monthly interest rate is 1.50% per month, what is the effective quarterly rate? 3. If the nominal annual interest rate, r, is 9.00% per year, compounded semi-annually, what is the effective annual interest rate, i? 4. If the effective annual interest rate is 9.0% per year, what is the effective quarterly interest rate?
The equivalent effective monthly and annual interest rates are 0.69% and 9.14%, respectively. A nominal annual interest rate is 8.50%, compounded monthly.
What are equivalent effective monthly and annual interest rates?Nominal annual interest rate (r) = 8.50%
Effective monthly interest rate (i) = (1 + r / m)^(m / 12) - 1
where,
m is the number of compounding periods per year= 12 (compounded monthly)
i = (1 + r / m)^(m / 12) - 1
= (1 + 8.5%/12)^(12/12) - 1
= 0.69%.
Effective annual interest rate (I) = (1 + i)^12 - 1
= (1 + 0.69%)^12 - 1
= 9.14%.
Therefore, the equivalent effective monthly and annual interest rates are 0.69% and 9.14%, respectively.
2. What is the effective quarterly rate?Effective quarterly rate (i) = (1 + r)^3 - 1
Where r is the effective monthly rate= 1.50%
i = (1 + r)^3 - 1
= (1 + 1.50%)^3 - 1
= 4.57%.
Therefore, the effective quarterly interest rate is 4.57%.
3. Nominal annual interest rate (r) = 9.00%
Compounding frequency (m) = 2
Effective annual interest rate (i) = (1 + r / m)^m - 1
= (1 + 9.00% / 2)^2 - 1
= 9.20%.
Therefore, the effective annual interest rate is 9.20%.
4. If the effective annual interest rate is 9.0% per year, what is the effective quarterly interest rate?
Effective quarterly rate (i) = (1 + r)^1/4 - 1
where r is the effective annual interest rate= 9.00%
i = (1 + r)^1/4 - 1
= (1 + 9.00%)^1/4 - 1
= 2.16%.
Therefore, the effective quarterly interest rate is 2.16%.
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As a society levels, the wants of its members expand. Select one: True False Defined as a system of values and bellefs in an organizaton that reinforces the idea that providing the customer with oualify service is the principal concem of the business. Describe to me, as what part in the management structure where does the creation of a service culture start? Answe Hotels can use the star rating system as an advertising tool. Select one: True Faise
The statement "As a society levels, the wants of its members expand" is true. This is because wants are not static and as a society progresses, wants evolve with it.
The desires of members of the society tend to expand as they enjoy a better standard of living and better education. As for the question of where the creation of a service culture starts in the management structure, it typically starts with the management team.
A service culture emphasizes providing excellent customer service and creating a positive experience for customers. As such, it is the responsibility of management to ensure that the values and beliefs that make up the service culture are instilled in employees at all levels.
Management should model the desired behavior and reinforce it through rewards and recognition.
Hotels can indeed use the star rating system as an advertising tool. The star rating system is an independent rating system that rates the quality of hotels based on factors such as service, cleanliness, amenities, and customer experience. Hotels with higher ratings can use this as a marketing tool to attract customers looking for higher-quality accommodations.
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In a typical supply chain a. Finances flow from the lower echelon to the upper echelons b. Material flow from lower echelon to upper echelons c. Information flow from only the lower echelon to the upper echelons d. a and b are both correct e. b and c are both correct
A supply chain refers to the coordination of people, organizations, activities, resources, and technology involved in the creation and distribution of products or services to meet customer demands. These activities encompass all the processes involved in the acquisition of raw materials.
The answer to the question is D. A and B are both correct. A. Finances flow from the lower echelon to the upper echelonsIn a typical supply chain, finances flow from the lower echelons to the upper echelons. The lower echelons represent the suppliers of raw materials and manufacturers, while the upper echelons represent distributors and retailers. For the entire supply chain to operate smoothly, it is necessary to have financial flows from the lower to the upper echelons.
This payment flows from the manufacturers to the distributors, and from the distributors to the retailers. At each stage, there is a need for financial flows that enable the entire supply chain to function effectively.B. Material flow from lower echelon to upper echelonsIn a typical supply chain, materials flow from the lower echelons to the upper echelons.
The financial flows enable suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers to get paid for the products and services they provide. The material flows enable the products to be manufactured and distributed to meet customer demands.
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Topic: Trend with seasonal relative ( 30 pts) Problem 2 Forecast the demand for each quarter of the year 2023 using trend and seasonal factors. Demand for the past three years is in the following table:
Calculate the seasonal indices. Seasonal Index = Average demand for a season / Average demand for all quarters.
Once you have calculated the seasonal indices, adjust the quarterly demand figures by multiplying them with the corresponding seasonal indices. This will give you the seasonally adjusted demand.2: Calculate the trend equation.To calculate the trend equation, you can use the least-squares method or any other suitable method.
Once you have calculated the trend equation, you can use it to forecast the trend for the next year.3: Calculate the forecasted demand for 2023.To calculate the forecasted demand for 2023, you will need to multiply the seasonally adjusted demand figures by the trend values.
This will give you the forecasted demand for each quarter of the year 2023.In conclusion, you can forecast the demand for each quarter of the year 2023 using trend and seasonal factors by first calculating the seasonal indices, then calculating the trend equation, and finally calculating the forecasted demand for 2023.
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a) Examine 2 monetary policy approaches that the Reserve Bank of Australia can adopt in order to influence economic activity in the country. b) Explain the delays associated with implementing countercyclical monetarty policy.
a) The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) can adopt two monetary policy approaches to influence economic activity in the country.
1) Expansionary monetary policy: This approach involves the RBA taking measures to increase the money supply and lower interest rates. The RBA can achieve this by buying government bonds, reducing the cash reserve ratio that banks are required to hold, and reducing the official cash rate. By doing so, it encourages borrowing and spending, stimulating economic activity and promoting growth.
2) Contractionary monetary policy: On the other hand, the RBA can also adopt a contractionary monetary policy to curb inflation and slow down economic activity. This approach involves the RBA taking measures to reduce the money supply and increase interest rates. The RBA can achieve this by selling government bonds, increasing the cash reserve ratio, and increasing the official cash rate. By doing so, it discourages borrowing and spending, leading to a decrease in inflationary pressures and potential economic overheating.
b) Countercyclical monetary policy, which involves implementing monetary policy measures that are opposite to the prevailing economic cycle, can face certain delays.
1) Recognition lag: This delay refers to the time it takes for policymakers to recognize that the economy is entering a recession or an expansionary phase. Economic data needs to be collected, analyzed, and assessed before appropriate policy measures can be implemented. This lag can lead to delays in implementing countercyclical monetary policy, potentially missing the optimal timing to address economic fluctuations.
2) Implementation lag: Once policymakers have recognized the need for countercyclical monetary policy, there can be a delay in implementing the necessary measures. The RBA needs to coordinate with relevant stakeholders, such as banks and financial institutions, to implement changes in interest rates, reserve requirements, or bond purchases/sales. This coordination process can take time, resulting in delays in policy implementation.
3) Impact lag: Even after countercyclical monetary policy measures have been implemented, their impact on the economy may not be immediate. It takes time for changes in interest rates, money supply, and borrowing costs to filter through the financial system and influence economic activity. The effectiveness of countercyclical monetary policy may also depend on other factors, such as consumer and investor sentiment, which can further delay its impact.
Overall, delays associated with implementing countercyclical monetary policy can limit its effectiveness in addressing economic fluctuations. Policymakers need to carefully consider these delays and the timing of their policy interventions to achieve the desired outcomes.
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Exactly two years ago you purchased a $10,000 ten year NY State Dormitory Authority bond
with a coupon rate of 2.5% . Today, a ten year NY State Dormitory Authority bond carries a
coupon rate of 4.5% . What is the present value of your two year old bond?
If you sell the bond today for exactly it’s value and use the money to purchase another ten year
NY State Dormitory Authority bond with a coupon rate of 4.5% what will your semi-annual
income from the sale price be?
Of course you cannot purchase bonds for odd amounts. However, if you purchase another
$10,000 bond the income from the sale of the first bond will be a proportional amount of the
entire income. Therefore you can calculate as ‘though you were able to purchase a bond for
the odd amount.
A coupon bond is a debt security that promises a series of periodic payments to the holder of the bond for a set number of years. Let's solve the problem asked.Exactly two years ago, you purchased a $10,000 ten-year NY State Dormitory Authority bond with a coupon rate of 2.5%.
This means that the bond will pay you a coupon rate of 2.5% on a $10,000 face value or $250 per year for the next ten years. The bond will expire in 8 years as it was a 10-year bond, and two years have already passed. The present value of the bond can be calculated using the following formula:PV = PMT (1 - 1/(1+r)t)/rwhere PMT is the annual coupon payment, r is the current interest rate, and t is the remaining time to maturity.We know that PMT = $250, r = 4.5% (current interest rate), and t = 8 years. the present value of the bond can be calculated as follows:
[tex]PV = $250(1 - 1/(1+0.045)8)/0.045= $8,630.12[/tex]
If you sell the bond today for exactly its value and use the money to purchase another ten-year NY State Dormitory Authority bond with a coupon rate of 4.5%, what will your semi-annual income from the sale price be?The semi-annual income from the sale price of the bond can be calculated as follows:Annual income from the sale price of the bond = $8,630.12 × 0.025= $215.75Semi-annual income from the sale price of the bond = $215.75/2= $107.88Therefore, the semi-annual income from the sale price of the bond will be $107.88.
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