There are several factors that can affect the selection of the capitalization rate used in valuation. These include:
1. Risk: The higher the risk associated with an investment, the higher the capitalization rate will be. This is because investors will demand a higher return for taking on additional risk.
2. Economic conditions: The state of the economy can have a significant impact on the capitalization rate. In times of economic uncertainty, investors may demand a higher capitalization rate to compensate for the increased risk.
3. Location: The location of a property can have a significant impact on the capitalization rate. Properties in desirable locations will typically have lower capitalization rates because they are seen as less risky investments.
4. Competition: The level of competition in the market can affect the capitalization rate. If there are a lot of similar properties available for sale, investors may demand a higher capitalization rate to compensate for the increased competition.
5. Property condition: The condition of a property can also affect the capitalization rate. Properties that are in poor condition will typically have higher capitalization rates because they are seen as riskier investments.
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Explain why money has a time value. Explain how the time value of money (TVM) might possibly impact your life now or in the future. Give an example, from your own experiences if possible, to support your explanation. Your journal entry must be at least 200 words in length.
The time value of money (TVM) is the concept that money available today is worth more than the same amount in the future due to its potential earning capacity.
This core principle of finance holds that, provided money can earn interest, any amount of money is worth more the sooner it is received. TVM is also sometimes referred to as present discounted value.
The time value of money impacts our lives in many ways. One way is through investments. If you invest a certain amount of money today, it will be worth more in the future due to the potential earning capacity of that money. This is why it is important to start investing early, so that your money has more time to grow and earn interest.
Another way that TVM impacts our lives is through loans. When you take out a loan, you have to pay interest on that loan. The longer you take to pay back the loan, the more interest you will have to pay. This is why it is important to pay off loans as quickly as possible, so that you are not paying more in interest than you have to.
An example from my own life is when I started saving for retirement. I started saving when I was 25, and I plan to retire at age 65. By starting to save early, my money has more time to grow and earn interest, which means that I will have more money when I retire. If I had waited until I was 45 to start saving, I would have less money when I retire because my money would have less time to grow.
In conclusion, the time value of money is an important concept in finance because it affects our investments, loans, and savings. It is important to understand the time value of money so that you can make informed financial decisions and plan for your future.
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The Japanese yen is currently trading at a forward discount relative to the US dollar in the one-month forward market. An investor believes that the best forecast for the spot exchange rate one month from now is today’s spot exchange rate. Should this investor buy or sell yens in the one-month forward market now?
If the Japanese yen is currently trading at a forward discount relative to the US dollar in the one-month forward market, and the investor believes that the best forecast for the spot exchange rate one month from now is today's spot exchange rate, then the investor should sell yens in the one-month forward market now.
This is because a forward discount means that the forward exchange rate is lower than the spot exchange rate. If the investor believes that the spot exchange rate one month from now will be the same as today's spot exchange rate, then they will be able to sell the yen at a higher price in the spot market one month from now than they would be able to in the forward market now.
Therefore, by selling the yen in the one-month forward market now, the investor will be locking in a lower exchange rate and potentially missing out on the opportunity to sell at a higher exchange rate in the spot market one month from now.
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Our text states non profit organizations have more impact if they:
Our text states non profit organizations have more impact if they engage all spheres of society to be a force for good, including business, government, nonprofits, and the general public.
In other words, greatness has less to do with how nonprofits run their internal affairs and more to do with how they connect with those outside the walls of their organizations. The high-impact charities that have been investigated are content to create a "good enough" organization before directing their energies outside of their organization to spark significant change. In order to build thriving communities that are more equal, nonprofits are essential. And by working together to safeguard both their history and their crucial position in the future of America, charities may accomplish much more.
People are fed, healed, housed, educated, inspired, enlightened, and nurtured by America's 1.3 million charitable NGOs from coast to coast, border to border, and everywhere in between, of every age, gender, color, and financial position. They encourage civic participation and leadership, stimulate the economy, and bolster the social cohesion of the communities. Each and every day.
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Calton plc's budget shows BWP 2 million cost to construct a mall in London on the 30 April 2020. The mall is to be constructed in twelve months. A bank loan amounting to BWP 2 million with 18% interest was negotiated from Stanbic Bank strictly for constructing a mall, interest on surplus funds is 15% per annum. The loan capital is repayable in five (5) years. On the 30 April 2021, it was estimated that the company incurred a total cost of BWP1,2 million to construct the building. Let us assume the cost was incurred evenly throughout the year.
REQUIRED Calculate the interest income and loan interest to be capitalised
The interest income to be capitalised is BWP 120,000 and the loan interest to be capitalised is BWP 120,000.
To calculate the interest income and loan interest to be capitalised for Calton plc, we need to use the following formula:
Interest income = Surplus funds × Interest rate × Time periodFinally, we need to calculate the amount of interest to be capitalised. This is the lesser of the interest income and the loan interest, which is BWP 120,000. So, the interest to be capitalised is:
Interest to be capitalised = BWP 120,000
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In general, business writing should be _____.
Business writing is important in the business community. The writing style and material must be specific in order to elicit a meaningful reaction and be expressive in nature.
What is a company definition in a nutshell?
A business is described as a company or organisation that engages in commercial, industrial, or professional activity. Companies can be either for-profit or non-profit organisations. Limited liability firms, sole proprietorships, corporations, and partnerships are all examples of business structures. The introduction to the business plan provides a basic summary of the business plan, including a brief company description, aims and objectives, and the reason for launching the firm.
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13. A company that began the year with $23,920 in accounts receivable and ended the year with $28,080 in accounts receivable had credit sales of $338,000 and cost of goods sold of $182,000. What is the accounts receivable turnover for this company?
The accounts receivable turnover for the company will be 13
The accounts receivable turnover for this company can be calculated by using the formula:
Accounts Receivable Turnover = Net Credit Sales / Average Accounts Receivable.
To find the average accounts receivable, we can use the formula:
Average Accounts Receivable = (Beginning Accounts Receivable + Ending Accounts Receivable) / 2.
In this case, the beginning accounts receivable is $23,920 and the ending accounts receivable is $28,080.
Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
Average Accounts Receivable = ($23,920 + $28,080) / 2 = $26,000
Now, we can plug this value and the net credit sales of $338,000 into the formula for accounts receivable turnover:
Accounts Receivable Turnover = $338,000 / $26,000 = 13
Therefore, the accounts receivable turnover for this company is 13. This means that the company collected its average accounts receivable balance 13 times during the year.
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A firm has 3,000,000 shares of common stock trading at $42.48 per share. It also has 65,000 bonds outstanding (par of $1,000) that are trading at $742 each. The bonds mature in 36 years, have a coupon rate of 8.25%, and pay coupons semi-annually. The firm's beta is 1.24, the risk-free rate is 3.25%, and the market risk premium is 7.2%. The tax rate is 36%. What is the firm's WACC?
The firm's WACC is 11.63%.
To find the firm's WACC, we need to calculate the cost of equity, cost of debt, and the weight of each in the firm's capital structure.
The cost of equity can be calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM):
Cost of equity = Risk-free rate + Beta × Market risk premium
= 3.25% + 1.24 × 7.2%
= 12.17%
The cost of debt can be calculated using the Yield to Maturity (YTM) formula:
Cost of debt = (Coupon payment / Bond price) + [(Par value - Bond price) / Number of years to maturity]
= [(8.25% × $1,000) / $742] + [($1,000 - $742) / 36]
= 11.13% + 7.17%
= 18.30%
The weight of equity can be calculated by dividing the market value of equity by the total market value of the firm:
Weight of equity = (3,000,000 × $42.48) / [(3,000,000 × $42.48) + (65,000 × $742)]
= 0.91
The weight of debt can be calculated by dividing the market value of debt by the total market value of the firm:
Weight of debt = (65,000 × $742) / [(3,000,000 × $42.48) + (65,000 × $742)]
= 0.09
Finally, we can calculate the WACC by multiplying the cost and weight of each component and adding them together:
WACC = (Cost of equity × Weight of equity) + (Cost of debt × Weight of debt × (1 - Tax rate))
= (12.17% × 0.91) + (18.30% × 0.09 × (1 - 0.36))
= 11.63%
Therefore, the firm's WACC is 11.63%.
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Simpson, alsen, and eden (technometrics 1975) report the results of trials in which clouds were seeded and the amount of rainfall recorded. The authors report on 26 seeded and 26 unseeded clouds in order of the amount of rainfall, largest amount first. Here are two possible tests to study the question of whether cloud seeding works
The appropriate test is the paired t-test of m11-22 due to the paired nature of the data. b) Paired t-test shows strong evidence that cloud seeding is effective in increasing rainfall.
To test the hypothesis that cloud seeding is effective in increasing rainfall, two possible tests are suggested: Paired t-test and two sample t-test. The appropriate test for these data is the paired t-test of m11-22 because the data involves paired samples, with each pair having a natural association (i.e., the same cloud is seeded and unseeded). The paired t-test is used to compare the mean difference between the paired observations to zero, testing whether there is a significant difference in rainfall between seeded and unseeded clouds.Using the paired t-test, the authors found a mean difference of -277.39615, a t-statistic of -3.641 with 25 degrees of freedom, and a p-value of 0.0012. This indicates strong evidence against the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the amount of rainfall between seeded and unseeded clouds. Therefore, the authors concluded that cloud seeding is effective in increasing the amount of rainfall.In summary, the appropriate statistical test for the data collected by Simpson et al. is the paired t-test due to the nature of the data. The results of the test provide strong evidence that cloud seeding is effective in increasing rainfall.
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Q. Simpson, Alsen, and Eden (Technometrics 1975 ) report the results of trials in which clouds were seeded and the amount of rainfall recorded. The authors report on 26 seeded and 26 unseeded clouds in order of the amount of rainfall, largest amount first. Here are two possible tests to study the question of whether cloud seeding works. Which test is appropriate for these data? Explain your choice. Using the test you select, state your conclusion. (FIGURE CAN'T COPY) a) Which of these tests is appropriate for these data? Explain. b) Using the test you selected, state your conclusion.
An international graduate student will receive a $28,000 foundation scholarship and reduced tuition. She must pay $1,500 in tuition for each of the autumn, winter, and spring quarter, and $500 in summer. Payments are due on the first day of September, December, March, and May, respectively. Living expenses are estimated to be $1,500 per month, payable on the first day of the month. The foundation will pay her $18,000 on August 1 and the remainder on May 1. To earn as much interest as possible, the student wishes to invest the money Three types of investments are available at her bank: a 3-month CD, earning 0.75% (net 3-month rate); a 6-month CD, earning 1.9%, and a 12-month CD, earning 4.2%. Develop a linear optimization model to determine how she can best invest the money and meet her financial obligation. Use Excel and Solver.
By inputting these variables and constraints into Excel and using Solver, the student can determine the optimal number of 3, 6, and 12 month CDs to invest in in order to maximize the interest earned and meet financial obligations.
To develop a linear optimization model to determine how to best invest the money and meet financial obligations, the following variables need to be defined:
X1 = Number of 3-month CDs
X2 = Number of 6-month CDs
X3 = Number of 12-month CDs
The objective of the linear optimization model is to maximize the interest earned, which is equal to X1*0.75% + X2*1.9% + X3*4.2%. The constraints of the linear optimization model must account for the financial obligations that must be met. The student must pay $1,500 in tuition for each of the autumn, winter, and spring quarter, and $500 in summer. Additionally, living expenses are estimated to be $1,500 per month, payable on the first day of the month. The foundation will pay her $18,000 on August 1 and the remainder on May 1.
X1 + X2 + X3 = 18,000
X1 + 6X2 + 12X3 = 28,000
X1 + X2 + X3 + 2X2 + 6X3 >= 18,000 + 2*1,500 + 6*1,500
X1 + X2 + X3 + 2X2 + 6X3 <= 28,000 + 2*1,500 + 6*1,500
X1, X2, and X3 >= 0
By inputting these variables and constraints into Excel and using Solver, the student can determine the optimal number of 3, 6, and 12 month CDs to invest in in order to maximize the interest earned and meet financial obligations.
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On December 31st 2021 the retained earnings of Bigco, Inc shows a balance of $87,000
The company expects a net income of $130.000 for year 2022
The company has 10% preferred issued and outstanding for a total amount of $1,000,000
The company has an average of 100,000 common stocks outstanding throughout the year 2021. The number of common stocks is not supposed to change during year 2022.
Calculate the maximum amount of common stock dividends that could be paid to the stockholders on January 2022 and January 2023 considering that
1. The preferred stock are cumulative (10 points)
2. The preferred stocks are non cumulative (10 points)
1. The preferred stock are cumulative:
For the preferred stock dividends, we need to calculate 10% of $1,000,000 which is $100,000. This amount will be paid to the preferred stockholders before the common stockholders can receive any dividends.
Since the preferred stock are cumulative, the unpaid dividends will accumulate and will be paid before any common stock dividends are paid.
On January 2022, the available retained earnings for common stock dividends will be $87,000 - $100,000 = -$13,000. This means that there will be no common stock dividends paid on January 2022.
On January 2023, the available retained earnings for common stock dividends will be $87,000 + $130,000 - $100,000 - $100,000 = $17,000. This means that the maximum amount of common stock dividends that could be paid on January 2023 is $17,000.
2. The preferred stocks are non cumulative:
For the preferred stock dividends, we need to calculate 10% of $1,000,000 which is $100,000. This amount will be paid to the preferred stockholders before the common stockholders can receive any dividends.
Since the preferred stock are non cumulative, the unpaid dividends will not accumulate and will not be paid in the future.
On January 2022, the available retained earnings for common stock dividends will be $87,000 - $100,000 = -$13,000. This means that there will be no common stock dividends paid on January 2022.
On January 2023, the available retained earnings for common stock dividends will be $87,000 + $130,000 - $100,000 = $117,000. This means that the maximum amount of common stock dividends that could be paid on January 2023 is $117,000.
In conclusion, the maximum amount of common stock dividends that could be paid to the stockholders on January 2022 and January 2023 depends on whether the preferred stock are cumulative or non cumulative.
If the preferred stock are cumulative, the maximum amount of common stock dividends that could be paid on January 2023 is $17,000. If the preferred stock are non cumulative, the maximum amount of common stock dividends that could be paid on January 2023 is $117,000.
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Compare and contrast risks and assumptions. What is the core
difference? Why is it important to identify both?
The key difference between risks and assumptions is that risks refer to events or circumstances that may or may not happen, while assumptions are accepted facts used to make estimations and decisions.
It is important to identify both because risks can present potential threats to a project’s success, while assumptions help shape the project’s approach and strategy.
Risks can include external elements such as changes in the market, economy, or technology, as well as internal elements such as employee absence, limited resources, or even natural disasters.
Assumptions, on the other hand, are often linked to knowledge gaps and unproven ideas. For example, a team might assume a new technology is suitable for a project and will perform as expected.
Identifying both risks and assumptions is important because it helps teams plan, design, and build more effective and accurate projects. Knowing both enables teams to make informed decisions, develop more effective strategies, and achieve their goals more efficiently.
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I am applying for student investment fund and wanted help in regarding these questions.
If you could write a example of them it would be a great help.
thank you
Please answer the following questions in 1-2 pages:
1. What about the Student Investment Fund experience has attracted you to apply?
2. Provide a previous example/situation in which you exemplified the skills of time management, perseverance and/or another trait you believe necessary for this fund.
3. What current and upcoming events have and will likely affect the financial markets in the coming months? Provide reasons for your predictions and the anticipated effects on domestic and global securities markets.
1.I am attracted to the Student Investment Fund because it provides a unique opportunity to build skills and knowledge n the areas of finance and investing.
2. Provide a previous example/situation in which you exemplified the skills of time management, perseverance and/or another trait you believe necessary for this fund.
3.Currently, the global economy is being affected by the novel coronavirus pandemic.
I am passionate about developing an understanding of the financial markets and how they affect everyday life. Additionally, I am excited to have the chance to apply my analytical and problem-solving skills to challenging situations.
In a previous project I was assigned to, I had to develop a plan for a new product launch. I needed to coordinate with different stakeholders and track progress on a daily basis. To do this, I developed a timeline and checklist, managed time efficiently and communicated updates with stakeholders on a regular basis. Through this process, I demonstrated strong time management and perseverance.
This has resulted in increased volatility and uncertainty in the markets, with many investors choosing to reduce risk by pulling back on investments. In the coming months, the markets will be affected by a variety of economic and political events, including the outcome of the 2020 U.S. election, the progress of stimulus measures, the progress of vaccine development, and more. These events could cause significant changes in market sentiment and prices. It is expected that domestic and global securities markets will remain volatile in the coming months, and investors should be mindful of potential risks.
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LIABILITIES ASSETS Prepaid Expenses Accounts Receivable Cash Unused Supplies Truck Bank Loan Accounts Payable Unearned Revenue EQUITY Share Retained Capital Earnings $ 3,000.00 1 $ 1 $10,000.00 1 1 $ 8,000.00 3,000.00 10,000.00 (8,000.00) 15,000.00 (600.00) 2,000.00 3 4 $ 15,000.00 $ $ 600.00 5 2,000.00 $ 5,000.00 7 9 $ 5,000.00 (250.00) (250.00) $ 500.00 $ 500.00 (1,000.00) (200.00) 12 15 16 20 25 28 31 31 1,000.00 (200.00 (250.00) (2,800.00) (250.00) (2,800.00) no effect 6,000.00 6,000.00 (500.00) 500.00 250.00 $ 16,500.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 8,250.00 $ 18,900.00 $ 10,000.00 $ 600.00 $ 500.00 $ 8,000.00 $10,000.00 $ $ $ Cash Accounts Receivable Prepaid Expenses Unused Supplies Truck Total Assets 18,900.00 10,000.00 600.00 500.00 8,000.00 38,000.00 Bank Loan Accounts Payable Unearned Revenue Total Liabilities Total Liabilities $ 26,750.00 Total Equity 11,250.00 Total Liabilities & Equity $ 38,000.00 10,000.00 250.00 16,500.00 26,750.00 $ $ $ Share Capita Retained Earnings Total Equity 3,000.00 8.250.00 11,250.00 $ ASSETS = LIABILITIES + CAPITAL PROBLEM 1–4 (L04) Preparing Financial Statements II Required: Refer to your answer for Problem 1-3. Prepare an income statement and a statement of changes in equity for the month ended August 31, 2015. Label the revenue earned as Fees Eamned. Prepare a balance sheet at August 31, 2015.
Balance sheet as follows: Total Assets $30,100.00, Total Liabilities $26,750.00 and Total Liabilities & Equity $30,100.00
Income Statement for the Month Ended August 31, 2015
Revenues: Fees Earned $18,900.00
Expenses: Accounts Payable $10,000.00 Unearned Revenue $250.00
Net Income: $8,650.00
Statement of Changes in Equity for the Month Ended August 31, 2015
Beginning Equity:
Share Capital $3,000.00 Retained Earnings $8,250.00 Total Equity $11,250.00
Add: Net Income $8,650.00
Ending Equity:
Share Capital $3,000.00 Retained Earnings $16,900.00 Total Equity $19,900.00
Balance Sheet at August 31, 2015
Assets:
Cash $6,000.00 Accounts Receivable $15,000.00 Prepaid Expenses $600.00 Unused Supplies $500.00 Truck $8,000.00
Total Assets $30,100.00
Liabilities:
Bank Loan $10,000.00 Accounts Payable $250.00 Unearned Revenue $16,500.00 Total Liabilities $26,750.00
Equity: Share Capital $3,000.00 Retained Earnings $16,900.00 Total Equity $19,900.00
Total Liabilities & Equity $30,100.00
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Mr. Adam requires $26,000 at the beginning of each year from2015 to 2019. How much should he deposit at the end of each yearfrom 2005 to 2010, if the interest rate is 12% per year.
Mr. Adam should deposit $3,079.22 at the end of each year from 2005 to 2010 in order to have $26,000 at the beginning of each year from 2015 to 2019.
In order to determine the amount of deposit at the end of each year from 2005 to 2010 at an interest rate is 12% per year follow the following steps.
1. First, we need to calculate the present value of the $26,000 that Mr. Adam requires at the beginning of each year from 2015 to 2019. We can use the formula for the present value of an annuity:
PV = PMT × [(1 - (1 + i)^-n)/i]
where PV is the present value, PMT is the payment, i is the interest rate, and n is the number of periods.
2. Plugging in the values from the question, we get:
PV = $26,000 × [(1 - (1 + 0.12)^-5)/0.12] = $95,396.38
3. Now, we need to calculate how much Mr. Adam should deposit at the end of each year from 2005 to 2010 in order to have this present value in 2015. We can use the same formula, but rearrange it to solve for PMT:
PMT = PV × [i/(1 - (1 + i)^-n)]
4. Plugging in the values from the question, we get:
PMT = $95,396.38 × [0.12/(1 - (1 + 0.12)^-6)] = $3,079.22
Therefore, Mr. Adam should deposit $3,079.22 at the end of each year from 2005 to 2010 in order to have $26,000 at the beginning of each year from 2015 to 2019.
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Definition of Federal fundssold , Repurchased Agreement , Funds fund purchased and surplus?
Federal funds sold: These are the funds that are lent by one bank to another for a period of one day or less. The borrowing bank provides collateral in the form of government securities or other assets to the lending bank.
Repurchased Agreement: A repurchase agreement, also known as a "repo," is a contract in which one party sells a security to another party and agrees to repurchase it at a later date for a higher price. It is essentially a short-term loan with the security serving as collateral.
Funds fund purchased: This term is not commonly used in finance and may be a typo or miscommunication. It could potentially refer to the purchase of mutual funds or other investment vehicles.
Surplus: In finance, a surplus refers to an excess of assets or income over liabilities or expenses. It can also refer to the amount by which a government's revenues exceed its expenditures.
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You have several applicants for a Level 3 supervisor’s job. The job description follows:Supervise 15 technicians (ages 24–58)Schedule work for the sectionAttend planning meetings with top-level managers/staffTroubleshoot technical problems that may occur in the sectionYou must select from the applicants described below.Female, 30 years old, with a four-year business degree. Work experience as a retail store department head while attending college. Since she paid for all college expenses herself and was working full time, she required eight years to complete degree. No experience in the technical field but described by her professors as "a fast learner; highly motivated."Male, 35 years old, with a two-year technical degree in the area to be supervised. No managerial experience. Has been working as a technician with another organization since graduating. Wants to join this company because he feels he has a greater opportunity for advancement. Current employer HR manager describes him as "an average worker; no attendance problems; perhaps frustrated by lack of opportunities with our company."Minority male, 55 years old, who just retired from the military as an officer. Considerable experience in managing people but no technical background for the job; excellent references. He states, "I know I don’t have the technical expertise right now but I've had many jobs in the military where I did not have the expertise, and I learned what I had to very quickly."Male, 30 years old, who has been a technician in this section for one year. No degree; was trained "on the job." First year performance evaluation was "good" on quality and quantity of work. The outgoing supervisor stated, "He will need to work hard to be a good delegator. He tends to do everything himself. It is always difficult to become the boss of people who have been your peers." The candidate thinks the section will accept him as their supervisor and that he will work very hard to create a team atmosphere. (No one else in the section applied for the position.)Which applicant do you recommend for the job? Remember to hire a Level 3 supervisor in the Staffing decision input screen or if option 4 is selected, remember to promote an employee to Level 3. This is in addition to the people that you will be hiring and promoting this decision period.Once a decision is made, how will you implement and monitor your decision?
Once the decision is made, I would implement it by communicating the decision to the selected candidate and providing her with a clear job description and expectations.To monitor the decision, I would schedule regular check-ins with the new supervisor to discuss her progress and address any challenges she may be facing.
Based on the job description and the qualifications of the applicants, I recommend selecting the female applicant for the Level 3 supervisor's job. Although she does not have technical experience, she has a four-year business degree and work experience as a retail store department head.
She also has a strong work ethic, as evidenced by her ability to pay for all of her college expenses while working full time. Her professors also describe her as "a fast learner; highly motivated," which indicates that she would be able to quickly learn the technical aspects of the job.
I would also communicate the decision to the other applicants and provide them with feedback on their qualifications and the reasons for the decision.
I would also gather feedback from the technicians she is supervising to assess their satisfaction with her performance. By regularly monitoring the decision, I can make any necessary adjustments to ensure the success of the new supervisor and the section as a whole.
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Discuss how management accounting is different fromfinancial accounting. (10 mark)
Financial accounting is focused on recording and reporting historical financial information, whereas management accounting is focused on providing decision-making information for the future.
Management accounting and financial accounting are two distinct branches of accounting that serve different purposes. The key differences between the two are as follows:
1. Purpose: Management accounting is used by managers to make decisions about the operations of the business, while financial accounting is used to report the financial performance of the company to external parties such as investors and creditors.
2. Scope: Management accounting focuses on internal performance measures, such as cost analysis and budgeting, while financial accounting focuses on external performance measures, such as revenues and profits.
3. Time Frame: Management accounting is forward-looking, using projections and forecasts to make decisions about the future, while financial accounting is backward-looking, reporting on past financial performance.
4. Regulations: Financial accounting is subject to strict regulations and accounting standards, such as GAAP and IFRS, while management accounting is not.
5. Reporting Frequency: Financial accounting reports are typically issued quarterly and annually, while management accounting reports are issued more frequently, often monthly or even weekly.
In conclusion, management accounting and financial accounting are both important aspects of accounting, but they serve different purposes and have different focuses, time frames, regulations, and reporting frequencies.
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36. Influence of Tax Laws on MNC’s Choice of Home
Base Explain how U.S. corporate income tax laws have encouraged
some U.S.-based MNCs to consider moving their parent to another
country.
The U.S. corporate income tax laws have encouraged some U.S.-based MNCs to consider moving their parent to another country in order to take advantage of lower tax rates. This process is known as "tax inversion" and it involves a U.S.-based MNC merging with a foreign company and moving its parent to the foreign company's home country.
One of the main reasons why U.S.-based MNCs consider moving their parent to another country is because the U.S. has one of the highest corporate income tax rates in the world. By moving their parent to a country with lower tax rates, MNCs can reduce their overall tax burden and increase their profits.
Additionally, the U.S. tax laws allow MNCs to defer paying taxes on their foreign earnings until they are repatriated to the U.S. This encourages MNCs to keep their profits overseas and to reinvest them in foreign operations rather than bringing them back to the U.S.
While tax inversion can be beneficial for MNCs, it can also have negative consequences for the U.S. economy. For example, when MNCs move their parent to another country, they may also move their headquarters and other operations, which can result in job losses in the U.S.
Additionally, tax inversion can reduce the amount of tax revenue that the U.S. government collects, which can have an impact on government programs and services.
In conclusion, U.S. corporate income tax laws have encouraged some U.S.-based MNCs to consider moving their parent to another country in order to take advantage of lower tax rates and to defer paying taxes on their foreign earnings. While this can be beneficial for MNCs, it can also have negative consequences for the U.S. economy.
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Edward and Ruth were not only best friends, they were coworkers— coworkers who were very passionate about their jobs and their company! The Job Shop, the clever name of the company where they work, produces and sells several different styles of reading glasses. Today, on The Job Shop floor, Edward and Ruth are discussing the styles of readers that are currently in production.
Edward: You see this job over here, Ruth? This job (#AA110) was started last month, but now it’s finally ready to ship. I heard that most of the order is already sold, in fact.
Ruth: Really? I heard something similar about the job on the other side of the plant (#AA111). That is, I heard most of it is already sold, too. But, because that job just started at the beginning of this month, I bet it’ll be more profitable because it didn’t have to sit in processing as long.
Edward: Ruth, I don’t think that’s how this works. Remember our manager telling us that we need to keep our machine hours down to a minimum? The reason is because we use machine hours to budget and apply our MOH costs to our products. If the job is just sitting there, waiting for the next processing step to be completed, it is not using machine hours, so more MOH costs shouldn’t be applied because hours are not being used.
Edward is correct in that only one job (#AA110) is still in process on January 1, 2025. The job cost sheet for Job #AA110 shows that $7,300 of direct material had been used on the job in 2024. Direct labor used on the job in 2024 was $2,950, and MOH applied to the job in 2024 was $5,350. Ruth is also correct as Job #AA111 was started in January. But two other jobs were freshly started in January, too: #AA112, #AA113.
Material cost, labor cost, and machine hour usage for January is as follows.
Job # Direct
Materials
Requisitioned
Direct Labor
Cost Incurred
Machine
Hours Worked
AA110
$2,700 $2,200 90
AA111
8,600 3,390 270
AA112
6,800 2,800 160
AA113
5,000 2,400 120
Based on the information provided, it appears that Edward is correct in his understanding of how machine hours and MOH costs are applied to the company's products. If a job is just waiting for the next processing step to be completed, it is not using machine hours, and thus, more MOH costs should not be applied. This means that Ruth's assumption that Job #AA111 will be more profitable because it didn't have to sit in processing as long may not necessarily be true.
Looking at the cost data provided, we can see that Job #AA110 had already incurred $7,300 of direct material costs and $2,950 of direct labor costs in 2024. In addition, $5,350 of MOH costs had been applied to the job in 2024. As of January 1, 2025, the job was still in process and had used an additional 90 machine hours. No new MOH costs would have been applied to the job in January because it was not waiting for the next processing step to be completed.
For the jobs started in January 2025, we can see that Job #AA111 had incurred $8,600 of direct material costs, $3,390 of direct labor costs, and had used 270 machine hours. Job #AA112 had incurred $6,800 of direct material costs, $2,800 of direct labor costs, and had used 160 machine hours. Job #AA113 had incurred $5,000 of direct material costs, $2,400 of direct labor costs, and had used 120 machine hours.
Overall, it is difficult to determine which job will be more profitable based solely on the information provided. Profitability depends on a variety of factors, including the selling price of the product, the amount of overhead costs applied, and the amount of revenue generated. However, it is clear that the amount of machine hours used and the amount of MOH costs applied are important factors to consider when analyzing profitability.
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Read Corporate Responsibilities document.
Then in about 750 words qualify the breadth of responsibility of the modern corporation, as well as the constraints and tradeoffs involved in the exercise of that responsibility.
Be sure to include: (1) Business excellence; (2) world class excellence; (3) strategy; (4) benchmarking; and (5) Customer centricity.
Reading informational text can be a challenge for students, so two of the approaches/tools from Chapter 8 in "Classrooms That Work" that I will use with my students are the Question-Answer Relationship (QAR) strategy and Question-Generation Strategies (QGS).
I selected these tools because they focus on teaching students to actively engage with the text, rather than passively reading it. The QAR strategy helps students to understand what they are reading by prompting them to identify questions in the text and then find the answers within it.
This encourages them to pay attention to detail and to better comprehend the text. The QGS strategy teaches students to develop their own questions about a text, which is helpful for understanding and summarizing the information.
I think these tools will help my students engage more in reading informational text by teaching them to be active and critical readers.
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(10 Marks) Gerry likes driving small cars and buys nearly identical ones whenever the old one needs replacing. Typically, he trades in his old car for a new one costing about $15 000. A new car warranty covers all repair costs above standard maintenance (standard maintenance costs are constant over the life of the car) for the first two years. After that, his records show an average repair expense Cover standard maintenance) of $2500 in the third year (at the end of the year), increasing by 50 percent per year thereafter. If a 30 percent declining balance depreciation rate is used to estimate salvage values and interest is 8 percent, how often should Gerry get a new car?
To determine how often Gerry should get a new car, we need to calculate the total cost of ownership for different lengths of time and compare them to find the lowest cost option.
The total cost of ownership includes the purchase price of the car, the salvage value, and the repair costs.
First, let's calculate the salvage value of the car for different lengths of time using the 30% declining balance depreciation rate:
Year 1: $15,000 - ($15,000 * 0.30) = $10,500
Year 2: $10,500 - ($10,500 * 0.30) = $7,350
Year 3: $7,350 - ($7,350 * 0.30) = $5,145
Year 4: $5,145 - ($5,145 * 0.30) = $3,601.50
Next, let's calculate the repair costs for different lengths of time:
Year 1: $0 (covered by warranty)
Year 2: $0 (covered by warranty)
Year 3: $2,500
Year 4: $2,500 + ($2,500 * 0.50) = $3,750
Now, let's calculate the total cost of ownership for different lengths of time:
Year 1: $15,000 - $10,500 + $0 = $4,500
Year 2: $15,000 - $7,350 + $0 = $7,650
Year 3: $15,000 - $5,145 + $2,500 = $12,355
Year 4: $15,000 - $3,601.50 + $3,750 = $15,148.50
Finally, let's compare the total cost of ownership for different lengths of time to find the lowest cost option:
Year 1: $4,500
Year 2: $7,650
Year 3: $12,355
Year 4: $15,148.50
The lowest cost option is to get a new car every year, with a total cost of ownership of $4,500. Therefore, Gerry should get a new car every year to minimize his total cost of ownership.
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Carl is interested in becoming a market researcher. In which department will he most likely need to start?
1. Sales
2. Design
3. Advertising
4. Distribution
If Carl is interested in becoming a market researcher, he is most likely to need to start in the Design or Advertising department.
Market research is focused on understanding consumer behavior and preferences, which can help inform the design and advertising of products and services.
In the Design department, Carl could work on creating products that meet the needs and wants of consumers by conducting market research to understand what features and designs are most desirable.
In the Advertising department, Carl could work on developing ad campaigns that are tailored to the needs and wants of different segments of the market, using market research to identify the best messaging and creative strategies.
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Sam is in charge of the audit of Olly Design. Several young assistant accountants are working with Sam on the engagement, and several are avid wind-surfers. Olly Design owns two chalets on Surfers Beach, which it uses to entertain clients. The financial comptroller of Olly Design has told Sam that he and his audit staff are welcome to use the chalets at no charge any time when the chalets are not already in use.
Required:
i. Explain and elaborate on the code of ethics governing the conduct of auditors.
ii. If Sam were to accept the offer, how would Sam’s independence as an auditor be affected.
i) The code of ethics governing the conduct of auditors is designed to ensure that auditors maintain their independence and objectivity when conducting an audit.
This includes avoiding any conflicts of interest that may arise from accepting gifts or other forms of compensation from the company they are auditing.
ii) If Sam were to accept the offer to use the chalets at no charge, his independence as an auditor would be compromised.
This is because he would be receiving a personal benefit from the company he is auditing, which could create a conflict of interest and potentially influence his judgment and objectivity when conducting the audit.
It is important for auditors to avoid any appearance of impropriety and to maintain their independence at all times in order to maintain the integrity of the audit process and the trust of the public.
Therefore, it would be best for Sam to decline the offer to use the chalets and to ensure that his assistant accountants do the same. This will help to maintain the independence and objectivity of the audit team and ensure that they are able to conduct the audit in a fair and unbiased manner.
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Video concepts, inc. (vci) manufactures a line of dvd recorders (dvds) that are distributed to large retailers. The line consists of three models of dvds. The following data are available regarding the models: model dvd selling price variable cost demand/year per unit per unit (units) model lx1 $175 $100 2000 model lx2 $250 $125 1000 model lx3 $300 $140 500 vci is considering the addition of a fourth model to its line of dvds. This model would be sold to retailers for $375. The variable cost of this unit is $225. The demand for the new model lx4 is estimated to be 300 units per year, sixty percent of these units sales of the new model is expected to come from other models already being manufactured by vci (10 percent from model lx1, 30 percent from model lx2 and 60 percent from model lx3. Vci will incur a fixed cost of 20,000 to add new model to the line. Based on the data do you think they should add a new model lx4 to the lines or vcr's and if so why?
Using the contribution margin to calculate the net profit, it would not be profitable for VCR to add the new model LX4 to its line of DVD recorders.
Is there a justification to add a new model lx4 to the lines or vcr's?To determine whether VCI should add the new model LX4 to its line of DVD recorders, we need to calculate the incremental profit from adding the new model and compare it to the fixed cost of $20,000.
First, let's calculate the contribution margin per unit for each of the existing models:
Model LX1: Selling price per unit ($175) - Variable cost per unit ($100) = $75 contribution margin per unitModel LX2: Selling price per unit ($250) - Variable cost per unit ($125) = $125 contribution margin per unitModel LX3: Selling price per unit ($300) - Variable cost per unit ($140) = $160 contribution margin per unitNext, let's calculate the incremental profit from adding the new model LX4:
Selling price per unit ($375) - Variable cost per unit ($225) = $150 contribution margin per unitSales per year (300 units) x Contribution margin per unit ($150) = $45,000 incremental profit from new modelNow let's consider the expected impact on the sales of existing models:
Model LX1: 10% of 300 units = 30 units x Selling price per unit ($175) x Contribution margin per unit ($75) = $52,500 reduction in profitModel LX2: 30% of 300 units = 90 units x Selling price per unit ($250) x Contribution margin per unit ($125) = $11,250 reduction in profitModel LX3: 60% of 300 units = 180 units x Selling price per unit ($300) x Contribution margin per unit ($160) = $28,800 reduction in profitThe total reduction in profit from the existing models is $92,550. However, the incremental profit from the new model is $45,000, so the net profit impact of adding the new model LX4 is:
Net profit impact = Incremental profit - Reduction in profit from existing models
Net profit impact = $45,000 - $92,550
Net profit impact = -$47,550
Since the net profit impact of adding the new model is negative, it would not be profitable for VCR to add the new model LX4 to its line of DVD recorders. The fixed cost of $20,000 to add the new model would only exacerbate the negative impact on VCI's profits. Therefore, VCR should not add the new model to its line.
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Explain (in detail) and provide at least two (2) detailed examples illustrating the nature of and how problem-solving skill competencies can be of value to the organization
The nature of problem-solving skill competencies is to identify and analyze problems, develop and implement solutions, and evaluate the effectiveness of those solutions.
Problem-solving skills are essential for organizations to improve their efficiency, productivity, and achieve their goals.
One way that problem-solving skills are valuable is through identifying and analyzing problems.
Understanding the root cause of a problem allows an organization to develop effective solutions, which can ultimately increase profitability.
Another way problem-solving skills benefit an organization is through developing and implementing solutions.
Effective solutions prevent problems from recurring, reduce costs, and improve customer satisfaction.
This leads to increased profitability and success.
In conclusion, problem-solving skills are valuable for organizations to achieve their goals by improving their overall performance.
Identifying and analyzing problems and developing and implementing solutions are examples of how problem-solving skills can benefit an organization.
By continually evaluating and improving solutions, organizations can achieve greater success.
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(1) A firm's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is sometimes referred to as the hurdle rate. What is the purpose of calculating the firm's WACC? Why is the WACC referred to as the hurdle rate?(2) Based on your opinion, which component cost (cost of debt, cost of preferred stock, cost of retained earnings, or cost of new common stock) is easier to calculate? Which component cost is more difficult to calculate? Why?
(1) The purpose of calculating a firm's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is to determine the required rate of return that the firm's investors expect for providing capital to the firm.
(2) In my opinion, the cost of debt is the easiest component cost to calculate because it is simply the interest rate that the firm pays on its debt.
The WACC is referred to as the hurdle rate because it represents the minimum rate of return that a project or investment must earn in order to be accepted by the firm. If a project's expected rate of return is lower than the WACC, then the firm should not undertake the project because it will not earn enough to compensate its investors for the risk they are taking.
The cost of new common stock is the most difficult to calculate because it requires estimating the expected rate of return that investors will require for providing new equity capital to the firm. This requires taking into account factors such as the firm's risk, the current state of the stock market, and the expected future performance of the firm.
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1) New Company reported Operating cash flow to Current Liabilities ratios of 2.82 in 2018 and 3.04 in 2017. Which of the following statements are incorrect?
Group of answer choices
a. New Company had $2.82 in current liabilities for every $ of cash flow from operations in 2018.
b. New Company's ability to meet its current liabilities deteriorated in 2018.
c. New Company is less liquid in 2018.
2) During 2020, J Company reported an Operating Funds Ratio of 1.6, and P Company reported an Operating Funds Ratio of 1.097. What does this ratio communicate? Indicate all answers that are correct.
Group of answer choices
a. P Company is generating more operating cash flows.
b. J Compnay is doing a better job of converting its earnings into cash flows.
c. P Company is doing a better job of converting its earnings into cash flows.
d. J Company is generating more operating cash flow.
3) In its most recent 10-K, Ambassador Inc. reported the following (in millions):
Total liabilities
$8,172.0
Total stockholders' equity
$4,815.6
The percentage of Ambassador's total assets financed by owner sources is closest to:
Group of answer choices
a. 62.9%.
b. 41.1%.
c. 37.1%.
1) New company reported operating cash flow to current liabilities ratios of 2.82 in 2018 and 3.04 in 2017, hence incorrect statement is new company had $2.82 in current liabilities for every $ of cash flow from operations in 2018 (Option a). 2) An operating funds ratio of 1.097 communicates that J company is doing a better job of converting its earnings into cash flows (Option b). 3) The percentage of Ambassador's total assets financed by owner sources is closest to 41.1% (Option b).
1) The incorrect statement is a. New Company had $2.82 in current liabilities for every $ of cash flow from operations in 2018. This statement is incorrect because the operating cash flow to current liabilities ratio actually means that new company had $2.82 in operating cash flow for every $1 of current liabilities in 2018.
2) The correct answer is b. J Company is doing a better job of converting its earnings into cash flows and d. J Company is generating more operating cash flow. The operating funds ratio measures a company's ability to generate cash flow from operations relative to its liabilities. A higher ratio indicates that the company is generating more operating cash flow and is better able to meet its liabilities.
Therefore, J Company, with a higher operating funds ratio, is doing a better job of converting its earnings into cash flows and is generating more operating cash flow than P Company.
3) The correct answer is b. 41.1%. The percentage of Ambassador's total assets financed by owner sources can be calculated by dividing total stockholders' equity by total assets (total liabilities + total stockholders' equity). This gives us:
Total stockholders' equity / Total assets = $4,815.6 / ($8,172.0 + $4,815.6) = 0.411 or 41.1%
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me and my group members have to put on a act about (what happens if u don't pay enough attention to the task your doing in the workshop) so it's basically about what what would happen if you don't pay attention any suggestions on what we can say or do
In the act, you can start by showing that many students are attending the workshop and everyone is paying attention to it. When the task was assigned everyone was able to complete it but one student was not able to because he or she was not paying attention.
What is attention?Attention in psychology is the concentration of awareness on some phenomenon to the exclusion of other stimuli. A process of selectively concentrating on a discrete aspect of information, whether considered subjective or objective. William James wrote that "Attention is the taking possession by the mind, in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought. Focalization, concentration, of consciousness are of its essence.
Attention has also been described as the allocation of limited cognitive processing resources.
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At a flour trading enterprise applying inventory accounting using the perpetual inventory method, determining the value of inventory using the FIFO method, the material situation is as follows:
Inventory at the beginning of April:
+ Account 152-G64 (rice details 64): quantity 300kg, unit price of warehousing 8,000 VND/kg
+ Account 152-GD (details of sticky rice): quantity 200kg, warehouse unit price 11,000 VND/kg
1. Buy 1 ton of rice 64 with the unit price of 7,600 VND/kg (item not subject to VAT), have not yet paid to Cooperative X, and stocked enough to serve production. The cost of transporting rice to the warehouse is VND 1,320,000 (including 10% VAT rate) to be paid in cash.
2. Buy 3 tons of Tai Nguyen rice and 2 tons of Deo rice, the purchase price is 8,500 VND/kg Tai Nguyen rice and 11,200 VND/kg Plastic rice respectively, paid by bank deposit. (Items are not subject to VAT). The cost of transporting, loading and unloading rice to stock enough to serve production is 2,310,000 VND (including 10% VAT rate) paid in advance.
3. Purchased and brought into stock the packaging of powder products 100,000 pieces, the tax-exclusive value was VND 35,000,000, the VAT rate of 10% had not yet been paid to the printing house in Q.
4. Purchase without payment from supplier M 100kg oatmeal, purchase price before tax is 30,000 VND/kg, 10% VAT rate on import is enough for sale.
5. Received a discount invoice from Q printer, because the number of packages delivered by this printer to the company is faulty. Discounted price before tax is 5,000,000 VND, 10% VAT rate and deducted from debt with suppliers.
6. The company returned 20kg of oats that did not meet the quality and design as committed, and the company issued an invoice and offset the debt with the seller.
7. Received a discount invoice from cooperative X, because the quantity of rice 64 is not of the right quality as agreed between the two parties. The discounted price before tax is VND 2,000,000 and deducted from the debt owed to the supplier.
Requirements: Keep a diary (account) of the above transactions.
At the flour trading enterprise, the perpetual inventory method is used to determine the value of inventory using the FIFO method.
The following transactions took place during the month of April:
1. Purchase of 1 ton of rice 64 at a unit price of 7,600 VND/kg, with a transportation cost of 1,320,000 VND.
2. Purchase of 3 tons of Tai Nguyen rice and 2 tons of Deo rice at unit prices of 8,500 VND/kg and 11,200 VND/kg respectively, with a transportation cost of 2,310,000 VND.
3. Purchase of 100,000 pieces of packaging for powder products at a tax-exclusive value of 35,000,000 VND.
4. Purchase of 100kg of oatmeal at a unit price of 30,000 VND/kg, with a 10% VAT rate.
5. Receipt of a discount invoice from Q printer for faulty packages, with a discounted price of 5,000,000 VND.
6. Return of 20kg of oats due to quality and design issues.
7. Receipt of a discount invoice from cooperative X for rice 64 that did not meet quality standards, with a discounted price of 2,000,000 VND.
The journal entries for these transactions would be as follows:
1. Debit Inventory (rice 64) 7,600,000 VND, debit Transportation Expense 1,320,000 VND, credit Accounts Payable (cooperative X) 8,920,000 VND.
2. Debit Inventory (Tai Nguyen rice) 25,500,000 VND, debit Inventory (Deo rice) 22,400,000 VND, debit Transportation Expense 2,310,000 VND, credit Cash 50,210,000 VND.
3. Debit Inventory (packaging) 35,000,000 VND, credit Accounts Payable (Q printer) 35,000,000 VND.
4. Debit Inventory (oatmeal) 3,000,000 VND, credit Accounts Payable (M supplier) 3,000,000 VND.
5. Debit Accounts Payable (Q printer) 5,000,000 VND, credit Inventory (packaging) 5,000,000 VND.
6. Debit Accounts Payable (M supplier) 600,000 VND, credit Inventory (oatmeal) 600,000 VND.
7. Debit Accounts Payable (cooperative X) 2,000,000 VND, credit Inventory (rice 64) 2,000,000 VND.
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If estimated production overhead in the printing department is $120,000 and actual overhead is $116,000 and estimated machine hours in the printing department are 30,000 hours and actual machine hours are 32,000 hours, the under or over applied overhead is:
Select one:
a. None of these
b. $8,000 under-applied
c. $4,000 under-applied
d. $4,000 over-applied
e. $12,000 over-applied
The under or over applied overhead can be calculated by finding the difference between the estimated production overhead and the actual overhead.
In this case, the estimated production overhead is $120,000 and the actual overhead is $116,000. The difference between these two values is $4,000.
Since the actual overhead is less than the estimated production overhead, this means that the overhead is under-applied. Therefore, the correct answer is option c. $4,000 under-applied.
Here is the calculation:
Estimated production overhead - Actual overhead = Under or over applied overhead
$120,000 - $116,000 = $4,000 under-applied
Answer: c. $4,000 under-applied
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