Consider two different traits in mice affecting tail length and fur color. A two-factor cross was made involving true-breeding mice with short tails and white fur to wild-type mice with long tails and brown fur. All F1 offspring had long tails and brown fur. The F1 offspring were then crossed to mice with short tails and white fur. The following phenotypic results were obtained:

118 long tails, brown fur 77 long tails, white fur 114 short tails, white fur 81 short tails, brown fur

Required:
Construct a null hypothesis about these two genes and the expected ratios of the offspring from the cross.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

See the answer below

Explanation:

Null hypothesis: The two genes are independently assorting and therefore, are not linked to each other.

Let A represents the allele for tail length and B for fur color. Long-tail A is dominant over short tail a while brown fur B is dominant over white fur b.

For the first cross involving true-breeding mice:

    AABB   x   aabb

F1         AaBb (long tails and brown fur)

For the second cross:

      AaBb   x   aabb

4 AaBb - Long-tail, brown fur

4 Aabb - Long tail, white fur

4 aaBb - short tail, brown fur

4 aabb - short tail, white fur

Since the phenotypic ratio from the cross is 1:1:1:1, if the null hypothesis was to be true, it means that the expected phenotype ratio should be 1:1:1:1.

In order to test this hypothesis, we use Chi-square:

phenotype                           O            E                 X^2  

Long-tail, brown fur           118          97.5        [tex]\frac{(118-97.5)^2}{97.5}[/tex] = 4.31

Long tail, white fur              77           97.5             4.31

short tail, brown fur             81           97.5              2.79

short tail, white fur              114           97.5              2.79

Total                                                                          14.2

Degree of freedom = 4 - 1 = 3

Critical Chi-square value = 7.815

The calculated Chi-square value is more than the critical value, hence, the null hypothesis is rejected.


Related Questions

Cameron reads in his textbook that animal cells are composed of 90 percent water and 10 percent protein, carbohydrate, nucleic acid, lipid, and other molecules. He learns that homeostasis is the process by which this composition is maintained. How does an organelle in an animal cell control the content of water and other material in the cell?

a.the cell wall splits apart to allow water and materials to enter the cell and waste products to leave the cell
b.the cell membrane is selectively permeable,whic controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell by passive and active transport
c. vacoules in the cell open and draw in the only materials needed from outside the cell
d .lysosomes move out the cell to capture and bring back needed materials

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is - option B. the cell membrane is selectively permeable, which controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell by passive and active transport.

Explanation:

The cell membrane is the most essential cell organelle that is mainly responsible for the regulation of homeostasis of the cell. It acts as a barrier between the outer environment and cell components are enclosed in the cell organelles and cytoplasm by regulating the movement of the material in and out of the cell.

This movement can be active or passive transport depending on the nature of the material as it is a selectively permeable membrane.

The correct answer is - option B.

Answer: Which of the organelles below were observable under high power? Check all the organelles that you could see.

cell membrane

nucleus

vacuoles

ribosomes

Explanation: it is A and B for the second one and the 1st  one is also A

In horses, the Overo gene, Ov, produces a white splotch pattern on the coat. The overo phenotype is seen only when a horse has one Ov copy, Ovov. Horses with two Ov copies, OvOv, die soon after birth and are called white overo because they are completely white. Horses with no Ov copies are solid colored, ovov. The Leopard complex gene, Lp, shows incomplete dominance and controls white spotting. One Lp allele, Lplp, produces the leopard phenotype, in which there are spots everywhere. Two Lp alleles, LpLp, produce the fewspot phenotype, in which the horse is mostly white with colored spots. A horse that is both overo and leopard is called pintaloosa, and these horses are spotted with splotches. A horse that is overo and fewspot is considered fewspot because the white areas from Lp is indistinguishable from the white from Ov.

Suppose that 16 pairs of pintaloosa horses have one offspring per pair. How many of each phenotype would be expected? Determine the number out of 16 expected for each phenotype. Only count phenotypes for offspring expected to live past one week of age.

Number of:
Solid:____
Fewspot:_____
White Overo:______

Answers

Answer: Solid: 1 out 16;

              Fewspot: 3 out 16;

              White Overo: 0

Explanation: A pintaloosa horse is a horse which has genotype LplpOvov, i.e., it is heterozygous for overo and leopard.

Using a Punnett's square, a pair of pintaloosas can produce the following possibilities of offsprings:

Overo genotype

          Ov           ov

Ov    OvOv      Ovov

ov     Ovov      ovov

Leopard genotype

          Lp           lp

Lp     LpLp      Lplp

lp      Lplp       lplp

The expected phenotype for:

Solid is related to the Overo gene and its genotype is ovov, so from the Punnett's square, the possibility for a offspring is 1 out of 16;Fewspot is related to both Overo and Leopard gene. A fewspot horse is both Ovov and LpLp, so the number is 3 out of 16;White Overo is related to the Overo gene and these offspring dies at birth. Since it is asking for the number of ofspring to live past one week of age, there will 0 white overos;

The number of solid overo is 2, fewspot is 3 and white Overo is 0

The question above is incomplete. The complete question is given below:

In horses, the Overo gene, Ov, produces a white splotch pattern on the coat. The overo phenotype is seen only when a horse has one Ov copy, Ovov. Horses with two Ov copies, OvOv, die soon after birth are called white overo because they are completely white. Horses with no Ov copies are solid colored, ovov.

The Leopard complex gene, Lp, shows incomplete dominance and controls white spotting. One Lp allele, Lplp, produces the leopard phenotype, in which there are spots everywhere. Two Lp alleles, LpLp, produce the fewspot phenotype, in which the horse is mostly white with colored spots.

A horse that is both overo and leopard is called pintaloosa, and these horses are spotted with splotches. A horse that is overo and fewspot is considered fewspot because the white areas from Lp is indistinguishable from the white from Ov.

Suppose that 16 pairs of pintaloosa horses have one offpring per pair. How many each phenotype would be expected? Determine the number out of 16 expected for each phenotype. Only count phenotypes of offspring expected to live past one week of age. overo: white overo: fewspot:

The solution is given below:

It is very clear from the complete question that the number of:

Solid is 2

Fewspot is 3

White Overo is 0

What is a pintaloosa?

A pintaloosa is a type of horse which is produced from the breeding between overo and leopard.

So from the parameters given in the question, 2 different individuals possess genotype for overo (Ovov) phenotype.

This goes to say that just only out of the 16 pair will have an overo phenotype.

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How can transmission,reflection, and absorption affect a wave

Answers

Answer:

When a light wave with a single frequency strikes an object, a number of things could happen. The light wave could be absorbed by the object, in which case its energy is converted to heat. The light wave could be reflected by the object. And the light wave could be transmitted by the object.

I’m looking for the same answer I need some help too

Digestive problems can occur at nearly any point in the digestive process. Some problems are minor, like occasional heartburn, indigestion, or constipation. However, other problems like ulcers or cancer can be very serious. Medical treatment may also be required if a minor problem occurs persistently. Fortunately, there are also many dietary approaches that can help manage many digestive disorders. One condition that can be managed through diet is celiac disease, a serious autoimmune disease that causes damage to the small intestines when gluten is consumed. Select all the sentences below that correctly describe the proper identification and treatment of celiac disease.

a. People with celiac disease should include foods with dietary fiber such as beans, fruits, vegetables, brown rice, and quinoa.
b. In adults diagnosed with celiac disease, full recovery typically occurs within 3 to 6 months.
c. For people with celiac disease, ingesting small amounts of gluten is okay occasionally as long as doing so does not produce severe symptoms.
d. If a person feels better after trying a gluten-free diet, further testing is not necessary.
e. Home-cooked meals are a good way to increase variety and reduce the cost of a gluten-free diet.

Answers

Answer:

a. People with celiac disease should include foods with dietary fiber such as beans, fruits, vegetables, brown rice, and quinoa.

e. Home-cooked meals are a good way to increase variety and reduce the cost of a gluten-free diet.

Explanation:

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease, as stated above. This disease causes the defense cells of an organism to attack the stomach cells causing an inflammation that is extended and stimulated by the glutem. As a result, the individual has diarrhea, constipation, weight loss, anemia, a feeling of fullness, colic, abdominal discomfort, severe pain and may even develop ulcers and cancers.

Glutem is a protein found in wheat, barley and rye and for that reason, individuals with this disease should avoid these foods or foods derived from them. This type of diet should accompany the sick person for life and they should be encouraged to eat homemade foods that know the origin and composition. In addition, it is necessary that these people feed on dietary fibers, such as beans, fruits, vegetables, brown rice and quinoa.

Answer:

people with celiac disease should include fiber such as beans fruits brown rice and quinoa

Home cooked meals and a good way to increase variety and reduce cost of a GF diet

Explanation:

Can someone answer the photo

Answers

Answer:

I'm no expert but I'm gonna say B

Explanation:

if I'm wrong I'm terribly sorry

Consider the following food chain:

Garden plants are eaten by snails, which are eaten by birds, which are eaten by the household cat.

What happens to the other members of the food chain if the garden is removed?

Answers

Answer:

then the food chai will be unbalanced

how is hair grown? give me a really really really detailed answer​

Answers

Hair grows out of little pockets in your skin, called follicles. Here's how it happens:

Your hair begins growing from a root in the bottom of the follicle. The root is made up of cells of protein.

Blood from the blood vessels in your scalp feeds the root, which creates more cells and makes the hair grow.

The hair gets pushed up through the skin as it grows, passing an oil gland along the way. The oil gland adds oil to the hair and keeps it shiny and soft. It can make it greasy, too. That's why you need to wash your hair.

The hair dies by the time it is long enough to poke out through the skin. Yes, hair is dead. That's why it doesn't hurt to get a haircut.

Hair on the rest of your body goes through this same process, but the whole cycle only lasts for a month or so. That's why body hair does not grow very long in length like the hair on your head does.

Here are some facts about follicles and your hair:

You are born with all of the follicles you will ever have — about 5 million.

You have about 100,000 follicles on your scalp, which is the skin on your head.

Hair grows very fast and male hair grows faster than female hair. The only part of your body that grows faster is bone marrow, the soft stuff inside your bones. The hair on your head grows about 6 inches a year. So, even though it's one of the fastest-growing things on your body, it takes a while to grow it really long.

Some follicles stop growing hair as you get older. This happens more in some people than in others. That's why some people get thinner hair when they get older, or go bald.

Scientists have discovered a bacterium that breaks down radioactive material in water. Using biotechnology, they have modified this bacterium to break down the radioactive material faster.


What is the benefit of the modified bacterium?


A.It will help in clearing harmful waste safely.


B.It will stop the use of fossil fuels.


C.It will increase the amount of water on Earth.


D.It will decrease the quality of land and soil.

Answers

Answer:

The answer is A

Explanation:

Just think about it

Answer:

A

Explanation:

The water cycle occurs almost exclusively in which layer of our atmosphere?​

Answers

Answer:

Trophosphere

Explanation: Im smart

Answer:

Earth's water continuously moves through the atmosphere, into and out of the oceans, ... rivers, streams) provides nearly 90% of the moisture in our atmosphere. ... Even the wettest regions would form a layer of water only 60 ...

Explanation:

You just gave birth to a litter of kittens. You notice that some of them look alike, while others don't. What is the best explanation for the appearance of the kittens? A) The boy kittens look different from the girl kittens. B) The kittens either look like the mama or the daddy. C) The kittens received different inherited information from their parents. D) The kittens look different NOW, but as they grow, will start to look more alike.

Answers

Answer:

it is c

Explanation:

What to categories do fungi not belong to

Answers

fungi doesn’t belong in plants, animals and bacteria

Answer:

Fungi doesn't belong to animals, plants, or bacteria.

Explanation:

Fungi are a group of living organisms which are classified in their own kingdom.

Where do peppered moths live?

Answers

Answer:

Peppered moths are common insects living in England, Europe, and North America.

Explanation:

Can someone help me to match these definitions?

Answers

Answer:

1. E

2. C

3. A

4. H

5. G

6. D

7. F

8. B

B. Ribosomes
F. Vacuole
E. Vesticle
This is all I know but I am not to sure about F.

The heart is made out of?

Answers

Answer:

chicken tikka

Explanation:

chicken and heart are maid of same substunce that is why im vegetariun

Answer:

Your heart is made up of three layers of tissue: Pericardium – a thin outer lining that protects and surrounds your heart. Myocardium – a thick muscular middle layer that contracts and squeezes blood out of your heart. Endocardium – a thin inner lining.

Which combination of atom will form a molecule,but not a compound?

Answers

Answer: Hydrogen

Explanation:
Hydrogen gas (H2) is a molecule, but not a compound because it is made of only one element. Water (H2O) can be called a molecule or a compound because it is made of hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms.

Help please!!

Historical phonetics is the study of how sounds have changed over time. Please give me an example of how speech has changed over time.

Answers

It has changed in many ways. We went from saying just short, simple, sounds to longer, more precise sounds. Also, We have made actual words with syllables.

Determine which statement about Fungi is true:
A. Fungi are similar to plants because they use Photosynthesis.
B. Mushrooms are just the reproductive organs of a fungus.
C. Fungi are prokaryotic heterotrophs.
D. The reproductive organs of a fungus are the Mycelium, an underground network of threads.

Answers

Answer:

D. The reproductive organs of a fungus are the Mycelium, an underground network of threads.

Explanation:

Fungi doesn't use photosynthesis and isn't a prokaryotic heterotrophs and letter B is also wrong which leaves letter D.

Hope i helped, good luck on the test :)

The statement which is true about Fungi are as follows:

The reproductive organs of a fungus are the Mycelium, an underground network of threads.

Thus, the correct option is D.

What are Fungi?

Fungi may be defined as a group of eukaryotic organisms that lack chlorophyll, leaves, true stems, and roots, reproduce by spores and live as saprotrophs or parasites.

Due to the absence of chloroplasts, fungi are not similar to plants. Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs organisms.

Spores are the fundamental reproductive units of fungi. The reproductive organs of a fungus are the Mycelium which is hidden until it is able to develop one or more fruiting bodies.

Therefore, the correct option for this question is D.

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According to the Law of Conservation of energy, the amount of energy before and after a reaction must be the same. Which statement below is true?

Answers

Answer:

Yes this is correct there has to be the same amount of energy in a chemical reaction before during and after the reaction. While the energy states may change from potential energy to heat energy to expended energy there is still the same amount of energy.

Explanation:

The energy before and after any  chemical reaction must remain the same.

What is the law of conservation of energy?

The principle of the conservation of energy states that energy can not be created nor destroyed nor destroyed. This is a key principle in the conservation of energy.

Hnece, this principle implies that the energy before and after any  chemical reaction must remain the same.

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8. A scoop of ammonium nitrate is added to a beaker of water. Which is a quantitative observation of the experiment?
A. The ammonium nitrate dissolved in the water.
B. The temperature of the water decreased by 5°C.
C. A chemical reaction occurred.
D. The solution did not change color.

Answers

The correct answer is B. The temperature of the water decreased by 5°C

Explanation:

Temperature and the changes in it are part of quantitative observations because these can only be measured and understood through numbers. Indeed, the temperature is globally measured through different numerical scales such as the Celsius or the Kelvin scale. This does not occur in other qualities such as color because this is considered and analyzing using qualities or traits rather than values. According to this, the correct answer is "The temperature of the water decreased by 5°C."

Newton's ____ Law states that an object acceleration is directly related to the net force applied and inversely related to the mass of the object

Answers

Answer:

Newton's second law i think

Explanation:

Answer:

It is the escond law brudda

Explanation:

Which conversion is controlled by insulin? A. glucose to ATP
B. glucose to glycogen
C. gycogen to gluclose
D. glycogen to lactic acid

The Answer is B.​

Answers

The answer is B. glucose to glycogen
This is done by the hormone insulin which is regulated in the liver.

Answer:

It is:

B. Glucose to Glycogen

Explanation:

Took the test

Humans process some foods by adding chemicals to reduce harmful bacterial growth. This allows foods to be edible for longer periods of time. Which best describes the advantages of food processing? control of density-independent limiting factors such as disease spread control of density-dependent limiting factors such as disease spread control of density-dependent limiting factors such as predation control of density-independent limiting factors such as predation

Answers

The statement that best described the advantage of food processing is that it controls density-dependent limiting factors such as the spread of diseases.

Processing foods through the addition of chemicals have the ability to kill off pathogens in foods, thus making the foods safer for consumption. The consumption of pathogen-free foods means that pathogenic diseases will be reduced to a minimum in a population.

The spread of diseases is a density-dependent limiting factor of a population. Density-dependent limiting factors have either positive or negative correlations with population growth. Other density-dependent limiting factors include competition and predation.

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Answer:b

Explanation:

What type of graph or chart would best represent
the data presented in the table?
a bar graph
a line graph
a pie chart

Answers

Answer:

b. line graph

Explanation:

on edge

Answer:

b

Explanation:

Develop a hypothesis about the genetic relationship between chestnut, palomino, and cremello. (Hint: Only one locus is involved.) How many alleles do you think are involved

Answers

Answer:

Hypothesis: Horses inherit the hair color trait by incomplete dominance involving just one locus and two alleles.

Explanation:

You will find the complete explanation as an attached file due to technical problems.

T or F: A prokaryote cell has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organells.​

Answers

Answer: False

Explanation: because eukaryotic cells have nucleus cells

the answer is false its not true

how can temperature and precipitation affect tree growth​

Answers

Answer:

When there is present low precipitation or low moisture supply, together with high temperature, the limited growth is due to the close relationship which exists between turgidity and growth.

Explanation:

It is known, of course, that precipitation and temperature are not the only factors that have an effect on the growth of trees.

Answer:

Temperature can affect how heat and other gases correspond with the tree and can change the flow inside the tree. Precipitation can tell us how much water the tree is getting to absorb and grow with.

Explanation:

Why does the oceanic crust sink beneath the continental crust at a subduction boundary?
A)The oceanic crust has a greater density.
B)The oceanic crust is pulled downward by Earth's magnetic field.
C)The continental crust is composed of more magnesium and iron.
D)The continental crust is pulled upward by the Moon's gravity.

Answers

The answer is B hope this helped!

The oceanic crust sink beneath the continental crust at a subduction boundary as it is pulled downward by Earth's magnetic field. The correct option is B.

What is oceanic crust?

The outermost layer of the Earth's lithosphere found beneath the oceans and formed at spreading centers on oceanic ridges that occur at divergent plate boundaries.

The thickness of the oceanic crust is approximately 6 km (4 miles). It is made up of several layers, not including the sediment on top.

The oceanic crust is mostly made up of dark-colored rocks called basalt and gabbro. It is thinner and denser than the continental crust, which is composed of light-colored rocks known as andesite and granite.

Because of its low density, continental crust "floats" high atop the viscous mantle, forming dry land.

As the Earth's magnetic field pulls downward, the oceanic crust sinks beneath the continental crust at a subduction boundary.

Thus, the correct option is B.

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Choose all the answers that apply.

The ionosphere _____.

is used to send radio waves
blocks harmful x-rays
is warmed by the ozonosphere
includes all the layers after the mesosphere
contains charge atoms

Answers

Answer:

This layer of the atmosphere is a layer of charged particles and it helps carry radio waves. The auroras or Northern lights are caused by the collision of energetic charged particles with atoms in the ionosphere.

Explanation:

Answer:

1 and 5

Explanation:

What would happen if a macromolecule was missing?

Answers

Answer:

If you were to not have any proteins in your being, you would eventually die. This is because all your cells need proteins to function. Without proteins, they cannot function.

Explanation:

If a macromolecule is missing, it will eventually affect your cell's functions and leads to the death of an individual.

What is a Macromolecule?

A macromolecule may be defined as a type of very large molecule that is extremely important for the accomplishment of biophysical processes like metabolic functions, cellular needs, etc. Some examples of macromolecules are carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, fats (lipids), etc.

According to the question, if macromolecules like carbohydrates are missing, the cells of an organism do not need energy for metabolic and cellular functions, and due to lack of energy, it will eventually die after some time. The same principle is followed by the other macromolecules as well.

Therefore, if a macromolecule is missing, it will eventually affect your cell's functions and leads to the death of an individual.

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Help do in ten minutes!

Answers

Answer:

gulblader stores bile

liver  makes bile

found in mouth is salvatory glands

4 is pancreas

Explanation:

Other Questions
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