The principal law governing pollution of the nation’s surface waters is the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act, or Clean Water Act. Originally enacted in 1948, it was totally revised by
amendments in 1972 that gave the act its current dimensions. The 1972 legislation spelled out
ambitious programs for water quality improvement that have since been expanded and are still
being implemented by industries and municipalities.
This report presents a summary of the law, describing the statute without discussing its
implementation. Other CRS reports discuss implementation, including CRS Report R42883,
Water Quality Issues in the 113th Congress: An Overview, and numerous products cited in that
report.
The Clean Water Act consists of two major parts, one being the provisions which authorize
federal financial assistance for municipal sewage treatment plant construction. The other is the
regulatory requirements that apply to industrial and municipal dischargers. The act has been
termed a technology-forcing statute because of the rigorous demands placed on those who are
regulated by it to achieve higher and higher levels of pollution abatement under deadlines
specified in the law. Early on, emphasis was on controlling discharges of conventional pollutants
(e.g., suspended solids or bacteria that are biodegradable and occur naturally in the aquatic
environment), while control of toxic pollutant discharges has been a key focus of water quality
programs more recently.
Prior to 1987, programs were primarily directed at point source pollution, that is, wastes
discharged by industrial and municipal facilities from discrete sources such as pipes and outfalls.
Amendments to the law in that year authorized measures to address nonpoint source pollution
(runoff from farm lands, forests, construction sites, and urban areas), which is estimated to
represent more than 50% of the nation’s remaining water pollution problems. The act also
prohibits discharge of oil and hazardous substances into U.S. waters.
Under this act, federal jurisdiction is broad, particularly regarding establishment of national
standards or effluent limitations. Certain responsibilities are delegated to the states, and the act
embodies a philosophy of federal-state partnership in which the federal government sets the
agenda and standards for pollution abatement, while states carry out day-to-day activities of
implementation and enforcement.
To achieve its objectives, the act is based on the concept that all discharges into the nation’s
waters are unlawful, unless specifically authorized by a permit, which is the act’s principal
enforcement tool. The law has civil, criminal, and administrative enforcement provisions and also
permits citizen suit enforcement.
Financial assistance for constructing municipal sewage treatment plants and certain other types of
water quality improvements projects is authorized under Title VI. It authorizes grants to capitalize
State Water Pollution Control Revolving Funds, or loan programs. States contribute matching
funds, and under the revolving loan fund concept, monies used for wastewater treatment
construction are repaid to states, to be available for future construction in other communities.
A balloon contains 7. 2 L of helium. The pressure is reduced to 2. 00 atm and the balloon expands to occupy a volume of 25. 1 L. What was the initial pressure exerted on the balloon?
Answer:
your answer should be 0.57 atm
What is the importance of antacid in the body?
Answer:
The substances which neutralize the acids of the stomach are called antacids. Acidity in the stomach causes the sensation of heartburn, antacids are taken to relieve this sensation. They are taken orally to suppress the effects of acidity.
which pH would react more vigorously with zinc carbonate
I’ll give 20 points if you say right
This is about moles
-How heavy is the reaction?
-I will name you brainliest if answer is right
Answer:
61.994 g
Explanation:
first of all the result is not balanced but here is tje answer anyways
To find the weight we have to add their molar mass
12.011+(15.99×2)+(1.002×2) +15.999=61.994
Please help me. I want a 100% on this. :(
Answer:
give off carbon to the air. Giving off carbon allows them to make energy storage molecules.
Explanation:
Trees use energy from the sun to create sugars through a process called photosynthesis and without these sugars as an energy source a tree cannot grow or ultimately survive. A study by Thomas Givnish found that the process of photosynthesis is directly impacted by the amount of sunlight that hits a tree's leave.
Sunlight and Tree Shape – Crandall Park Trees
A solution of rubbing alcohol is 68.4 % (v/v) isopropanol in water. How many milliliters of isopropanol are in a 89.7 mL sample of the rubbing alcohol solution
Taking into account the definition of Volume to Volume Percentage (% V/V), 61.3548 mL of isopropanol are in a 89.7 mL sample of the rubbing alcohol solution.
Volume to Volume Percentage (% V/V)Volume to Volume Percentage (% V/V) is a measure of concentration that indicates the volume of solute per 100 volume units of solution.
In other words, the percentage %v/v indicates the volume of solute (in mL) that is dissolved in 100 mL of solution.
The %v/v of a solution is determined by the following expression, which is multiplied by 100 to express it as a percentage:
[tex]v/v=\frac{volume of solute (mL)}{volume of solution(mL)} x100[/tex]
Volume of isopropanol in the sampleIn this case, you know:
%v/v= 68.4 %volume of solute= ?volume of solution= 89.7 mLReplacing in the definition of %v/v:
[tex]68.4=\frac{volume of solute (mL)}{89.7 mL} x100[/tex]
Solving:
volume of solute= (68.4× 89.7 mL)÷ 100
volume of solute= 61.3548 mL
Finally, 61.3548 mL of isopropanol are in a 89.7 mL sample of the rubbing alcohol solution.
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What laws do astronomers use to indirectly learn about stars?
Answer
Laws that are used by astronomers to learn about stars indirectly are as given below:-
Kirchhoff's First LawCassini's laws
please help smart kids HHowhotwill a 2.3 L balloon have to get to expand to a volume of 400 L? Assume that the initial temperature of the balloon is 25 degrees C.
Answer:
51 579 C
Explanation:
I will assume the PRESSURE remains constant
then
V1 /T1 = V2/T2 T will be in Kelvin
25 C = 298.15 K
2.3 l / 298.15 K = 400 l / T2
solve for T2 = 51852.17 K = 51579 C
[tex]\huge\mathfrak\colorbox{white}{}[/tex]
18. 0mols of sodium reacts with excess chlorine. How many
grams of sodium chloride form?
please help
Answer:
I think the answer is 0 because 0 mols of sodium react
Explanation:
Which of the following minerals effervesces (produces a bubbling, fizzing reaction) in hydrochloric acid? Group of answer choices gypsum quartz halite calcite
The minerals effervesce (produces a bubbling, fizzing reaction) in hydrochloric acid is calcite. The correct option is D, calcite.
What is calcite?Calcite is a mineral that is very hard, and highly reactive.
It is present in many colors, white, yellow, orange, red, green, and blue.
In Ancient Egypt, calcite was used to carve many things, such as bast, alabaster, etc.
Thus, the correct option is D, calcite.
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Can someone please help me? :(
nuclear energy, once used up it can not be used again
What is the molarity of 15 moles of a 5 L solution?
Answer:
The molarity of the solution is
5.1 mol/L
.
The solution is said to be
5.1 molar
.
The shorthand way to indicate molarity is
5.1 M
, which is pronounced
5.1 molar
, and is how it is written on the label of its container.
Explanation:
Molarity (M)
=
moles of solute
liters of solution
The volume of the solution is given in mL. The volume is required to be in liters, so
975 mL
must be converted to liters.
1 L=1000 mL
975
mL
×
1
L
1000
mL
=
0.975 L
Molarity (M)
=
5.0
mol
0.975
L
=
5.1 mol/L
rounded to two significant figures
Answer link
Answer:
3m
Explanation:
Molarity equation = Moles of solute/liters of solution
Plug values in and get 3 :)
I am not sure the units are correct so check those but that should be the answer
2. How many grams of K3N are produced from 2.1 moles of Mg3N
K3N : Mg3N
1 : 1
X : 2,1
n(K3N) = 2,1 mol
M(K3N) = 39×3 + 32
= 149
m= nM
= 2,1 × 149
= 312,9g
Can someone please help me? :(
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Hydrazine (N_2H_4) decomposes to produce N_2 and NH_3. How many molecules of NH_3 will be formed if 60 molecules of N_2H_4 decompose into N_2 and NH_3
80 molecules of [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] will be formed if 60 molecules of [tex]N_{2}H_{4}[/tex] decomposes into [tex]N_{2}[/tex] and [tex]NH_{3}[/tex]
What are molecules?The smallest particle of a substance has all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance. Molecules are made up of one or more atoms.
Just balance the reaction:
[tex]3N_{2}H_{4}\to N_{2}+4NH_{3}[/tex]
Now you can see that every 3 molecules of [tex]N_{2}H_{4}[/tex]4 molecules of [tex]NH_{3}[/tex].
For 60molecules of [tex]N_{2}H_{4}[/tex] we scale up these numbers by a factor of 60/3 = 20.
Therefore 4x20 = 80 molecules of [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] are formed.
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how does cardon enter the soil
Answer:Carbon enters the soil through the decomposition of organic material. When plants die or leaves fall off of trees, for example, they fall to the soil
Explanation:
A sample of nitrogen gas reacts with an excess of hydrogen gas to give an actual yield of 20.05 g NH3. The theoretical yield is 26.46g.
What is the percent yield for this reaction?
Round to two decimal places
N2(g) + 3H2(g)+2 NH3 (g)
Answer: 75.77%
Explanation:
Percent yield = (actual yield)/(theoretical yield) = 20.05 / 26.46 * 100 = 75.77%
To 225 mL of a 0. 80 M solution of Kl, a student adds enough water to make 1. 0 L of a more dilute Kl solution. What is the molarity of the new solution?
Answer: 0.18 M
Explanation:
Initial molarity, M1 = 0.8 M
Initial olume, V1 = 225 ml
Final volume, V2 = 1000 ml
Final Molarity, M2 = M1V1/V2
= 0.8 x 225/1000
= 0.18 M
SCIENCE WHICH IS CORRECT?
Downy Woodpecker
Explanation:Reading and Annotating the Question
One way to narrow the choices is to read the question first. While reading the question, annotate for important phrases. I would underline "dead branches and dying trees" and "habit would be most affected."
Reading and Annotating the Chart
Now that we have read the question, it is time to read the chart. While you read, check for words or phrases that relate to the phrases we underlined in the question. When I read the chart I noticed the phrase "decaying trees" under the Downy Woodpecker. Since the Downy Woodpecker depends on decaying trees, they would be heavily affected by the removal of dying trees.
Process of Elimination
To check our answer we can use the process of elimination.
A) We can eliminate the Baltimore Oriole because it relies on "tall trees," not dying trees.
B) The Barn Swallow is also incorrect because they nest "under roofs," which is not affected by the removal of any trees.
D) Finally, the Belted Kingfisher is wrong because they build nests in "tunnels or burrows," which is also unrelated to the removal of trees.
Ocean salinity will vary with evaporation as well as with freezing and thawing. True or False?
True
False
Answer: true
Explanation:
Ocean salinity will vary with evaporation as well as with freezing and thawing. this statement is true.
What is Ocean salinity?Salinity, commonly known as saline water (also see soil salinity), is the degree of saltiness or the quantity of salt dispersed throughout a body of water. The standard units of measurement are grammes of salt per litre (g/L) or grammes per kilogramme (g/kg; the latter one is dimensionless therefore equal to ).
Salinity is a thermodynamic condition variable that, along with pressure and temperature, controls physical properties like the density also heat capacity of the water. Salinity plays a significant role in defining numerous facets of the chemical composition of natural waters as well as the biological processes within them. Ocean salinity will vary with evaporation as well as with freezing and thawing. this statement is true.
Therefore, ocean salinity will vary with evaporation as well as with freezing and thawing. this statement is true.
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What is the concentration of an aqueous solution with a volume of
550 mL that contains 350 grams of iron (II) chloride (FeCl2)?
Answer:
Explanation:
The formula for concentration is C = n/V
Where C represents concentration in mol/L.
n represents moles in mol.
V respresents volume in L.
You have 550 mL, let's convert it to L (1000 mL= 1L)
550 mL / 1000 = 0.55 L
We got V and we need n. We can find n by this formula:
n = m/M
m represents mass in g.
M represents molar mass in g/mol.
We are given grams of iron (II) chloride (FeCl2)
Find the molar mass by the periodic table: 55.85 + (2*35.45) = 126.75 g/mol.
n = (350 g) / (126.75 g/mol) = 2.76134 mol
Back to our first formula: C = n / V
C = (2.76134 mol) / (0.55 L) = 5.0206 mol/L.
to 3 significant digits it's 5.02 mol/L, and that is how you find concentration.
Question 1
What causes infrared light to hit the ground?
Infrared light can hit the ground after being absorbed by things in the Earth's atmosphere like water vapor, carbon monoxide, methane, and other traces of gases, which absorb the longer wavelengths of outgoing infrared radiation from the Earth's surface. The gases emit infrared radiation down to Earth and out into space.
Answer:
Water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and other trace gases in Earth's atmosphere absorb the longer wavelengths of outgoing infrared radiation from Earth's surface. These gases then emit the infrared radiation in all directions, both outward toward space and downward toward Earth.
Explanation:
Which enzyme of the citric acid cycle most closely resembles the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in terms of its structure, organization, and the reaction it performs
Answer:
The α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase enzyme is structurally and functionally homologous to the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
hope it helps
This precipitation fell
as freezing rain.
Which of the
following BEST
describes why this
precipitation did not
fall as snow?
A. the air above the ground was too cold to support
snowfall
B. the precipitation obviously fell directly from the
clouds as icicles
C. the air above the ground was above freezing, the
surfaces on the ground were below freezing
D. there were no clouds above the ground so the
precipitation bubbled up out of the frozen ground by
Precipitation is the fall of the condensed product to the ground. The freezing rain occurred because the air above the ground was above freezing.
What is freezing rain?
Freezing rain is the form of precipitation that occurs when the rain droplets freeze upon contacting the ground surfaces. It is composed entirely of liquid water droplets.
Freezing rain occurred because there was not enough time for the water to freeze in a cloud, unlike the snow. Snow is another type of precipitation that forms when the temperature is low in the atmospheric surroundings.
Therefore, option C. the air above the ground surface was above freezing level explains the formation of freezing rain.
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Molecules that do not ____________ (or come apart) in solution are called ____________ . Most of these substances are covalently bonded ____________ (e.g., glucose, urea, and creatinine). In contrast, a(n) ____________ is any substance that dissociates in solution to form _
Filling in the gaps in the excerpt below
Molecules that do not __Dissociate__________ (or come apart) in solution are called ___Non-electrolyte substances_________ . Most of these substances are covalently bonded __and do not conduct electricity__________ (e.g., glucose, urea, and creatinine). In contrast, a(n) ___Electrolyte_________ is any substance that dissociates in solution to form Salts
Difference between electrolytes and Non-electrolytesElectrolytes are substances that conduct electricity because they readily ionize when placed in a solution. while Non-electrolytes do not readily conduct electricity because they do not dissociate into ions when placed in a solution.
Hence we can conclude that the answers to your questions are as listed above.
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What is the mass of 8 moles of sodium (Na) atoms?
The Periodic Table
O A. 183.99
O B. 4.82 x 1024 g
O C. 22.99 g
O D. 1.11% 1026 g
What mass of Ca(OH)2 is contained in 1500 mL of 0.0250 M Ca(OH)2 solution?
Your answer:
1.85 g
2.34 g
2.78 g
3.17 g
We need moles of Ca(OH)_2
Molarity=Moles/Volume in L0.025=Moles/1.5Moles=1.5(0.025)Moles=0.0375molMolar mass of Ca(OH)_2=74g/mol
Now
Mass=Molar mass×MolesMass=0.0375×74Mass=2.77gOption C
The mass of Ca(OH)₂ in the given solution is approximately 2.78 grams, which corresponds to option C) 2.78 g.
Given: Volume = 1500 mL, Concentration (Molarity) = 0.0250 M, and Compound = Ca(OH)₂ .
First, convert mL to L: Volume = 1500 mL × (1 L / 1000 mL) = 1.5 L.
Use the formula for calculating the number of moles: Moles = Concentration × Volume.
Moles = 0.0250 mol/L × 1.5 L = 0.0375 mol.
The molar mass of Ca(OH)₂ can be calculated:
Ca(OH)₂ molar mass = (1 * atomic mass of Ca) + (2 * atomic mass of O) + (2 * atomic mass of H)
= (1 * 40.08 g/mol) + (2 * 16.00 g/mol) + (2 * 1.01 g/mol)
= 74.09 g/mol.
Now, calculate the mass using the calculated moles and molar mass:
Mass = Moles × Molar mass
Mass = 0.0375 mol × 74.09 g/mol = 2.78 g.
Therefore, the mass of Ca(OH)₂ in the given solution is approximately 2.78 grams, which corresponds to option C) 2.78 g.
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The complete question is:
What mass of Ca(OH)₂ is contained in 1500 mL of 0.0250 M Ca(OH)₂ solution?
A) 1.85 g
B) 2.34 g
C) 2.78 g
D) 3.17 g
How many moles are there of a 2 M solution with a volume of 17.95 liters?
Answer:How many moles are there of a 2 M solution with a volume of 17.95 liters = 35.9 moles !
Explanation: The formula for calculating the molarity of the solution is expressed as Molarity= mole/volume
Molarity = 2 M
Volume=17.95L
Substitute the given parameters into the formula … and you get
mole=molarity x volume
Mole=2M x 17.95L
Mole=35.9moles
moles of the solution is 35.9 moles
Hope this helps if so mark Brainalist thanks
Can someone please help me? :(
Answer:
I think c is the right answer
A mother and two young children are found passed out in their apartment, where a space heater is on. Emergency medical technicians suspect carbon monoxide poisoning. Why is carbon monoxide dangerous
Answer:
ummm a I guess if I am wrong tell me