Describe the controversy surrounding animal research by describing both points of view. State your opinion and justify it with valid data. Some research is necessary in order to support your point, provide sources where the information was gathered from.

Early whale predecessors Dorudon and Basilosaurus both had different body types and feeding habits from contemporary whales like humpback whales.

Long, nearly vertical wear facets on the flattened teeth in the back of the mouth suggest that the upper and lower teeth sheared against one another. The teeth at the tip of the nose resemble current fish-eating toothed whales in general.

Despite differences in body size, all modern Cetacea share a similar shape: they have a horizontal tail fluke used for swimming, flippers for forelimbs, no external hind limbs, a small neck, and a streamlined body.

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If you are confronted by a bear in the woods, your emotional arousal would be accompanied by constriction of pupils to increase visual acuity.

Emotional arousal is the physiological and psychological responses to an emotional stimulus. It's a term that describes a wide range of feelings and physiological responses associated with our emotions. Our physiological and psychological responses to emotions, such as fear or happiness, are called emotional arousal. These responses can include a variety of changes, such as increases or decreases in heart rate, changes in breathing, sweating, changes in the dilation of the pupils, and other changes that are closely linked to our emotional states.

Bears are considered dangerous animals, so if you ever encounter one, you must be prepared. Your emotional arousal would be accompanied by constriction of pupils to increase visual acuity, which would allow you to have a better view of your surroundings. This would aid you in responding to the situation appropriately.

The other options such as increases in salivation, slowing of digestion, decreases in respiration rate, and decreases in blood sugar levels aren't the physiological responses to emotional arousal during a bear encounter.

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The cavity formed where the ureter merges with the kidney is called the renal pelvis.

The renal pelvis is a funnel-shaped cavity in the kidney. It is a crucial area that collects the urine produced by the kidney and empties it into the ureter, which then carries the urine to the bladder. The renal pelvis is located inside the kidney's hilum, which is the indented portion of the kidney where the blood vessels and ureter enter and exit.

In addition, the renal pelvis serves as the collecting point for urine from the kidney's calyces, which are small, cup-like structures that receive urine from the kidney's nephrons, the functional units that filter blood and generate urine. The renal pelvis, like other parts of the urinary system, is lined with transitional epithelial cells that can expand and contract to accommodate varying urine volumes.
The renal pelvis is an important area of the kidney that serves as a collection point for urine produced by the kidney's nephrons. The ureter then transports the urine to the bladder, where it is stored until it is excreted from the body.

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Capsules are neutrally charged. In this staining procedure, the purpose of emulsifying the sample in serum is to facilitate the staining of capsules.

Emulsifying a bacterial specimen in serum allows capsules to be stained because capsules are made of water-soluble complex polysaccharides that cannot be stained by the traditional Gram stain technique because they are resistant to dyes. A capsule is a slimy, non-rigid structure that serves as a means of evading the host's immune system.

Bacteria have the ability to create a protective capsule that is made up of complex polysaccharides, which shields the bacterial cell from being recognized and engulfed by white blood cells. Capsules assist bacteria in remaining attached to surfaces, including host tissues and implanted medical devices, and allow for bacterial growth in biofilms, which are aggregates of microorganisms that grow on surfaces immersed in fluids.

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If the addition of an inhibitor does not change the maximal reaction rate of an enzyme and substrate combination, then the inhibitor is a competitive inhibitor.

A competitive inhibitor is a type of enzyme inhibitor that binds to the active site of an enzyme, preventing the binding of the substrate. Since the inhibitor competes with the substrate for binding to the active site, the reaction rate can be restored by increasing the concentration of the substrate.

In the presence of a competitive inhibitor, the maximal reaction rate of the enzyme and substrate combination remains the same, but the apparent affinity of the enzyme for the substrate is reduced. This means that a higher concentration of substrate is required to achieve the same reaction rate in the presence of the inhibitor.

Therefore, if the maximal reaction rate of an enzyme and substrate combination is unaffected by the addition of an inhibitor, the inhibitor is a competitive inhibitor.

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Genetic variety in a population is expected to decrease if non-sister chromatids fail to cross across during meiosis.

Genetic variety is produced over time by populations and can be specifically or stochastically suppressed by selection or genetic bottlenecks. Following a bottleneck, a small number of randomly chosen people form a founder population, which causes genetic drift.

Genetic variation can be increased by human mutations and alleles being created as a result of gene duplication, recombination, or other events. A population can generate new genetic variation within a few generations, hence a population with high rates of reproduction would likely have a high level of genetic diversity.

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The two human retroviruses that were known before HIV was discovered and which caused different types of disorders are Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus type 2 (HTLV-2).

HTLV-1 is associated with a type of cancer called adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and a neurological disorder called HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP).

HTLV-2, on the other hand, is less pathogenic and usually only causes mild symptoms or no symptoms at all. It has been found in some individuals with a history of injection drug use and is also associated with some cases of rare neurological disorders.

It is important to note that while HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 are also retroviruses and can cause serious health problems, they are distinct from HIV, which causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV and the human retroviruses HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 differ in their modes of transmission, clinical features, and treatments.

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Based on these results, the organism pseudomonas aeruginosa is likely resistant to ampicillin and partially resistant to erythromycin. It is susceptible to tetracycline.

The results of a filter paper disk test can be interpreted by examining the zone of inhibition around the disk. The zone of inhibition is the area around the disk where the growth of the bacteria is inhibited.

In this case, the image shows three disks: ampicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline.

The zones of inhibition around each disk are different. The zone of inhibition around the ampicillin disk is very small, indicating that the organism pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to ampicillin.

The zone of inhibition around the erythromycin disk is also small, but larger than the ampicillin disk. This indicates that the organism is partially resistant to erythromycin.

The zone of inhibition around the tetracycline disk is large, indicating that the organism is susceptible to tetracycline. Therefore, based on these results, the organism is likely resistant to ampicillin and partially resistant to erythromycin. It is susceptible to tetracycline.

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The correct order of stages of the cell cycle, order longest to shortest, in mammalian cells in culture is: G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase, M phase.

The cell cycle is the process by which cells replicate themselves. It comprises a series of steps that result in the production of two identical daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. The cell cycle is divided into two distinct phases: the interphase and the M phase, which are separated by cell division. The M phase is the process of cell division that is responsible for the production of two identical daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.

The M phase is divided into two distinct phases: the mitosis phase and the cytokinesis phase.The interphase is the time between cell divisions and includes three phases: G1, S, and G2. In the G1 phase, the cell grows and performs its normal functions. The S phase is the period when the cell replicates its DNA. The G2 phase is the period when the cell prepares for mitosis. Finally, the M phase is the time when the cell undergoes mitosis and cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells.

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The superior opening of the larynx is called the laryngeal inlet or the aditus laryngis. It is located at the uppermost part of the larynx, where the pharynx and larynx meet.

The laryngeal inlet is oriented posteriorly and superiorly, meaning it is positioned towards the back and upper part of the throat. The laryngeal inlet serves as the gateway for air to enter the respiratory system and for food and liquids to pass through the digestive system.

During swallowing, the laryngeal inlet is closed off by the epiglottis, a flap of tissue that prevents food and liquids from entering the airway. The laryngeal inlet is an important anatomical structure that plays a critical role in the functioning of the respiratory and digestive systems.

It is closely connected to the hyoid bone, the thyroid cartilage, and the cricoid cartilage, which are important structures that provide support and protection for the larynx. Dysfunction of the laryngeal inlet can result in various respiratory and swallowing disorders, which may require medical intervention.

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The comprehensive and effective approach to determine how to classify these bacteria is: to use DNA sequencing.

DNA sequencing is a process of determining the exact sequence of nucleotides in a given DNA molecule. This can be done by using various sequencing methods such as Sanger sequencing or Next-Generation sequencing technologies.

DNA sequencing has been proven to be very useful in identifying the similarities and differences between different bacterial species. It can also be used to determine the evolutionary relationships between different bacteria.

DNA sequencing is more reliable than traditional methods of bacterial classification, which rely on morphological and biochemical characteristics that can be influenced by environmental factors or genetic variability. Therefore, DNA sequencing can provide a more accurate classification of these bacteria, and help to determine whether they represent a new species or a variant of an existing species.

In conclusion, DNA sequencing is the most comprehensive and effective approach to determine how to classify these bacteria.

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The statement "involuntary muscles work automatically, and you are not usually aware of their function" is: True.

Involuntary muscles are muscles that are not under conscious control. These muscles are responsible for actions that we do not consciously control, such as the beating of our heart, the flow of food through our digestive system, and the constriction of blood vessels. They are also known as smooth muscles.

The smooth muscle fibers of the stomach and intestines contract and move the food along by a process known as peristalsis. They also mix the food with digestive juices so that it can be broken down more easily. Smooth muscle tissue is also found in other organs like the bladder, uterus, and blood vessels.

The involuntary muscles work automatically without conscious control, such as heart rate, peristalsis, breathing, blinking, sweating, and pupil constriction.

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A mesozoic terrestrial reptile that walks with an upright stance would likely be classified as a dinosaur.

Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles that lived on Earth from about 245 million years ago until 66 million years ago. They were one of the dominant forms of life on Earth during the Mesozoic Era, which is often referred to as the Age of Reptiles.

Some dinosaurs, such as theropods like Tyrannosaurus rex and Velociraptor, are known to have walked with an upright stance, while others, like sauropods such as Brachiosaurus and Diplodocus, had a more horizontal posture.

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A species is a basic unit of biological classification that refers to a group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can interbreed to produce viable offspring.

The three universal factors that contribute to a difficult childhood for many animal species, regardless of parental care, are:

Predation: Many animals are at risk of being preyed upon during their childhood. Predators can be a significant threat to young animals, and they may need to develop survival skills at a young age to avoid being killed.

Competition: Many animals must compete for resources such as food, water, and shelter. This competition can be intense, particularly for young animals that may be smaller or weaker than their competitors.

Environmental challenges: Animals may face environmental challenges such as harsh weather conditions, natural disasters, or changes in their habitat. These challenges can be particularly difficult for young animals that may not have the experience or physical resilience to cope with them.

Overall, these factors can make childhood a challenging and dangerous time for many animals, and may contribute to high mortality rates among young animals in some species. However, parental care can help mitigate some of these challenges by providing protection, food, and guidance to offspring during their early years.

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It is not true that thrombocytopenia increases the risk of embolus formation. Option A is correct.

Thrombocytopenia is a medical condition characterized by a low platelet count in the blood, which can increase the risk of bleeding and bruising. Platelets are important for blood clotting, so a decrease in their number or function can lead to bleeding disorders.

However, a low platelet count does not directly increase the risk of embolus formation, which is a blood clot that travels to another part of the body and can cause blockage of blood vessels.

The other options are true of thrombocytopenia: it may produce petechiae (small red or purple spots on the skin caused by bleeding under the skin), it is caused by having a low number of circulating platelets, and it can be caused by conditions that destroy bone marrow (where platelets are produced), such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and certain infections.

Hence, it increases the risk of embolus formation is the correct option.

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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is

"which is not true of thrombocytopenia? A) it increases the risk of embolus formation. B) it may produce petechiae. C) it is caused by having a low number of circulating platelets. D) it can be caused by conditions that destroy bone marrow."--

basic principles of genetics, specifically the laws of segregation and independent assortment.

First, let's determine the genotypes of the two parent bears:

Bear 1: FFbb (black fur and blue eyes)

Bear 2: FfBb (white fur and brown eyes)

We can use a Punnett square to determine the possible genotypes and phenotypes of their offspring:

F F b b

F FF FF Fb Fb

f Ff Ff fb fb

B Fb Fb bb bb

b Fb Fb bb bb

From this Punnett square, we can see that there are four possible genotypes for the offspring: FFbb, Ffbb, FFbB, and FfBb.

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To solve this problem, we need to use the principles of Mendelian genetics and Punnett squares to determine the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring.

The first bear has the genotype FFbb, which means it is homozygous dominant for the black fur trait and homozygous recessive for the blue eyes trait. The second bear has the genotype FBb, which means it is heterozygous for both traits.

To determine the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring, we can create a Punnett square:

                           F                                                 F

Bb FfBb, black fur and brown eyes Ffbb, black fur and blue eyes

bB FfBb, black fur and brown eyes Ffbb, black fur and blue eyes

Probability of the baby bear having black fur and brown eyes: The possible genotypes that result in black fur and brown eyes are FfBb and Ffbb. The probability of the offspring inheriting these genotypes is 50% (2 out of 4). Therefore, the probability of the baby bear having black fur and brown eyes is 50%.

Probability of the baby bear having white fur and blue eyes: The possible genotype that results in white fur and blue eyes is ffBb. The probability of the offspring inheriting this genotype is 25% (1 out of 4). Therefore, the probability of the baby bear having white fur and blue eyes is 25%.

Probability of the baby being homozygous dominant for at least one trait: The possible genotypes that result in homozygous dominant offspring are FFBB and FFBb. The probability of the offspring inheriting these genotypes is 25% (1 out of 4). Therefore, the probability of the baby being homozygous dominant for at least one trait is 25%.

Probability of the baby being heterozygous for both traits: The possible genotype that results in heterozygous offspring for both traits is FfBb. The probability of the offspring inheriting this genotype is 25% (1 out of 4). Therefore, the probability of the baby being heterozygous for both traits is 25%.

Phenotypes and genotypes of the offspring: From the Punnett square, we can see that there are two possible phenotypes for the offspring: black fur and brown eyes, and black fur and blue eyes. The genotypes of the offspring are FfBb, Ffbb, and ffBb, each with a probability of 25%.

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Homologous and homoplastic structures are two types of structures. Homologous structures are features that are present in two or more species that share a common ancestor, while homoplastic structures are features that resemble each other in two or more species but are not due to a common ancestor.

Homologous structures are features that are present in two or more species that share a common ancestor. They have a similar embryonic origin and structure but may differ in their function. An example of homologous structures is the forelimbs of mammals. Despite serving different functions, such as swimming, flying, or walking, the forelimbs of mammals share a common embryonic origin, and their bones have a similar structure. Homoplastic structures, on the other hand, are features that resemble each other in two or more species but are not due to a common ancestor.

They are the result of convergent evolution, which is when two unrelated species develop similar traits due to similar selective pressures. An example of homoplastic structures is wings in birds and insects. Even though they serve the same function, they have different embryonic origins and structures. In conclusion, determining whether a structure is homologous or homoplastic requires knowledge of the structure's embryonic origin and evolutionary history.

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A nonsense mutation occurs in DNA when a sequence change gives rise to a stop codon rather than a codon specifying an amino acid.

A nonsense mutation is a point mutation in a DNA sequence that results in a premature stop codon or a nonsense codon in the transcribed mRNA, resulting in a truncated, incomplete, and nonfunctional protein product.

Nonsense mutation is not necessarily damaging; the functional consequence of a nonsense mutation is dependent on numerous factors, including the placement of the stop codon within the coding DNA.For example, the effect of a nonsense mutation is determined by its proximity to the original stop codon and the extent to which functional subdomains of the protein are affected.

Any change in the Genetic sequence of a cell. Mutations can be generated by errors during cell division or by exposure to DNA-damaging substances in the environment. Mutations can be dangerous, useful, or have no impact.

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The correct answer is B. Future earthquakes are likely because underground stress builds up in similar locations.

The occurrence of earthquakes is primarily determined by tectonic plate movement and stress accumulation in the Earth's crust. If a region has experienced earthquakes in the past, it suggests that the area is located in a region where tectonic plates meet or where there are active faults. As stress accumulates due to the movement of tectonic plates, the rocks in the region become strained and can eventually rupture, causing an earthquake.

Therefore, the occurrence of past earthquakes indicates that there is a potential for future earthquakes in the same location as the underground stress builds up in similar areas.

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Two characteristics of phage vectors are: can hold up to 1,000 kb of insert DNA, contain phage genes for host lysis, contain plasmid ori, and contain yeast telomere sequences. The correct options are A, B and D.

Phage vectors are DNA molecules that serve as vectors or vehicles for the movement of genes. The movement of the genes is from one cell to another. Here are some of the characteristics of phage vectors:

1- Phage vectors can hold up to 1,000 kb of insert DNA which is an essential feature of phage vectors. This feature enables phage vectors to carry a large amount of DNA that can be inserted into cells.

2- Phage vectors contain phage genes for host lysis which is another critical feature. The phage genes help to break the host cells and release the phage particles to enable the transfer of the DNA.

3- Phage vectors contain unique restriction sites that enable efficient cloning of the genes. This feature is vital for cutting and pasting genes to be transferred into cells.

4- Phage vectors contain plasmid ori, which is an important feature. The plasmid ori feature helps to ensure that the phage vectors can replicate and maintain themselves in host cells.

5- Phage vectors contain yeast telomere sequences which is another essential feature. The yeast telomere sequence enables the phage vectors to be protected from degradation in host cells.

In conclusion, phage vectors are essential tools in genetic engineering. The above characteristics of phage vectors make them unique and useful in genetic engineering. Phage vectors are designed to aid in the transfer of genes and are critical in modern genetic engineering techniques.

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To suppress H,K-ATPase enzymes to decrease hydrochloric acid production, proton-pump inhibitors such as omeprazole (Prilosec) can be used. The correct answer is option C.

Gastric ulcers can be treated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which suppress the H, K-ATPase enzyme, reducing hydrochloric acid production. PPIs work by suppressing the H,K-ATPase enzyme that drives the secretion of hydrochloric acid. As a result, acid secretion is reduced. PPIs are usually taken before a meal, so they have time to be absorbed into the bloodstream and reach the acid-secreting cells in the stomach lining.

PPIs are often more effective than H2 blockers in reducing acid secretion. PPIs are also more effective than antacids or alginates, which can be taken on an as-needed basis. Other options are:

a. To block histamine stimulation, decreasing gastric acid secretion, an anti-histamine medication such as cimetidine (Tagamet) can be used.
b. To bind bile acids and pepsin to form a mucosal barrier, bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto Bismol) is a common medication that can be used.

d. To stimulate peristalsis of the GI tract for increased transit time, medications such as lubiprostone (Amitiza) can be used.

Complete question: Which option is correct about GIT Hormones: a. to block histamine stimulation, decreasing gastric acid secretion b. to bind bile acids and pepsin to formal mucosal barrier c. to suppress h,k-atpase enzymes to decrease hydrochloric acid production d. to stimulate peristalsis of the git tract for increased transit time

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The given statement "Continuous desert tortoise populations across the sonoran desert have adapted to different climates, where the climate near the northern edge of the sonoran desert is extremely hot and dry, while the climate near the southern edge has more scrub, shade, and access to water. evidence suggests that there are now two species of desert tortoises. This is an example of allopatric speciation." is true because Allopatric speciation is a type of speciation in which species evolve from a common ancestor while they are geographically isolated from one another.

They do not interbreed, and over time, their genetic makeup changes, leading to the formation of new species.

The formation of new species through allopatric speciation requires geographic isolation, which prevents genetic exchange between populations of the same species. The populations evolve separately, developing unique genetic characteristics that eventually result in two separate species.

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In order to eliminate red plants if you start with two pink plants, you will need to perform a process called backcrossing.

Backcrossing involves crossing a hybrid organism (in this case, pink plants) with one of the parent organisms (in this case, red plants). This will result in offspring that are the same as the parent organism (in this case, red plants). After the backcross, the red plants can then be isolated from the other plants and removed from the population.

To carry out backcrossing, you must first identify the parent organism. This is usually done through phenotype, or the physical characteristics of the plant. In this case, if you have two pink plants, you must identify which parent organism is the red plant and which parent organism is the white plant. Once you have identified the parent organism, you will then cross the pink plant with the red plant.

This will result in the production of offspring that are identical to the red parent organism. The red plants can then be removed from the population, leaving the white plants and any other offspring that may have been produced in the backcross.

Backcrossing is a useful technique for eliminating a particular genotype from a population, as it allows you to control the genotypes of the offspring produced. In this case, it allows you to isolate and remove the red plants from the population.

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The District of Columbia will recognize schools certified or accepted by the Commission on Massage Therapy Accreditation, as well as programs considered comparable. The licensing agency may also accept education from schools that have regional accreditation, accreditation from the Accreditation Council for Continuing Education and Training, accreditation from the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges of Technology, or accreditation from other agencies recognized by the US Department of Education.

The District of Columbia Educational Licensing Commission will approve DC institutions. Out-of-state schools must be properly licensed in their respective states.

Programs must be at least 500 hours in length. At least 100 hours must be spent studying anatomy, physiology, and athletics. The bulk of the leftover time should be spent on theory.Health and sanitation, first aid and CPR, massage contraindications, ethics, and company practices should all be covered. Other subjects may also be addressed. A minimum of three hours of moral training is required.The licensure application mentions the National Certification Examination for Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork (NCETMB), which is no longer available. The National Certification Board for Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork (NCNTMB), which had provided it, discontinued it on February 1, 2015, preferring to focus efforts on a Board Certification procedure that is more rigorous than state licensure. The NCBTMB now administers the NCBTMB Board Certification Exam.

It is implied that there is a hierarchy responsibility for maintaining the facilities and equipment by having maintenance tasks completed at every level of the organisational structure as opposed to depending solely on a dedicated maintenance staff.

Maintenance is an essential part of quality control and, in some cases, has an impact on a business's long-term success. Unstable resources can stop production if they have not been maintained appropriately.

due to the fact that it not only improves asset performance but also prevents asset failure. Maintenance costs rise when an asset receives maintenance after it fails.

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Question:

What is the implication of having maintenance functions performed at every level in the organization's hierarchy, as opposed to having a dedicated maintenance personnel?

The structure that synthesizes MHC class I molecules is the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER). The Rough ER is a network of tubules and flattened sacs found in the cytoplasm of the cell. It is the site of protein and lipid synthesis.

It is also the site where MHC class I molecules are synthesized. These molecules are important for the recognition of foreign antigens by the immune system. The Rough ER is also responsible for the transport of proteins to the Golgi apparatus and the cell surface.

It is also where glycoproteins for cell recognition and signaling are synthesized. The Rough ER is distinguished from the Smooth ER by the presence of ribosomes on its outer surface. These ribosomes are responsible for the synthesis of proteins that are transported to the cell surface. Thus, the Rough ER is the structure that synthesizes MHC class I molecules.

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About 10% of the energy moves to the next trophic level, and the remainder is used into the ecosystem.
The correct option is B.

The environment serves the following purposes: It maintains stability, supports living systems, and controls crucial ecological processes. Also, it is in charge of how nutrients are transferred across biotic and abiotic elements. It keeps the ecosystem's various life forms in a state of equilibrium.

For instance, tropical forests are habitats made up of living things like trees, plants, animals, insects, and microorganisms that interact constantly with one another and are influenced by other natural elements such as the sun, temperature, or chemical elements such as oxygen or nutrition.

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The complete question is -

Which statement describes how energy is conserved in an ecosystem?

a. About 90% of the energy moves to the next trophic level, and the remainder is release into the ecosystem.

b. About 10% of the energy moves to the next trophic level, and the remainder is used into the ecosystem.

c. All of the energy transferred to the tertiary trophic level is stored permanently in the bodies of those organisms.

d. All of the energy captured by producers is stored as matter and is available to the next trophic level.

The phenomenon described in the student question, where the area on the somatosensory cortex associated with the thumb is as large as the area for the forearm, is an example of cortical magnification.

Cortical magnification refers to the disproportionate allocation of cortical space to different body parts based on their sensory importance and functional complexity.

In the somatosensory cortex, there is a topographic representation of the body called the somatotopic map, also known as the homunculus. This map shows that certain body parts, such as the thumb, have a larger area of representation in the cortex compared to other parts like the forearm. This is because the thumb, being highly sensitive and functionally critical for tasks like grasping and manipulating objects, requires more precise control and processing power.

Cortical magnification allows for greater sensitivity and motor control in regions of the body that are more important for our daily activities and survival. It ensures that the brain can efficiently process and prioritize sensory information coming from these vital regions.

In summary, the example demonstrates cortical magnification, a concept where the somatosensory cortex allocates a larger cortical area to body parts based on their functional importance and sensory complexity, thus enhancing sensitivity and motor control.

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Germ cells produce gametes through meiosis. Before DNA replication/8/c. After DNA replication/5/g. Prophase I/9/f. Metaphase I/13/i. Anaphase I/17/b. Telophase I/10/k. Prophase II/18-1/a. Metaphase II/11-2/e. Anaphase II/6-3/h. Telophase II/12-15/d. Gametes/7-16-14-4/j.        

Meiosis is the sequence of events that occur when a germ cell divides and produce gametes. Through Meiosis, a diploid cell (2n) produces four haploid daughter cells (n).

There are two meiotic phases. Before each phase, the cell undergoes the interphase, during which the cell content duplicates and DNA replicates.

Meiosis I: reductive phase.

Meiosis II: not reductive division.

In the exposed example, each image is numbered and each description is named with a letter. You will find the complete flow chart in the attached files.

The order is as follow.

Stage                                       Image         Description

Before DNA replication             8                    c

After DNA replication                5                    g

Prophase I                                  9                    f

Metaphase I                               13                   i

Anaphase I                                 17                   b

Telophase I                                10                   k

Prophase II                                 18-1                a

Metaphase II                               11-2                e

Anaphase II                                 6-3                 h

Telophase II                               12-15               d

Gametes                                     7-16-14-4        j            

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