Answer:
The typical behavior of chromosomes in meiosis is that homologous pairs synapse, recombine, and then separate at anaphase I. At anaphase II, sister chromatids separate. However, studies of small chromosomes in maize derived from a variety of sources typically have failure of sister chromatid cohesion at anaphase I. This failure occurs whether there is pairing of two copies of a minichromosome or not. These characteristics have implications for managing the transmission of the first generation artificial chromosomes in plants. Procedures to address these issues of minichromosomes are discussed.
Normal chromosomes enter into meiosis following DNA replication. The homologous pairs find each other in the process of synapsis. Recombination exchanges parts of the homologs involving two of the four chromatids present. Then in anaphase I, each member of the pair segregates to opposite poles and into the two cells resulting from meiosis I. In contrast to mitosis, the sister chromatids of each homolog remain attached to each other. At meiosis II the sisters now separate to opposite poles. The consequence of this sequence of events is that segregation of genetic markers on the two members of the pairs of homologs enter into different gametes that will eventually be formed after meiosis. However, small chromosomes as observed in maize do not follow these rules. In this review, we describe the information known about these minichromosomes and what they inform us about meiotic processes. Also, the behavior of small chromosomes impacts how engineered minichromosomes will behave and so information about them is important for practical applications as well.
How does refrigeration of food prevent it from spoilage?
Refrigeration preserves food by slowing down the growth and reproduction of microorganisms as well as the action of enzymes which cause food to rot. Freezing food slows down decomposition by turning residual moisture into ice, inhibiting the growth of most bacterial species.
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in gene expression, which enzyme is responsible for transcribing the dna sequence into mrna by adding complementary rna nucleotides?
Answer:
RNA polymerase II
what mammal has the largest brain relative to its body size?
Answer:
The noble tree shrew
Explanation:The tree shrew's brain is much larger compared to its body. 10 percent of its body weight is brain mass.
During the Flowing Water Model demonstration, observe the stream table while water is flowing through it. What do you notice? Record your observations on the lines below. You can use to Word Bank to help you describe what you see.
Answer:The speed of the water flowing downhill will be affected by the degree of incline, and any structures or topographical features in its path. The faster the water flows, the more erosion occurs. Water flowing downhill moves and deposits sand at the bottom of the river. The faster the water flows, the more sand will be deposited at the bottom. A delta at the mouth of a river forms in the same way. Although the formation of the “rivers” in this activity appeared very quickly, in reality rivers can take millions to billions of years to form a path from land to sea.
Explanation:
I just did it yesterday :)
in eukaryotic cells, which organelle produces the majority of the atp for the cell?
Answer:
mitochondrion
Explanation:
put the following actions in order: DNA replication, cell grows. cell f=division, cell prepares for mitosis
Answer:
Cell grows, DNA replicatio, Cell prepared for mitosis, Cell division.
Scientists have discovered a new planet orbiting a star 4.85 light years away. They call it Planet X. The distance from the star to Planet X is approximately 150,000,000 km and a thin atmosphere is visible.
What factor must Planet X have in order for seasons to occur?
A. The planet must be spherical in shape.
B. The planet must be tilted on its axis.
C. The planet’s orbit must not be too elliptical in shape.
D. The planet must have liquid water on its surface.
Answer:
The answer is C
Explanation:
The correct option is The planet’s orbit must not be too elliptical in shape.
What is atmosphere?The gases that make up the planet's atmosphere are mixed together. The Earth's atmosphere contributes to the viability of life.
In addition to giving us air to breathe, it protects us from the majority of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, increases the surface temperature of our planet by around 33° C (59° F) due to the greenhouse effect, and mainly eliminates dramatic temperature variations between day and night.
There is an atmosphere on each of the other planets in our solar system, but none of them has the same proportion of gases or layered structure as Earth's atmosphere.
Therefore, The correct option is The planet’s orbit must not be too elliptical in shape.
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what is the source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis?
Answer:
the air
Explanation:
Answer:
Water
(correct me if I'm wrong)
help pls help pls pls
Answer:
Explanation:
hi how are you
nadph builds up in the ________________ during electron transport.
NADPH builds up in the STROMA of the chloroplasts during electron transport. In chloroplasts, NADP+ is reduced by the ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) is the reduced electron form of NADP+.
The NADPH coenzyme is generated during the last step of the electron transport chain of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
NADPH is used by plant cells as an electron donor in different reactions associated with dehydrogenase and reductase enzymes.
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What Type: of cells go through the special cell division process of meiosis?
1. gametes
2. lymphocytes
3. neurons
4. hepatocytes
The special cell division process of meiosis is undergone by gametes, which are reproductive cells responsible for sexual reproduction. Thus, correct answer is option (1).
Meiosis is a special type of cell division that only takes place in organisms that reproduce sexually. , which are sex cells like eggs and sperm, are produced as Gametesa result of two sequential divisions. Gametes have half as many chromosomes as parent cells, ensuring that the offspring they create during fertilization will have the right number of chromosomes.
Gametes are created by meiosis to retain genetic variation in the population, as opposed to somatic cells, which go through mitosis to produce identical duplicates. Hepatocytes, lymphocytes, and neurons all go through mitosis or perform certain bodily roles; none of these cells go through meiosis.
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If we check the Petri dish and food coloring in a few minutes, will all of the food coloring remain in the filter paper disk? What do you think will happen?
Cell theory states that all living things contain one or more cells. Why do you think cell theory meets the definition of
a scientific theory? Do you think it should be a scientific law? Explain your response.
Explanation:
OK, first of all, let me explain to you, what is a scientific theory...
A scientific theory is an explanation and demonstration of an aspect that exists in the natural world or universe that has been verified by the scientific way through repeated testing of the experiment with accepted protocols of observation, measurements and evaluation of results.
A scientific law is generated in the same procedure as above, but it can predict a wide range of natural phenomena.
Ex-: you are throwing a basketball from the top of a dam to the river. according to physics on earth, it should fall down. it's a law. no matter where you are, that basketball touches down the ground if there's any gravitational force.
But cell theory cannot be assumed to be common throughout the entire universe. Because we may find some other form of life that has some other plans. viruses are not obeying this theory.
*In a nutshell, a law is stable from its' origin. most of the time, it won't change. but theories will change with updating facts of science.
what are most enzymes in living things made up of?
Answer:
proteins
Explanation:
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of biochemical reactions in living cells. Most enzymes are made up of proteins.
One of the characteristics of life is to acquire energy. What is the energy used for?
Answer:
All organisms use a source of energy for their metabolic activities. Some organisms capture energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy in food (photosynthesis); others use chemical energy in molecules they take in as food (cellular respiration)Explanation:
poop
Answer:
Explanation:
Se utiliza para la vida cotidiana acominar comer mover los musculos
What characteristic of water causes it to display adhesion cohesion high specific heat capillary action
I think the answer should be the fact that water is a polar molecule.
This means it will attract other molecules which are polar (adhesion), including itself (cohesion).
I'm not sure about the last part of the question (high specific heat capillary action, the wording is a little confusing), but I think the reason why water has a high specific heat is the hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonding is the strongest kind of bond you can have in a molecule, so it would be harder to break those bonds, even with high heat.
Answer:
The polarity of water
A Mitosis inhibitor is a medication that is designed to prevent mitosis in certain cells why would these be helpful in the treatment of tumors
Answer: It would be helpful because the cells that cause tumors would not undergo Mitosis.
Compare sight with other senses
Answer:
A) taste and smell
Explanation:
Compare sight with smell
Answer:
Sight you see smell you what it smell like
Explanation:
smell is the faculty or power of perceiving odors or scents by means of the organs in the nose.and sight is the faculty or power of seeing.
The image shows one muscle cell. Please select the correct term for the stricter labeled b.
1. troponin
2. myoglobin
3. actin
4. Myosin
Answer:
actin
because of many becauses
blood is taken to the lungs to become oxygenated and returned to the heart before being pumped through the body. which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Answer:
arteries
Explanation:
Arteries carry blood Away from the heart, and veins carry blood towards the heart.
What was the first vertebrate to appear on Earth?
Answer:
Myllokunmingia
Explanation:
fish are the first vertebrates appeared roughly 480 million years ago
This table shows the codons found in messenger RNA. Using this information, what sequence of nucleotides in the template strand of DNA could code for the polypeptide sequence Phe-Ser-Gln?
a. UUC-UCU-CAA
b. AAG-AGA-GTT
c. TTC-TCT-CAA
d. AAG-AGA-GUU
please help!
The Nucleotide sequence for Phe-Ser-Gln is UUC-UCU-CAA. The nucleic acid sequence is also known as the main structure.
What is nucleotide sequence?The order of the nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule is denoted by a string of letters called a nucleic acid sequence (GACU or GACT). Sequences are often presented according to the convention from the 5' end to the 3' end.
The covalent structure of the entire molecule can be defined by specifying the sequence because nucleic acids are typically linear (unbranched) polymers. The nucleic acid sequence is also known as the main structure because of this.
Therefore, The Nucleotide sequence for Phe-Ser-Gln is UUC-UCU-CAA. The nucleic acid sequence is also known as the main structure.
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_____ splits water into 1/2 O2, H , and e- . A structure of a thylakoid. Letters from A to E indicate definite structures. Letter A indicates the first protein complex located in the thylakoid membrane. Letter B indicates a multiprotein complex between two complexes A and C. Letter C marks the second integral membrane protein complex. Letter D marks a substance inside the thylakoid. Letter E indicates a flask-shaped structure in the membrane of the thylakoid, which has a canal through the membrane. D B C A E
The luminous reactions begin when light reaches photosystem II. The water molecules provide electrons to the photosystem, releasing oxygen and protons. The letter A represents photosystem II that splits water.
-----------
1. Luminous energy is trapped by chlorophyll in Photosystem II.
2. When the pigment molecules absorb light, electrons provided by water molecules get in a higher energy level.
3. The excited electrons go through the electron transport chain from Photosystem II to a less energetic level in photosystem I.
4. When the excited electrons leave photosystem II, they are replaced by new electrons extracted from the water molecules.
5. Luminous energy absorbed move the electrons from the photosystem I to another electron acceptor, from where they get transported again and used to produce NADPH molecules.
6. When electrons leave Photosystem I, they are replaced by new electrons coming from photosystem II.
7. When the water molecule breaks down, hydrogen ions remain in the thylakoid lumen, from where they are pumped to the stroma by the ATP synthase.
8. The released energy is used to produce ATP molecules.
9. Hydrogen ions go back from the stroma to the thylakoid compartment.
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how is a microscopes total magnification calculated
Answer:
rtr greggryrwufwffvtyfjggakakakakakrfckvwtnhurtehjnsgberwghebhj
Explanation:
HELP PLS LAWD HAVE MERCY
c decrease
Explanation:
bc it can't increase if it's going donw
Answer:
its d
Explanation:
which type of blood vessel holds the greatest volume of blood?
when does an electron emit energy in the form of a photon?
Answer:
When the electron changes levels, it decreases energy and the atom emits photons. The photon is emitted with the electron moving from a higher energy level to a lower energy level. The energy of the photon is the exact energy that is lost by the electron moving to its lower energy level.
Which example best describes the term carrying capacity?
O A. The maximum prairie dog population size that an area can sustain
over time
O B. The maximum number of young prairie dogs that a population can
care for over time
O C. The amount of space available for prairie dogs in a given area
O D. The amount of food and water available for prairie dogs in a given
area
Answer:
A the maximum prairie dog population an area can hold over time
Explanation:
the three main types of scientific investigations are descriptive, comparative, and experimental. Which components are included in all three types of investigations?
Answer:
testing a hypothesis
Explanation: