The degree of postoperative curve correction decreases the risk of postoperative pneumonia in patients who are undergoing both fusion and growth-friendly surgical treatment of neuromuscular scoliosis.
Study on post-operative pneumonia risk:Due to a combination of insufficient respiratory muscle control and mechanical lung compression brought on by spine and chest wall deformities, patients with neuromuscular (NM) early-onset scoliosis (EOS) are significantly more likely to experience pulmonary complications, including pneumonia. The purpose of this study is to ascertain how surgical intervention affects postoperative pneumonia risk and prevalence in patients with NM EOS.
Data on Postoperative curve correctionThis retrospective cohort analysis identified children with NM EOS (18 years of age or younger) who received index fusion or growth-friendly instrumentation from 2000 to 2018.
Patients were split into two groups at the first postoperative visit: those with a 50% correction of the curve and those with a 50% correction of the coronal deformity.
The major outcome of interest was postoperative pneumonia that appeared between three weeks and two years after surgery. A manual chart review was combined with phone call surveys to ensure that all incidences of preoperative/postoperative pneumonia (i.e., in-institution and out-of-institution visits) were documented.
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a nurse is teaching a health class about human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). which basic methods are used to reduce the incidence of hiv transmission? select all that apply.
The methods are used to reduce the incidence of hiv transmission are Rinse and wash contaminated clothing separately,Dispose of contaminated articles in a sealed plastic bag and place in the trash, and Dispose of sharp objects by using a red biohazard container if available. Thus, option 3rd, 4th, and 5th is correct.
What is HIV ?Human Immunodeficiency Virus is the causative organism that causes AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome which is a serious disease which destroys the immunity system of the patient and day by day the patient looses his immunity and unable to fight from any infection or disease.
Dispose of contaminated articles in a sealed plastic bag and place in the trash,Dispose of sharp objects by using a red biohazard container if available.Use a disinfectant wash cloth to clean the refrigerator.Rinse and wash contaminated clothing separately,Dispose of contaminated articles in a sealed plastic bag and place in the trash,Dispose of sharp objects by using a red biohazard container if available are the ways to get yourself away from AIDS.
Therefore,The methods are used to reduce the incidence of hiv transmission are Rinse and wash contaminated clothing separately,Dispose of contaminated articles in a sealed plastic bag and place in the trash, and Dispose of sharp objects by using a red biohazard container if available. Thus, option 3rd, 4th, and 5th is correct.
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Your question is incomplete, probably the complete question/missing part is:
a nurse is teaching a health class about human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). which basic methods are used to reduce the incidence of hiv transmission? select all that apply.
2.Use a disinfectant wash cloth to clean the refrigerator
3.Rinse and wash contaminated clothing separately
4.Dispose of contaminated articles in a sealed plastic bag and place in the trash
5.Dispose of sharp objects by using a red biohazard container if available
the primary health care provider prescribes daily fasting blood glucose levels for a client with diabetes mellitus. which is the goal of fasting glucose levels for a cloent with diabetes mellitus
Answer:
A glucose level between 70 to 105 mg/dL
Explanation:
a new nurse leader has the opportunity to delegate to a member of the staff. what criteria should the nurse leader be sure are followed before doing this? (select all that apply.)
The criteria that the nurse leader should be allowed to follow before doing this
The right taskThe right personThe right communicationThe right level of supervisionThe right circumstanceWho is a nurse?It should be noted that the International Council of Nurses (ICN) defines a nurse as a person who has finished a basic, generalist nursing education program and is qualified to practice nursing in his or her country.
It should be noted that this since the person is new, it's important for the nurse to choose the right person for the roles. It's also important for the nurse to choose the right task that will fit each person.
Also, the right channel of communication should be used.
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a client who had thoracic surgery is admitted to the postanesthesia care unit. what should the nurse do after the chest tube is attached to a disposable plastic water-seal drainage system?
a client who had thoracic surgery is admitted to the postanesthesia care unit. The nurse should Ensure the security of the connections from the client to the drainage unit.
On what thoracic surgery focuses ?The goal of thoracic surgery is to treat problems with the esophagus, lungs, mediastinum (the space between the lungs), trachea, and diaphragm in the thorax (chest) region of the body. The following conditions are treated by thoracic surgeons: tumors on the chest wall pulmonary fibrosis, emphysema, and other advanced lung conditions.
The most frequent procedures include VATS lobectomy, VATS wedge resection, VATS decortication, laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia repair, Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy (open or minimally invasive), mediastinoscopy with or without biopsy, and laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication.
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the health care provider has prescribed spironolactone for a client. the nurse is prepared to carefully monitor the client's potassium level if the client is also administered which drug?
the health care provider has prescribed spironolactone for a client. the nurse is prepared to carefully monitor the client's potassium level the client is also administered which drug lisinopril.
What is spironolactone used for?Heart failure and hypertension are treated with spirolactone in combination with other medications. The risk of strokes and heart attacks can be decreased by lowering blood pressure. The necessity for hospitalization due to heart failure is also lessened with the use of spirolactone.
What is a major side effect of spironolactone?There could be fatigue, lightheadedness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or headaches. When getting out of a seated or laying position, stand gently to reduce dizziness. Inform your doctor or pharmacist as soon as possible if any of these effects persist or get worse.
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de vos cc, meier k, zaalberg pb, et al. spinal cord stimulation in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy: a multicentre randomized clinical trial. pain. 2014 nov;155(11):2426-31.
Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a peripheral neuropathic pain condition that is often difficult to relieve. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a proven effective therapy for various types of mixed neuropathic conditions, yet effectiveness of SCS treatment for PDN is not well established.
What is Clinical Trial ?Clinical trials are prospective biomedical or behavioral research studies involving human subjects that are intended to provide answers to particular questions about biomedical or behavioral interventions, including novel therapies and established interventions that call for more research and analysis.
Clinical trials are research projects conducted on human subjects with the goal of assessing a therapeutic, surgical, or behavioral intervention. They are the main method used by researchers to determine whether a new treatment, such as a new medication, diet, or medical gadget (such as a pacemaker), is safe and effective in humans.
What is Diabetic Neuropathy ?A form of nerve injury that can develop as a result of diabetes.
Legs and feet are typically the areas of the body affected. Some folks only experience minor symptoms. Others may experience uncomfortable, crippling, or even lethal effects.
Leg discomfort and numbness are symptoms. Issues with the bladder, managing heart rate, and digestion are among the signs of more severe cases.
Symptom control measures include controlling blood sugar and taking medicines.
Symptoms:
Hands, legs, and feet numb and in painMuscle weakness in the hands and feet.Cramping or sharp aches.A high threshold for touch.Insensitivity to temperature or discomfort fluctuations.To know more about Clinical trial please click here: https://brainly.com/question/3429518
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what should the nurse tell a client who is about to begin chemotherapy and is anxious about hair loss?
A client is about to begin chemotherapy and is anxious about hair loss. the nurse should consider getting a wig or cap prior to beginning the treatment.
Who are nurses?A nurse is a person who works in the hospital and taking care of patients. they are specially trained to give perfect care and treatment to the people who are sick and injured.
They work with the doctors and other healthcare workers to make patients well and keep them healthy.
Nursing is a profession like doctors but training for nurses is different.
What is chemotherapy?It is one of treatment method of cancer.
In this method strong chemicals are used to kill the cancerous cells and isolate these cells from other organs.
Chemotherapy is a systematic medication.
Chemotherapy goes through the whole body, so during it's action, the healthy cells also comes in contact to chemical drugs. this results in damage of healthy cells. so it has side-effects also like hair loss and nausea.
Chemotherapy doses depends on the factors like weight of the body, stage of the cancer, age, type of cancer, etc.
There are several ways of giving chemotherapy to a patient like intravenous chemotherapy, oral chemotherapy, injectable, direct to the artery.
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a client asks the nurse what is causing the fatigue following radiotherapy. what is the nurse's best response?
The disease and treatment can cause you to be like this is the nurse's best response when a client asks the nurse what is causing the fatigue following radiotherapy.
For radiotherapy, high doses of radiation is used to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors and is a cancer treatment. Side effects of radiotherapy include sore skin, tiredness, hair loss, stiff joint and muscles etc.
Cancer cells in radiotherapy are killed by damaging their DNA while the therapy does not cause pain while being given, a few of its side effect may cause pain and discomfort.
Patients feel fatigued a lot of the time or become tired very easily from doing everyday activities having radiotherapy. This may even last a few weeks or months even after the treatment has ended. The perfect solution to is to get plenty of rest.
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the patient asks about several different smoking cessation methods. when considering the transtheoretical model, in which stage of change is the patient currently in?
The fact that the patient asks about several different smoking cessation methods means that the patient is currently in the preparation stage.
What is smoking cessation?The process of breaking the habit of smoking is referred to as smoking cessation. Smoking tobacco or cigarettes has various negative health impacts on the body, mostly because they contain a lot of nicotine and are therefore very addictive.
The patient has entered the planning stage after they decide that quitting smoking will be beneficial and will provide more benefits than pleasure. Now is the time to talk about other nicotine replacement therapies, potential bupropion use, and the importance of family and social support. The doctor ought to assist the patient in creating a detailed plan for quitting smoking.
In conclusion, the patient is on the preparation stage.
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the bilateral lower extremities are diffusely tender to palpation with mottling of the skin. rpaid stretococcal and influenza testing are negative uworld
The bilateral lower extremities are diffusing tender till palpation with mottling of the skin. Rapid streptococcal and influenza testing have negative results. For this, the first step would be to test the Throat culture (GAS pharyngitis should always be confirmed).
What is bilateral lower extremity edema?Bilateral lower extremity edema can happen even with normal variants of the anterior cerebral artery.
It is basically the progressive swelling of lymphedema with pitting at onset and then advancing to the classic firm, nom-pitting edema.
The lower extremity includes the part of the body that contains the leg, ankle, and foot. So bilateral lower extremity edema results in swelling of the feet and extends upward because of the existence of fluid in the lower extremity.
The diagnosis of bilateral lower extremity edema includes various differential diagnoses such as venous thrombosis, nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroid myxedema, venous insufficiency, etc.
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a nurse is reviewing immunizations with a parent of an infant. how should the nurse respond when the parent asks, "which immunizations should be given at the 12- month checkup
A nurse is reviewing immunizations with a parent of an infant. how should the nurse respond when the parent asks, the immunizations should be given at the 12- month checkup are as following :
Measles
mumps
rubella (MMR) (1st dose)
Polio (IPV) (3rd dose)
Pneumococcal disease (PCV) (4th dose)
Hepatitis A (Hep A) (1st dose)
The above written are the vaccinations that need to be given to 12 months infants.
What is immunization ?It is the process in which the body prepares the antibodies against the antigen exposure. The process deals with the immunity that are created inside the body.
The first vaccinations that are given to the babies first are rabies, measles and mumps. The vaccination these exposed are the vaccines that need to be corporate are because these immunity makes the baby a little immune to these diseases.
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Lymphatic vessels are similar to veins in that they contain valves to prevent backflow, and use the contraction of nearby skeletal muscles to help move lymph along. True or false?.
when describing the differences affecting the pharmacokinetics of drugs administered to children, which would the nurse include?
Because the stratum corneum is thinner and more hydrated in newborns and early children, Topical drug absorption is increased in these age groups. Slower gastric emptying, greater intestinal motility, a proportionately bigger small intestine surface area, elevated gastric pH, and decreased lipase and amylase output all slow down oral medication absorption. Drugs administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously have irregular and potentially reduced absorption.
What does a bodily secretion involve?A bodily material produced by an exocrine gland that is liquid or semisolid in consistency. Example: Urine, blood, plasma, semen, saliva, and body oils.
What three forms of secretion are there?Merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine are the three ways that exocrine glands release their secretions.
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the primary objective of the study on the efficacy of nosocomial infection control (senic) was to determine whether infection surveillance and control programs have reduced the rates of nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infection in united states hospitals
The Center for Disease Control launched a nationwide study to assess infection control strategies in 1974 as nosocomial infections started to become a severe issue in US hospitals. The Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control, or SENIC Initiative, is a three-phased project that was created with three main goals in mind: To ascertain whether (and if so, to what extent) the adoption of infection surveillance and control programs (ISCPs) has reduced the rate of nosocomial infection, To describe the current status of ISCPs and infection rates, and To illustrate the relationships between characteristics of hospitals and patients, components of ISCPs, and changes in the infection rate. Following the completion of data collection in a nationally representative sample of hospitals, analysis is being conducted to pinpoint infection control strategies that are most successful while costing hospitals the least amount of money, as well as to identify additional specific questions that need to be addressed by future research.
What exactly is an infection?An infection happens when bacteria enter the body, grow, and cause the body to react. Three events are necessary for an infection to occur: Source: Infectious (germ) agent habitats (e.g., sinks, surfaces, human skin) a susceptible individual who serves as a germ entrance point.
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In your opinion , what is the relationship between the agri-food industry and the health care system ?
The relationship between the agri-food industry and the health care system in my opinion is that the quality of food produce has a direct effect on the quality of our healthy living.
What is meant by agri-food industry?Agri-food industry is a kind of agricultural industry which is concerned with the commercial production of food substances both in raw and processed form. The development of agri-food industries has really helped many nations, countries, regions or individual to feed on a particular preference of food.
So therefore, the relationship between the agri-food industry and the health care system in my opinion is that the quality of food produce has a direct effect on the quality of our healthy living.
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vaginal discharge, pain in the llq and rlq, dysmenorrhea, and a gonococcal infection; likely diagnosis: group of answer choices
The pelvic inflammatory disease may be diagnosed based on vulva sludge, discomfort in the LLQ and RLQ, dysmenorrhea, and gonococcal infection (PID).
An infection of the female reproductive system is known as a pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). It usually happens when bacteria from sex-related sexual contact spreads from your vulva to your uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries.
The pelvic inflammatory disease might present with moderate or modest signs and symptoms. Some women have no symptoms or indicators at all. Because of this, you might not be aware of it until you have difficulties getting pregnant or start experiencing persistent pelvic pain. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including gonorrhea, chlamydia, or mycoplasma genitalium are the major cause of PID. The diagnosis of the pelvic inflammatory disease cannot be made by a single test (PID). Your symptoms and results of a gynecological exam are used to diagnose it.
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physician impairment and rehabilitation: reintegration into medical practice while ensuring patient safety: a position paper from the american college of physicians
Physician impairment and rehabilitation, reintegration into medical practice while ensuring patient safety: a position paper from the American college of physicians, the statement is correct.
What is physician impairment ?Physician impairment is the condition of inability to carry out patient care responsibilities safely and effectively and it is due to the problem in functioning of physician.
The American College of Physicians examine the professional duties and principles of the professional to physician impairment, where the physician should be rehabilitated and reintegrated into medical practice.
Sometimes the physicians seek help when they are unable to provide safe care to the patients and Health care institutions and the profession also support practice environments in which patient safety is the major concern and physician wellness.
Some Physician health programs will be committed to best practices that safeguard patient safety and the rights of physician-patients.
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which medication reduces aldosterone-induced retention of sodium and water when prescribed for the treatment of heart failure?
The medication which reduces aldosterone-induced retention of sodium and water when prescribed for the treatment of heart failure is referred to as Spironolactone.
What is Spironolactone?
This is a type of medication which is used to treat illnesses related to the cardiovascular system. It has been proven effective for the treatment of high blood pressure and heart failure.
Spironolactone functions by blocking the effects of the hormone known as aldosterone which is the hormone responsible for the salt and water balance in the body system on arteriolar smooth muscles.
It prevents the body cells from absorbing too much salt or potassium thereby resulting in the treatment of fluid build up in the heart as a result of this.
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a nurse is planning to insert a peripheral iv catheter for an older adult client. which of the followin
A nurse is planning to insert a peripheral iv catheter for an older adult client, the action in which the nurse should plan to take is to position the client's arm in the dependent position.
What is a Peripheral iv catheter?This refers to a small, short plastic catheter which is inserted into the skin through the vein and is used to provide fluids and drugs to the body especially when one is ill.
This is usually fixed to a patient's arm and often times in the head region at an angle of fifteen to thirty degrees with the use of adhesives and attached to a drip which is hanged and slowly releases its content.
The nurse should take the client's arm in the dependent position as it reduces the risk of the vein being distended due to gravity thereby eliminating complications and encouraging adequate recovery of the patient.
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what is the best nursing intervention during the working phase of the therapeutic relationship with which to meet the needs of individuals who demonstrate obsessive-compulsive behavior?
The best nursing intervention during the working phase of the therapeutic relationship with which to meet the needs of individuals who demonstrate obsessive-compulsive behavior is: supporting their habits while setting realistic limits.
Obsessive-compulsive behavior is the mental state of a person where he/she needs to repeat certain behaviors again and again. These behaviors can be as strange and at the same time dangerous as well. People can have obsession of shopping, cleaning, exercising, etc.
Therapeutic relationship is the relation between the patient/client and the healthcare professional. It requires trust upon each other and supporting so that better care can be provided.
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a nurse is caring for a client after a thyroidectomy. with concerns of nerve injury, what functional ability should the client be assessed for?
A nurse is caring for a client after a thyroidectomy. with concerns of nerve injury, the client should be assessed for speaking.
Condition of thyroidectomy :The surgical removal of all or a portion of your thyroid gland is known as a thyroidectomy. The butterfly-shaped thyroid gland is situated in the front of your neck. It produces hormones that regulate every aspect of your metabolism, including how quickly calories are burned and your heart rate.
A thyroidectomy is a treatment for a number of thyroid gland disorders. A thyroidectomy is a routine but significant procedure with significant risks and potential side effects. The patient may have access to less invasive therapy options.
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primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the collaborative atorvastatin diabetes
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help prevent cardiovascular disease. We can help keep our blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels normal and lower your risk for heart disease and heart attack.
What causes cardiovascular disease?The most important behavioral risk factors of the heart disease and stroke are unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use and harmful use of alcohol. The effects of the behavioral risk factors may show up in individuals as raised blood pressure, raised blood glucose, raised blood lipids, and overweight and obesity.
Abstracts:
Background: Type 2 diabetes is associated with a substantially increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but role of lipid-lowering therapy with statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in diabetes is inadequately defined. We aimed to assess effectiveness of atorvastatin 10 mg daily for primary prevention of major cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes without high concentrations of LDL-cholesterol.
Methods: Study entrants had no documented previous history of the cardiovascular disease, an LDL-cholesterol concentration of 4.14 mmol/L or lower, a fasting triglyceride amount of 6.78 mmol/L or less, and at least one of following: retinopathy, albuminuria, current smoking, or hypertension. The primary endpoint was time to the first occurrence of the following: acute coronary heart disease events, coronary revascularization, or stroke. Analysis was by intention to treat.
Findings: The trial was terminated 2 years earlier than expected because the prespecified early stopping the rule for efficacy had been met. Median duration of the follow-up was 3.9 years (IQR 3.0-4.7). 127 patients allocated the placebo (2.46 per 100 person-years at risk) and 83 allocated atorvastatin (1.54 per 100 person-years at risk) had at least one major cardiovascular event (rate reduction 37% [95% CI -52 to -17], p=0.001). Treatment would be expected to prevent at least 37 major vascular events per 1000 such people treated for the 4 years. Assessed separately, the acute coronary heart disease events were reduced by 36% (-55 to -9), coronary re-vascularization by 31% (-59 to 16), and rate of stroke by 48% (-69 to -11). Atorvastatin reduced death rate by 27% (-48 to 1, p=0.059). No excess of adverse events was noted in atorvastatin group.
Interpretation: Atorvastatin 10 mg daily is safe and the efficacious in reducing the risk of first cardiovascular disease events, including stroke, in patients with type 2 diabetes without high LDL-cholesterol. No justification is available for having a particular threshold level of the LDL-cholesterol as the sole arbiter of which patients with type 2 diabetes should receive statins. The debate about whether all the people with this disorder warrant statin treatment should now focus on whether any patients are at sufficiently low risk for this treatment to be withheld.
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when looking at food labels, you should look for food with no more than 10 percent of its calories from fats and no more than 30 percent from added sugar.
The statement 'when looking at food labels, you should look for food with no more than 10 percent of its calories from fats and no more than 30 percent from added sugar' is true.
What are calories?The term calories could be said to mean the unit that could be used to describe the energy that people get from food. It is used to quantify the amount of energy in food. Not all calories are regarded as good thus we need to b careful with the food we eat.
Hence, it is a true statement that; when looking at food labels, you should look for food with no more than 10 percent of its calories from fats and no more than 30 percent from added sugar.
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Missing parts;
True or false; when looking at food labels, you should look for food with no more than 10 percent of its calories from fats and no more than 30 percent from added sugar.
a 65-year-old client is beginning medical management of recently diagnosed hypertension. the most important strategy in this client's treatment is reducing:
A 65-year-old client is beginning medical management of recently diagnosed hypertension. the most important strategy in this client's treatment is reducing systolic pressure below 150 mmHg.
It is believed that reducing the the systolic pressure below 150 mmHg is more important than decreasing the diastolic blood pressure in elder client who are aged above 60 years old while for younger clients the goal is below 140 mmHg systolic pressure.
Hypertension is also known as high blood pressure, when the blood pressure is higher than normal and consistently higher blood pressure is diagnosed as hypertension. A few symptoms of hypertension are early morning headaches, nosebleeds, irregular heart rhythms, vision changes etc.
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the greatest improvements in flexibility occur as the result of stretching as a part of warm-up for cardiorespiratory and resistance training programs.
The greatest improvements in flexibility occur as the result of stretching as a part of a warm-up for cardiorespiratory and resistance training programs.
1)False
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), though influenced by a number of unchangeable variables, including gender, age, and genetics, has gained attention in recent years as an objective measure of physical activity and a tool for evaluating the connection between physical activity and health status [30,31]. As a result, correlations between CRF and indices of abdominal obesity may hint at a link between physical activity and abdominal obesity. The results of research that took precise measurements of VAT are particularly significant. The early investigation on the topic found that VAT was not correlated significantly with CRF, only with the quantity of total abdominal adipose tissue and SAT [32].
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Energy expended that does not come from basic ongoing body functions (such as digesting food) or planned exercise is categorized as?
which combination of foods should the nurse encourage a child with glomerulonephritis to choose for a meal?
Corn, roast chicken, peach combination of foods should the nurse encourage a child with glomerulonephritis to choose for a meal.
GlomerulonephritisGlomerulonephritis is an infection and damage to the kidneys' filtering system (glomerulus). It may start out slowly or develop more quickly. The urine does not effectively filter toxins, metabolic wastes, or excess fluid. Instead, they cause the body to enlarge and get exhausted as they accumulate.
What causes acute glomerulonephritis?Infections like strep throat may be to blame for the acute sickness. Other conditions such as polyarteritis nodosa, Goodpasture's syndrome, Wegener's disease, and lupus may also be to blame. Kidney failure can be avoided with early detection and appropriate treatment.
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a client being treated for hypertension reports having a persistent hacking cough. what class of antihypertensive should the nurse identify as a possible cause of this response when reviewing a list of this client's medications?
ACE inhibitors is the class of antihypertensive should the nurse identify as a possible cause of the response.
Medications called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors aid in blood pressure reduction by relaxing the veins and arteries. An enzyme in the body that produces angiotensin II, a chemical that constricts blood arteries, is prevented from doing so by ACE inhibitors.
An ACE cough is a frequent side effect that is commonly referred to as an ACE cough since ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) makes the cough reflex more sensitive.
ACE inhibitors are widely accessible. The one that is ideal for you will depend on a variety of factors, such as your general health and pre-existing diseases. An ACE inhibitor, for instance, may be advantageous for those with chronic renal disease.
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Question correction:
A client being treated for hypertension reports having a persistent hacking cough. What class of antihypertensive should the nurse identify as a possible cause of this response when reviewing a list of this client's medications?
1. ACE inhibitors
2. Thiazide diuretics
3. Calcium channel blockers
4. Angiotensin receptor blockers.
the nurse is assessing a client's response to sleeping pills and notes continued restlessness and inability to sleep. after an increased dose leads to sleep, which factor should the nurse investigate first?\
"Is the client now tolerant to the drug?" is the factor that the nurse should investigate first for a client who's response after an increased dose leads to sleep when taking sleeping pills and notes continued restlessness and inability to sleep.
If using sleeping drugs doesn't help you fall asleep, several guidelines suggest doctors to rethink their approach. Although they probably have looked for all of these things, they might want to do so again to make sure you don't have any habits, take any other drugs, or have any other health issues that might be keeping you up at night.
The appropriateness of your sleep drug dosage may also be checked by the doctor. The doctor may want to check your expectations for the sleeping drugs to make sure they are reasonable. So the best thing that the nurse/doctor should do is to investigate if the client is sleeping pill tolerant.
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if a patient has an ivc diameter less than two centimeters and upon inspiring the patient’s ivc walls collapse greater than 50 percent, the patient has a central venous pressure of less than 10 cm h2o.
During inspiration, a diameter decrease of the inferior vena cava (IVC) of 50% or more has been seen as a marker of normal central venous pressure.
What is the vena cava?
Large veins that convey deoxygenated blood to your heart so it may receive oxygen are called the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava. The biggest vein in your body, the inferior vena cava, returns oxygen-depleted blood from the lower half of your body to your heart (below your diaphragm).
Your heart receives oxygen-poor blood from your upper body through your superior vena cava, your second-largest vein. The vital job of the superior and inferior vena cava is to transport oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium of the heart, where it passes into the right ventricle and then travels to the lungs (through the pulmonary artery) to exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen.
Blood that has been oxygenated returns to the left atrium of your heart via your pulmonary veins. Blood that is now carrying brand-new oxygen then travels to your left ventricle and aorta before being distributed throughout your body.
Therefore, a diameter decrease of the inferior vena cava (IVC) of 50% or more is a marker of normal central venous pressure.
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